EP0472016B1 - Verfahren zur Schlupfregelung an einer Würfelpresse und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens - Google Patents

Verfahren zur Schlupfregelung an einer Würfelpresse und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0472016B1
EP0472016B1 EP91112845A EP91112845A EP0472016B1 EP 0472016 B1 EP0472016 B1 EP 0472016B1 EP 91112845 A EP91112845 A EP 91112845A EP 91112845 A EP91112845 A EP 91112845A EP 0472016 B1 EP0472016 B1 EP 0472016B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
control
slip
signal
speed
press
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91112845A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0472016A2 (de
EP0472016A3 (en
Inventor
Willi Wetzel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Buehler AG
Original Assignee
Buehler AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Buehler AG filed Critical Buehler AG
Publication of EP0472016A2 publication Critical patent/EP0472016A2/de
Publication of EP0472016A3 publication Critical patent/EP0472016A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0472016B1 publication Critical patent/EP0472016B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
    • B30B11/20—Roller-and-ring machines, i.e. with roller disposed within a ring and co-operating with the inner surface of the ring
    • B30B11/201—Roller-and-ring machines, i.e. with roller disposed within a ring and co-operating with the inner surface of the ring for extruding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
    • B30B11/005—Control arrangements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S100/00—Presses
    • Y10S100/903—Pelleters
    • Y10S100/905—Pelleters inner roll
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S425/00—Plastic article or earthenware shaping or treating: apparatus
    • Y10S425/23—Hay wafering or pelletizing means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • British Patent 1,526,703 describes a press control for a radial feed cube press, in which the speed of the press die is controlled as a function of counter torque in such a way that the system is optimally used.
  • the regulation in this system is as follows:
  • the die rotation speed is regulated via a torque converter in such a way that it With regard to the most economical mode of operation, taking into account the throughput, it is optimally adapted to the counter torque.
  • the speed With a constant supply of raw material and a high counter torque, the speed is kept constant until the counter torque exceeds the maximum drive torque. As a result, the drive speed naturally drops as the counter torque increases, and the raw material supply is throttled only when the speed falls below a minimum.
  • DE-OS 38 06 945 discloses a roller press in which the die and the roller rollers or the rotary movement of the roller head and the rotation of the roller rollers are driven independently of one another, so that a preset relative speed between the die and the surface of the roller rollers in the die thereof next coming point is reached.
  • Such a press has no regulation of the slip, but a preselectable slip setting.
  • the object of the invention is now to better master the slip phenomenon described above. This is achieved according to the invention by a method according to the characterizing part of claim 1 and by means of a device which has the features of claim 7.
  • Cube presses which have only a single press roll. This is mostly used because this press roll can then have a relatively large diameter, which leads to a narrow intake angle and an improved drawing of the raw material into the gap between the press roll and the die.
  • each of the two press rollers can be subject to a more or less large slip, and the slip values can differ from one another.
  • the outputs of the respective comparison device are connected to a threshold value detector which, for regulation purposes, only lets through those signals which exceed a threshold value.
  • Threshold value detectors of this type have already become known in various embodiments, and it could be used, for example, such as is known in the electronics newspaper from November 24/28, 1986, page 112.
  • the output signal of the respective comparison device is compared to a threshold value detector with an adjustable threshold value or target value, a change in the drive speed of the cube press being initiated in the sense of a reduction in the differential speed only if this preselectable threshold value is exceeded.
  • this threshold value is exceeded for the first time: "Caution, danger of slipping!
  • the press roller may then gain a foothold again, so that the threshold value is briefly undershot again.
  • the threshold value is reduced and the sensitivity is increased in order to prevent the control unit from oscillating.
  • the predetermined time of the timing element need not be a fixed fixed time, but can depend on the size of the control deviation. In any case, this has the advantage that the end of the slip can be determined relatively soon and one can quickly return to normal operation, in particular to a higher speed.
  • the combination with the above-mentioned increase in sensitivity after the first occurrence of slip within a predetermined time period is particularly advantageous.
  • the conditions that determine the slip will first have to adjust. This depends on the speed of the drive, the mass of the parts of the cube press, the recipe of the mixture, its moisture, the gap set between the roller and the die, but also on the state of wear of the cube press. There is a risk that the normal operating state will not be reached for a long time if, at the start of operation, any of the factors listed above create conditions which favor the slip and which allow the control system to respond continuously. It is therefore preferred if the speed control is interrupted for a predetermined time when the feed cube press starts up, which is sufficient to allow the sliding conditions to be stabilized for the time being.
  • the output of the comparison device can be connected to a switchover stage, by means of which either the speed of the cube press and / or the speed of a feeding device supplying the cube press can be adjusted and / or the gap between the roll and die can be changed (usually reduced) is.
  • This switchover device can be of such a type that when the upper limit of the control range of the one control device, for example the control device for the feeding device of the feed cube press, is reached, it switches over to a control of the drive or vice versa.
  • the switchover device is preferably formed by a computer which, on the basis of information about the current operating state of the feed device or the drive of the feed cube press, calculates with which these regulations a lower reduction in throughput can be obtained.
  • the switching device mentioned can also be used to combine and optimize the different behavior of the control of the feed device and that of the drive of the cube press or of the press roller adjustment.
  • a further advantageous procedure for the regulation results from the combination with regulation of the distance of the respective press roller from the die, ie as a function of the gap size.
  • the feed conditions for the raw material change according to the feed angle but also the gap size.
  • the feed angle is formed by a tangent to the roll and the press mold, which tangents run through a point at which the material layer touches the roll (this point is practically due to a die radius running through the press roll axis ).
  • the pull-in conditions also change, which increases the risk of slipping.
  • the sensitivity of the slip control is changed depending on the gap size set by the press roller adjustment control. This can be done by switching the output signal of the comparison device to a differentiating stage or, in the manner already mentioned, by reducing the threshold value from which the slip control responds.
  • Another possibility would be that the speed of the feed cube drive is changed depending on the gap size, ie that the drive speed decreases with increasing gap size.
  • Another control option is that the reduction in differential speed of the drive is controlled as a function of an increase in the current consumption of the drive motor. Increasing the current consumption usually means that there is a risk of blocking, which is caused by adjusting the differential speed, can be countered, for example, by reducing the drive speed.
  • EP-OS 231 764 also provides the possibility of adapting the control to the state of wear of the press roller and / or die. Since, as already mentioned, wear is also important for slip, it can be advantageous to adjust the sensitivity of the slip control (in the manner mentioned above) depending on the wear condition of the roller or die. Since the expected wear is generally known in advance during operation, the wear can simply be entered as a time, i.e. that with increasing age of roll or form an automatic increase in sensitivity of the slip control, e.g. by lowering the threshold value.
  • a feed cube press 1 has a stand 2 to which an axis 4 is fastened with the aid of screws 3.
  • the rotary bearing 5 of a mold carrier 7 driven by a drive wheel 6 sits on this axis 4, to which a perforated die 8 can be fastened with the aid of a fastening device 9.
  • the perforated die 8 is designed as a ring die and therefore has holes 10 distributed over its circumference, through which holes the material to be pressed is pressed Is pressed well with the aid of two press rollers 11, 12 in order to obtain a shape corresponding to the holes 10.
  • a molded cover 14 with an opening 15 is connected to the ring die 8 by means of a fastening device 13, into which opening a stationary filling funnel 16 for the raw material projects.
  • This funnel 16 is fed by a schematically indicated mixing and metering device 17 of a known type.
  • the rigid axle 4 carries at its left end in FIG. 1 a support plate 19 which is opposite a support plate 18.
  • the shafts 22, 23 of the press rollers 11 and 12 are mounted on these support plates 18, 19.
  • a speed measuring device 24 is connected to each of the two shafts 22 and 23 on the side of the plate 18.
  • the material flowing into the rotating mold covers 14 from the hopper 16 is fed to the two press rollers 11, 12 via known feed wipers 20, 21.
  • Each of the two speed measuring devices 24 has an output line 25 or 26, which are guided through the hollow axis 4 in the manner shown.
  • the shafts 22, 23 are also expediently hollow.
  • a toothed disc 27 is fastened to the rotary bearing 5 driven by the drive wheel 6 and is opposed by an, for example inductive sensor 28, so that the rotational speed can be determined on the basis of the pulse frequency.
  • the transmitter 28 is designed such that it outputs an analog signal corresponding to the respective speed to an output line 29.
  • the speed measuring devices 24 may have a similar design.
  • the lines 25, 26, 29 are connected to a comparison device, which here is essentially formed from two operational amplifiers 30, 31.
  • a comparison device which here is essentially formed from two operational amplifiers 30, 31.
  • the output signal in the line 26 associated with the press roller 11 is compared with the signal in the line 29, in the operational amplifier 31 the output signal in the line 25 is compared with that in the line 29.
  • a switching device 32 in the way of the lines 25, 26, 29, which is controlled by a timing element 33. If the motor M 1 for driving the wheel 6 of the feed cube press is switched on when a main switch 34 is closed, the timer 33 is also switched at the same time, which actuates the switching device 32 only after a predetermined start-up time in the sense of a closing. Only then are the lines 25, 26, 29 connected to the comparison device 30, 31. Instead of using a mere timing element, the output signal on line 29 can also be used in order to permit slip control only after a stable target speed has been reached, but a timing element 33 is generally preferred.
  • the output signal of the comparison device 30, 31 may be fed to a mixing stage, for example an addition stage, in order to derive a control signal for the motor M1 therefrom.
  • a maximum value detector 35 which can be constructed in a known manner. This maximum value detector only allows that of the two signals at its output A35 that corresponds to a larger slip. If more than two press rolls are used, a number of inputs corresponding to the number of press rolls must be provided accordingly on the detector 35. Depending on the circuit, you can in the event of greater slip, there may also be negative difference values, in which case a minimum selector is used, so that, generally speaking, an extreme value selector is used.
  • a selector switch S1 which, in the position shown in broken lines, is connected directly to a line 36 which leads to a control circuit 37 for controlling a frequency converter 38 for the motor M1.
  • the switch S1 in its position shown in solid lines, can control a threshold circuit 39, which, for example, has a setpoint generator 40 which determines the threshold value and a downstream operational amplifier 41. This ensures that the control circuit 37, 38 only responds when a certain slip, considered to be permissible, is exceeded.
  • the output of the operational amplifier 41 is connected to a selector switch S2 which, in the position shown in full lines, is connected on the one hand to the line 36 and thus also to the motor control circuit 37, 38 via a schematically indicated valve circuit 42, and on the other hand to a stage 43 this stage 43 controls the setpoint value determining the threshold value when an output signal of the operational amplifier 41 indicating a slip occurs in the sense of a reduction in the threshold value.
  • the stage 43 expediently contains a timer which limits the reduction in the threshold value to a predetermined time. If a slip signal is noticed again within this time, the threshold value is further reduced. This increases the sensitivity.
  • the control circuit 37, 38 is only influenced by the output signal of the amplifier 41 until the slip is eliminated again by changing the speed of the motor M1, for example by reducing it.
  • the second possibility is that a timer 44 is interposed, which for a certain time for the maintenance of the changed, e.g. lower, ensures speed, for what the received output signal of the amplifier 41 is stored, and is output to the control circuit 37, 38 during a predetermined, possibly adjustable time. This creates a certain hysteresis that prevents the control circuit from oscillating.
  • the timer 44 secures the return to normal operation after its time constant has expired, which may not necessarily be the case depending on the design of the control loop.
  • Fig. 2 shows a modified arrangement, wherein the selector switch S1 again has two positions, but according to a variant can also have a third position with the line 36 of FIG. 1 could be connected.
  • the selector switch S1 In the position of the selector switch S1 shown in full lines, it is connected to a line 136 which starts a relatively slow-running start-stop generator 49 '.
  • a predetermined number of pulses, which are fed to a ramp generator 51, are emitted at relatively large time intervals via the start-stop generator 49 '.
  • the ramp generator 51 lowers its output signal step by step with each pulse of the start-stop generator 49 ', which leads to a step-wise reduction in the speed of the motor M1 via the motor control device 37, 38.
  • the start-stop generator 49 lowers the speed to the lower limit via the ramp generator 51. However, if this causes the slip to stop after the first stage or after a few initial stages, the start-stop generator is interrupted by the disappearance of the slip signal supplied via line 136, and there is no further reduction in speed.
  • time-determining stage 144 similar to the timer 44 (FIG. 1) to the output of the start-stop generator 49 '.
  • pulses come from the generator 49 'at intervals, they act on the timer 144 as a reset signal, i.e. the time set on it starts again with each new impulse.
  • timing element 144 ensures, via its output connected to ramp generator 51, that ramp generator 51 returns to its uppermost stage, so that motor M1 continues to run at normal speed.
  • the outputs of the differential amplifiers 30, 31 forming the comparison circuit are directly connected to a control stage 137 corresponding to stage 37 of FIG. 1.
  • This control stage 137 can then be designed as a microprocessor, which itself selects the appropriate signal or determines the maximum value. But it is also possible to get to the exit of the Amplifier 30, 31 to set a differentiating stage 52 or 53, by means of which the slip signal can be differentiated to determine whether it is increasing or decreasing. This can help prevent slippage early. However, it is advantageous if the microprocessor 137 receives both the differentiated signals and the differential signal of the slip signals coming from the amplifiers 30, 31, since with high slip on one of the two press rollers 11, 12 (FIG.
  • the microprocessor 137 selects from the four received signals the one that can best serve to regulate the slip. If the slip per se on both press rollers 11, 12 is small, but if the differentiated signal from one of the stages 52 or 53 shows an increase in the slip, the microprocessor 137 will take this signal into account in order to be able to counteract an increase in the slip at an early stage .
  • the amplifiers 30, 31 may need to be connected to the control stage 137 only via the differentiating stages 52, 53, since then a slip is to a certain extent nipped in the bud and the direct outputs from the amplifiers 30, 31 for the control are no longer needed. In conditions where the slip increases slowly and therefore the differential signals would be very small but long-lasting, direct signals should not be omitted.
  • stages 52, 53 achieve a significant increase in sensitivity of the circuit arrangement; it is therefore conceivable to provide a switchover stage in order to change the sensitivity at the outputs of the differential amplifiers 30, 31, which selectively forwards the differential signal directly or via the differentiation stages 52, 53. These switching stages would then have to be actuated by the control stage 43 already described (FIG. 1).
  • control circuit 49 is provided for the press roller adjustment, as is shown and described with the same reference numerals in EP-OS 231 764, FIG. 8. It can therefore be assumed that this control circuit 49 belongs to the prior art and therefore does not have to be described further.
  • this output 50 can also be connected to this output 50, which, for example, receives a signal from threshold detector 35 and only passes a signal to line 36 when it is Threshold is exceeded.
  • the level of this threshold value then depends on the output signal of the control stage 49, which is present at its terminal 50, ie the threshold value of the threshold value switch 4041 is influenced as a function of the gap width in such a way that when the gap between the press rollers and die is enlarged, the threshold value of the threshold value Switch 4041 is reduced. This means a greater sensitivity or a lower tolerance for the slip that occurs.
  • a switching device is connected to the output 50, which, in the case of a small gap size, feeds the output signal of the differential amplifier 30, 31 or the maximum value detector 35 directly to the control stage 137 (FIG. 3), with larger gap widths between rollers and die, on the other hand, instead of the direct outputs of the operational amplifiers 30, 31 (or the maximum value detector 35), the output of a differentiating stage connected to it, such as the differentiating stages 52, 53 of FIG. 3.
  • the press rollers could be driven by a common or independent motors with a fixed die.
  • slippage would lead to acceleration of the press rollers, with slippage leading to a delay in the rotational speed of the press rollers in the arrangement shown.
  • the slip control would of course have to be adapted to this fact, and if in the previous description there is talk of a delay in the rotation of the press rollers, the same naturally also applies to an acceleration in accordance with this variant.
  • the drive wheel 6 can be driven by the motor M1 in a slip-free manner, so that the motor values themselves can be used to determine the speed, in particular if it is an asynchronous motor or even a synchronous motor in which the mains frequency is a direct measure of the drive speed . If the size of the belt slip between the motor M1 and the drive wheel 6 is known, one could also start from the speed data of the motor M1.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Press Drives And Press Lines (AREA)
  • Control Of Presses (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Glanulating (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
EP91112845A 1990-08-20 1991-07-31 Verfahren zur Schlupfregelung an einer Würfelpresse und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens Expired - Lifetime EP0472016B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH2697/90 1990-08-20
CH2697/90A CH681969A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1990-08-20 1990-08-20

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0472016A2 EP0472016A2 (de) 1992-02-26
EP0472016A3 EP0472016A3 (en) 1992-08-12
EP0472016B1 true EP0472016B1 (de) 1994-08-31

Family

ID=4239559

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91112845A Expired - Lifetime EP0472016B1 (de) 1990-08-20 1991-07-31 Verfahren zur Schlupfregelung an einer Würfelpresse und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US5152215A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
EP (1) EP0472016B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AT (1) ATE110626T1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH681969A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE59102728D1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5792485A (en) * 1989-08-21 1998-08-11 Korse; Theodorus H. Pelleting press
DK0598318T3 (da) * 1992-11-14 1999-11-29 Degussa Fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af et kugleformet granulat af pulverformede faststoffer
DE4426372A1 (de) * 1994-07-26 1996-02-01 Salzhausener Maschinenbautechn Verfahren zum Verarbeiten von pelletierbarem Material
RU2133198C1 (ru) * 1998-06-29 1999-07-20 Открытое акционерное общество "ГАЗ" Система управления механическим прессом
EP2517868A1 (en) * 2011-04-29 2012-10-31 Andritz AG Method of controlling a pellet mill
EP2701900B1 (en) 2011-04-29 2017-08-23 Andritz AG Pellet mill
JP6775311B2 (ja) 2016-03-29 2020-10-28 株式会社菊水製作所 成形品製造システム
US10875217B2 (en) * 2016-12-12 2020-12-29 Kikusui Seisakusho Ltd. Controller and control method for rotary compression-molding machine

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3932736A (en) * 1974-04-08 1976-01-13 Beta Corporation Of St. Louis Automatic pellet producing system
FR2341429A1 (fr) * 1976-02-20 1977-09-16 Desvigne Maurice Presse a filiere pour la compression de produits alimentaires pour animaux
US4238432A (en) * 1979-05-03 1980-12-09 Internationale Octrooi Maatschappij Extrusion presses
US4463430A (en) * 1981-08-31 1984-07-31 Beta Corporation Microprocessor based pellet mill control
US4711622A (en) * 1984-07-04 1987-12-08 Gebruder Buhler Ag Pellet mill
EP0231764B1 (de) * 1986-01-24 1991-12-27 Bühler Ag Würfelpresse
DE3816842A1 (de) * 1988-05-18 1989-11-23 Schlueter Gmbh U Co Kg H Ringmatrizenpresse

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5152215A (en) 1992-10-06
ATE110626T1 (de) 1994-09-15
CH681969A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1993-06-30
EP0472016A2 (de) 1992-02-26
EP0472016A3 (en) 1992-08-12
DE59102728D1 (de) 1994-10-06

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