DE1245993B - Method and apparatus for printing a pattern on a carrier material - Google Patents

Description

FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY

EUCHES

PATENT OFFICE

EDITORIAL

Int. CL:

B41m

German class: i5k-8/03

Number: 1245 993 B 4 1 M

File number: R 28504 VI b / 15 k

Filing date: August 6, 1960

Opened on August 3, 1967

1-00

The invention relates to a method and a corresponding device for printing a pattern into one which is applied in the flowable state to a movable carrier surface with pressure, first underlay or carrier material that hardens after application, while this is in liquid, semi-solid or doughy state.

In previous printing processes in this regard, the material that forms the print pattern is should, usually applied to the base or the carrier material while this is in solid State. If this document material is absorbent, as is the case with paper, for example, then it is difficult to produce a very fine, clear print pattern as a material for the print pattern Ordinary ink is used, which penetrates into the substrate material and is often over the provided contours of the print pattern to be produced going beyond spread. In cases where the backing material is not readily absorbent, such as B. with glossy paper, plastic material and the like, it is difficult to prevent the pattern material from being on the surface beyond the contours of the print pattern to flow out. Furthermore, to avoid blurring or smearing of the Great care must be taken with the pattern-forming material. Printing processes that use conventional Working materials, such as paper and the usual inks, yield products that are under unfavorable Conditions such as a humid environment or rough, careless use or the like have a short life in terms of the print pattern; also have such products a very short lifespan if the papers experience severe tugging, heavy wear and tear be subjected. If the pad or backing material is not absorbent, such as. B. Glossy paper or synthetic, commercially available plastic material, then it is difficult to smear and Avoid running of the pattern-forming material on the surface of the base. Farther In the case of plastic material for the backing, the patterning material can usually easily be removed from the backing abraded or worn away.

So far, printing patterns have also been produced in a coating applied to the substrate by certain parts of this coating have been etched away so that only those parts remain which form the printed pattern form. Such a technique is used, for example, for printing electrical circuits, wherein conductive material, e.g. B. metal, is applied to an insulating layer which, for. B. from syntheti-process and apparatus for printing a pattern on a substrate

Applicant:

Stanley F. Reed, McLean, Va. (V. St. A.)

Representative:

Dipl.-Ing. A. Berglein, patent attorney, Munich 22, Widenmayerstr. 49

Named as inventor:

Stanley F. Reed, McLean, Va. (V. St. A.)

Claimed priority:

V. St. ν. America August 17, 1959 (831926)

Shem plastic or paper consists, in which case parts of the metal layer are etched away so that then only the circuit elements remain. This process is both expensive and time consuming. It is also difficult to properly measure the amount of etching and hence the accuracy of the print pattern, which is formed by the conductive material remaining after the etching process will secure.

It is also difficult, expensive, or impossible to make an etched model in which the depth or the thickness of the coating metal layer should be different at different locations or points. Electrical conductors must e.g. B. are generally made stronger when a higher amperage capacity is required.

So far, tapes for generating electromagnetic pulses have been made by on a backing material such as synthetic plastic, a uniform coating of magnetic Particle was applied. Then electromagnetic impulses are applied to the tape for magnetization of the particles caused to act in such a way that they form a pattern. Here you can the pulses are reproduced by passing the tape through a suitable device, the reacts to the magnetization of the particles. It has therefore proven difficult to make a tape.

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len, in which the information applied is permanent and are not subject to accidental destruction.

So far, patterns on leaves, fabrics and ribbons have also been produced by common photo techniques, but such techniques were relatively expensive and also time consuming.

It has been proposed to use a solvent-softened printing material in the form of a printing pattern to be applied to a hardened film by means of adhesive action. It has also been suggested that Carrier material on a previously prepared by applying the printing material and its solvent Apply the roller in a flowable state and allow it to harden. Again, there is only an adhesive effect strived for and achieved between carrier material and printing material. This can also be a Color material can be made adhesive by the solvent and applied to a carrier film. So these suggestions are limited to color samples. In practice, however, there is a need according to a printing process and a device with which any printing material, including such, which metal particles, preferably contains electrically conductive metal particles, on a backing or Support material can be applied as it is, for. B. for printed electrical circuit diagrams with high accuracy and uniformity of quality is desired. According to the known The printing process is significantly improved and the needs of the practice are taken into account by that in a method of the aforementioned type any printing or patterning material in a respectively desired pattern applied to a support surface provided for this purpose and on this held by gravity and / or other means until it is in a flowable state with the supplied or received in this state carrier material brought together, penetrated by this and limited to the pattern sites, is enclosed, whereupon the carrier material to harden is brought. The feeding of the printing or patterning material with the carrier material is on carried out at a point between two surfaces moving in the same direction, the space between them moving in the direction of movement using the force of gravity in the flowable state and in Free falling river supplied carrier material narrowed. The liquid carrier material can with a fibrous filler material are mixed supplied after the hardening of the carrier material in this remains. In parallel and in the same direction as the carrier material supplied in liquid form, it can be used at its junction a web of paper or other material is fed with the print material, which is moved at the same speed as the carrier material and after hardening of the carrier material remains connected to it for its support and reinforcement (FIG. 6). The flowable one Carrier material can be poured onto the circumference of a rotating, uncooled roller, from which it falls by its own weight in a free vertical fall onto the gaps of one or more in vertical sequence of uncooled roller pairs connected in series as different carrier surfaces Printing or patterning material and passed onto the falling flowable carrier material before it is hardened after the various print samples have been taken. As printing material an electrically conductive substance or a substance permeable to magnetic lines of force can be used will.

Further details and possible embodiments of the invention are given in the description in Connection with the drawing explained in more detail.

In the drawing are some embodiments of the device according to the invention for implementation of the process and the products made with it shown schematically. It shows

F i g. 1 shows a schematic representation of the device for carrying out the preferred exemplary embodiment of the method according to the invention,
2a shows one of the cylinders shown in FIG. 1 in a perspective view,

F i g. 2 b a part of a printed article in longitudinal section,

F i g. 2c a part of an electrical multiple cable in perspective view, partly in cross section,

F i g. 2 d a part of a printed object with the pigment particles, individually or as a whole of Document material surrounded, in a greatly enlarged fragmentary longitudinal section,

F i g. 3 shows a schematic representation of a device for carrying out a further embodiment the method according to the invention,

F i g. 4 a shows a surface part of one of the pressure rollers in connection with the preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention in enlarged fragmentary cross-section,

4b shows a surface part of one of the pressure rollers in connection with another embodiment of the method according to the invention in enlarged fragmentary cross-section,

F i g. 5 shows a schematic representation of an apparatus for carrying out a third embodiment of the method according to the invention, in which the Particles of the patterning material applied by means of an electrostatic transfer process in accordance with the information to be printed,

F i g. Figure 6 shows part of an apparatus for producing high quality printing on a relatively cheap basis Document in an enlarged fragmentary view,

7 shows a schematic representation of an apparatus for carrying out another embodiment of the method according to the invention, wherein information is transferred to semi-rigid fabric from documents or carrier material are printed,

F i g. 8 shows a schematic representation of a device for carrying out a further embodiment of the method according to the invention, in particular for the production of strips or ribbons, e.g. magnetic tapes,

F i g. 9 shows a schematic representation of a device for carrying out the method according to the invention for producing a printed representation of a modulated electrical signal on an optical Tape or on a magnetic tape,

Fig. 10 is a schematic representation of a device for carrying out a further embodiment of the method according to the invention, in which a stream of tissue-like liquid is applied to a flat plate for printing,

11 is a schematic partial section through a Device according to the invention, which is particularly suitable for

Manufacture of printed electrical circuit diagrams is used,

Figure 12 is a reduced top perspective view on the in F i g. 11 device shown,

13a to 13c are schematic representations showing the successive manufacturing steps a printed circuit diagram as produced by the apparatus of FIG.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a base or carrier material is used for Formation of a sheet, a film or a web of material is used on which the pattern-forming material is applied to form the desired pattern. The backing or support material is in the early stages liquid and is caused to form a free falling stream so that it is covered with a pad or a carrier comes into contact, which the pattern-forming material in the desired Shape on its surface. The liquid substrate or carrier material begins to solidify, while it is in contact with the patterning material, and the transfer occurs at the same time of the pattern-forming material into the surface of the backing or carrier material in which it is permanently embedded.

After contact with the pattern-forming material, the liquid base or carrier material solidifies to a semi-solid mass and then to a solid mass, whereby it is then a coherent Fabric web forms.

In other embodiments of the method according to the invention, the transmission of the causing pattern-forming particles in the surface of the base or carrier material during this is either in a liquid or semi-solid state.

In Fig. 1 is an injection molding machine 10 for spraying a layer of liquid web material 12 used on the surface of a roller 14. The liquid web 12 is preferably made of plastic material, which is kept in the injection molding machine 10 by high temperatures in the liquid state. It but can also consist of any other material that can be used at normal room temperature assumes solid form but is easily meltable. The fabric sheet material can either be made of heat sensitive or thermoplastic material, such as. Nylon, which are liquid at about 500 ° F (260 ° C) and is suitable for use. The web material preferably wets the material which the rollers pass.

The roller 14 is rotated counterclockwise and takes the liquid web material 12 on their surface. After the liquid web material 12 around part of the circumference of the Roller 14 is passed around, it meets another roller 16, which turns clockwise with the same Circumferential speed as the roller 14 rotates and cooled down to a very low temperature by a cooling agent axially introduced through a pipe 18 flowing through the roller 16. As soon as that liquid web material 12 comes into contact with the cooled roller 16, it begins to solidify and appears at 20 as a solid web of fabric with a thickness approximately the distance of rollers 14 and 16 corresponds to each other.

Both rollers 14 and 16 have engraved surfaces or are otherwise indented provided in accordance with the information to be printed on the web of material, as shown in FIG. 2 a can be seen is. F i g. 2a also shows the way in which the coolant is supplied to the roller 16 and out of this again is derived. In addition to their function as coolant and drainage lines, the tubes 18 simultaneously form the axis of rotation for the roller 16. Each tube 18 is also provided with a coupling or bearing arrangement 23 connected and at the same time allows the

ίο Flow of the coolant through the subsequent Pipes 25, which are arranged in a stationary manner, so do not rotate. The coolant that may be can consist of ethylene glycol is circulated through a cooling device

“5 that its temperature is closely controlled before it is reinserted into the cooled roller 16. The roller 16 is provided with a surface that is a has a very high thermal conductivity and which can consist of any suitable metal. This surface is preferably relatively thin-walled, so that a lot of heat is transferred within a short time so that in this way the surface temperature of the cooled roller 16 is fairly constant and remains unchangeable.

Depressions 21 in the surface of the rollers 16 and 14 become as each roller rotates filled with small pigment particles, which are passed through hopper 22 and 24 to the applicators 26 and 28 are introduced. Scraper knives 30 and 32 on each roller remove the excess From the pigment, so that it is only embedded in the depressions 21 of the rollers that are used for the printing Information are provided.

The small pigment particles can either be in the form of dry powder or in a viscoelastic Shape such as B. a viscous mass can be used. In the latter case, this mass can be formed from any liquid that uses the rollers 14,16 and chemically connects to the liquid tissue material.

The pigment particles themselves are very finely divided solid material, and they preferably have one A few microns in diameter. The pigment particles can be chemically bonded to the liquid Fabric material and differ from it in optical or magnetic characteristics and are preferably made of a material that is not in the hot, liquid carrier material dissolves. Many substances meet this requirement, such as

z. B. finely divided iron or iron oxides or similar substances, which can be used for this. As soon as the shaft 14 picks up the liquid web material 12, the liquid penetrates into the engraved Wells 21 of each roller 14, 16 and mingles with the solid pigment particles that are in these depressions are embedded.

The hot web fluid is very thin and flows easily around the pigment particles, completely no matter how tightly they are embedded in the depressions; it completely surrounds them by making the Rollers 14,16 around the depressions 21 are wetted. This effect can thereby be strongly promoted be that the surface walls of the rollers 14 and 16 are made of a material for that the web fluid has a high affinity and which is well wetted by it. Becomes nylon used as a fabric material, the use of steel for the roller surfaces

7 8

because nylon has a very strong affinity for the electrically conductive particles that the cables for Owns steel. lines represent, form an uninterrupted one

The liquid web material does not solidify via a conduction path through the cable. To however the whole range of its thickness immediately after the production of such an uninterrupted Leiseiner Contact with the roller 14, although ensuring the fabric path, is at each end of the web material surface, the roller 14 on the after-line parts placed a high voltage to this first comes into the rigid form. The rest of the way any insulating material, possibly the conical Surface of the applied web of material could interrupt a continuous conduction path, too liquid remains in its liquid state until eliminated. In another embodiment, can impinges on the cooled roller 16. The liquid substance- io the whole cable a highly magnetic field material will then be set in within a very short time by means of an electromagnet fixed form, but not before it is generated, that with high-frequency alternating current with which in the depressions of the roller 16 solid Pig is fed. In the conductive particles are has mixed ment particles. The solidified web of material in response to the magnetic field eddy currents material appears in a solid state at 20, with the 15 generated, soft the temperature of these particles solid particles that increase in the depressions of both. The strength of the magnetic field is sufficient Rollers 14, 16 are embedded, at both of their upper ends, and the eddy currents that arise are large areas, and from this the finished product is created, enough to exceed the temperature of the conductive particles that in the F i g. 2 b and 2 d is shown in cross section. the melting point of the web material

In Fig. 2 d, the printed web of fabric includes a 20 increase. As a result, the fabric web material, wel-underlay part 31 and elevations 33, which the ches still lies between the conductive particles, have pigment particles 37 embedded therein. The melted and the conductive particle elevations 33 created by the penetration of the conductive path created by the liquid web material into the recesses of the backs of the conductive particles closed.
Rolling 14, 16 and the solidification of the pigment particles permeated by the liquid in this form. of high voltage and exposure to the action As a result, the emergence of the pattern takes place at a magnetic field for the generation of eddy currents, the places where the printed information, which can optionally be carried out simultaneously by the pigment, appears, which is to ensure that the current-carrying an increase in the accuracy of the printed product results in an unobstructed passage of current. It corresponds to a three-dimensional offer.

Effect of the print image, which is both depth and The dimensions of the rollers 14 and 16 are not

also has shape and color. of importance for the introduction of the particles

The thickness of the backing part or sheet of fabric in the sheet of fabric. However, you must have one

31 of the printed product can have a sufficiently large diameter by means of control 35 to

the injection speed of the injection molding machine desired amount of information on the scale of the

10 and the speed of rotation of the rollers accommodate rollers 14, 16 and place on the

14, 16 and the distance between the rollers 14 to be able to apply material.

and 16 can be precisely determined and controlled. The temperature of the roller 16 is determined by the The height of the elevations 33 can also be achieved by regulating 40 coolant at a sufficiently low temperature The depth of the depressions in the rollers 14, 16 is kept door so that the liquid web material can be precisely determined and controlled. As a result of the corresponding contact with this roller 16, it appears almost immediately Shaping for the recesses 21 in the stares. The temperature of the roller 14 may be equal to the Rollers 14, 16 can reproduce the pattern more precisely. During normal surgery it is decorated by using the three-dimensional speed, it is sufficient to set the roller 14 to the temperature generated by the height of the brush strokes is maintained around the liquid web, reproduces exactly. to put material in a semi-solid state,

The achievable accuracy on the printed being the lower temperature of the roller 16 its Fabric web is only used by the size of the function of simultaneous penetration of the pig-pigment particles limited and by the accuracy, 5 ° element particles and the solidification of the web with who can perform well the depressions 21 in the rollers 14, 16 her materials. For larger ones will. The fineness of the lines, what exactly the speed is, however, is also necessary can be printed, almost adjacent to the Invisibility roller 14 to cool in the same way as it is for the availability of the same. Roller 16 has been described.

F i g. 2c shows a cross-section through a cable, 55 If nylon or other thermoplastic material is used with the one shown in FIG. 1 is used materially, so its waste material can easily be provided. The cable is recovered in two parts by simply melting it down, an upper part and an identical one. The resulting pigment in the form of a solid lower part, each of which has eight lines 33, small particles settle on the bottom of the embedded in their surface and on both sides of the web material and can also be arranged through the base 31 are provided is. Filtration can be recovered from this. Each part of the cable can be made using the method shown in FIG. 1, for this reason, the device according to the invention operates with the depressions 21 in the rollers without any waste of material.
14 and 16, which form circumferential grooves. A modified embodiment of the invention is made. Each of the circumferential grooves is filled with particles according to the manufacturing apparatus shown in FIG. 3 filled, which in this case are live and points to. Here, the liquid web material is fed to a cable part of the type shown in this way, a bath 34, which is located between two cooled ones. Rolls 36 and 38 is located with the same circumferential

speed around. A thin film of the liquid web material is drawn through the surfaces of the two chilled rolls 36 and 38 are shaped and solidified by the surfaces of the rollers passed through the bath, the particles of the pattern as in FIG. 1 in the surface of the fabric film are introduced. The two meet in the area of the web fluid bath The web films forming the surfaces of the rollers 36, 38 are each on the one facing the rollers Page solidified, but still hot and liquid in the bath, continue around rollers 36 and 38 and are pressed together so that they form a single solid, continuous web of fabric 40, with their Surfaces the particles are connected by mutual penetration. With this device the finished product is produced as shown in FIGS. 2 b and 2 d is shown in cross section.

In this embodiment, fibers of inexpensive fibrous filler material can be used to the The cost of printing pad manufacture by reducing that required for a given final thickness Reduce the amount of fabric material. These fibers are together with the liquid web material brought into a container 35, from which the bath 34 is refilled or fed. The filling material is not pressed into the depressions of the rollers 36, 38, but remains in the backing fabric web itself and primarily serves to reinforce it.

The bath 34 with the liquid web material is fed from a container 35, the surface level of the bath always at the right height with the hot fabric sheet material. This Proper surface area is a function of the speed of rollers 36 and 38 and the temperature of the liquid in the bathroom. The hotter the material, the longer it will last a predetermined time To solidify the layer thickness of this, so that a higher surface level is then necessary, to let the cooling start earlier. Make faster peripheral speeds of the rollers It is also necessary to raise the surface level to ensure an acceptable cool down time is.

These relationships also affect the final thickness of the manufactured product in the following Art. When a point on one of the rollers comes into contact with the bath, by the roller in When the bath is turned in, a small amount of liquid runs into the depressions of the rollers that hold the Contain pigment, and solidify there immediately. As the rollers continue to rotate, the cooling effect of the coolant is extended deeper into the interior of the The bath can be felt from the surface of the rollers, and an increasingly thick film becomes solidify when this point in question is passed through the bath. The degree of gain the thickness of the gradually hardening web material grows around the rollers and hangs on the roller speed and on the temperature of the liquid and the rollers.

In both figures. 1 and 3 are the solid particles, containing the pigment, by applicators 26 and 28 emerging from the containers 22 and 24 are fed to the rollers under suitable pressure, for example by means of a screw or Screw conveyor. The pressure causes the pigment to fill the depressions in the rollers, the excess pigment being scraped off by doctor blades 30 and 32.

When the liquid sheet material comes into contact with the rollers, it will sink into the depressions penetrate and wrap around the solid particles. The details of the product that by the in F i g. 3 is produced agree with those of the device shown in FIG Device manufactured in accordance with. Should only be printed on one side of the web material need only one of the rollers in FIG. 1 and 3 provided with circumferential indentations to will.

Another embodiment of the invention consists in the use of a fabric sheet material that is rendered liquid by dissolving in a rapidly volatilizing solvent. In this case either the apparatus shown in Fig. 1 or Fig. 3 can be used, but instead passing the coolant through the rollers, a heated liquid is passed through which causes that the rollers receive an elevated temperature which is sufficient for the solvent to evaporate to be removed quickly if it comes into contact with the rollers. The pigment particles from the depressions in the Rollers are picked up, are penetrated by the web material as long as it is in liquid State, and are then held on the surface of this fabric sheet material when this at the same time solidified by the volatilization of the solvent.

The rollers of FIG. 1 and 3 can also have the forms as shown in FIGS. 4 a or 5 b indicated are. The roller itself consists of an electrically conductive material 42 and is of a removable outer cover made of non-conductive material. When the roller is engraved or If depressions have been made in a different way, the ones created in this way extend at the engraved points Grooves across the thickness of the non-conductive material 44 and place the conductive material at this point Roll material 42 free (FIG. 4 a). The pigment particles are in the depressions by electrostatic Forces held by opposing charges of the particles and the conductive Part of the roller are generated. This type of roller is preferred when the rollers are spinning too fast and normal gravity is insufficient to overcome the particles' own centrifugal force and keep the particles in the grooves. The brush 45 and slip ring 46 of FIG. 1 are connected to the positive pole of the voltage source 48 and allow a positive charge of the conductive part of the roller surface takes place, whereby the negatively charged particles in the Depressions of the grooves remain and are held in them by electrostatic attraction. If the particles are positively charged, the roller material 42 must be charged negatively.

The roller in FIG. 4 a can also be designed so that adhesion of the particles by magnetic attraction is effected. With such an arrangement, the small solid particles exist made of magnetically conductive material, such as. B. iron, nickel and cobalt or from compounds such materials. The outer shell of the roller

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then consists of magnetically non-conductive material, while the roller itself consists of a material in which a relatively strong magnetic field is created either by a permanent magnet or an electromagnet can be generated. The particles tend to be in every section of the magnetic field to stay where the magnetic lines of force are strongest, which is of course in is the case with the depressions of the grooves which expose the magnetic material of the roller.

Fig. 4b shows a cross section of a modified one Roller that is composed of an electrically conductive or magnetizable material and that is a smooth surface without any engravings or other indentations Has. Such a roller pulls either electrically charged particles through electrostatic ones Attraction or magnetically charged particles by magnetic attraction in the same way like the roller of FIG. 4 a. The particles that are attracted in this way stay up of the surface at the point where they hit and adhere to it, and it therefore changes the Location of the particles on the roller is not, and the particles are thus as small clusters

49 held in place. When these particles penetrate the fabric, they are created no bumps, and the thickness of the fabric must be sufficient, particles that are on opposite sides Penetrate points of the web material in this, so accommodate that they are not out of the Layer of tissue protrude.

A certain loss of manufacturing accuracy occurs when using rollers according to FIG. 4 b on. On the other hand, there is the advantage that the surface of the roller does not have to be engraved needs. Therefore, no preparatory process steps, such as. B. Application of indentations etc. are carried out in order to carry out the printing pattern making of the present invention to be able to.

F i g. 5 shows a device according to the invention using the electrostatic transfer process, which is intended to simultaneously put particles of different colors on the same To attach tissue. In this device, a light source is inside a transparent one Cylinder 50 housed around which a photographically transparent fabric 52 can be wrapped. This transparent cylinder 50 is made of glass, transparent plastic or another suitable one transparent material. The light source can be any device for generating electromagnetic Be energy, but it is usually recommended to use a conventional, incandescent or use fluorescent lamp. A long, narrow cylinder is attached to the transparent cylinder 50 Slot 54 running the length of the cylinder

50 extends, and is tight enough to place an image of the transparent photo layer 52 on top of an adjacent Project cylinder 56. Since the transparent cylinder 50 is at the same peripheral speed rotates like the cylinder 56, the image is scrolled onto the surface of the cylinder 56 transmitted through slot 54. The cylinder 56 is covered with a fabric, such as. B. Selenium, coated, the reacts to light energy, causing an electrostatic charge to build up on its surface. Such an electrostatic surface charge is created by charging the surface of the cylinder 56 with positive ions, which is achieved by the wire 58, which runs the length of the Cylinder 56 extends, takes place. The wire 58 is connected to a high voltage source 60 so that it is held at a high, positive voltage, causing a spray discharge of wire 58 in Form of positive ions is generated, which, starting from the wire 58, over the surface of the cylinder 56 are evenly distributed when the wire moves past the wire 58. Since the cylinder 56 rotated past the slit 54, the intensity of the light image projected onto it causes a rearrangement the electrostatic charge generated by the loading of ions. The result is that the Cylinder 56 then has a latent image on its surface in the form of a selective distribution of carries positive ions, which matches the image of the transparent photo layer 52, which is projected through the slot 54 onto this surface. Parts of the surface of the cylinder 56, which one are exposed to strong light, therefore only have a small positive charge, whereas Parts subjected to low light intensity maintain a relatively high charge density. The entire device of FIG. 5 is against unwanted light through a light screen

61 shielded.

The cylinder 56 continues to rotate on a nozzle

62, which brings small charged particles 64 near the surface of the roller 56. These particles 64 have due to their frictional forces caused by their flow through the small Nozzle 62 and generated by the associated supply tube 66, a negative charge. This charge is generated on each of the particles 64 in the same way as when they are lined up two dissimilar fabrics (e.g. glass and silk) takes place. The particles 64 experience a positive or negative charge when passed through nozzle 62 and tube 66, depending on what material they are made of. This material must be carefully selected so that the best results can be achieved with regard to the composition of the particles 64 used.

These particles 64 are attracted to the vicinity of the cylinder surface 56, which are positively charged and the number of particles deposited on the surface is proportional to their charge. The movement of the small, negatively charged particles 64 towards the surface of the cylinder 56 is facilitated by the electrode 68, which has a negative charge and therefore the particles repels, most of which consequently then find their way to the surface of the cylinder 56 and in this way develop the latent image, which through the charge fields with the distributed Particles are formed. The particles that are not deposited on the cylinder 56 will excreted through the electrode 70, which has a relatively high, positive charge. This charge of the Electrode 70 is not so high that it removes the particles that are already on the surface of the Cylinder 56 are deposited, detaches again. The roller 72 has an even higher positive charge, which is sufficient to detach all particles from the surface of the cylinder 56 and their adhesion

to effect on the surface of the roller 72. The roller 72 is of the same type as the rollers that in connection with the F i g. 1 and 3, and it rotates at the same peripheral speed like cylinder 56.

The surface of the roller 72 can be engraved, such as that in connection with FIG. 4 a or it may not be engraved, as is the case with FIG. 4 b is the case. If the in F i g. 4 a The roller surface described is used, the applied particles are engraved into the Depressions of the roller are drawn in, where they remain until they penetrate the fabric penetration.

The particles are then by one of the in connection with the F i g. 1 and 3 described Processes introduced into the surface of the web material and appear as solidified at 74 Fabric web that carries these particles on the surface. Other cylinders, such as B. cylinder 76, can be provided on the circumference of the roller 72, which serve to apply particles to the roller 72 the same way of transmitting as that in connection with the cylinder 56 above has been described. The particles transferred in this way can of course be of different colors. By mounting a lot of such cylinders on the circumference of the roller .72 and by mounting differently colored transparent photo layers on these four cylinders, a four-color printing can be made possible will.

In the foregoing, in connection with FIG. 5 electrostatic means as a means of transmission the particles written on the roller 72; of course the particles can do the same transmitted by magnetic attraction. In this case, the particles that make up the pigment must be included, not only be of such a nature that, after they have passed the nozzle 62 and the tube 66, the Have proper charge, but must also be conductive to magnetic flux. Here you can certain compounds of iron, nickel or cobalt are used and in the desired shades or colors such as black, red, yellow and blue can be selected for four-color printing.

In this way, the process can be used to obtain a coherent colored pattern, wherein the smallest single color zone is the size of a particle. In this way one can almost perfect color mixing can be achieved.

F i g. 6 shows a device according to the invention, by means of which it is possible to obtain an image of the best quality to produce material on the surface of a web of fabric, which is mainly made of bad, cheap Paper is made. The paper 78 is fed from and between a paper supply (not shown) the rollers 82 and 84 passed therethrough. Between the paper 78 and the rollers 82 and 84 are two baths 86 and 88 are formed. The baths contain the fabric surface layer in liquid form, such as it in Fig. 3 has been described with respect to the entire fabric sheet material. The operation of the device is the same as this in connection with FIG. 3, with the exception that only one very thin web surface film can solidify before the web material crosses the gap between the Reached rollers 82, 84. The two solidified panel surface films attached to their inner surfaces are still liquid, are clamped together with the paper 78 between the rollers 82, 84.

The paper 78 represents the support member of the finished fabric web 92, which therefore primarily consists of cheap paper 78 can exist, while the web surfaces 94, 96 are of the best quality can into which the solid particles are introduced. The process has the great advantage that it allows the best quality sample production on one ίο panel of fabric, which is primarily made of cheap Material consists without the entire length of fabric having to consist of the best quality material, or that one fairly thick sheet of fabric for self-support can be easily and cheaply made. Fig. 7 shows a device according to the invention for patterning a fabric web while it is is in a semi-solid state. The injection molding machine 10 injects the liquid web material onto the roller 14. These elements are identical to the elements provided with the same reference numerals in Figure 1. The roller 14 is not cooled for normal patterning speeds, and the resulting web 91, which is detached from the roller 14, is in the semi-solid, not yet completely frozen state. The fabric web 91 falls between the rollers 93 and 95, which are depressions which are filled with pigment particles by the application devices 97 and 99 the excess pigment being wiped off by scraping compounds 101 and 103. the Rollers 93 and 95 are also at room temperature and are working together at the same peripheral speed rotated, whereby the pigment penetrates from the depressions into the surface of the fabric web and is connected to it.

Even though the rollers 93 and 95 are not cooled, try the temperature of the semi-soft Reduce the length of fabric which is already caused by its passage through the air. The speed However, the semi-solid web is so high that only a negligible heat dissipation takes place, and the fabric web has after its passage three additional similar roller pairs at 105 still semi-solid. Then the fabric runs between the cooled ones Rolls 107 and 109 through and goes into their solid state here.

Each pair of patterning rollers 93, 95 has depressions which are filled with pigment particles and which are different colors per roller set according to the multicolor pattern to be produced can have. The particles produced by each set of rollers 93, 95 in the fabric surface to be introduced and attached have a color that matches the color of the depressions matches in the roller. The resulting fabric web is therefore a four-color print with the one to be produced Sampling information, e.g. B. in a picture, matches.

At very low operating speeds, where a significant cooling of the semi-solid Material web enters before it reaches the cooling rollers 107 and 109, each roller of each Set of rollers by passing a heating medium through the interior of the roller in the same way are heated in which the cooling rollers are cooled. The temperature of the fabric panel can increase be designed in this way so that the length of fabric in

remains in its semi-solid state until it reaches the cooled rolls 107 and 109 . The particular temperature at which this semi-solid state prevails is not critical and can be any temperature at which the liquid web material penetrates into the depressions of the rollers and at which the pigment particles completely penetrate the surface of the fabric web and are firmly bonded to it. The correct temperature when using nylon as a fabric sheet material is approximately 430 ° F (220 ° C).

F i g. 8 shows a device according to the invention for producing magnetic tapes that have not yet been provided with information. Rollers 98 and 100 have the same shape as those shown in FIGS. 1, 3 and 5, with the exception that their depressions are in the form of circumferential annular grooves 102 . Above the point of intersection of each of the groove sets 102 of the two rollers 98 and 100 , a nozzle 104 for supplying liquid web material for a bath is attached, which is located between the two rollers 98, 100 . The third and fourth rollers 106,107, both with the selenium cylinder 56 of FIG. 5 match, are then brought up to the rollers 98 and 100 . The rollers 106 , 107 carry according to the in connection with FIG. 5 discussed electrostatic attraction electrostatically charged particles. As already mentioned, a uniform distribution can be achieved by switching off the light source in FIG. 5 can be achieved. The particles fill the grooves 102 in the rollers 98 and 100 and are made to penetrate the belts of the web 108 which appear between the two rollers 98 and 100 . The result is that all of the tapes 108 carry an even distribution of magnetically conductive particles on their two surfaces, making them very suitable for use as double-sided magnetic tapes. The advantage of this method is that it works very quickly and that the finished product is very uniform.

This device according to FIG. 8 can with the device according to F i g. 6 can be combined and in addition serve to produce paper that has several strips of magnetizable material on its surface having. This paper is suitable for use in a wide variety of office machines, where magnetic reproduction of information recorded on paper is desired so that the data can be read automatically.

F i g. 9 shows a modification of the device according to FIG. 5, which continuously produces informational magnetic or optical tapes. The signal to be recorded is fed to pole heads 110 of an amplifier 112 , which is again connected to a light source 114 . The amplifier 112 can be of any known type which ensures sufficient power to modulate the light source 114 in accordance with the input signal. A neon lamp, which has a high reaction frequency, is preferably used as the light source 114. The light from the light source 114 is projected through the lens 116 and represented as a narrow line 118 on the surface of the cylinder 120 . The cylinder 120 is identical to the cylinder 56 in FIG. 5, which can be used to create a latent image of static electricity, which can later be used to determine the distribution of particles on its surface. Elements 58 and 60 are identical to elements 58 and 60 in FIG. 5. The image projected onto cylinder 120 is therefore a representation of the signal applied to pole head 110 and determines the density of the in FIG particles that have penetrated the fabric. Hence the density of the in the

ίο Particles that have penetrated the web also reproduce the signal that is applied to the pole heads 100 . If an optical tape provided with information is desired, it is recommended that the fabric web, if possible, be made of transparent material, such as e.g. Nylon, in which case the density of the particles determines the light transmission characteristics of the tape. If a magnetic tape provided with information is desired, magnetically conductive particles are made to penetrate the surface of the material web, the magnetic conductivity of the tape then changing in accordance with the density of these particles. It is also possible to produce an information-provided tape that can be read either magnetically or optically by using clear sheet material and magnetic particles.

These tapes with information can be read in the usual way, either by modulating the light intensity of the light passed through the band or by the density of the magnetic flux of a known magnetic pick-up head is modulated by the band. The signals generated in this way can go through devices known to those skilled in the art are incorporated and amplified.

F i g. Figure 10 shows an apparatus according to the invention which can be used when disjointed panels or patterning fabrics are to be produced. A flat plate 122 is provided with depressions 124 which correspond to the image to be generated and is reciprocated in the direction of the arrows 126. The liquid web material is ejected by the injection molding machine 10 during the time in which the plate 122 is being moved under it, and the liquid web material 128 lying on this plate 122 is brought to the cooled roller 130. The roller 130 can also be provided with depressions, corresponding to an image, which is to be applied to the opposite side of the fabric web. The depressions on both plate 122 and roller 130 are filled with pigment particles which are then made to penetrate and bond into the web material surface 128 as the web solidifies. The particles can also be used for the engraved portions of the rollers 130 and held there, either magnetically or electrostatically, as previously described, with the excess pigment being scraped off with a doctor blade 132 . The particles can be placed in the engraved portions of the plate 122 in a similar manner and the excess of the particles scraped off by doctor blades. With this method it is not necessary to be electrostatic or magnetic

Means to be provided to keep the particles on the plate 122 to adhere, since its own weight is sufficient for this.

Fig. 11 shows a device for an economical and efficient production of printing patterns for electrical circuits with uniform Characteristic can be used. The web of fabric 132 comes between a plate 134 and a printing unit 136 to lie. The printing unit 136 contains a heating element 138, which locally by Heat transfer arms 142 heat the parts of the tissue into which the conductive particles 140 should be made to penetrate. A hollow body is located on either side of the local heating arms 142 144, which is cooled by a coolant flowing through its cavity 146, causing heating of the web of fabric 132 except in the places where the conductive particles 140 to penetrate be brought, is prevented. In operation, the web of fabric 132 becomes in its solid form arranged between the plate 134 and the hollow bodies 144. The printing unit 136 then rises with it their heating arms 142 and comes into contact with the fabric web, which is thereby in its semi-solid state is transferred, which then causes the conductive particles 140 to penetrate into their surface and attach. The heating arms 142 are arranged as shown in Fig. 12, so that they ensure the correct penetration of the conductive particles 140 into the web 132. FIG. 12 shows the device shown in FIG. 11 in a perspective view.

Similar procedures can be repeated in several stages and are used for production of a finished printed circuit pattern with all conductive parts. When printing connection lines it is usually desirable to have the cross-section of the interconnection lines so large as possible so that their resistance is reduced. When printing resistors it is Another set is recommended to check the cross-section of the lines and their line resistance (ohmic Resistance) up to a certain prescribed tolerance so that finally the correct one Final values are reached. The cross-sections of the inductors and capacitors must be similar Kind be kept under control. This usually involves the need to adjust the line resistances of the individual conductors, which form resistances, as well as the lengths and cross-sections to shape the ladder differently. There are therefore several pressure stages required to be conductive Particles that have the electrical characteristics required for the finished circuit have to attach properly.

The F i g. 13 a, 13 b and 13 c show a printed circuit after three successive printing stages. In Fig. 13a an inductor 152, a capacitance 154 and several connecting lines have been shown 156,160,162 and 163 printed on a card. Fig. 13b shows the next manufacturing stage, after a resistor 164 has been printed with particles showing the various line resistances exhibit. Figure 13c shows a completed circuit with the addition of resistor 166. Flexible Lines can then be soldered to the respective pole heads of the card in the usual way, see above that the printed circuit board work with other electrical devices in a finished kit can.

The finished circuits can either use high voltage or a strong magnetic field or both are treated to ensure that there is no insulating effect of fabric particles between the conductive particles is possible, as it was in the previous context with the printed cable according to FIG. 2 c

ίο was.

Each stage of the manufacturing process uses similar local heating arms 142 as in FIG. 11 and 12 shown in connection with the plate 134 and the hollow bodies 144, thereby ensuring that only the correct particles at each stage of the manufacturing process are attached to their Place. The cooled hollow bodies 144 are not required, if only a few, far spaced elements should be printed on the card so that there is no danger that the The fabric in the spaces between the elements melts.

The apparatus shown in Fig. 11 can be modified so that it allows the introduction of conductive particles by the heating arms 142 be brought up to the length of fabric by lowering it instead of raising it. The heating arms 142 are then endowed with the correct electrical or magnetic properties, the particles in their correct position prior to printing, as discussed in connection with the F i g. 4 a and 4 b.

The invention described and illustrated by the drawings provides methods and devices to produce extraordinarily fine details of information, further encouraged by the fact can be that the lines that represent the information and the pigment particles included, rise above the surface of the panel.

The product of the process is far more durable in its form than paper, because the fabric web made of a very hard, durable plastic material, e.g. B. nylon, can be composed. The production speed of these processes is also extremely neatly high, since the fabric is such that it is almost immediately

• agitation with the cooled rollers solidified.

The product of the present invention is extremely wear-resistant and tugging, and the information printed on it is extremely insensitive to smearing, Blurring or other extinction.

Claims (20)

Patent claims: 1. Method of printing a pattern in a flowable state on a movable one Support surface with pressure applied, only hardening after application or Carrier material while it is in a liquid, semi-solid or doughy state, characterized in that any printing or patterning material in one each desired pattern applied to a support surface provided for this purpose and on this is held by gravity and / or other means until it is in flowable with the State supplied or in this supply 709 619/573 stand obtained carrier material brought together, penetrated by this and on the Patterning sites limited, is enclosed, whereupon the carrier material is brought to harden will. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the merging of the Printing or patterning material with the carrier material at a point between two in surfaces moving in the same direction is carried out, the space between them being in the direction of movement constricted by utilizing the force of gravity of the carrier material supplied in a flowable state and in a freely falling river. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the liquid carrier material is supplied mixed with a fibrous filler material, which after the hardening of the carrier material remains in this. *O 4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that parallel and rectified with the liquid supplied carrier material at its junction with the printing material a web of paper or other * 5 material is fed in at the same speed how the carrier material is moved and after the carrier material has hardened the support and reinforcement of which remains associated with it (Fig. 6). 5. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the flowable carrier material after passing a circumferential part of a rotating, uncooled roller by its own weight in a free vertical case on the gaps of one or more in a vertical case Sequence of consecutively connected uncooled roller pairs as different carrier surfaces Printing or patterning material and passed onto the falling flowable carrier material is made to harden before the various print samples have been taken (Fig. 7). 6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the carrier material as a solid Fabric web is fed to a printing material roller with heating, through whose surface it is only is placed in a flowable state on its side facing the printing material roller, while it is cooled on the opposite side by 5 <> contact with cooled surfaces. 7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that an electrical high-voltage current is applied to the ends of a printed pattern or that the printed pattern is applied within a strong magnetic field in this way any document material that may still be in the area of the print material to eliminate. 8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a printing material is used which is chemically bondable with the document material and not in the document material dissolves when it is liquid. 9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the printing material is an electrical conductive substance or substance permitting magnetic lines of force to be used. 10. Device for performing the method according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that that the printing surface consists of one or more rollers made of electrically conductive or magnetic material and that for holding the print material on the Roller surface in the form of a predetermined pattern a device for electrical or magnetic attraction of the print material is provided on the roller surface. 11. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that the rollers with a removable Sheath are provided, which are made of electrically or magnetically non-conductive material consists. 12. The device according to claim 11, characterized in that the sheath made of non-conductive Material is crisscrossed with a print pattern representing slits, which serve the purpose of the Print material through these slots with the electrically conductive or magnetic rollers to bring in touch. 13. The apparatus according to claim 12, characterized in that the rollers with a device Equipped for electrical charging opposite to the charged printing material are. 14. Apparatus according to claim 13, characterized in that the slots in the sheath close the printing material to be applied are arranged so that this be through the slots Dead weight is held. 15. The apparatus according to claim 10, characterized in that one for the printing material Device for its transmission from a surface equipped with a signaling device the printing surface is provided and the backing material is adapted to the continuously registered signals given by the signaling device. 16. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that within a transparent Photo cover a light source is provided, which a light image through this transparent photo cover projected onto a roller, through which the electrical charge on the roller surface the particles of a printing material with a negative charge are attracted. 17. The apparatus according to claim 16, characterized in that a second roller with a electrical or magnetic device for those attracted by the photographic part of the roller Particles are provided, through which these electrically or magnetically from this roller on another roller can be peeled off in order to form a pattern on this further roller, which is transferred from this roller to the base material. 18. Apparatus according to claim 10, 15 or 16, characterized in that between the signaling device and the light source arranged an amplifier and the roller, which the light source according to the amplified signal image projected onto it, is provided with an electrostatic arrangement, which the Holds substrate on the platen. 19. The device according to claim 18, characterized in that the projected image on- taking roller is in cooperation with another, which is that of her in one predetermined pattern recorded printing material transfers to the base material. 20. Apparatus according to claim 10, characterized characterized in that two juxtaposed, oppositely rotating, from each other remote rollers provided with circumferential grooves are to which rollers with electrostatically charged particles of printing material are in the Connect the circumferential grooves of these rollers. Considered publications: German Patent Specifications No. 838 610, 807 399, 908 For this purpose 2 sheets of drawings 709 619/573 7.67 G Bundesdruckerei Befliß