EP0475261B1 - Radiator - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a radiator (1) having heat ducts (2) for the throughflow of a heat transfer medium, which branch off from a distributor duct (3a) and open into a manifold (3b) for the return of the heat transfer medium. In order to achieve a high level of heat transfer of the heating surface to the room air, and to enable rapid drying of bath towels or hand towels, the heat ducts (2) are arranged inclined with respect to the horizontal with a flow direction from below obliquely upwards in the supply-side heat ducts (2a), there being provided below the supply-side heat ducts (2a) a plurality of return-side heat ducts (2b) which branch off obliquely downwards from the manifold (3b) and reopen downstream into the manifold (3b). It is possible to provide on the frame (4) of the radiator (1) a holder (6), through which heat transfer medium likewise flows, for a hand towel or bath towel which comes to be located at a distance in front of the heat ducts (2). <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a radiator with an outer frame, which is composed of at least four pairs of frame parts lying opposite one another and forms a throughflow channel, part of the frame forming a distribution channel and a part of the frame which is separated from this in terms of flow, forming a collecting channel, with flow-side and parallel runs that run parallel to one another return-side heating channels, which are connected to the frame parts at an angle such that the flow direction in the heating channels to the flow direction in the frame parts in the area of the connection points is at an angle not equal to 90 °, and with a flow-side and a return-side connection for the heat transfer medium.

A radiator of the type specified above is known from DE-U-89 12 462. This radiator has an outer, rectangular frame which, with its longer long sides lying horizontally on the lower long side, has a flow-side connection and a return-side connection via which the heat transfer medium is supplied or discharged. The frame is divided into three sections, with the left section having diagonal heating channels (inclined pipes) which open into an outer distributor pipe or the upper horizontal pipe of the frame. The right side of the frame has return-side heating channels (inclined pipes) which branch off from the right distribution pipe or the upper horizontal pipe and essentially open into a vertical pipe which is connected to the return-side connection. The middle part of the frame has another, middle horizontal tube, which obviously serves to support the radiator. The the central area is obviously not significantly heated, since it is not flowed through by the inclined pipes carrying the heat transfer medium. The inclined pipes on the inlet side and the inclined pipes on the return side run diagonally opposite to each other, which results in a radiator that is elaborately structured with heating channels. A further embodiment shows a radiator in which the heating channels each run perpendicular to the outer frame tube, the inlet-side heating channels being separated from the return-side heating channels by a lower cross tube, a middle cross tube and an upper cross tube; these cross tubes separate the flow-side heating channels from the return-side heating channels approximately in the diagonal of the rectangular radiator. At the ends of the three transverse tubes, tubes are arranged which are bent in the form of a part circle and which serve at least at the upper end for venting the radiator.

From DE-U1 89 01 831 a radiator is known which has a plurality of heating channels for the heat transfer medium which are arranged horizontally one above the other in the mounting position and which have their Ends in distribution pipes for the flow and return, which extend vertically upwards on both sides of the heating ducts. The heating pipes are at a mutual distance to hang items of laundry such as hand or bath towels. In addition, an increased distance for hanging up the laundry items can be provided between some pipes. This known radiator can also be equipped with a connection for an electrical heating cartridge, in order to enable drying of the towels even during the summer months when the heating is switched off. The routing of the heat transfer medium with rising in the manifold, flow through the heating channels and return via the manifold lead to an unfavorable use of the heat contained in the heat transfer medium. In addition, the right-angled discharge of the heating channels from the distributor pipes results in unfavorable flow conditions for the heat transfer medium with a high temperature gradient across the heating surface, which likewise leads to a low heating output. A major disadvantage of these known radiators is that any heat given off to heat up the room is prevented by convection when a bath towel is hung up, since a towel suspended over one of the heating ducts lies directly against the heating ducts with its ends hanging down. Furthermore, from DE 19 24 059 U1 a radiator in the form of a railing is known with an upper and a lower distributor pipe, between which connecting pipes are arranged. The lower inflow-side manifold is interrupted in its longitudinal extent by a pipe closure, so that the heat transfer medium flows into the connecting pipes reaching up to the pipe closure from below upwards to the upper distribution pipe, from where it follows the connecting pipes downstream of the pipe closure in the longitudinal direction of the radiator flows out below. This known railing heater with side-by-side and downstream heating channels arranged one behind the other in the flow direction also has an unfavorable flow geometry combined with a low heating power.

Proceeding from this, the object of the invention is to further develop a radiator of the type mentioned at the outset such that high heat transfer from the heating surface to the ambient air is achieved with simple manufacture and assembly. In addition, it is a further object of the invention to enable quick drying of bath towels, hand towels and the like at high heating power.
To solve the problem, the radiator specified at the outset is designed in such a way that the supply and return-side heating channels run parallel to one another and each form a group, one group essentially filling one part of the frame and the other group essentially filling the other part of the frame. This radiator is characterized by its simple structure, with a clearly structured structure of the heating channels, which ensures excellent heat distribution and heat transfer over its surface, in particular through the distribution of the heating channels on the flow and return sides. In addition, the radiator can be easily produced, since only heating channels running parallel to one another are provided.

Due to the oblique arrangement of the heating channels in the mounting position, Area of their branching and the connection to the distributor or collecting duct, significantly lower flow resistances than with a right-angled discharge or a right-angled connection of the heating ducts to the supply and discharge pipes. The heat transfer medium flows upwards in the inlet-side distribution channel and reaches the connections of the inlet-side heating channels. Due to the inclined arrangement of the flow-side heating ducts, there is a significantly smaller change in the speed component of the heat transfer medium compared to the right-angled discharge, so that the flow-side heating ducts are evenly acted on and there is also more uniform heat dissipation in this area of the radiator. If the heat transfer medium flows downward in the return-side manifold due to the force of gravity, it inevitably reaches the inflow areas of the return-side heating channels arranged below the forward-side heating channels. Here too, due to the inclination of the heating ducts with respect to the horizontal with flow direction from top to bottom, lower flow resistances occur, so that the return-side heating ducts are evenly flowed through by the heat transfer medium, the heat transfer medium still being able to release part of its residual heat. Of course, according to the invention it is also possible, if necessary, to arrange only the flow-side or only the return-side heating channels inclined to the horizontal. In connection with the inclined arrangement of the heating ducts, compared to the known radiators, the heating medium has a longer residence time in the radiator, which results in a higher heating output and improved heat dissipation by convection. In the radiator according to the invention, circulation is made possible solely by gravity, without the use of pumps, due to the favorable flow conditions.

In addition, the radiator is no more difficult to manufacture and assemble than the known radiators.

In terms of construction and production technology, it is particularly favorable if, according to a proposal of the invention, the return-side heating channels open into a base-side section of the collecting channel. E.g. the base section of the collecting duct in the mounting position of the radiator can run horizontally or, like the heating ducts themselves, also obliquely.

According to a particular concept of the invention, it is provided that the distribution channel and the collecting channel with a section on the base form a circumferential flow channel for the heat transfer medium, possibly forming an outer frame. It has been shown that the flow conditions of the heat transfer medium can be further improved by the direct flow connection of the distributor and collecting channel between the connections of the uppermost heating tube in the mounting position. The same pressure conditions prevail throughout the entire radiator system. Backflow effects or swirling of the heat transfer medium at the inflow areas of the heating ducts as a result of pressure fluctuations on the inlet side do not occur. In addition, the connection area of the throughflow channel between the distributor and collecting channel can be used as an additional design element and can be formed, for example, at an acute angle or trapezoidal.
According to a particular concept of the invention, it is also provided that the number of return-side heating channels and / or the free channel cross-section is smaller than those or that of the forward-side heating channels. In this way it can be achieved that the heat transfer medium has both the flow and return sides iw the same flow rate, which is also has a favorable effect on the heating output.

The heating channels advantageously run at an angle of 30 ° to 70 ° with respect to the horizontal.

Furthermore, it is provided according to the invention that the throughflow channel or the distributor and / or collecting channel with a section on the base side with a stowage or
Sliding devices, such as, for example, baffle plates, are provided for the forced flow and / or for the separation of the flow of the heating ducts on the flow and return sides. This ensures that the heating medium flows through all the heating channels, in particular also the heating channels or pipes which are arranged at locations which are less favorable in terms of flow.

Of course, the flow-through channel, preferably in the area of the inlet connection, can be designed to accommodate an electrical heating device, for example a heating cartridge. As a result, the radiator according to the invention can also be operated when the central heating is switched off.

It is also within the scope of the invention that at least one holder, preferably arranged on the flow channel or on the frame and possibly flowed through by the heat transfer medium, is provided for a towel, bath towel or the like. In this embodiment, to be installed in particular in bathrooms, indoor pools or the like, the high heating power and the generally uniform temperature distribution over the entire heating surface of the radiator according to the invention are particularly important in order to achieve a quick drying of the respective towel. Characterized in that in the radiator according to the invention the ends of each drying towel with a little distance in front of the heating ducts, the convection of the radiator is not hindered, which also promotes the quick drying of the towel and above all contributes to the warming of the room air. Not least because of its successful design, the radiator according to the invention can be used not only for wall-side installation, but also, for example, as a room divider in bathrooms, indoor pools or the like.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, it is provided that i. w. A second radiator element is arranged parallel to the plane defined by the heating channels with a flow-through channel, the heating channels of which run obliquely from bottom to top in the opposite direction to that of the first radiator element. This double arrangement can be used both in radiator elements with between two i. w. Realize vertical sections of the flow channels extending heating channels as well as in such embodiments in which the flow and return side heating channels laterally next to each other and one behind the other in the flow direction between two i. w. Horizontal distribution channels are arranged. In any case, a space heater is created, which has an additional convection component in the heat emission due to the network-like structure of its heating surface and is also characterized by an attractive design.

It is particularly favorable in terms of production technology and construction if the two radiator units have common connections with heating channels, possibly with connecting channels for the supply and return of the heat transfer medium.

An optimal heating output results with these Double-part radiator according to a special embodiment of the invention, if the intersecting heating channels of both radiator elements are designed for an opposite flow direction of the heat transfer medium, the flow-side heating channels of one radiator element overlapping with the return-side heating channels of the second radiator element.

Further features and possible uses of the present invention result from the following description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawing.

Show it:

Figure 1

1 shows a possible embodiment of a radiator according to the invention with holders for drying bath towels, in a perspective view,

Figure 2

2 shows a section through a flow channel of the radiator according to FIG. 1 along the line C-C,

Figure 3

the view D of the flow channel according to FIG. 2,

Figure 4

another embodiment of a radiator according to the invention in a plan view,

Figure 5

one with regard to the management of the heat transfer medium 4 modified embodiment of a radiator according to the invention,

Figure 6

the view B of the radiator according to Figure 5 and

Figure 7

a section of the radiator according to Figure 5 along the line A-A.

The radiator 1 according to FIG. 1 has a circumferential throughflow channel 3 for the heat transfer medium, which at the same time forms an outer frame 4. The throughflow channel 3 consists of a flow-side distribution channel 3a, a return-side collection channel 3b, which in the embodiment chosen here are connected to one another via an angled upper section, and a basic section 3c which adjoins the generally vertical collection channel 3b and which in turn connects to the Distribution channel 3a connects. Between the generally vertical distributor and collecting ducts 3a, 3b, heating ducts 2 are arranged which are inclined by approximately 45 ° with respect to the horizontal. In the embodiment selected here, the heating channels 2 are designed as parallel individual tubes which are arranged at a lateral distance from one another and whose ends open into the throughflow channel 3. The upper part 2a of the heating channels 2 is provided for the flow with a flow direction of the heat transfer medium indicated by arrows with a filled arrowhead from bottom to top, while the lower part 2b of the heating channels 2 is used for the return with flow direction of the heat transfer medium from top to bottom . The return-side heating ducts 2b branch off from the collecting duct 3b in order to return downstream of the through-flow duct 3 into the basic horizontal section 3c of the through-flow duct 3.

The radiator 1, which is to be mounted in its upright position shown in FIG. 1, has in its upper region two holders 6 which are arranged at a lateral distance from one another and protrude from the heating ducts 2 at different heights, on which bath towels, hand towels or the like. can be hung to dry. As can be seen from FIG. 1, the brackets 6 are also designed as tubes which end with their ends in the distribution channel 3a and the collecting channel 3b and through which heat transfer medium flows.

3 baffles 5 are provided in the flow-through duct for a forced flow and separation of the flow through the flow-through and return-side heating ducts 2a, 2b. The design of these baffle plates 5 is shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. Thereafter, the baffle plates 5 have an approximately L-shaped cross section, with one leg welded to the inside of the flow channel 3 and with their leg coming to lie in the cross-sectional plane of the flow channel 3, a small gap to the one boundary wall of the flow channel 3 release to allow air to flow through and thus pressure equalization.

On the lower, horizontal section 3c of the flow channel 3 there is a flow-side connection 18 and a return-side connection 17 for connection to the pipe network of a central heating system. A third connection 19 can serve to receive an electrical heating cartridge. In addition, a vent valve 21 is provided at the highest point of the flow channel 3 in the installed position.

During operation of the radiator 1, the heating channels 2 arranged diagonally with respect to the frame 4 result in a uniform flow through the front and rear return-side heating channels 2a, 2b with heat transfer medium. The heat transfer medium entering the radiator 1 via the connection 18 flows vertically upwards in the distribution channel 3a, inevitably being distributed over the heating channels 2a branching obliquely upward from the distribution channel 3a and likewise over the tubular holders 6. The hot heat transfer medium rises in the heating channels 2a, heating the heating channels 2a. Then it is collected in the collecting channel 3b. The now cooled heat transfer medium then flows downward as a result of gravity in the collecting duct 3b, where it now flows through the return-side heating ducts 2b extending from top to bottom. The heat transfer medium then enters the basic section 3c of the collecting duct 3b and thereby releases part of its still existing thermal energy in order to finally flow back via connection 17 into the return of a pipe network (not shown) of a central heating system. This circulation of the heat transfer medium, indicated by arrows in FIG. 1, results in a generally uniform temperature distribution over the entire heating surface of the heating element 1 and thus also leads to a high heating output with regard to the drying of wet bath towels or the like. A convection of the radiator 1 for heating the room is not hindered by the towels suspended in front of the heating ducts 2 for drying. Compared to the known rung-shaped radiators, a significantly higher residence time of the heat transfer medium in the radiator is achieved, which also favors the heating output. Furthermore, the fact that the return-side heating ducts 2b are present in a smaller number than the flow-side heating ducts 2a results in homogeneous flow conditions, in particular the same flow velocities in the radiator 1, which also has a favorable effect on the heating output.

FIGS. 4 and 5 show an embodiment as a space heater 1 with two heater elements 7, 8 arranged one behind the other, each of which has an outer frame designed as a parallelogram and at the same time serving as a flow channel 20 for the heat transfer medium. Between the horizontally extending longitudinal sections of each of the two radiator elements 7, 8, the heating channels 9 and 10 extend obliquely from bottom to top, corresponding to the side sections of the respective radiator elements 7 and 8. The two radiator elements 7, 8 are of the same design, but by 180 ° arranged rotated against each other so that the heating channels 9 of the front radiator element 7 in FIGS. 4 and 5 run obliquely from bottom to top in the opposite direction relative to the heating channels 10 of the rear radiator element 8.

Both radiator elements 7, 8 have common connections 11, 12 for the supply and return of the heat transfer medium and are each provided with vent valves 21. For forced flow and separation of the flow through the flow and return heating channels 9, 10, as in the embodiment according to FIG. 1, baffles 5 are provided in the flow channel 20.

4, the flow-side or the return-side heating channels 9, 10 face each other, in the embodiment according to FIGS. 5 to 7 an opposite flow course of the heat transfer medium is achieved by the direction of flow of the heating elements 9, 10 of both radiator elements 7 crossing each other , 8 is opposite. By overlapping the flow-side heating channels 9 of the front radiator element 7 in FIG. 5 with the return-side heating channels 10 of the rear heating element 8 and vice versa, a uniform heat emission by radiation and convection is achieved.

In this embodiment according to Figure 5, both radiator elements 7, 8 have a common connection 11, 12 for forward and return. A first connecting channel 13 is provided for the return-side connection of the heating channels 9, 10 on both sides, which is located between the two heating element elements 7, 8, which are spaced apart from one another, in the region of the lower longitudinal section of their outer frame parts or the corresponding sections of their throughflow channels 20. A second connecting duct 15, which extends from the rear radiator element 8 in FIG. 5, opens into this connecting duct 13. A further connecting duct 16 finally extends into the connecting duct 13, which leads via the front radiator element 7 according to FIG. 5 to the return-side connection 12 and with openings 23 for a flow connection with the return-side heating channels 9 of this front radiator element 7 is provided. The flow-side heating channels 9, 10 of the two radiator elements 7, 8 are connected to one another via a further connecting channel 14 provided with openings 23, which extends through the connecting channel 13 provided for the return between the two radiator elements 7, 8. The construction of the connecting channels 14 to 16 as sleeves provided with openings 23 or bores has proven particularly favorable in terms of construction and assembly technology, the connecting channels 13 and 15 being closed off in a simple manner by means of blind plugs 22.

Reference list

1

- radiators

2nd

- heating channels

2a

- upstream heating ducts

2 B

- return-side heating channels

3rd

- flow channel

3a

- distribution channel

3b

- collecting channel

3c

- basic section

4th

- Frame

5

- jam

6

- Bracket

7

- radiator element

8th

- radiator element

9

- heating duct

10th

- heating duct

11

- connection

12th

- connection

13

- connecting channel

14

- connecting channel

15

- connecting channel

16

- connecting channel

17th

- connection

18th

- connection

19th

- connection

20th

- flow channel

21

- vent valve

22

- blind plug

23

- Openings

Claims (13)

1. Radiator with an outer frame (4) forming a throughflow channel (3; 20) and composed of at least four frame members disposed opposite one another in pairs, wherein one member of the frame (4) forms a distributor channel (3a) and a member of the frame (4) separated therefrom in terms of flow forms a collector channel (3b), with heating channels (2a, 2b; 9; 10) which run parallel to one another at the forward flow side and run parallel to one another at the return flow and which are connected with the frame members at an angle in such a manner that the flow direction in the heating channels (2; 9; 10) relative to the flow direction in the frame members in the region of the connecting locations extends at an angle different from 90°, and with a connection (18, 17; 11, 12) at the forward flow side and at the return flow side for the heat carrier medium, characterised thereby that the heating channels (2a, 2b; 9; 10) at the forward flow side and at the return flow side run parallel to one another and form a respective group, wherein the one group substantially fills out the one member of the frame (4) and the other group substantially fills out the other member of the frame (4).
2. Radiator according to claim 1, characterised thereby that the number of channels (2b; 9; 10) at the return flow side and/or the free channel cross-section is smaller than that or those of the heating channels (2a; 9; 10) at the forward flow side.
3. Radiator according to claim 1 or 2, characterised thereby that the heating channels (2; 9; 10) extend at an angle of 30° to 70° to the frame member which has the connection (18; 11) at the forward flow side.
4. Radiator according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised thereby that the separation of the distributor channel (3a; 20) and the collector channel (3b; 20) in terms of flow is formed by baffle or guide devices (5), such as for example baffle plates (5).
5. Radiator according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised thereby that the throughflow channel (3) is constructed preferably in the region of the connection (18) at the forward flow side with a receptacle (19) for the reception of an electrical heating device, for example a heating cartridge.
6. Radiator according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised thereby that at least one holder is provided, preferably arranged at the throughflow channel (3) or at the frame (4) and in a given case flowed through by the heat carrier medium, for a hand towel, bath towel or similar drying towel to be disposed at a spacing from the heating channels (2) (Figure 1).
7. Radiator according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterised thereby, that the heating channels (2b; 9; 10) at the return flow side and at least a part of the heating channels (2a; 9; 10) at the forward flow side are connected each time with adjacent frame members (Figure 1).
8. Radiator according to claim 7, characterised thereby that in terms of installation the one frame member, which is connected substantially with the ends - which are at the outlet side seen in flow direction - of the heating channels (2b; 9; 10) at the return flow side form the lower frame member.
9. Radiator according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterised thereby that the one ends of the heating channels (2a, 2b; 9; 10) at the forward flow side and at the return flow side are connected with the one frame member, and the other ends thereof are connected with the frame member opposite the one frame member (Figures 4 and 5).
10. Radiator according to claim 9, characterised thereby that in terms of installation the one frame member connected with the heating channels (2a, 2b; 9; 10) forms the lower frame member, which has the connections (17, 18; 11, 12) for the heat carrier medium.
11. Radiator according to claim 9, characterised thereby that two radiators according to claim 8 are provided, which form a first and a second radiator element (7, 8), the frames of which extend parallel to one another, wherein the heating channels (9) of the first radiator element (7) in projection cross the heating channels (10) of the second radiator element (8), and wherein an opposed flow direction is formed in the respectively crossing heating channels (9, 10) (Figures 4 and 5).
12. Radiator according to claim 11, characterised thereby that the heating channels (9), which are at the forward flow side, of the first radiator element (7) are disposed in the region of the heating channels (10), which are at the return flow side, of the second radiator element (8) and correspondingly the heating channels (9), which are at the return flow side, of the first radiator element (7) are disposed in the region of the heating channels (10), which are at the forward flow side, of the second radiator element (8) (Figure 5).
13. Radiator according to claim 11 or 12, characterised thereby that the two radiator elements (7, 8) with heat channels (9, 10) have common connections (11, 12) in a given case with connecting channels (13 to 16), for the forward flow and return flow of the heat carrier medium.

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