EP0466851A1 - Dispositif pour mesurer la composition de fluides, en particulier des constituants de gaz d'echappement de moteurs a combustion interne - Google Patents

Dispositif pour mesurer la composition de fluides, en particulier des constituants de gaz d'echappement de moteurs a combustion interne

Info

Publication number
EP0466851A1
EP0466851A1 EP19910901699 EP91901699A EP0466851A1 EP 0466851 A1 EP0466851 A1 EP 0466851A1 EP 19910901699 EP19910901699 EP 19910901699 EP 91901699 A EP91901699 A EP 91901699A EP 0466851 A1 EP0466851 A1 EP 0466851A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
light
light source
receiver
receivers
guiding body
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP19910901699
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Ferdinand Grob
Hubert Dettling
Heinz Stutzenberger
Roger Potschin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP0466851A1 publication Critical patent/EP0466851A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/59—Transmissivity
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
    • G01N21/49—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid
    • G01N21/53—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid within a flowing fluid, e.g. smoke
    • G01N21/534—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid within a flowing fluid, e.g. smoke by measuring transmission alone, i.e. determining opacity
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
    • G01N21/03—Cuvette constructions
    • G01N21/031—Multipass arrangements
    • G01N2021/0314—Double pass, autocollimated path
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2201/00—Features of devices classified in G01N21/00
    • G01N2201/08—Optical fibres; light guides
    • G01N2201/082—Fibres for a reference path
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2201/00—Features of devices classified in G01N21/00
    • G01N2201/08—Optical fibres; light guides
    • G01N2201/084—Fibres for remote transmission

Definitions

  • Device for measuring the composition of fluids in particular the components of exhaust gases from internal combustion engines
  • the invention is based on a device according to the preamble of the main claim.
  • the light-guiding bodies lead to spatially very different locations, the light-guiding bodies being flexible.
  • the device is designed in such a way that part of the light-guiding bodies together with the reflecting arrangement is immersed in the medium to be measured.
  • the device according to the invention has the advantage that it has a very compact design and is very sensitive when stray light is switched off and gives accurate measurement results.
  • Advantageous developments of the device according to the invention are characterized by the subclaims. According to claims 2 and 3, a measurement error is advantageously avoided in that either the light source is regulated to a constant value or the actual light emission is compared directly with the measured value of the measuring section light receiver. A drop in the light output of the light source can be compensated for directly.
  • the embodiment according to claim 4 ensures that the light emitted by the light source is detected very precisely, since a distribution of the reference light receiver over several receivers can detect the spatially emitted light output more precisely.
  • components in the fluids can be advantageously determined which bring about a specific light absorption of the light irradiating them.
  • the components in the fluids can be selectively and precisely measured that have particularly intensive repercussions on these respective light wavelengths.
  • the respective light source can generate the special light source emission more strongly on excitation due to its physical properties, or the special light source emission is brought about by adding optical filters. The same applies to the light receivers.
  • FIG. 1 shows a simplified illustration of the device in longitudinal section
  • FIG. 2 shows a section through the device according to FIG. 1 along the section line II-II.
  • FIG. 1 shows a section through an exhaust pipe 1, which is connected to the exhaust system of an internal combustion engine.
  • Two diametrically opposed openings 2 and 102 are provided in the exhaust pipe, from each of which a light-conducting, rod-shaped body leads away.
  • This can e.g. B. consist of glass, glass fiber or another light-conducting material.
  • a light-guiding body 10 through an opaque layer 3 the z. B. a metal foil, a sheet or in the part facing away from the exhaust can be an opaque plastic layer or film, divided into two halves such that a rod-shaped first light-guiding body 4 and a second light-guiding body 5 are formed, which are optically separated in parallel with one another, rod-shaped extend in the longitudinal direction.
  • the light-guiding bodies 4, 5 which is distant from the exhaust pipe, they open into a housing 6 which encloses a first chamber 8 and a second chamber 9 in a light-tight manner on the inside.
  • the housing can z. B. consist of metal.
  • the two chambers are separated from one another in a light-tight manner by the end of the metal sheet 3 which is led out of the end of the light-conducting body.
  • the first light-guiding body 4 opens into the first chamber 8 and the second light-guiding body 5 into the second chamber 9.
  • This light source can be a light-emitting diode which is arranged on a metal base 15 which forms the end face 12, preferably made of aluminum or copper.
  • the section through the housing 6 according to FIG. 2 shows that in addition to the light source, which is arranged next to it, a reference light receiver 17 is arranged, which can also be a light-sensitive semiconductor. In addition to the one reference light receiver, at least one further reference light receiver 17 'is preferably provided. Light source 14 and reference light receiver 17, 17 'lie tightly opposite the metal sheet 3.
  • a measuring section light receiver 18 is arranged, which is also arranged on the continuous metal floor 15 and which is opposite the end face 20 of the second light-conducting body 5 pointing into the second chamber 9.
  • the first light-guiding body 4 and the second light-guiding body 5 open at right angles into the interior of the gas pipe in such a way that the end faces 21 and 22 there terminate approximately at the inside diameter of the exhaust pipe.
  • the other light-guiding body 23 which is designed as a reflective arrangement with a retro-reflection surface 24 in the form of a 90 ° cone.
  • the device is also associated with an evaluation circuit 26 which is connected via line connections 27, 28 to the light source 14, the reference light receiver 17, 17 'and the measuring section light receiver 18 is connected.
  • the exhaust pipe 1 is flowed through by the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, which contains a concentration of components to be measured, which, for. B. pollutants such as NOX, CH, CO or other chemical compounds resulting from the combustion, but in particular may be soot particles.
  • components to be measured which, for. B. pollutants such as NOX, CH, CO or other chemical compounds resulting from the combustion, but in particular may be soot particles.
  • pollutants such as NOX, CH, CO or other chemical compounds resulting from the combustion, but in particular may be soot particles.
  • Such components of gases influence light which is passed through the exhaust gas in such a way that certain portions of the light absorb more or less strongly depending on the properties of the impurities or components of the exhaust gas.
  • This change, caused by the so-called turbidity of the exhaust gas, of the light sent through the exhaust gas makes it possible to draw conclusions about the components of the exhaust gas from the resulting light.
  • the output intensity of the light can not only be reduced, but the spectral composition of the light can also be changed, on the basis of certain absorption capabilities of the constituents present in the exhaust gas.
  • a statement about the constituents in the exhaust gas can thus be achieved in a simple manner without contact and without further analysis methods.
  • an outgoing light beam 32 is sent vertically from the light source 14 through the end face 11 into the first light-guiding body 4, which emerges again at a right angle on the opposite end face 22 and essentially diametrically through the exhaust pipe, the one with its largest Diameter forms a measuring section 29 at this point, passes.
  • the light enters at right angles on the end face 30 of the other light-guiding body 23 and is rotated by 90 ° at its retroreflection surfaces 24 and reflected back into the exhaust pipe 1 offset to its original direction.
  • the reflected light beam 31 enters the end face 21 of the second light guide at a right angle. enters the body 5, passes through it and enters at its end face 20 into the second chamber 9, where it meets the measuring section light receiver 18.
  • the outgoing light beam 32 passes through the measuring section 29, which then also passes through the reflected light beam 31 in the same length.
  • the change that the light beam experiences in this way can now be determined in the receiver as a light intensity that has changed compared to the output light intensity of the light source 14.
  • the output light intensity of the light source is controlled to a constant value.
  • the reference light receiver 17 is provided in the first chamber 8. This detects the emitted light intensity directly.
  • the measurement result of the reference light receiver is compared with a target value and, depending on the deviation from the target value, the light emission of the light source is readjusted, for example by B. the current flow through the light-emitting diode is increased.
  • this light emission can be equated to a component-free gas in the exhaust pipe.
  • the measured value which is then determined by the measuring section light receiver 18, can be used directly as a measurement result for the degree of turbidity or for the degree of pollution of the exhaust gas by certain components.
  • controllable light source is controlled by the comparison result between a setpoint and the output signal of the measuring section light receiver.
  • the output signal is kept at a constant value and the light emission of the light source that can be determined by the reference light receiver then corresponds to the degree of turbidity of the exhaust gas or the degree of pollution of the exhaust gas by certain components.
  • the measurement can also be carried out in such a way that the light source is not regulated, but that the output light emission of the light source is determined by the reference light receiver and the value emitted by this is compared with that of the measuring section light receiver.
  • the comparison result then also leads to an initial value which corresponds to the turbidity of the exhaust gas or the pollution of the exhaust gas by components.
  • the light source can also predominantly generate its light emission in the range of these light waves in order to specifically detect these components. This is done either by suitable selection of the light source, which then has a specific light spectrum, or else a filter 33 is connected downstream of the light source, as is shown in broken lines in FIG. 1.
  • the measuring section light receiver 18 can also have a certain sensitivity in the spectral range of the light or can be made particularly sensitive to it by an upstream filter 34. In certain cases it is also sufficient that such a filter is only provided on one of the components, light source or measuring section light receiver. The reference light receiver assigned to the light source is then also equipped with such a filter.
  • FIG. 2 shows an embodiment in which a plurality of reference light receivers 17 are assigned to the light source 14. With this assignment, the light emissions of the light source can be recorded more precisely in an advantageous manner by taking their spatial radiation into account.
  • the temperatures of the reference light receiver and measuring section light receiver are approximately the same.
  • the light source and receiver are already placed on the common, highly heat-conducting metal floor 15, via which temperature compensation takes place.
  • both a light source and a reference light receiver and a measuring section light receiver in each of the chambers 8 and 9. The device is operated alternately in such a way that a light source and a reference light receiver are operated in each of the chambers and the measuring section light receiver is in operation in the other of the chambers.
  • each chamber which serves as a reference light receiver and the other time as a measuring section light receiver, depending on the measuring direction. This compensates for temperature differences due to the different operation of different number of optoelectric elements in one or the other chamber.
  • the embodiments described above with changing operating modes can of course also be operated just as well as described above with upstream or downstream light filters. This makes it z. B. possible to operate the device described above not only alternately, but simultaneously.
  • the light source of the first chamber is equipped with an associated reference and measurement light receiver, each with the same filter, but which have a different spectral transmission than the filter, with which the light source of the second chamber can be equipped with an associated reference and measurement light receiver.
  • the components of the exhaust gas can be kept very precisely within wide limits. In particular, drift phenomena are kept to a minimum. Firstly, that temperature compensation between the optoelectric components takes place via the highly heat-conducting metal floor, or even more so that two of the optoelectric components are operated on one side and sometimes on the other side or even simultaneously.
  • the structure of the device is small and compact and the use is universal.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

Il est proposé un dispositif pour mesurer la composition de fluides, en particulier des constituants de gaz d'échappement de moteurs à combustion interne, où le gaz d'échappement à mesurer est traversé par un rayon lumineux (32, 31) sur une distance de mesure (29) et où le gaz d'échappement est plus ou moins affaibli ou modifié suivant la teneur en constituants. Le signal lumineux récepteur est avantageusement capté par un récepteur de lumière de la distance de mesure (18), lequel est étanche à la source de lumière (14) émettant la lumière, et le signal est analysé dans un circuit d'évaluation (26) relativement à l'émission de lumière initiale. De cette façon on obtient d'une manière simple un renseignement précis sur la turbidité du gaz d'échappement ou sur la proportion de charge d'un fluide ou d'un gaz avec des constituants optiquement actifs.
EP19910901699 1990-02-03 1991-01-17 Dispositif pour mesurer la composition de fluides, en particulier des constituants de gaz d'echappement de moteurs a combustion interne Withdrawn EP0466851A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4003176A DE4003176A1 (de) 1990-02-03 1990-02-03 Vorrichtung zum messen der zusammensetzung von fluiden, insbesondere der bestandteile von abgasen von brennkraftmaschinen
DE4003176 1990-02-03

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0466851A1 true EP0466851A1 (fr) 1992-01-22

Family

ID=6399335

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19910901699 Withdrawn EP0466851A1 (fr) 1990-02-03 1991-01-17 Dispositif pour mesurer la composition de fluides, en particulier des constituants de gaz d'echappement de moteurs a combustion interne

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US5241367A (fr)
EP (1) EP0466851A1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH04505967A (fr)
KR (1) KR920701814A (fr)
DE (1) DE4003176A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1991011702A1 (fr)

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US5485276A (en) * 1994-09-22 1996-01-16 Spectral Sciences Inc. Multi-pass optical cell species concentration measurement system
US5589629A (en) * 1995-04-25 1996-12-31 Quinn; Stephen J. Method and apparatus for testing vehicle exhaust emissions
US5961314A (en) * 1997-05-06 1999-10-05 Rosemount Aerospace Inc. Apparatus for detecting flame conditions in combustion systems
AT2226U1 (de) * 1997-07-28 1998-06-25 Avl List Gmbh Vorrichtung zur trübungsmessung
FR2819311B1 (fr) * 2001-01-05 2003-06-13 Commissariat Energie Atomique Dispositif de mesure de concentration de gaz
DE10124235B4 (de) 2001-05-18 2004-08-12 Esytec Energie- Und Systemtechnik Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur umfassenden Charakterisierung und Kontrolle des Abgases und der Regelung von Motoren, speziell von Verbrennungsmotoren, und von Komponenten der Abgasnachbehandlung
DE10255769B4 (de) * 2002-11-28 2007-11-08 Daimlerchrysler Ag Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur optischen Gas- und Partikelmessung
US7170608B2 (en) * 2003-01-02 2007-01-30 Scott Russell Burge Simplified analytical apparatus for field deployable measurements of molecular absorbance and florescence
DE10344111B4 (de) * 2003-09-24 2005-10-27 Daimlerchrysler Ag Sensoranordnung zur optischen Vermessung eines Abgasstromes in einer Abgasleitung
DE102005036525B3 (de) * 2005-08-03 2006-11-09 Siemens Ag Anordnung zur Bestimmung der Gastemperatur eines Gases sowie Verwendung der Anordnung zur Bestimmung der Gastemperatur eines Gases
US8469700B2 (en) 2005-09-29 2013-06-25 Rosemount Inc. Fouling and corrosion detector for burner tips in fired equipment
US7870779B2 (en) * 2007-04-24 2011-01-18 Thermo King Corporation Structure and method to verify diesel particulate filter operation
GB2449433B (en) * 2007-05-21 2009-12-09 Clairair Ltd Optical gas sensor
US8223337B2 (en) * 2008-10-31 2012-07-17 Cummins Inc. Apparatus, system, and method for aftertreatment control and diagnostics
US9194273B2 (en) 2008-10-31 2015-11-24 Cummins Inc. Apparatus, system, and method for aftertreatment control and diagnostics
US8648322B2 (en) * 2008-10-31 2014-02-11 Cummins Inc. Optical sensing in an adverse environment
DE102008044171B4 (de) 2008-11-28 2022-08-11 Robert Bosch Gmbh Optischer Sensor, Abgasstrang und Verfahren zum Betrieb des Sensors
FR2940447B1 (fr) * 2008-12-23 2011-10-21 Continental Automotive France Spectrometre miniature embarque dans un vehicule automobile a detecteur de mesure et detecteur de reference unique
US8218147B2 (en) 2010-06-18 2012-07-10 Cummins Inc. Apparatus, system, and method for detecting engine fluid constituents
US8004695B1 (en) 2010-08-16 2011-08-23 Paccar Inc. Measurement of film thickness in motor exhaust systems
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5241367A (en) 1993-08-31
DE4003176A1 (de) 1991-08-08
WO1991011702A1 (fr) 1991-08-08
KR920701814A (ko) 1992-08-12
JPH04505967A (ja) 1992-10-15

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