EP0471610B1 - Nozzle with incorporated valve - Google Patents
Nozzle with incorporated valve Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0471610B1 EP0471610B1 EP91402204A EP91402204A EP0471610B1 EP 0471610 B1 EP0471610 B1 EP 0471610B1 EP 91402204 A EP91402204 A EP 91402204A EP 91402204 A EP91402204 A EP 91402204A EP 0471610 B1 EP0471610 B1 EP 0471610B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- core
- valve
- nozzle according
- sleeve
- nozzle
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
- B05B11/0005—Components or details
- B05B11/0062—Outlet valves actuated by the pressure of the fluid to be sprayed
- B05B11/007—Outlet valves actuated by the pressure of the fluid to be sprayed being opened by deformation of a sealing element made of resiliently deformable material, e.g. flaps, skirts, duck-bill valves
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
- B05B1/34—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl
- B05B1/3405—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl
- B05B1/341—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet
- B05B1/3421—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet with channels emerging substantially tangentially in the swirl chamber
- B05B1/3431—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet with channels emerging substantially tangentially in the swirl chamber the channels being formed at the interface of cooperating elements, e.g. by means of grooves
- B05B1/3436—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet with channels emerging substantially tangentially in the swirl chamber the channels being formed at the interface of cooperating elements, e.g. by means of grooves the interface being a plane perpendicular to the outlet axis
Definitions
- the active substance is generally enclosed in solution or in suspension in a liquid medium which can be expelled under pressure through a spray nozzle thanks to the action of the operator on a control head.
- the nozzle is placed on the control head, itself mounted on a distributor, valve or pump, with axial nozzle; this head, if necessary fitted with a suitable nozzle, thus also serves as a spray head for the sprayer.
- nozzles have been able to be designed, in which a cover pierced with a narrow orifice cooperates with an internal axial core to form a vortex system of channels.
- a simple and effective model is now almost universal in use: the cover is permanently applied to it on the core, the transverse faces opposite these two parts coming to bear to form converging channels directed obliquely towards a central cavity to feed the orifice from lateral passages by creating the vortex when the liquid passes through them to escape; this structure with two assembled elements, each of which can be obtained by molding is very economical.
- the operculum is generally carried by a cup fitted and then welded to the head.
- the core is generally an integral part of the head but can form an attached part, the cover and itself aligned on the same axis by lateral centering spans providing a single or multiple passage towards their opposite transverse faces:
- the patent US-A-4,538,745 has proposed equipping such a nozzle with a core force-fitted into the cup, its axial trunk carrying a circular cup with flexible lip of concavity turned downstream, to form a valve miniature inserted in a room just upstream. This assembly offers the advantage of combining easy miniaturization and good precision.
- Patent publication FR-A-2 635 084 prefers that this valve be mounted independently in its chamber, trapped by the fixed core but itself movable inside the nozzle, guided in its housing on a clean axial trunk: the lip working more favorably, the sealing appears more precise and more durable.
- the present invention proposes, on the contrary, to make it axially mobile, continuing to center it, therefore by guiding it laterally, the integrated assembly of the core and of the valve. It is then the end of the trunk of this part which will serve as a core, not coming to apply on the internal face of the cover to constitute the vortex system of channels only under the effect of the pressure generated upstream by the implementation of the vaporizer.
- FIG. 1 shows the end of a nozzle 1 crossed by a channel 1 a and provided with a recess 2 intended to receive the nozzle according to the invention: the short socket or cup 3 is fitted therein, the bottom of which forms a cover 3 has an axial hole 3 b .
- the cup 3 encloses a part 4 whose trunk 4 a carries a frustoconical cup 4 b of concavity turned downstream, its flexible circular lip in peripheral contact with the wall of the recess forming a valve.
- the part 4 By the downstream end of the trunk 4a, the part 4 remains capable of playing the role of core; in fact when the user seeks to expel liquid, the increase in pressure generated firstly has the effect of pressing its front face against the cover 3 a ; it is only then, under the desired operating pressure, that the lip gives way, leaving passage to the liquid.
- the trunk 4 a being provided with grooves 5 of which, preferably, the lateral part 5 a is parallel to the axis but, on the front face, extends in 5 b obliquely and not radially towards the orifice, this liquid is put in rapid rotation before being expelled through the orifice and is thus finely pulverized; in fact, there is a sufficient pressure drop across the nozzle so that the core remains pressed against the cover, forming tangential channels towards the central cavity 5 c . When the pressure stops, the valve is free to move back slightly, relieving the tight lip.
- the device shown in Figure 2 is based on an identical principle. However, it fits onto a male end 11 belonging to the head or even to the body of the container, in the form of a sleeve 13 in a thermowell, leaving a chamber 12 which closes the cover 13 a ; in this chamber is included the movable valve 14, the guide trunk 14a of which carries the cup 14b . Although the lip of the latter rubs against the wall of the chamber, a conical inlet shoulder 12 a can incidentally be provided to give complete security to the assembly.
- trunk 14 a is proportionally stronger and the lip of the cup 14 b more folded down but the operation is unchanged, the expulsion pressure still depending on its flexibility.
- the trunk has 14 fully cylindrical without undercuts cons: this facilitates molding of the part. Finally it is on the internal wall of the well which in the socket 13 ends the chamber 12 that the grooves 15 or similar passages are dug: one could even imagine placing their parts 15 a on one of the parts and their parts 15 b on the other, an intermediate channel avoiding having to orient them, or even nesting them to block the rotating core, but this would complicate the parts and is normally not necessary.
Landscapes
- Nozzles (AREA)
- Containers And Packaging Bodies Having A Special Means To Remove Contents (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Il est connu de distribuer de nombreux produits sous forme pulvérisée, en particulier à l'aide de vaporisateurs manuels, souvent de petites dimensions : la substance active est généralement enfermée en solution ou en suspension dans un milieu liquide qui peut être expulsé sous pression à travers une buse pulvérisatrice grâce à l'action de l'opérateur sur une tête de commande. Facultativement mais de façon très générale, la buse est placée sur la tête de commande, elle-même montée sur un distributeur, valve ou pompe, à gicleur axial ; cette tête, au besoin équipée d'un embout convenable, sert ainsi en même temps de tête pulvérisatrice au vaporisateur.It is known to distribute many products in spray form, in particular using manual vaporizers, often of small dimensions: the active substance is generally enclosed in solution or in suspension in a liquid medium which can be expelled under pressure through a spray nozzle thanks to the action of the operator on a control head. Optionally but very generally, the nozzle is placed on the control head, itself mounted on a distributor, valve or pump, with axial nozzle; this head, if necessary fitted with a suitable nozzle, thus also serves as a spray head for the sprayer.
Par raison d'hygiène, de conservation du produit ou de simple commodité pour éviter les bouchages ou suintements de liquide entre deux utilisations, il est utile d'obtenir l'étanchéité du vaporisateur au repos contre toute entrée d'air ou fuite de liquide et, pour y parvenir directement donc commodément en dispensant de prévoir un bouchon, divers types de clapets ont déjà été envisagés ; encore ne doivent-ils pas empêcher le bon fonctionnement.For reasons of hygiene, conservation of the product or simple convenience to avoid clogging or seepage of liquid between two uses, it is useful to obtain the sealing of the vaporizer at rest against any entry of air or leakage of liquid and , to achieve this directly therefore conveniently by dispensing with providing a plug, various types of valves have already been envisaged; still they should not prevent proper functioning.
D'autre part plusieurs types de buses ont pu être conçus, dans lesquels un opercule percé d'un étroit orifice coopère avec un noyau axial interne pour former un système tourbillonnaire de canaux. Un modèle simple et efficace est désormais d'usage quasi universel : l'opercule s'y applique à demeure sur le noyau, les faces transversales en regard de ces deux pièces venant en appui pour former des canaux convergents dirigés obliquement vers une cavité centrale afin d'alimenter l'orifice à partir de passages latéraux en créant le tourbillon quand le liquide les traverse pour s'échapper ; cette structure à deux éléments assemblés dont chacun peut être obtenu par moulage est très économique. L'opercule est généralement porté par une coupelle emboîtée puis soudée sur la tête. Le noyau est en général partie intégrante de la tête mais peut former une pièce rapportée, l'opercule et lui-même alignés sur un même axe par des portées de centrage latérales ménageant un passage simple ou multiple vers leurs faces transversales en regard : le brevet US-A-4 538 745 a proposé d'équiper une telle buse d'un noyau emmanché à force dans la coupelle, son tronc axial porteur d'une cupule circulaire à lèvre souple de concavité tournée vers l'aval, pour former un clapet miniature inséré dans une chambre juste en amont. Ce montage offre l'avantage de combiner miniaturisation facile et bonne précision.On the other hand, several types of nozzles have been able to be designed, in which a cover pierced with a narrow orifice cooperates with an internal axial core to form a vortex system of channels. A simple and effective model is now almost universal in use: the cover is permanently applied to it on the core, the transverse faces opposite these two parts coming to bear to form converging channels directed obliquely towards a central cavity to feed the orifice from lateral passages by creating the vortex when the liquid passes through them to escape; this structure with two assembled elements, each of which can be obtained by molding is very economical. The operculum is generally carried by a cup fitted and then welded to the head. The core is generally an integral part of the head but can form an attached part, the cover and itself aligned on the same axis by lateral centering spans providing a single or multiple passage towards their opposite transverse faces: the patent US-A-4,538,745 has proposed equipping such a nozzle with a core force-fitted into the cup, its axial trunk carrying a circular cup with flexible lip of concavity turned downstream, to form a valve miniature inserted in a room just upstream. This assembly offers the advantage of combining easy miniaturization and good precision.
La publication de brevet FR-A-2 635 084 préfère que ce clapet soit monté indépendant dans sa chambre, emprisonné par le noyau fixe mais lui-même mobile à l'intérieur de la buse, guidé dans son logement sur un tronc axial propre : la lèvre travaillant plus favorablement, l'étanchéité apparaît plus précise et plus durable.Patent publication FR-A-2 635 084 prefers that this valve be mounted independently in its chamber, trapped by the fixed core but itself movable inside the nozzle, guided in its housing on a clean axial trunk: the lip working more favorably, the sealing appears more precise and more durable.
La présente invention propose au contraire de rendre mobile axialement, en continuant à le centrer donc en le guidant latéralement, l'ensemble intégré du noyau et du clapet. C'est alors l'extrémité du tronc de cette pièce qui servira de noyau, ne venant s'appliquer sur la face interne de l'opercule pour constituer le système tourbillonnaire de canaux que sous l'effet de la pression engendrée en amont par la mise en oeuvre du vaporisateur.The present invention proposes, on the contrary, to make it axially mobile, continuing to center it, therefore by guiding it laterally, the integrated assembly of the core and of the valve. It is then the end of the trunk of this part which will serve as a core, not coming to apply on the internal face of the cover to constitute the vortex system of channels only under the effect of the pressure generated upstream by the implementation of the vaporizer.
Le bon fonctionnement du clapet est alors préservé tandis que l'application du tronc sur l'opercule pour servir de noyau se révèle assez correcte pour que la buse conserve pratiquement la même efficacité qu'une buse classique du modèle considéré.The proper functioning of the valve is then preserved while the application of the trunk on the cover to serve as a core proves to be correct enough for the nozzle to retain practically the same efficiency as a conventional nozzle of the model considered.
Le dispositif sera décrit ci-dessous, sous deux variantes correspondant respectivement aux figures 1 et 2, qui sont des coupes longitudinales de chacune d'elles :
La figure 1 montre l'extrémité d'un embout 1 traversé par un canal 1a et doté d'un chambrage 2 destiné à recevoir la buse selon l'invention : s'y emboîte la courte douille ou coupelle 3 dont le fond forme un opercule 3a percé d'un orifice axial 3b. La coupelle 3 enferme une pièce 4 dont le tronc 4a porte une cupule tronconique 4b de concavité tournée vers l'aval, sa lèvre circulaire souple en contact périphérique avec la paroi du chambrage formant clapet. Cette pièce, guidée latéralement, libre ou à très faible frottement, par les parois de la coupelle 3, reste mobile axialement car ladite coupelle n'est pas enfoncée à fond mais seulement jusqu'à une butée convenable, un épaulement 2a dans le chambrage par exemple ; le clapet, dans la chambre amont, reste donc libre de s'adapter aux légers écarts de pression qu'il peut subir notamment du fait des dilatations et conserve ainsi une très bonne étanchéité.The device will be described below, under two variants corresponding respectively to Figures 1 and 2, which are longitudinal sections of each of them:
FIG. 1 shows the end of a
Par l'extrémité aval du tronc 4a, la pièce 4 reste capable de jouer le rôle de noyau ; en effet quand l'utilisateur cherche à expulser du liquide, l'augmentation de pression engendrée a d'abord pour effet de plaquer sa face avant contre l'opercule 3a ; ce n'est qu'ensuite, sous la pression d'utilisation voulue, que la lèvre cède laissant passage au liquide. Le tronc 4a étant pourvu de rainures 5 dont, de préférence, la partie latérale 5a est parallèle à l'axe mais, sur la face avant, se prolonge en 5b obliquement et non radialement vers l'orifice, ce liquide est mis en rotation rapide avant d'être expulsé à travers l'orifice et se trouve ainsi finement pulvérisé ; en effet il existe à la traversée de la buse une perte de charge suffisante pour que le noyau reste plaqué contre l'opercule, formant des canaux tangentiels vers la cavité centrale 5c. Quand la pression s'interrompt, le clapet se trouve libre de reculer légèrement, soulageant la lèvre étanche.By the downstream end of the
Le dispositif montré sur la figure 2 repose sur un principe identique. Il s'emboîte cependant sur un embout mâle 11 appartenant à la tête ou même au corps du récipient, sous forme d'une douille 13 en doigt de gant, en laissant subsister une chambre 12 que ferme l'opercule 13a ; dans cette chambre se trouve inclus le clapet 14, mobile, dont le tronc de guidage 14a porte la cupule 14b. Bien que la lèvre de cette dernière frotte sur la paroi de la chambre, un épaulement à entrée conique 12a peut accessoirement être prévu pour donner toute sécurité au montage.The device shown in Figure 2 is based on an identical principle. However, it fits onto a
On pourra noter que le tronc 14a est proportionnellement plus fort et la lèvre de la cupule 14b plus rabattue mais le fonctionnement est inchangé, la pression d'expulsion dépendant encore de sa flexibilité.It will be noted that the
D'autre part, le tronc 14a est entièrement cylindrique, sans contre-dépouilles : ceci facilite le moulage de la pièce. Enfin c'est sur la paroi interne du puits qui dans la douille 13 termine la chambre 12 que sont creusées les rainures 15 ou des passages analogues : on pourrait même imaginer de placer leurs parties 15a sur l'une des pièces et leurs parties 15b sur l'autre, un canal intermédiaire évitant d'avoir à les orienter, voire de les imbriquer pour bloquer le noyau en rotation mais ceci compliquerait les pièces et n'est normalement pas nécessaire.Second, the trunk has 14 fully cylindrical without undercuts cons: this facilitates molding of the part. Finally it is on the internal wall of the well which in the
Dans chacune des deux versions décrites, le nombre de pièces reste réduit à deux et leur montage très simple, ce qui conduit à une fabrication d'un prix de revient particulièrement avantageux.In each of the two versions described, the number of parts remains reduced to two and their assembly very simple, which leads to a manufacture of a particularly advantageous cost price.
Claims (7)
- Atomizing nozzle comprising a diaphragm (3a, 13a) perforated by a narrow orifice (3b, 13b) and an internal core (4, 14), aligned on the same axis by lateral surfaces providing a passage (5a, 15a) towards the transverse facing faces of said two parts in order to form a turbulent system (5, 15) of channels supplying the orifice (3b, 13b), the core (4, 14) comprising an axial stem (4a, 14a) carrying a circular dimple having a flexible lip (4b, 14b), whose concavity is directed towards the downstream side in order to form a valve inserted in an upstream chamber, characterized in that said core (4, 14) is axially mobile with respect to the diaphragm (3a, 13a).
- Nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that the core (14) serving as a valve and whose front face can bear on the diaphragm (13a) carrying the orifice (13b) to create a system of convergent channels directed obliquely towards the latter, has a stem (14a) free from undercuts.
- Nozzle according to one of the claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the stem slides in a sleeve (3, 13) sealed by the diaphragm.
- Nozzle according to claim 3, characterized in that the stem is entirely cylindrical and the sleeve internally grooved.
- Nozzle according to claim 3, characterized in that the valve serving as a core is entirely included in the sleeve.
- Nozzle according to claim 5, characterized in that the valve is held in the sleeve by a shoulder (12a) having a conical inlet.
- Nozzle according to claim 5, characterized in that the sleeve has a glove finger shape and can be fitted, without abutment, on the valve to a male end piece belonging to the atomizer.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9010441A FR2665848B1 (en) | 1990-08-17 | 1990-08-17 | INCORPORATED VALVE NOZZLES. |
| FR9010441 | 1990-08-17 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0471610A1 EP0471610A1 (en) | 1992-02-19 |
| EP0471610B1 true EP0471610B1 (en) | 1995-05-10 |
Family
ID=9399717
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP91402204A Expired - Lifetime EP0471610B1 (en) | 1990-08-17 | 1991-08-08 | Nozzle with incorporated valve |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5181658A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0471610B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP3220185B2 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE122268T1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2048313C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69109578T2 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2665848B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5385302A (en) * | 1990-10-25 | 1995-01-31 | Contico | Low cost trigger sprayer |
| FR2705589B1 (en) * | 1993-05-28 | 1995-07-28 | Valois | Spray nozzle and sprayer comprising such a nozzle. |
| US5687877A (en) * | 1995-11-03 | 1997-11-18 | Owens-Illinois Closure Inc. | Pump dispenser having moveable outlet check valve element |
| FR2746657B1 (en) * | 1996-03-29 | 1998-06-26 | Sofab | ANTIBACTERIAL DEVICE FOR SPRAYING A LIQUID PRODUCT |
| DE19622124A1 (en) * | 1996-06-01 | 1997-12-04 | Alfred Von Schuckmann | Device for applying liquids |
| FR2758801B1 (en) * | 1997-01-27 | 1999-03-26 | Valois | SHUTTERING SYSTEM FOR A FLUID PRODUCT DISPENSING DEVICE |
| DE19715359C2 (en) * | 1997-04-12 | 1999-08-12 | Mannesmann Vdo Ag | Device for heating washing liquid in a windscreen washer system |
| FR2771296B1 (en) * | 1997-11-25 | 2000-03-10 | Sofab | NASAL TIP WITH END CLOSURE |
| US6131820A (en) * | 1999-06-01 | 2000-10-17 | Calmar Inc. | Discharge valve assembly for trigger sprayer |
| US6382204B1 (en) | 1999-10-14 | 2002-05-07 | Becton Dickinson And Company | Drug delivery system including holder and drug container |
| ES2214204T3 (en) | 1999-10-14 | 2004-09-16 | Becton, Dickinson And Company | NASAL ADMINISTRATION DEVICE INCLUDING A SPRAY NOZZLE. |
| US6443176B1 (en) | 1999-11-30 | 2002-09-03 | Hilmar Lumber, Inc. | Flush valve with rotatable grate |
| US6543703B2 (en) * | 2000-12-26 | 2003-04-08 | William S. Blake | Flexible face non-clogging actuator assembly |
| DE10200595A1 (en) * | 2002-01-10 | 2003-07-31 | Aero Pump Gmbh | Actuating head of a suction-pressure pump for ejecting a product from a container |
| DE10200593A1 (en) * | 2002-01-10 | 2003-07-31 | Aero Pump Gmbh | Actuating head of a suction-pressure pump for ejecting a product from a container |
| GB0302536D0 (en) * | 2003-02-04 | 2003-03-12 | Bespak Plc | Container |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1259052A (en) * | 1915-07-03 | 1918-03-12 | Fletcher C Starr | Fuel-oil atomizing-burner. |
| US1453161A (en) * | 1919-01-06 | 1923-04-24 | Thomas W Murphy | Spray nozzle |
| US4109869A (en) * | 1977-06-16 | 1978-08-29 | Dutton-Lainson Company | Oiler with adjustable spray nozzle |
| US4182496A (en) * | 1977-12-16 | 1980-01-08 | Ethyl Products Company | Actuator button for fluid dispenser |
| US4358057A (en) * | 1980-05-27 | 1982-11-09 | Ethyl Products Company | Fluid dispenser method and apparatus |
| US4538745A (en) * | 1983-05-19 | 1985-09-03 | The Clorox Company | Trigger sprayer |
| ES272902Y (en) * | 1983-06-14 | 1984-05-01 | Workum Donald | "SPRAYER FOR MANUALLY DEFORMABLE CONTAINERS" |
| EP0183693A4 (en) * | 1984-06-01 | 1987-03-12 | Robert L Bundschuh | Pump dispenser with slidable trigger. |
| FR2635084B1 (en) * | 1988-08-08 | 1991-04-12 | Sofab | DISTRIBUTOR TIPS |
| US4944431A (en) * | 1988-09-23 | 1990-07-31 | Blake William S | Trigger sprayer with multi-function piston |
-
1990
- 1990-08-17 FR FR9010441A patent/FR2665848B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1991
- 1991-08-01 CA CA002048313A patent/CA2048313C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-08-08 AT AT91402204T patent/ATE122268T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-08-08 EP EP91402204A patent/EP0471610B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-08-08 DE DE69109578T patent/DE69109578T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-08-15 JP JP20514291A patent/JP3220185B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-08-16 US US07/746,440 patent/US5181658A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2048313C (en) | 2001-10-30 |
| US5181658A (en) | 1993-01-26 |
| DE69109578T2 (en) | 1996-01-18 |
| CA2048313A1 (en) | 1992-02-18 |
| DE69109578D1 (en) | 1995-06-14 |
| FR2665848A1 (en) | 1992-02-21 |
| FR2665848B1 (en) | 1992-10-30 |
| JPH0679202A (en) | 1994-03-22 |
| JP3220185B2 (en) | 2001-10-22 |
| EP0471610A1 (en) | 1992-02-19 |
| ATE122268T1 (en) | 1995-05-15 |
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