EP0469016A1 - Melangeur, son utilisation et procede de production de melanges de poudres. - Google Patents

Melangeur, son utilisation et procede de production de melanges de poudres.

Info

Publication number
EP0469016A1
EP0469016A1 EP90906179A EP90906179A EP0469016A1 EP 0469016 A1 EP0469016 A1 EP 0469016A1 EP 90906179 A EP90906179 A EP 90906179A EP 90906179 A EP90906179 A EP 90906179A EP 0469016 A1 EP0469016 A1 EP 0469016A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mixer
nozzle
liquid
sprayed
mixing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP90906179A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0469016B1 (fr
Inventor
Jochen Jacobs
Hans Kruse
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Henkel AG and Co KGaA
Original Assignee
Henkel AG and Co KGaA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=6379296&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0469016(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Henkel AG and Co KGaA filed Critical Henkel AG and Co KGaA
Publication of EP0469016A1 publication Critical patent/EP0469016A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0469016B1 publication Critical patent/EP0469016B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
    • B01F27/60—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a horizontal or inclined axis
    • B01F27/62—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a horizontal or inclined axis comprising liquid feeding, e.g. spraying means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
    • B01F27/60—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a horizontal or inclined axis
    • B01F27/70—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a horizontal or inclined axis with paddles, blades or arms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
    • B01F27/05—Stirrers
    • B01F27/11—Stirrers characterised by the configuration of the stirrers
    • B01F27/112—Stirrers characterised by the configuration of the stirrers with arms, paddles, vanes or blades

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a mixer with a Froude number between 0.5 and 20, with a cylindrical wall, with a mixer shaft arranged in the cylinder axis, to which at least one mixing tool is attached, and with at least one stationary nozzle arranged within the mixer, which is used for spraying of liquids is suitable.
  • the Froude number indicates the ratio of the centrifugal force to gravity based on the diameter of the mixing tools and the speed of rotation.
  • a Froude number below about 1, the material to be mixed is essentially at the lowest point in the mixer.
  • the mix With a Froude number between about 1 and 10, the mix is mainly in the form of a cloud anywhere within the mixer. There are many statistical changes of place in this area of the Froude number. If the Froude number is over 10, the mix is mainly pressed against the inside wall of the mixer and lies there in a dense layer.
  • the mixing tools move around the mixer shaft and the nozzle remains immobile.
  • Such mixers are used to process powders with a high dust content.
  • Liquid is injected through the nozzle around the To bind dust.
  • the liquid is usually added in one of the following ways:
  • the liquid runs into the mixer via a downpipe with a distributor divider.
  • the liquid is introduced via a nozzle or in the inlet pipe in the area of the snow-covered knife rings.
  • the liquid is sprayed on via a nozzle arranged in the mixer dome.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a mixer that allows a much more uniform liquid distribution with simple means.
  • the mixer according to the invention can be both a continuous and a batch mixer.
  • the outlet direction and the outlet cone of the liquid to be atomized can be selected depending on the type of powder, the number of revolutions and the geometry of the mixer, so that practically no internal mixer parts such as the wall and the mixer shaft are sprayed directly, but only the powdery mixture is moistened.
  • German patent specification 2625923 is concerned with a more uniform liquid discharge from the liquid addition tubes.
  • teaching disclosed in this document has nothing to do with the alignment of the nozzle openings, but rather requires several nozzles which are arranged in an evenly distributed manner and feed lines of approximately the same length.
  • a particularly good distribution of the liquid is achieved according to the invention in that the opening of the nozzle is arranged essentially within the first third to the first half of the radius of the mixer, which is closer to the mixer shaft.
  • Highly viscous liquids can be sprayed in that the nozzle and its feed line can be heated.
  • a number of nozzles are used for faster and more uniform moistening.
  • the nozzle be a two-substance nozzle. With such a nozzle, the liquid emerges from one opening and from the one whose a gas for spraying this liquid. This means that highly viscous liquids can be sprayed at low pressures regardless of their viscosity.
  • the nozzle is a three-substance nozzle. This is the case when two liquids, one of which is highly viscous, are to react with one another during the injection.
  • Such three-substance nozzles are advantageously used when processing detergents and cleaning agents.
  • Fatty or sulfonic acid emerges through one of the concentrically arranged openings of the nozzle, an alkaline liquid through a second opening to neutralize this acid and air through the third opening for spraying.
  • the opening of the nozzle be directed mainly downwards.
  • the powder falls down and covers all surfaces facing upwards within the mixer.
  • the mixer is used particularly advantageously for mixing the components of detergents and cleaning agents, as stated above.
  • the mixer is also advantageous for the gentle application of particularly high proportions of liquid to absorbent materials, e.g. precipitated silica, e.g. in the production of leveling agents for powder coatings.
  • particularly large amounts of liquid can be applied.
  • the invention relates to a method for producing powder mixed products in a rotating mixer from Froude number between 0.5 and 20, one or more liquids being sprayed into the mixer during the mixing process.
  • the liquid be sprayed essentially tangentially and in the direction of rotation of the mixer.
  • a particularly good distribution of the liquid is achieved in that the liquid emerges from the spraying nozzle essentially within the first third to the first half of the radius of the mixer, which is closer to the center of the mixer.
  • the liquid be sprayed in from several nozzles.
  • the method has proven to be particularly advantageous if fatty acid is used as the liquid and the powder contains soda. If the application of the fatty acid to the soda placed in the mixer does not lead to sufficient product properties, it is proposed that liquid fatty acid and alkali lye be sprayed in simultaneously with a multi-component nozzle, in particular a three-component nozzle.
  • a multi-component nozzle in particular a three-component nozzle.
  • Figure 2 shows a cross section along the line II-II in Figure 1.
  • the mixer according to FIG. 1 essentially consists of a cylindrical drum with a wall 1 along which ploughshare mixing tools 3 run. These mixing tools are attached to the mixer shaft 2 via brackets 8.
  • the mixer has mixer domes 9 for filling, venting and emptying.
  • the mixer contains two spray devices 10, each with a feed line 6 and two nozzles 4.
  • the opening 7 of the nozzle 4 is oriented essentially tangentially and in the direction of rotation of the ploughshare mixing tools 3.
  • the direction of rotation of the mixer shaft 2 is indicated by the arrow 11. It is also important that the openings 7 of the nozzles 4 are located between the mixer shaft 2 and the wall 1 at approximately the first third to half the radius near the mixer shaft 2.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Mixers Of The Rotary Stirring Type (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Micro-Capsules (AREA)

Abstract

Mélangeur dont l'indice de Froude est compris entre 0,5 et 20 et qui comporte une paroi cylindrique (1) avec un arbre mélangeur (2) agencé dans l'axe du cylindre et sur lequel est fixé au moins un outil mélangeur (3). A l'intérieur du mélangeur se trouve en outre au moins une buse stationnaire (7) conçue pour pulvériser des liquides. Pour obtenir de manière très simple une répartition beaucoup plus uniforme du liquide qu'avec l'état antérieur de l'art, l'ouverture de la buse est essentiellement tangentielle et orietentée dans le sens de la rotation des outils mélangeurs.
EP90906179A 1989-04-24 1990-04-17 Procede de production de melanges de poudres Expired - Lifetime EP0469016B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3913384A DE3913384A1 (de) 1989-04-24 1989-04-24 Mischer, verwendung dieses mischers und verfahren zum herstellen von pulvermischprodukten
DE3913384 1989-04-24
PCT/EP1990/000595 WO1990012640A1 (fr) 1989-04-24 1990-04-17 Melangeur, son utilisation et procede de production de melanges de poudres

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0469016A1 true EP0469016A1 (fr) 1992-02-05
EP0469016B1 EP0469016B1 (fr) 1995-08-23

Family

ID=6379296

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90906179A Expired - Lifetime EP0469016B1 (fr) 1989-04-24 1990-04-17 Procede de production de melanges de poudres

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0469016B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH04504819A (fr)
KR (1) KR0140980B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE126724T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3913384A1 (fr)
DK (1) DK0469016T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO1990012640A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110809938A (zh) * 2019-11-18 2020-02-21 湖南省中医药研究院 黄精种子快速萌发的装置及方法

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4102177A1 (de) * 1991-01-25 1992-07-30 Krauss Maffei Ag Misch- und reaktionsvorrichtung
DE4305713A1 (de) * 1993-02-25 1994-09-01 Hoechst Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur gleichmäßigen Verteilung einer kleinen Menge Flüssigkeit auf Schüttgütern
WO1995026394A1 (fr) * 1994-03-28 1995-10-05 Kao Corporation Procede de production de particules detergentes a densite apparente elevee
DE4425412A1 (de) * 1994-07-19 1996-01-25 Buehler Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Aufbereitung von Stoffen für die Verwertung oder Entsorgung
DE4437072C2 (de) * 1994-10-17 1996-11-21 Loedige Maschbau Gmbh Geb Verfahren zur Behandlung von zur Staubentwicklung neigenden Schüttgütern
JP3209941B2 (ja) † 1997-04-28 2001-09-17 花王株式会社 混合方法および混合装置
DE19743983A1 (de) * 1997-10-06 1999-04-15 Loedige Maschbau Gmbh Geb Schüttguteinfüllvorrichtung
DE10018588A1 (de) * 2000-04-14 2001-10-25 Loedige Maschbau Gmbh Geb Verfahren zur Benetzung oder Befeuchtung von Schüttgütern
JP4580299B2 (ja) * 2005-07-25 2010-11-10 ニッポメックス株式会社 液状混合物用ミキサー
MD163Z5 (ro) * 2009-12-24 2010-10-31 Институт Сельскохозяйственной Техники "Mecagro" Malaxor pentru condiţionarea în flux a biomasei

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1607770A1 (de) * 1967-10-27 1969-09-18 Draiswerke Gmbh Mischmaschine
DE2219352C2 (de) * 1972-04-20 1982-05-06 Draiswerke Gmbh, 6800 Mannheim Kontinuierlich arbeitender Ringmischer
DE2261598A1 (de) * 1972-12-15 1974-06-20 Schnitzler Erwin Dr Dipl Ing Beleimmaschine
DE2625923A1 (de) * 1976-06-10 1977-12-22 Fritz Loedige Vorrichtung zum mischen von fluessigkeiten
US4303470A (en) * 1979-06-15 1981-12-01 Weyerhaeuser Company Method and apparatus for mixing gases with a wood pulp slurry
DE3502446A1 (de) * 1985-01-25 1986-07-31 Draiswerke Gmbh, 6800 Mannheim Verfahren und mischer zur herstellung von crumb

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO9012640A1 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110809938A (zh) * 2019-11-18 2020-02-21 湖南省中医药研究院 黄精种子快速萌发的装置及方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1990012640A1 (fr) 1990-11-01
KR0140980B1 (ko) 1998-06-01
EP0469016B1 (fr) 1995-08-23
JPH04504819A (ja) 1992-08-27
DE3913384A1 (de) 1990-10-25
ATE126724T1 (de) 1995-09-15
KR920700754A (ko) 1992-08-10
DE59009560D1 (de) 1995-09-28
DK0469016T3 (da) 1995-12-27

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
DE3601680C2 (fr)
DE3019888C2 (fr)
EP1932427B1 (fr) Dispositif et procédé destinés à mettre des liquides dans des matières sèches pouvant s'écouler ou en vrac
DE2813865A1 (de) Statischer mischer zum mischen von pulver- und/oder suspensionsmaterialien mit fluessigkeitsmaterialien
EP0469016B1 (fr) Procede de production de melanges de poudres
WO2004101132A1 (fr) Procede et dispositif pour appliquer des liquides dans un ecoulement solide de dispositif a lit fluidise
CH686229A5 (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum kontinuierlichen Netzen von Getreide sowie Verwendung der Netzvorrichtung.
DE3622798C2 (fr)
EP0090257A2 (fr) Dispositif pour la production d'un mélange chimiquement réactif d'au moins deux composants plastiques liquides
DE1112968B (de) Vorrichtung zum kontinuierlichen Mischen von Feststoffen mit verfluessigten, vorzugsweise thermoplastischen, insbesondere bituminoesen Bindemitteln
DE3120260A1 (de) Vorrichtung zum befeuchten von schuettguetern
AT398390B (de) Einrichtung zum kontinuierlichen anfeuchten und gleichzeitigen mischen pulverförmiger bis körniger, zu anbackungen neigender güter
DE3137110A1 (de) Verfahren und vorrichtung zum agglomerieren von schuettgut
DE1557124B2 (de) Vorrichtung zum benetzen von schuettguetern
DE19723325C1 (de) Flüssigkeitszugabevorrichtung und Chargenmischer zum Mischen trockener und/oder angefeuchteter Feststoffe und Flüssigkeitszugabe
EP0649717B1 (fr) Appareil pour la fabrication d'un mélange à plusieurs composants
DE3406648C2 (fr)
DE2558946A1 (de) Verfahren zum aufbringen eines ueberzugs auf lose teile und vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens
CH646635A5 (en) Process for gluing chips for the production of chipboards and device for this purpose
DE956350C (de) Trogmischer zum kontinuierlichen Mischen von Holzspaenen oder anderen spanfoermigen Stoffen
DE1061060B (de) Kontinuierlich arbeitende Mischtrommel zur Beleimung von Holzspaenen od. dgl.
EP0277573A2 (fr) Dispositif de distribution pour masse en mousse réactive coulable pour la fabrication de feuilles ou de plaques de mousse
DE1557124C (de) Vorrichtung zum Benetzen von Schutt gutern
AT256046B (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum kontinuierlichen Dispergieren vorwiegend viskoser Substanzen
DE3117682A1 (de) Verfahren und vorrichtung zum kontinuierlichen beleimen von holzspaenen und anderen lignozellulosehaltigen partikeln

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19911016

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK FR GB IT LI LU NL SE

RAP1 Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred)

Owner name: HENKEL KOMMANDITGESELLSCHAFT AUF AKTIEN

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19931111

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK FR GB IT LI LU NL SE

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 126724

Country of ref document: AT

Date of ref document: 19950915

Kind code of ref document: T

ET Fr: translation filed
REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 59009560

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19950928

ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed

Owner name: STUDIO JAUMANN

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DK

Ref legal event code: T3

GBT Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977)

Effective date: 19951124

PLBQ Unpublished change to opponent data

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS OPPO

PLBI Opposition filed

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009260

PLBF Reply of patent proprietor to notice(s) of opposition

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS OBSO

26 Opposition filed

Opponent name: GEBRUEDER LOEDIGE MASCHINENBAUGESELLSCHAFT MBH

Effective date: 19960521

NLR1 Nl: opposition has been filed with the epo

Opponent name: GEBRUEDER LOEDIGE MASCHINENBAUGESELLSCHAFT MBH

PLBF Reply of patent proprietor to notice(s) of opposition

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS OBSO

PLAW Interlocutory decision in opposition

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IDOP

APAC Appeal dossier modified

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS NOAPO

APAE Appeal reference modified

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS REFNO

APAE Appeal reference modified

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS REFNO

APAC Appeal dossier modified

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS NOAPO

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Payment date: 20010404

Year of fee payment: 12

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20010409

Year of fee payment: 12

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DK

Payment date: 20010411

Year of fee payment: 12

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20010411

Year of fee payment: 12

Ref country code: AT

Payment date: 20010411

Year of fee payment: 12

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Payment date: 20010412

Year of fee payment: 12

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Payment date: 20010419

Year of fee payment: 12

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 20010430

Year of fee payment: 12

APAC Appeal dossier modified

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS NOAPO

PLBO Opposition rejected

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS REJO

PLBN Opposition rejected

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009273

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: OPPOSITION REJECTED

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Payment date: 20010621

Year of fee payment: 12

27O Opposition rejected

Effective date: 20010402

NLR2 Nl: decision of opposition
REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: IF02

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20020417

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20020417

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20020417

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20020418

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20020430

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20020430

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20020430

Ref country code: DK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20020430

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20021101

EUG Se: european patent has lapsed

Ref document number: 90906179.8

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20020417

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DK

Ref legal event code: EBP

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20021231

NLV4 Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee

Effective date: 20021101

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED.

Effective date: 20050417

APAH Appeal reference modified

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSCREFNO

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20090409

Year of fee payment: 20

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF EXPIRATION OF PROTECTION

Effective date: 20100417