EP0472087B1 - Common node reactance network for a broadband cross beam lumped-element circulator - Google Patents

Common node reactance network for a broadband cross beam lumped-element circulator Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0472087B1
EP0472087B1 EP91113525A EP91113525A EP0472087B1 EP 0472087 B1 EP0472087 B1 EP 0472087B1 EP 91113525 A EP91113525 A EP 91113525A EP 91113525 A EP91113525 A EP 91113525A EP 0472087 B1 EP0472087 B1 EP 0472087B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
circulator
lumped
microstrip
circuit
conductive layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91113525A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0472087A2 (en
EP0472087A3 (en
Inventor
Mark A. Talcott
Kim Alt Poulson
Om P. Chandi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Raytheon Co
Original Assignee
Hughes Aircraft Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hughes Aircraft Co filed Critical Hughes Aircraft Co
Publication of EP0472087A2 publication Critical patent/EP0472087A2/en
Publication of EP0472087A3 publication Critical patent/EP0472087A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0472087B1 publication Critical patent/EP0472087B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/32—Non-reciprocal transmission devices
    • H01P1/38—Circulators
    • H01P1/383—Junction circulators, e.g. Y-circulators
    • H01P1/387—Strip line circulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/32—Non-reciprocal transmission devices
    • H01P1/38—Circulators

Definitions

  • the subject invention is generally directed to multiple port power directing circuits known as circulator circuits, and is directed more particularly to a relatively broad band lumped-element circulator circuit.
  • Circulator circuits are commonly utilized in microwave systems for directing microwave power between the components of a microwave system. For example, in radar systems, circulators used to couple a transmission signal to the radiating antenna and to direct any signals that are received by the same antenna to the receiver while also maintaining isolation between both functions.
  • ferrite microstrip designs present circulators used in microwave integrated circuits for microwave frequency operation include ferrite microstrip designs.
  • a consideration with ferrite microstrip designs include size, particularly for phased array modules.
  • Known circulators also include those known as "lumped-element" circulators which would have reduced size, relative to ferrite microstrip circulators, at microwave frequencies. However, the operating bandwidth of known lumped-element circulator designs at microwave frequencies would be significantly less than that of ferrite microstrip circulators.
  • Another advantage would be to provide a relatively broad band microwave circulator utilizing known lumped-element circulator designs.
  • a circulator according to the preamble of claim 1 is known from patent document US-E-RE 28998.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram depicting the operation of a circulator circuit.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate a first implementation of a circulator circuit in accordance with the invention.
  • FIGS. 4, 5, and 6 illustrate a second implementation of a circulator circuit in accordance with the invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating an equivalent circuit of the circulator circuit illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3, and the circulator circuit in FIGS. 4, 5, and 6.
  • FIG. 1 shown therein is a schematic representation of the ideal operation of a three port circulator circuit 10.
  • the circulator has zero reflection at all ports and zero insertion loss in forward direction. As indicated in FIG. 1, such forward direction is from port 1 to port 2, from port 2 to port 3, and from port 3 to port 1. Further, the circulator ideally provides infinite isolation in the reverse direction. As indicated in FIG. 1, that reverse direction is from port 1 to port 3, from port 2 to port 1, and from port 3 to port 2.
  • the circulator circuit includes an alumina substrate 11 that supports a common node reactance circuit and a lumped-element circulator that is coupled to ground via the series resonant circuit.
  • the series common node reactance circuit includes a parallel plate capacitor and microstrip line inductances.
  • An equilaterally triangularly shaped metallized area 13 formed on the alumina substrate 11 forms the first plate of the capacitor.
  • the second plate of the capacitor is part of the structure comprising the lumped-element circulator and is discussed further below.
  • Microstrip line inductances 15a, 15b, 15c extend radially from the vertices of the metallized area 13 and are uniformly spaced about the metallized area 13.
  • the ends of the inductances are connected to respective grounding pins 17a, 17b, 17c that extend downwardly through the substrate 11 and are electrically connected to a metallized area 19 on the bottom of the substrate 11.
  • the metallized area 19 comprises the ground plane for the microstrip circuitry disposed on the substrate 11.
  • Supporting ridges 21 are disposed adjacent the respective sides of the metallized area 13 for separating such metallized area from the second plate of the coupling capacitor that comprises a metallized layer 28 formed on the bottom of the structure comprising the lumped-element circulator.
  • the metallized area 13 that comprises the first plate of the coupling capacitor and the microstrip line inductances 15 are formed pursuant to thin film photolithographic techniques, and the supporting ridges 21 comprise regions of developed photoresist.
  • the lumped-element circulator includes a ferrite disk 23 and three microstrip conductors 25a, 25b, 25c symmetrically deposited on the ferrite disk 23.
  • Each microstrip conductor comprises first and second parallel strips that are commonly connected at each end. To maintain symmetry, the strips of the microstrip conductors are interwoven at the central area of the ferrite disk.
  • the first ends of the microstrip conductors are connected to respective grounding straps 27a, 27b, 27c that extend down the side of the ferrite disk 23 to a metallization layer 28 formed on the bottom of the ferrite disk 23.
  • the second ends of the microstrip conductors are connected to respective terminating metallization areas 29a, 29b, 29c which are electrically connected to respective 50 ohm microstrip 31a, 31b, 31c via respective bonding strips 33a, 33b, 33c.
  • the interwoven microstrip elements are separated from each other by appropriate dielectric layers (not shown), and the crossing portions of the conductors comprise coupling capacitances between the respective crossing microstrip lines.
  • the assembly comprising the ferrite disk 23 and the components disposed thereon is bonded onto the substrate 11 by an adhesive layer 35 which further functions as the dielectric between the plates of the parallel plate coupling capacitor that includes the metallization area 13 disposed on the substrate 11 and the metallization layer 28 disposed on the bottom of the ferrite disk 23.
  • the support ridges 21 maintain the separation between the capacitor plates comprising the metallization area 13 formed on the substrate 11 and the metallization layer 28 formed on the bottom of the ferrite disk 23.
  • the lumped-element circulator further includes a biasing magnet for providing a biasing magnetic field H dc .
  • the conductor and dielectric layers on the top side of the ferrite disk 23 are made with thin-film photolithographic techniques, with several steps being utilized to accomplish the dielectric and conductor crossover areas.
  • the bottom side of the ferrite disk 23 is also metallized using thin-film metallization techniques.
  • the circulator assembly which includes a common node reactance circuit and a lumped-element circulator are inserted in a bore formed in a substrate 111 and are supported by a metal carrier 136.
  • the common node reactance circuit includes a microstrip parallel plate capacitor and a microstrip line inductance.
  • a metallized notched circular area 113 comprising the first plate of the capacitor is formed on the bottom side of a dielectric disk 211.
  • a microstrip line inductance 115 extends radially outward from the notch of the metallized notched circular area 113 to the edge of the dielectric disk 211.
  • the top side of a dielectric disk 211 has a metallization layer 116 comprising the second plate of the capacitor of the common node reactance circuit.
  • the top side of dielectric disk 211 is metallized using thin-film metallization techniques, and the metallization pattern on the bottom side of dielectric disk 211 is formed with thin-film photolithographic techniques.
  • the lumped-element circulator incudes a ferrite disk 123 and three microstrip conductors 125 symmetrically deposited on the ferrite disk 123.
  • Each microstrip conductor comprises first and second parallel strips that are commonly connected at each end. To maintain symmetry, the strips of microstrip conductors are interwoven at the central area of the ferrite disk.
  • the first ends of the microstrip conductors are connected to respective grounding straps 127 that extend down the side of the ferrite disk 123 to a metallization layer 128 formed on the bottom of the bottom of the ferrite disk 123.
  • the second ends of the microstrip conductors are connected to respective terminating metallization areas 129 which are electrically connected to respective 50 ohm microstrips 131 via respective bonding strips 133.
  • the interwoven microstrip elements are separated from each other by appropriate dielectric layers (not shown), and the crossing portions of the conductors comprise coupling capacitances between the respective crossing microstrip lines.
  • the conductor and dielectric layers on the top side of the ferrite disk 123 are made with thin-film photolithographic techniques, with several steps being utilized to accomplish the dielectric and conductor crossover areas.
  • the bottom side of the ferrite disk 123 is metallized using thin-film metallization techniques.
  • the lumped-element circulator circuit and the common node reactance circuit are jointed using conductive epoxy.
  • the metallization layer 128 of the ferrite disk 123 is attached to the top side metallization layer 116 of the dielectric disk 211 with a conductive epoxy layer 130.
  • the assembly comprising the common node reactance circuit and the lumped-element circulator circuit are aligned within the bore of the alumina substrate 111 and attached to the metal carrier 136 using a eutectic solder layer 137.
  • the diameter of the bore 138 in the metal carrier allows metallization tabs 135 and the end of microstrip line inductance 115 on the bottom side of dielectric disk 211 to be attached to the metal carrier 136 by the solder layer 137. This attachment electrically connects the microstrip line inductance 115 to the common ground plane 119.
  • the lumped-element circulator further includes a biasing magnet for providing a biasing magnetic field H dc .
  • FIG. 7 shown therein is a circuit schematic of an equivalent circuit of the broad band circulator circuit of the invention.
  • the lumped-element circulator is represented by the lumped-element circulator equivalent circuit elements 57, 58, 59, and 60.
  • the inductances 57 represent the parallel split microstrip effective loaded inductances
  • the capacitors 58 are the equivalent coupling capacitances formed by the central microstrip crossings.
  • the inductances 60 are the end tab inductances and the resistors 59 represent the equivalent microstrip resistance losses.
  • the coupling capacitor and series inductance of the common node reactance circuit are represented by a capacitor 53 that is in series with an inductor 55.
  • a capacitor 56 in parallel with the inductor 55 represents stray capacitance.
  • the field polarized in the direction of the precession angle will experience interaction with the ferrite material properties and the oppositely polarized field will have little or no interaction.
  • the material interactions produce separate resonant frequencies for the two oppositely directed, circularly polarized magnetic fields.
  • the separate resonant frequencies will cause a rotation of the linear field that results from the combination of the two counter rotating, circularly polarized fields.
  • the magnetically biased ferrite core rotates the incoming (i.e., disturbing) magnetic field such that the magnetic field lines parallel (i.e., isolate) one of the lumped-element circulator microstrips and cross (i.e., couple) the remaining microstrips.
  • the lumped-element circular circulation is achieved by a non-reciprocal inductive coupling due to the magnetically biased ferrite core of the microstrip coils.
  • a magnetic field incident at port 1 is rotated by the ferrite core, providing maximum magnetic induction between the conductive microstrip coils connected to ports 1 and 2, while maintaining minimum magnetic induction to the conductive microstrip coil connected to port 3.
  • the crossing conductor proximity of the lumped-element circulator design allows for tight magnetic coupling between the respective conductive microstrip coils.

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  • Non-Reversible Transmitting Devices (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
EP91113525A 1990-08-15 1991-08-12 Common node reactance network for a broadband cross beam lumped-element circulator Expired - Lifetime EP0472087B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US56837890A 1990-08-15 1990-08-15
US568378 1990-08-15

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0472087A2 EP0472087A2 (en) 1992-02-26
EP0472087A3 EP0472087A3 (en) 1992-11-25
EP0472087B1 true EP0472087B1 (en) 1997-10-01

Family

ID=24271036

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91113525A Expired - Lifetime EP0472087B1 (en) 1990-08-15 1991-08-12 Common node reactance network for a broadband cross beam lumped-element circulator

Country Status (8)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0472087B1 (ja)
JP (1) JPH0595207A (ja)
KR (1) KR930010678B1 (ja)
AU (1) AU640811B2 (ja)
CA (1) CA2048537A1 (ja)
DE (1) DE69127793T2 (ja)
ES (1) ES2109247T3 (ja)
IL (1) IL99092A (ja)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2571526C1 (ru) * 2014-10-06 2015-12-20 Российская Федерация, от имени которой выступает Государственная корпорация по атомной энергии "Росатом" Циркулятор на сосредоточенных элементах с двукратным изменением направления циркуляции

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3147615B2 (ja) * 1993-10-12 2001-03-19 株式会社村田製作所 高周波用非可逆回路素子
JP3196491B2 (ja) * 1994-05-12 2001-08-06 株式会社村田製作所 非可逆回路素子
US6263220B1 (en) * 1997-03-11 2001-07-17 Com Dev Ltd. Non-etched high power HTS circuits and method of construction thereof
JP3405297B2 (ja) * 1999-11-30 2003-05-12 株式会社村田製作所 非可逆回路素子、非可逆回路および通信装置
KR100684148B1 (ko) * 2005-11-03 2007-02-20 한국전자통신연구원 디지털 방식으로 제어되는 서큘레이터 및 그를 구비하는무선주파수 식별 리더
JP4900604B2 (ja) * 2007-09-26 2012-03-21 Ｔｄｋ株式会社 非可逆回路素子
CN105226358A (zh) * 2015-10-30 2016-01-06 世达普(苏州)通信设备有限公司 具有宽带匹配的微波带状传输线环行器
KR102291005B1 (ko) * 2018-11-27 2021-08-19 한양대학교 산학협력단 이차전지용 음극소재의 제조방법
KR102364127B1 (ko) * 2018-12-31 2022-02-17 (주) 세이크 실리카 에어로겔 유사체가 포함된 폴리우레탄 복합 발포체 및 이의 제조방법
CN113381151B (zh) * 2021-06-18 2023-05-05 中国电子科技集团公司第九研究所 一种小型化微带环行器电路及由该电路组成的环行器

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3517340A (en) * 1968-12-23 1970-06-23 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Circulator having conductive post capacitively coupled between first and second transmission line conductors for broadbanding purposes
JPS5250495B2 (ja) * 1972-03-31 1977-12-24
JPS5232713B2 (ja) * 1972-05-24 1977-08-23
JPS4975049A (ja) * 1972-11-22 1974-07-19
JPS63299501A (ja) * 1987-05-29 1988-12-07 Nec Corp 集中定数型サ−キュレ−タ

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2571526C1 (ru) * 2014-10-06 2015-12-20 Российская Федерация, от имени которой выступает Государственная корпорация по атомной энергии "Росатом" Циркулятор на сосредоточенных элементах с двукратным изменением направления циркуляции

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0472087A2 (en) 1992-02-26
ES2109247T3 (es) 1998-01-16
IL99092A0 (en) 1992-07-15
KR920005405A (ko) 1992-03-28
KR930010678B1 (ko) 1993-11-05
DE69127793T2 (de) 1998-01-15
EP0472087A3 (en) 1992-11-25
DE69127793D1 (de) 1997-11-06
IL99092A (en) 1995-06-29
JPH0595207A (ja) 1993-04-16
CA2048537A1 (en) 1992-02-16
AU8248291A (en) 1992-02-27
AU640811B2 (en) 1993-09-02

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