IL99092A - Common mode reactance netword for a broadband cross beam lumped element circulator - Google Patents
Common mode reactance netword for a broadband cross beam lumped element circulatorInfo
- Publication number
- IL99092A IL99092A IL9909291A IL9909291A IL99092A IL 99092 A IL99092 A IL 99092A IL 9909291 A IL9909291 A IL 9909291A IL 9909291 A IL9909291 A IL 9909291A IL 99092 A IL99092 A IL 99092A
- Authority
- IL
- Israel
- Prior art keywords
- circulator
- microstrip
- conductive layer
- lumped
- conductors
- Prior art date
Links
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 15
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 101000686915 Homo sapiens Reticulophagy regulator 2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100024733 Reticulophagy regulator 2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- MGIUUAHJVPPFEV-ABXDCCGRSA-N magainin ii Chemical compound C([C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)CN)[C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1NC=NC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 MGIUUAHJVPPFEV-ABXDCCGRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002120 photoresistant polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
- H01P1/32—Non-reciprocal transmission devices
- H01P1/38—Circulators
- H01P1/383—Junction circulators, e.g. Y-circulators
- H01P1/387—Strip line circulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
- H01P1/32—Non-reciprocal transmission devices
- H01P1/38—Circulators
Landscapes
- Non-Reversible Transmitting Devices (AREA)
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
Description
COMMON NODE REACTANCE NETWORK FOR A BROADBAND CROSS BEAM LUMPED ELEMENT CIRCULATOR.
HUGHES AIRCRAFT COMPANY C: 13289 COMMON NODE REACTANCE NETWORK FOR A BROADBAND CROSS BEAM LUMPED-ELEMENT CIRCULATOR BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The subject invention is generally directed to multiple port power directing circuits known as circulator circuits, and is directed more particularly to a relatively broad band lumped-element circulator circuit.
Circulator circuits are commonly utilized in microwave systems- for directing microwave power between the components of a microwave system. For example, in radar sys-terns, circulators used to couple a transmission signal to the radiating antenna and to direct any signals that are received by the same antenna to the receiver while also maintaining isolation between both functions.
Present circulators used in microwave integrated circuits for microwave frequency operation include ferrite microstrip designs. A consideration for ferrite micro-strip designs include size, particularly for phased array modules .
Known circulators also include those known as "lumped-element" circulators which would have reduced size, relative to ferrite microstrip circulators, at microwave frequencies. However, the operating bandwidth of known lumped-element circulator designs at microwave frequencies would be significantly less than that of ferrite microstrip circulators.
The following references disclose microstrip circulators and lumped-element circulators: 1. "On Stripline Y-Circulation at UHF," H. Bosma, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Tech., Vol. MTT-12, pp 61-72, Jan. 1964. 2. "Lumped Element Y Circulator," Y. Konishi, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Tech., Vol. MTT-13, pp 852-865, Nov. 1965. 3. "Resonance Isolator and Y-Circulator with Lumped-Elements at VHF," J. Deutsch and B. iesser, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol. MAG-2, pp 278-282, Sept. 1966. 4. "A Compact Broad-Band Thin-Film Lumped-Element L-Band Circulator," R.H. Knerr, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Tech., Vol. MTT-18, pp 1100-1108, Dec. 1970. 5. "An Improved Equivalent Circuit for the Thin-Film Lumped-Element Circulator," R.H. Knerr, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Tech., Vol. MTT-20, pp 446-452, July 1972. 6. "A 4-GHz Lumped-Element Circulator," R.H. Knerr, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Tech., Vol. MTT-16, pp 150-151, Mar. 1973. 7. "Wideband Operation of Microstrip Circulators," Y.S. Wu and F.J. Rosenbaum, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Tech., Vol. MTT-22, pp 849-856, Oct. 1974. 8. "Bidirectional Thin-Film Lumped Element Circulator," M. Kitlinski, Electronic Letters, Vol. 10, No. 6, 1974. 9. "The Frequency Behavior of Stripline Circulator Junctions," S. Ayter and Y. Ayasli, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Tech., Vol. MTT-26, pp 197-202, Mar. 1978. 10. "Broad-Band Stripline Circulators Based on YIG and Li-Ferrite Single Crystals," E. Schloemann and R.E. Blight, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Tech., Vol. MTT-34, pp 1394-1400, Dec. 1986. 11. "Circulators for Microwave and Millimeter Wave Integrated Circuits," E.F. Schloemann, Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 76, pp 188-200, Feb. 1988. 12. "Multiport Lumped Element Circulators," M. Kitlinski, Technical University of Gdansk, Telecommunications Institute 80-852 Gdansk, Majakowskiego 11/12, Poland.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It would therefore be an advantage to provide a microwave circulator circuit having reduced size and relatively broad bandwidth.
Another advantage would be to provide a relatively broad band microwave circulator utilizing known lumped-element circulator designs.
The foregoing and other advantages are provided by the invention in a circulator circuit for use in a microwave circuit that includes a lumped-element circulator and a common node reactance network for coupling the lumped-element circulator to the common ground plane of the microwave circuit.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The advantages and features of the disclosed invention will readily be appreciated by persons skilled in the art from the following detailed description when read in conjunction with the drawing wherein: FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram depicting the operation of a circulator circuit.
FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate a first implementation of a circulator circuit in accordance with the invention.
FIGS. 4, 5, and 6 illustrate a second implementation of a circulator circuit in accordance with the invention. 099092/2 FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating an equivalent circuit of the circulator circuit illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3, and the circulator circuit in FIGS. 4, 5, and 6.
· DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DISCLOSURE In the following detailed description and in the several figures of the drawing, like elements are identified with like reference numerals.
Referring now to FIG. 1, shown therein is a schematic representation of the ideal operation of a three port circulator circuit 10. Ideally, the circulator has zero reflection at all ports and zero insertion loss in forward direction. As indicated in FIG. 1, such forward direction is from port 1 to port 2, from port 2 to port 3, and from port 3 to port 1. Further, the circulator ideally provides infinite isolation in the reverse direction. As indicated in FIG. lf> that reverse direction is from port 1 to port 3, from port 2 to port 1, and from port 3 to port 2.
Referring now to FIGS. 2 and 3, shown therein is a implementation of a circulator circuit in accordance with the invention. The circulator circuit includes an alumina substrate 11 that supports a common node reactance circuit and a lumped-element circulator that is coupled to ground via the series resonant circuit.
The series common node reactance circuit includes a parallel plate capacitor and icrostrip line inductances. An equilaterally triangularly shaped metallized area 13 formed on the alumina substrate 11 forms the first plate of the capacitor. The second plate of the capacitor is part of the structure comprising the lumped-element circulator and is discussed further below. Microstrip line inductances 15a, 15b, 15c extend radially from the vertices of the metallized area 13 and are uniformly spaced about the metallized area 13. The ends of the inductances are connected to respective grounding pins 17a, 17b, 17c that extend downwardly through the substrate 11 and are electrically connected to a metallized area 19 on the bottom of the substrate 11. The metallized area 19 comprises the ground plane for the microstrip circuitry disposed on the substrate 11.
Supporting ridges 21 are disposed adjacent the respective sides of the metallized area 13 for separating such metallized area from the second plate of the coupling capacitor that comprises a metallized layer 28 formed on the bottom of the structure comprising the lumped-element circulator.
By way of example, the metallized area 13 that comprises the first plate of the coupling capacitor and the microstrip line inductances 15 are formed pursuant to thin film photolithographic techniques, and the supporting ridges 21 comprise regions of developed photoresist.
The lumped-element circulator includes a ferrite disk 23 and three microstrip conductors 25a, 25b, 25c symmetri-cally deposited on the ferrite disk 23. Each microstrip conductor comprises first and second parallel strips that are commonly connected at each end. To maintain symmetry, the strips of the microstrip conductors are interwoven at the central area of the ferrite disk.
The first ends of the microstrip conductors are connected to respective grounding straps 27a, 27b, 27c that extend down the side of the ferrite disk 23 to a metallization layer 28 formed on the bottom of the ferrite disk 23. The second ends of the microstrip conductors are connected to respective terminating metallization areas 29a, 29b, 29c which are electrically connected to respective 50 ohm microstrip 31a, 31b, 31c via respective bonding strips 33a, 33b, 33c. The interwoven microstrip elements are separated from each other by appropriate dielectric layers (not shown) , and the crossing portions of the conductors com- prise coupling capacitances between the respective crossing microstrip lines.
The assembly comprising the ferrite disk 23 and the components disposed thereon is bonded onto the substrate 11 by an adhesive layer 35 which further functions as the dielectric between the plates of the parallel plate coupling capacitor that includes the metallization area 13 disposed on the substrate 11 and the metallization layer 28 disposed on the bottom of the ferrite disk 23. As discussed above, the support ridges 21 maintain the separation between the capacitor plates comprising the metallization area 13 formed on the substrate 11 and the metallization layer 28 formed on the bottom of the ferrite disk 23.
The lumped-element circulator further includes a biasing magnet for providing a biasing magnetic field Hdc.
The conductor and dielectric layers on the top side of the ferrite disk 23 are made with thin-film photolithographic technigues, with several steps being utilized to accomplish the dielectric and conductor crossover areas. The bottom side of the ferrite disk 23 is also metallized using thin-film metallization techniques.
Referring now to FIGS. 4, 5 and 6, shown therein is a further implementation of a circulator circuit in accordance with the invention. The circulator assembly which incudes a common node reactance circuit and a lumped-element circulator are inserted in a bore formed in a substrate 111 and are supported by a metal carrier 136.
The common node reactance circuit includes a micro-strip parallel plate capacitor and a microstrip line inductance. A metallized notched circular area 113 comprising the first plate of the capacitor is formed on the bottom side of a dielectric disk 211. A microstrip line inductance 115 extends radially outward from the notch of the metallized notched circular area 113 to the edge of the dielectric disk 211. The top side of a dielectric disk 211 has a metallization layer 116 comprising the second plate of the capacitor of the common node reactance circuit.
The top side of dielectric disk 211 is metallized using thin-film metallization techniques, and the metallization pattern on the bottom side of dielectric disk 211 is formed with thin-film photolithographic techniques.
The lumped-element circulator incudes a ferrite disk 123 and three microstrip conductors 125 symmetrically deposited on the ferrite disk 123. Each microstrip conductor comprises first and second parallel strips that are commonly connected at each end. To maintain symmetry, the strips of microstrip conductors are interwoven at the central area of the ferrite disk. The first ends of the microstrip conductors are connected to respective grounding straps 127 that extend down the side of the ferrite disk 123 to a metallization layer 128 formed on the bottom of the bottom of the ferrite disk 123. The second ends of the microstrip conductors are connected to respective terminating metallization areas 129 which are electrically connected to respective 50 ohm microstrips 131 via respective bonding strips 133. The interwoven microstrip elements are separated from each other by appropriate dielectric layers (not shown) , and the crossing portions of the conductors comprise coupling capacitances between the respective crossing microstrip lines.
The conductor and dielectric layers on the top side of the ferrite disk 123 are made with thin-film photolithographic techniques, with several steps being utilized to accomplish the dielectric and conductor crossover areas. The bottom side of the ferrite disk 123 is metallized using thin-film metallization techniques.
The lumped-element circulator circuit and the common node reactance circuit are jointed using conductive epoxy. In particular, the metallization layer 128 of the ferrite disk 123 is attached to the top side metallization layer 099092/2 8 116 of the dielectric disk 211 with a conductive epoxy layer 130. The assembly comprising the common node reactance circuit and the lumped-element circulator circuit are aligned within the bore of the alumina substrate 111 and attached to the metal carrier 136 using a eutectic solder layer 137. The diameter of the bore 138 in the metal carrier allows metallization tabs 135 and the end of microstrip line inductance 115 on the bottom side of dielectric disk 211 to be attached to the metal carrier 136 by the solder layer 137. This attachment electrically connects the microstrip line inductance 115 to the common ground plane 119.
The lumped-element circulator further includes a biasing magnet for providing a biasing magnetic field Hdc.
Referring now to FIG. 7, shown therein is a circuit schematic of an equivalent circuit of the broad band circulator circuit of the invention. The lumped-element circulator is represented by the lumped-element circulator equivalent circuit elements 57, 58, 59, and 60. The inductances 57 represent the parallel split microstrip effective loaded inductances, and the capacitors 58 are the equivalent coupling capacitances formed by the central microstrip crossings. The inductances 60 are the end tab inductances and the resistors 59 represent the equivalent microstrip resistance losses.
The coupling capacitor and series inductance of the common node reactance circuit are represented by a capacitor 53 that is in series with an inductor 55. A capacitor 56 in parallel with the inductor 55 represents stray capacitance.
To understand the operation of the invention, a brief description of the lumped-element circulator will be presented. To understand how circulation, forward coupling and reverse isolation are achieved in the lumped-element circulator, ferrite properties need to be considered.
Under the influence of a DC biasing magnetic field Hdc an electron in a ferrite will tend to align its axis of angular rotation in the direction of the biasing magnetic field. If a disturbing magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the direction of the biasing field, the electron will precess about its alignment axis until the damping mechanisms of the ferrite establish an equilibrium precession orbit. In the case of two oppositely directed, circularly polarized fields, the field polarized in the direction of the precession angle will experience interaction with the ferrite material properties and the oppositely polarized field will have little or no interaction. The material interactions produce separate resonant frequencies for the two oppositely directed, circularly polarized magnetic fields. The separate resonant frequencies will cause a rotation of the linear field that results from the combination of the two counter rotating, circularly polarized fields.
The magnetically biased ferrite core rotates the incoming (i.e., disturbing) magnetic field such that the magnetic field lines parallel (i.e., isolate) one of the lumped-element circulator microstrips and cross (i.e., couple) the remaining microstrips. The lumped-element circular circulation is achieved by a non-reciprocal inductive coupling due to the magnetically biased ferrite core of the microstrip coils. For example, a magnetic field incident at port 1 is rotated by the ferrite core, providing maximum magnetic induction between the conductive microstrip coils connected to ports 1 and 2, while maintaining minimum magnetic induction to the conductive microstrip coil connected to port 3. Also, note that the crossing conductor proximity of the lumped-element circulator design allows for tight magnetic coupling between the respective conductive microstrip coils.
In references cited in the preceding background section, it has been demonstrated that the performance of a three port lumped-element circulator may be analyzed by the characteristic eigen values of the equivalent lumped-element model. The positive and negative rotating eigen values have been shown to be dependent on the ferrite properties and the resonating structure of the interwoven split conductors. The non-rotating eigen value, the bandwidth limiting factor, has been shown to be uniquely controlled by a coupling network that is common to all three conductive coils of the lumped-element circulator. With the addition of the invention, a resonating common node reactance network, increased control is allowed of the non-rotating eigen value.
Set forth below relative to the equivalent circuit of FIG. 7 are circuit values for an illustrative example of a circulator circuit in accordance with the invention for a ferrite disk having a magnetic saturation (47rMs) of 3125 gauss, a line width (ΔΗ) of 150 oe, and a biasing internal field of 2325 oe.
Inductances 57 : 0. 46 nH Resistors 59: 1 Ω Capacitances 58: 0. 03 pF Capacitance 53: 2. 13 pF Inductance 55: 0. 214 nH Capacitance 56: 0. 0 pF Inductances 60: 0. 03 nH With the foregoing example, at a center frequency of 9.75 GHz, a bandwidth of 7.5 GHz was achieved with isolation greater than or equal to 20 dB and insertion loss less than or equal to 0.5 dB. Relative to performance of known lumped-element circulators, this example of a circulator in accordance with the invention achieves five-fold improvement.
The foregoing has been a disclosure of a circulator circuit that advantageously operates at microwave frequencies with greater than an octave operating bandwidth at a considerably reduced size.
Although the foregoing has been a description and illustration of specific embodiments of the invention, various modifications and changes thereto can be made by persons skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention as defined by the following claims.
Claims (3)
1. A circulator circuit for use in a microwave circuit having a common ground plane, comprising: a ferrite disk having first and second parallel sides; a plurality of microstrip conductors symmetrically disposed on the first of said parallel sides of said ferrite disk, each of said conductors comprising first and second parallel strips commonly connected at each end wherein said strips of microstrip conductors are interwoven at a central area of said ferrite disk to maintain symmetry, and each of said conductors having a first end and a second end, the first ends of said conductors comprising ports of the circulator circuit; a first conductive layer disposed on the second of said parallel sides of said ferrite disk; means for electrically connecting said second ends of said conductors to said conductive layer; a second conductive layer dielectrically separated from said first conductive layer, and forming a capacitor with said first conductive layer; and microstrip line inductance means electrically connected between said second conductive layer and to the common ground plane; wherein said first and second conductive layers are made with thin-film photolithographic techniques.
2. The circulator circuit of claim 1 wherein said second conductive layer and said microstrip line inductance means are disposed on a substrate that supports said ferrite disk. 99092/2
3. The circulator circuit of claim 1 wherein said second conductance layer and said microstrip line inductance means are disposed on a dielectric disk that is secured to said first conductive layer. For the Applicant, & Co.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US56837890A | 1990-08-15 | 1990-08-15 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| IL99092A0 IL99092A0 (en) | 1992-07-15 |
| IL99092A true IL99092A (en) | 1995-06-29 |
Family
ID=24271036
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| IL9909291A IL99092A (en) | 1990-08-15 | 1991-08-05 | Common mode reactance netword for a broadband cross beam lumped element circulator |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0472087B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH0595207A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR930010678B1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU640811B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2048537A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69127793T2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2109247T3 (en) |
| IL (1) | IL99092A (en) |
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3147615B2 (en) * | 1993-10-12 | 2001-03-19 | 株式会社村田製作所 | Non-reciprocal circuit element for high frequency |
| JP3196491B2 (en) * | 1994-05-12 | 2001-08-06 | 株式会社村田製作所 | Non-reciprocal circuit device |
| US6263220B1 (en) * | 1997-03-11 | 2001-07-17 | Com Dev Ltd. | Non-etched high power HTS circuits and method of construction thereof |
| JP3405297B2 (en) * | 1999-11-30 | 2003-05-12 | 株式会社村田製作所 | Non-reciprocal circuit device, non-reciprocal circuit and communication device |
| KR100684148B1 (en) * | 2005-11-03 | 2007-02-20 | 한국전자통신연구원 | Digitally controlled circulator and radio frequency identification reader having the same |
| JP4900604B2 (en) * | 2007-09-26 | 2012-03-21 | Ｔｄｋ株式会社 | Non-reciprocal circuit element |
| RU2571526C1 (en) * | 2014-10-06 | 2015-12-20 | Российская Федерация, от имени которой выступает Государственная корпорация по атомной энергии "Росатом" | Circulator on lumped elements with double change of circulation direction |
| CN105226358A (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2016-01-06 | 世达普(苏州)通信设备有限公司 | There is the microwave strip transmission line circulator of Broadband Matching |
| KR102291005B1 (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2021-08-19 | 한양대학교 산학협력단 | Method for producing anode material for secondary battery |
| KR102364127B1 (en) * | 2018-12-31 | 2022-02-17 | (주) 세이크 | Polyurethane Composite Foam Having Silica Aerogel And The Method Thereof |
| CN113381151B (en) * | 2021-06-18 | 2023-05-05 | 中国电子科技集团公司第九研究所 | Miniaturized microstrip circulator circuit and circulator composed of same |
| US20260081337A1 (en) * | 2024-05-01 | 2026-03-19 | Northrop Grumman Systems Corporation | Coupling resonators with widely separated overtones |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3517340A (en) * | 1968-12-23 | 1970-06-23 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Circulator having conductive post capacitively coupled between first and second transmission line conductors for broadbanding purposes |
| JPS5250495B2 (en) * | 1972-03-31 | 1977-12-24 | ||
| JPS5232713B2 (en) * | 1972-05-24 | 1977-08-23 | ||
| JPS4975049A (en) * | 1972-11-22 | 1974-07-19 | ||
| JPS63299501A (en) * | 1987-05-29 | 1988-12-07 | Nec Corp | Lumped constant type circulator |
-
1991
- 1991-08-05 IL IL9909291A patent/IL99092A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-08-07 CA CA002048537A patent/CA2048537A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1991-08-12 ES ES91113525T patent/ES2109247T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-08-12 EP EP91113525A patent/EP0472087B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-08-12 DE DE69127793T patent/DE69127793T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-08-14 KR KR1019910014014A patent/KR930010678B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-08-14 AU AU82482/91A patent/AU640811B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1991-08-14 JP JP3204395A patent/JPH0595207A/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0472087B1 (en) | 1997-10-01 |
| JPH0595207A (en) | 1993-04-16 |
| DE69127793D1 (en) | 1997-11-06 |
| KR930010678B1 (en) | 1993-11-05 |
| DE69127793T2 (en) | 1998-01-15 |
| KR920005405A (en) | 1992-03-28 |
| AU640811B2 (en) | 1993-09-02 |
| EP0472087A3 (en) | 1992-11-25 |
| ES2109247T3 (en) | 1998-01-16 |
| EP0472087A2 (en) | 1992-02-26 |
| IL99092A0 (en) | 1992-07-15 |
| CA2048537A1 (en) | 1992-02-16 |
| AU8248291A (en) | 1992-02-27 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Schloemann | Circulators for microwave and millimeter-wave integrated circuits | |
| Maloratsky | Passive RF and microwave integrated circuits | |
| JP3120985B2 (en) | Track transformer | |
| US5223805A (en) | Common node reactance network for a broadband cross beam lumped-element circulator | |
| EP0472087B1 (en) | Common node reactance network for a broadband cross beam lumped-element circulator | |
| US3334317A (en) | Ferrite stripline circulator having closed magnetic loop path and centrally located, conductive foil overlying radially extending center conductors | |
| US6107895A (en) | Circulator and components thereof | |
| US5347241A (en) | Dual junction back-to-back microstrip four-port circulators | |
| US4749966A (en) | Millimeter wave microstrip circulator | |
| US6433649B2 (en) | Non-reciprocal circuit element and millimeter-wave hybrid integrated circuit board with the non-reciprocal circuit element | |
| US4020429A (en) | High power radio frequency tunable circuits | |
| US4543543A (en) | Magnetically tuned resonant circuit | |
| US4920323A (en) | Miniature circulators for monolithic microwave integrated circuits | |
| US3448409A (en) | Integrated microwave circulator and filter | |
| US3467918A (en) | Microstrip junction circulator wherein the ferrite body is disposed on the dielectric slab | |
| US4761621A (en) | Circulator/isolator resonator | |
| US4521753A (en) | Tuned resonant circuit utilizing a ferromagnetically coupled interstage line | |
| US7078983B2 (en) | Low-profile circulator | |
| US3517340A (en) | Circulator having conductive post capacitively coupled between first and second transmission line conductors for broadbanding purposes | |
| US5603098A (en) | Integrated radiating and coupling device for duplex communications | |
| US4704588A (en) | Microstrip circulator with ferrite and resonator in printed circuit laminate | |
| US20020039054A1 (en) | Confined-flux ferrite structure for circulator/isolator | |
| US5309127A (en) | Planar tunable YIG filter | |
| US6621385B1 (en) | Bias feed network arrangement for balanced lines | |
| Okamura et al. | VHF-and UHF-Band Stacked-Junction Circulators (Correspondence) |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| KB | Patent renewed | ||
| HC | Change of name of proprietor(s) | ||
| KB | Patent renewed | ||
| KB | Patent renewed | ||
| KB | Patent renewed | ||
| EXP | Patent expired |