EP0466007B1 - Method of operation of a coating device comprising a roller having a metal core and a rubber cover - Google Patents
Method of operation of a coating device comprising a roller having a metal core and a rubber cover Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0466007B1 EP0466007B1 EP91110992A EP91110992A EP0466007B1 EP 0466007 B1 EP0466007 B1 EP 0466007B1 EP 91110992 A EP91110992 A EP 91110992A EP 91110992 A EP91110992 A EP 91110992A EP 0466007 B1 EP0466007 B1 EP 0466007B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- roller
- core
- temperature
- casing
- coating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C1/00—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is applied to the surface of the work by contact with a member carrying the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. a porous member loaded with a liquid to be applied as a coating
- B05C1/04—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is applied to the surface of the work by contact with a member carrying the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. a porous member loaded with a liquid to be applied as a coating for applying liquid or other fluent material to work of indefinite length
- B05C1/08—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is applied to the surface of the work by contact with a member carrying the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. a porous member loaded with a liquid to be applied as a coating for applying liquid or other fluent material to work of indefinite length using a roller or other rotating member which contacts the work along a generating line
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H23/00—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper
- D21H23/02—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper characterised by the manner in which substances are added
- D21H23/22—Addition to the formed paper
- D21H23/52—Addition to the formed paper by contacting paper with a device carrying the material
- D21H23/56—Rolls
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
- this disadvantage is intended to be substantially limited, which is achieved in that the roller core receives a higher temperature than the plastic sheath applied to it.
- the roller can be heated directly by a flowing heat transfer medium or by heating rods or windings. Indirect measures or means for increasing the temperature of the metal roller core can also be used.
- the measure according to the invention prevents the water from penetrating too strongly from the surface of the roll shell and from the coating composition into the roll shell in the direction of the roll core. Of course, this is otherwise very slow, but still too fast for an acceptable service life of the roller during its operational use.
- the surface temperature of the roller core is slightly higher than the surface temperature of the roller shell, in each case radially on the outside. In general, no temperature difference greater than 50 K will be used.
- Heated rolls are known in a wide variety of designs, but they are purely metal rolls, from which a high surface temperature is required, for example for the predominant use in calenders.
- a thin layer of high thermal conductivity is arranged on the inside of the solid, thick roll casing in order to uniformly heat the roll casing.
- the inner layer is made of copper, about 5 mm thick, and the casing is made of chilled cast iron (steel).
- the problem to be solved there was to avoid a filling liquid of the inside of the roll with the corresponding inertia of the heat transfer during the heating and cooling of the roll.
- roller according to DE-A-37 41 232 with a rubber jacket on a metal core is heated from the inside solely for the purpose of applying a color which is hotly released from a carrier tape to a carrier, in particular as a lettering or number. Neither water nor other moisture or solvents occur here. It is also only a very small roller about 15 cm in length, which is cheap and can be replaced more often without great expense.
- the roll core with 1 and the roll shell with 2 the roll core is a hollow cylinder made of metal, preferably steel.
- This hollow cylinder is closed at the end and has stub shafts 3 and 4, which also have a central through bore 5. This results in natural channels for the supply and discharge of heating fluid or heating gas.
- the temperature of the roller core has to be kept only a few degrees above the ambient temperature or the temperature of the coating compound, if it is heated and thus also heats the roller jacket.
- the coating is not heated above the ambient temperature. So heating the roller to about 30 to 50 ° C is sufficient. A natural temperature gradient is then established from the roll core to the surface of the roll shell.
- a temperature difference between the surface of the jacket and the surface of the roll core of 0.1 K is sufficient, a range between 1 and 20 K is preferred.
- Another possibility would of course be to provide heating rods or heating coils on the inner surface of the hollow cylindrical roller core.
- the electrical heating power would then have to be transmitted to a stub shaft via slip rings.
- FIG. 2 A further possibility is shown in FIG. 2, where eddy currents are generated in the same by inductive coupling of an electromagnet and the roller core, which eddy heating of the core.
- the electromagnet is there from an iron core 8 with at least one winding 9.
- heating rods 6 and heating windings 7 are also indicated in slots 10 of the roller core.
- the process according to the invention can be advantageously carried out in a coating device with two press rolls according to US-A-48 48 268 or in a feed device for coating material with at least one counter roll guiding the paper or cardboard web over a certain wrap angle, e.g. according to US-A-42 50 211 can be used.
Landscapes
- Paper (AREA)
- Rolls And Other Rotary Bodies (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
- Registering, Tensioning, Guiding Webs, And Rollers Therefor (AREA)
- Delivering By Means Of Belts And Rollers (AREA)
- Coating Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren entsprechend dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a method according to the preamble of
Solche Verfahren werden vielfach dort angewendet, wo eine Beschichtung von Papier oder Karton in einem zwischen zwei Walzen gebildeten Preßspalt erfolgt (siehe die US-A-4 848 268). Dabei wird im allgemeinen eine geringe Auftragsmenge (spezifisches Flächengewicht) aufgetragen. Die Beschichtungsmassen weisen als Lösungsmittel üblicherweise erhebliche Mengen Wasser auf.Such methods are widely used where paper or cardboard is coated in a press nip formed between two rollers (see US Pat. No. 4,848,268). In general, a small application quantity (specific basis weight) is applied. The coating compositions usually have considerable amounts of water as a solvent.
Bei Walzen, die mit einem Kunststoff, z.B. Polyurethan oder Polyamid, beschichtet sind, besteht die Gefahr, daß durch Hydrolyse Schädigungen auftreten, insbesondere der Haftschicht, die die Verbindung zwischen dem Kunststoffmantel und dem metallischen Walzenkern herstellt. Ferner kommt es zu einem Aufweichen des Kunststoffmantels, was zu einer Härteänderung desselben und einer Verminderung der Festigkeit desselben führt. Dadurch wird natürlich die Standzeit einer solchen Walze stark beeinträchtigt, und sie muß frühzeitig ausgewechselt werden.In the case of rolls which are coated with a plastic, for example polyurethane or polyamide, there is a risk that damage will occur as a result of hydrolysis, in particular the adhesive layer which establishes the connection between the plastic casing and the metallic roll core. Furthermore, there is a softening of the plastic jacket, which leads to a change in its hardness and a reduction in its strength. This of course will The service life of such a roller is greatly impaired and it must be replaced at an early stage.
Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1 soll dieser Nachteil wesentlich eingeschränkt werden, was dadurch geschieht, daß der Walzenkern eine höhere Temperatur erhält als der darauf aufgebrachte Mantel aus Kunststoff.With the method according to the invention as claimed in
Mann kann zu dem Zweck die Walze direkt durch ein strömendes Wärmeträgermedium oder durch Heizstäbe oder -wicklungen beheizen. Auch indirekte Maßnahmen oder Mittel zur Temperaturerhöhung des metallenen Walzenkerns können zur Anwendung kommen.For this purpose, the roller can be heated directly by a flowing heat transfer medium or by heating rods or windings. Indirect measures or means for increasing the temperature of the metal roller core can also be used.
Durch die erfindungsgemäße Maßnahme wird nämlich verhindert, daß das Wasser von der Oberfläche des Walzenmantels und von der Beschichtungsmasse her in den Walzenmantel in Richtung auf den Walzenkern in zu starkem Maße eindringt. Dies geht natürlich sonst an sich nur sehr langsam vonstatten, jedoch noch zu schnell für eine akzeptable Standzeit der Walze bei deren betrieblichen Einsatz. Insbesondere ist es nur nötig, daß die Oberflächentemperatur des Walzenkerns geringfügig höher ist als die Oberflächentemperatur des Walzenmantels, jeweils radial außen. Im allgemeinen wird man keinen größeren Temperaturunterschied als 50 K anwenden.The measure according to the invention prevents the water from penetrating too strongly from the surface of the roll shell and from the coating composition into the roll shell in the direction of the roll core. Of course, this is otherwise very slow, but still too fast for an acceptable service life of the roller during its operational use. In particular, it is only necessary that the surface temperature of the roller core is slightly higher than the surface temperature of the roller shell, in each case radially on the outside. In general, no temperature difference greater than 50 K will be used.
Beheizbare Walzen sind zwar in den verschiedensten Ausführungen bekannt, jedoch handelt es sich dabei um rein metallene Walzen, von denen eine hohe Oberflächentemperatur gefordert wird, z.B. für den vorherrschenden Einsatzzweck in Kalandern. Im Fall der DE-A-1 146 787 ist bei einer Kalanderwalze an der Innenseite des soliden, dicken Walzenmantels eine dünne Schicht hoher Wärmeleitfähigkeit angeordnet, um den Walzenmantel gleichmäßig zu erwärmen. Beispielsweise soll die innere Schicht aus Kupfer, etwa 5 mm dick und der Mantel aus Hartguß (Stahl) bestehen. Das dort zu lösende Problem war es, eine Füllflüssigkeit des Walzeninneren mit der entsprechenden Trägheit des Wärmeübergangs beim Aufheizen und Abkühlen der Walze zu vermeiden.Heated rolls are known in a wide variety of designs, but they are purely metal rolls, from which a high surface temperature is required, for example for the predominant use in calenders. In the case of DE-A-1 146 787, in the case of a calender roll, a thin layer of high thermal conductivity is arranged on the inside of the solid, thick roll casing in order to uniformly heat the roll casing. For example, the inner layer is made of copper, about 5 mm thick, and the casing is made of chilled cast iron (steel). The problem to be solved there was to avoid a filling liquid of the inside of the roll with the corresponding inertia of the heat transfer during the heating and cooling of the roll.
Die Walze nach der DE-A-37 41 232 mit einem Gummimantel auf einem Metallkern wird allein zu dem Zweck von innen beheizt, eine sich heiß von einem Trägerband lösende Farbe auf einen Träger aufzubringen, insbesondere als Schriftzug oder Zahl. Hierbei treten weder Wasser noch sonstige Feuchtigkeit oder Lösungsmittel auf. Es handelt sich dabei auch nur um eine sehr kleine Walze von etwa 15 cm Länge, die billig ist und ohne große Kosten öfter erneuert werden kann.The roller according to DE-A-37 41 232 with a rubber jacket on a metal core is heated from the inside solely for the purpose of applying a color which is hotly released from a carrier tape to a carrier, in particular as a lettering or number. Neither water nor other moisture or solvents occur here. It is also only a very small roller about 15 cm in length, which is cheap and can be replaced more often without great expense.
Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand den Figuren der Zeichnung dargestellt, wobei
- Fig. 1
- einen prinzipmäßigen Axialschnitt durch eine Walze und
- Fig. 2
- einen Querschnitt durch eine Walze mit einer anderen Ausführungsform der Heizeinrichtung darstellt.
- Fig. 1
- a basic axial section through a roller and
- Fig. 2
- shows a cross section through a roller with another embodiment of the heating device.
In Fig. 1 ist der Walzenkern mit 1 und der Walzenmantel mit 2 bezeichnet, wobei der Walzenkern ein Hohlzylinder aus Metall, vorzugsweise Stahl, ist. Dieser Hohlzylinder ist stirnseitig abgeschlossen und weist Wellenstümpfe 3 bzw. 4 auf, die ebenfalls eine zentrale Durchgangsbohrung 5 aufweisen. Dadurch ergeben sich natürliche Kanäle für die Zuleitung und Ableitung von Heizflüssigkeit oder Heizgas. Die Temperatur des Walzenkerns muß ja nur sehr wenige Grad oberhalb der Umgebungstemperatur bzw. der Temperatur der Streichmasse gehalten werden, falls diese erwärmt ist und somit auch den Walzenmantel erwärmt.In Fig. 1, the roll core with 1 and the roll shell with 2, the roll core is a hollow cylinder made of metal, preferably steel. This hollow cylinder is closed at the end and has stub shafts 3 and 4, which also have a central through
In manchen Fällen findet jedoch keine Erwärmung der Streichmasse über die Umgebungstemperatur hinaus statt. So reicht dann eine Erwärmung der Walze auf etwa 30 bis 50°C. Es stellt sich dann ein natürlicher Temperatur-Gradient von dem Walzenkern zur Oberfläche des Walzenmantels ein.In some cases, however, the coating is not heated above the ambient temperature. So heating the roller to about 30 to 50 ° C is sufficient. A natural temperature gradient is then established from the roll core to the surface of the roll shell.
Es reicht theoretisch eine Temperatur-Differenz zwischen der Oberfläche des Mantels und der Oberfläche des Walzenkerns von 0,1 K, bevorzugt wird ein Bereich zwischen 1 und 20 K.Theoretically, a temperature difference between the surface of the jacket and the surface of the roll core of 0.1 K is sufficient, a range between 1 and 20 K is preferred.
Um eine besonders gleichmäßige Erwärmung der Walze zu erreichen, können besondere Einbauten vorgesehen werden, wie es z.B. aus DE-A-32 39 471 und DE-A-38 02 477 sowie aus der US-A-43 51 386 und der US-A-42 52 184 bekannt ist.In order to achieve a particularly uniform heating of the roller, special internals can be provided, e.g. is known from DE-A-32 39 471 and DE-A-38 02 477 as well as from US-A-43 51 386 and US-A-42 52 184.
Eine andere Möglichkeit wäre natürlich, an der Innenoberfläche des hohlzylindrisch ausgebildeten Walzenkerns Heizstäbe oder Heizwicklungen vorzusehen. Die elektrische Heizleistung müßte dann über Schleifringe an einen Wellenstumpf übertragen werden.Another possibility would of course be to provide heating rods or heating coils on the inner surface of the hollow cylindrical roller core. The electrical heating power would then have to be transmitted to a stub shaft via slip rings.
Eine weitere Möglichkeit ist in Fig. 2 dargestellt, wo durch induktive Kopplung von einem Elektromagneten und dem Walzenkern Wirbelströme in demselben hervorgerufen werden, die zu einer Aufheizung des Kerns führen. Der Elektromagnet besteht dabei aus einem Eisenkern 8 mit zumindest einer Wicklung 9. In Fig.2 sind noch Heizstäbe 6 und Heizwicklungen 7 in Nuten 10 des Walzenkerns angedeutet.A further possibility is shown in FIG. 2, where eddy currents are generated in the same by inductive coupling of an electromagnet and the roller core, which eddy heating of the core. The electromagnet is there from an
Eine mögliche Erklärung für den Effekt ist diese: Es gelangen zwar immer noch einige Wassermoleküle bis zur Haftschicht des Walzenbezugs (Kunststoffmantel), jedoch nicht in so großer Menge, daß "Feuchtigkeitsnester" gebildet werden. Somit kann die "Feuchtigkeit" nicht ihr zerstörerisches Werk ausführen.A possible explanation for the effect is this: Some water molecules still reach the adhesive layer of the roller cover (plastic jacket), but not in such a large amount that "moisture pockets" are formed. Thus, the "moisture" cannot do its destructive work.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren kann günstig in einer Streicheinrichtung mit zwei Preßwalzen nach US-A-48 48 268 oder in einer Zufuhreinrichtung für Streichmasse mit zumindest einer die Papier- oder Kartonbahn über einen gewissen Umschlingungswinkel führenden Gegenwalze, z.B. nach US-A-42 50 211, angewendet werden.The process according to the invention can be advantageously carried out in a coating device with two press rolls according to US-A-48 48 268 or in a feed device for coating material with at least one counter roll guiding the paper or cardboard web over a certain wrap angle, e.g. according to US-A-42 50 211 can be used.
Claims (5)
- Method of operating a coating device for coating paper or carton with an aqueous spreading or coating substance formulated on a pigmentation base or starch, comprising a coating roller or counter roller comprising a core (1) and a casing (2), in which respect the core (1) is made of metal, preferably steel, and the casing (2) is made of a rubber or caoutchouc elastic material, characterised in that the temperature of the metallic core (1), at least in the region of the transitional surface to the casing (2), is higher by at least 0.1 K.
- Method according to claim 1, characterised in that the temperature of the metal core (1), at least in the region of the transitional surface to the rubber or caoutchouc elastic casing (2), is raised by between 0.1 to 20 K.
- Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that heated gases, vapours or liquids are ducted into the roller to serve as a heating medium.
- Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the roller casing (2) is exposed to changing high frequency magnetic fields.
- Method according to one of claims 1 - 4, characterised in that the casing (2) is, at least in the transitional area to the core (1), raised to a temperature which is maximum 20 K higher than the temperature of the delivered spreading substance, or to a temperature of maximum 50°C.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4022334A DE4022334C2 (en) | 1990-07-13 | 1990-07-13 | Process for operating a commissioned work for paper or cardboard and commissioned work therefor |
| DE4022334 | 1990-07-13 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0466007A2 EP0466007A2 (en) | 1992-01-15 |
| EP0466007A3 EP0466007A3 (en) | 1992-07-22 |
| EP0466007B1 true EP0466007B1 (en) | 1995-01-25 |
Family
ID=6410224
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP91110992A Expired - Lifetime EP0466007B1 (en) | 1990-07-13 | 1991-07-03 | Method of operation of a coating device comprising a roller having a metal core and a rubber cover |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0466007B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH05195496A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE117598T1 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9102911A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2047045A1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE4022334C2 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI97407C (en) |
| NO (1) | NO912593L (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE29701547U1 (en) * | 1997-01-30 | 1997-03-20 | Voith Sulzer Papiermasch Gmbh | Roller for application device |
| DE19954007A1 (en) * | 1999-06-18 | 2000-12-21 | Voith Sulzer Papiertech Patent | Coating rollers forming nip in coating machinery used in production and finishing of paper and card, with direct or indirect application, combine quantified hardness with resilience |
| US6977011B2 (en) | 1999-06-18 | 2005-12-20 | Voith Paper Patent Gmbh | Roller provided for use in coating machines |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19758443A1 (en) * | 1997-03-14 | 1998-09-24 | Voith Sulzer Finishing Gmbh | Smoothing unit |
| DE19821446A1 (en) * | 1998-05-13 | 1999-11-18 | Voith Sulzer Papiertech Patent | Assembly to apply a liquid or paste coating to the surfaces of a moving paper or cardboard web |
| JP4567917B2 (en) * | 2001-06-29 | 2010-10-27 | デュプロ精工株式会社 | Adhesive applicator |
| JP4515116B2 (en) * | 2004-03-04 | 2010-07-28 | 株式会社デュプロ | Gluing device |
| JP5895012B2 (en) * | 2014-03-17 | 2016-03-30 | 大王製紙株式会社 | Adhesive glue applicator |
| KR102084939B1 (en) * | 2018-09-07 | 2020-03-05 | 김형표 | Coating Roller for Metal Plate |
| KR102230926B1 (en) * | 2020-02-26 | 2021-03-22 | 김형표 | Coating Roller for Metal Plate |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4848268A (en) * | 1984-05-11 | 1989-07-18 | J. M. Voith Gmbh | Apparatus and method for applying a liquid to a moving web |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1146787B (en) * | 1957-01-10 | 1963-04-04 | Richard Billhoefer Maschinenfa | Calender roller for the production of lacquer coatings |
| DE2927198A1 (en) * | 1979-07-05 | 1981-01-15 | Maschf Augsburg Nuernberg Ag | COOLING ROLLER WITH AN OUTER ROLL COVER AND AN INNER BODY |
| US4252184A (en) * | 1980-03-10 | 1981-02-24 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Control of oil distribution in heated embossing rolls |
| ES8207272A1 (en) * | 1981-10-08 | 1982-08-16 | Argemi Sans Valeriano | Cooling system for a rotating roller |
| DE3741232A1 (en) * | 1987-12-05 | 1989-06-15 | Utsch Kg Erich | Apparatus for colouring embossed plates, in particular motor vehicle registration plates |
| DE3802477A1 (en) * | 1988-01-28 | 1989-08-10 | Voith Gmbh J M | COOLING ROLLER |
-
1990
- 1990-07-13 DE DE4022334A patent/DE4022334C2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1991
- 1991-07-02 NO NO91912593A patent/NO912593L/en unknown
- 1991-07-03 AT AT91110992T patent/ATE117598T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-07-03 EP EP91110992A patent/EP0466007B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-07-03 DE DE59104374T patent/DE59104374D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-07-05 BR BR919102911A patent/BR9102911A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1991-07-08 JP JP3193410A patent/JPH05195496A/en active Pending
- 1991-07-12 FI FI913383A patent/FI97407C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-07-15 CA CA002047045A patent/CA2047045A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4848268A (en) * | 1984-05-11 | 1989-07-18 | J. M. Voith Gmbh | Apparatus and method for applying a liquid to a moving web |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE29701547U1 (en) * | 1997-01-30 | 1997-03-20 | Voith Sulzer Papiermasch Gmbh | Roller for application device |
| DE19954007A1 (en) * | 1999-06-18 | 2000-12-21 | Voith Sulzer Papiertech Patent | Coating rollers forming nip in coating machinery used in production and finishing of paper and card, with direct or indirect application, combine quantified hardness with resilience |
| US6977011B2 (en) | 1999-06-18 | 2005-12-20 | Voith Paper Patent Gmbh | Roller provided for use in coating machines |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0466007A2 (en) | 1992-01-15 |
| DE59104374D1 (en) | 1995-03-09 |
| NO912593L (en) | 1992-01-14 |
| CA2047045A1 (en) | 1992-01-14 |
| NO912593D0 (en) | 1991-07-02 |
| DE4022334C2 (en) | 1994-02-24 |
| DE4022334A1 (en) | 1992-01-16 |
| FI97407B (en) | 1996-08-30 |
| EP0466007A3 (en) | 1992-07-22 |
| FI913383A0 (en) | 1991-07-12 |
| JPH05195496A (en) | 1993-08-03 |
| BR9102911A (en) | 1992-04-28 |
| ATE117598T1 (en) | 1995-02-15 |
| FI913383A (en) | 1992-01-14 |
| FI97407C (en) | 1996-12-10 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19910703 |
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