EP0464531A2 - Enzymatic bating preparations - Google Patents
Enzymatic bating preparations Download PDFInfo
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- EP0464531A2 EP0464531A2 EP91110302A EP91110302A EP0464531A2 EP 0464531 A2 EP0464531 A2 EP 0464531A2 EP 91110302 A EP91110302 A EP 91110302A EP 91110302 A EP91110302 A EP 91110302A EP 0464531 A2 EP0464531 A2 EP 0464531A2
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- proteases
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- protease
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 108091005804 Peptidases Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 239000004365 Protease Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 102000035195 Peptidases Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000002538 fungal effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000002797 proteolythic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 102100037486 Reverse transcriptase/ribonuclease H Human genes 0.000 claims abstract 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 210000000496 pancreas Anatomy 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 48
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 description 25
- 235000019419 proteases Nutrition 0.000 description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 15
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 241000194108 Bacillus licheniformis Species 0.000 description 8
- 241000228245 Aspergillus niger Species 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 102000001554 Hemoglobins Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108010054147 Hemoglobins Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000019833 protease Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 description 3
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229940079919 digestives enzyme preparation Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000194107 Bacillus megaterium Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 108091005658 Basic proteases Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 240000001817 Cereus hexagonus Species 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical class Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108010056079 Subtilisins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000005158 Subtilisins Human genes 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical class OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical class O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000834 fixative Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011389 fruit/vegetable juice Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- NOESYZHRGYRDHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N insulin Chemical compound N1C(=O)C(NC(=O)C(CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)CN)C(C)CC)CSSCC(C(NC(CO)C(=O)NC(CC(C)C)C(=O)NC(CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C(=O)NC(CCC(N)=O)C(=O)NC(CC(C)C)C(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(=O)NC(CC(N)=O)C(=O)NC(CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C(=O)NC(CSSCC(NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(C)NC(=O)C(CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC=2NC=NC=2)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)CNC2=O)C(=O)NCC(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(=O)NC(CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)NCC(=O)NC(CC=3C=CC=CC=3)C(=O)NC(CC=3C=CC=CC=3)C(=O)NC(CC=3C=CC(O)=CC=3)C(=O)NC(C(C)O)C(=O)N3C(CCC3)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(C)C(O)=O)C(=O)NC(CC(N)=O)C(O)=O)=O)NC(=O)C(C(C)CC)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)C(C(C)O)NC(=O)C1CSSCC2NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(CC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(N)CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(C)C)CC1=CN=CN1 NOESYZHRGYRDHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 2
- GJCOSYZMQJWQCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-xanthene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 GJCOSYZMQJWQCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004382 Amylase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000013142 Amylases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010065511 Amylases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000228230 Aspergillus parasiticus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000131386 Aspergillus sojae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000228257 Aspergillus sp. Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000193747 Bacillus firmus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000194103 Bacillus pumilus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000194110 Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000055982 Bacillus subtilis subsp amylosacchariticus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000193389 Bacillus thermoproteolyticus Species 0.000 description 1
- -1 Bentone 27 Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical class OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 1
- 108091003079 Bovine Serum Albumin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010076119 Caseins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 108090000317 Chymotrypsin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004877 Insulin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090001061 Insulin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- OUYCCCASQSFEME-QMMMGPOBSA-N L-tyrosine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 OUYCCCASQSFEME-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004367 Lipase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000004882 Lipase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090001060 Lipase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001480037 Microsporum Species 0.000 description 1
- MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Serine Natural products OCC(N)C(O)=O MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010022999 Serine Proteases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000012479 Serine Proteases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 241000970905 Streptomyces naraensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000187180 Streptomyces sp. Species 0.000 description 1
- 108090000787 Subtilisin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108090000631 Trypsin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004142 Trypsin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 238000006887 Ullmann reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000008043 acidic salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019418 amylase Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015278 beef Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940098773 bovine serum albumin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960002376 chymotrypsin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000004907 gland Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052945 inorganic sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940125396 insulin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019421 lipase Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002906 microbiologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006337 proteolytic cleavage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940024999 proteolytic enzymes for treatment of wounds and ulcers Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 231100000241 scar Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008247 solid mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012588 trypsin Substances 0.000 description 1
- OUYCCCASQSFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N tyrosine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 OUYCCCASQSFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
- C14C—CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF HIDES, SKINS OR LEATHER, e.g. TANNING, IMPREGNATING, FINISHING; APPARATUS THEREFOR; COMPOSITIONS FOR TANNING
- C14C1/00—Chemical treatment prior to tanning
- C14C1/08—Deliming; Bating; Pickling; Degreasing
Definitions
- Conventional leather technology consists of a sequence of individual steps, the first section of which represents the so-called water workshop, followed by the actual tanning and finishing of the leather (cf. F. Stather, tanning chemistry and tanning technology, Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1967).
- the hides and skins are usually subjected to a liming process, which is usually followed by so-called descaling and pickling.
- the liming is usually a treatment in the alkaline range (pH 12-14), carried out either as a purely alkaline "hydroxyl ash” using calcium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide or in the majority of cases as a reducing "sulphide ash".
- Sulfide ash usually contain inorganic sulfide in the form of S2 ⁇ or SH ⁇ ion.
- the present object can be achieved by using an enzymatic pickling preparation for carrying out the pickling, which has a balanced activity spectrum in the entire pH range of the CO2 decalcification with simultaneous activity optimum at pH 6-8, especially at pH 6.5-7. 5.
- proteolytically active enzymes can take place from various points of view, for example according to the origin (plant / animal / microbiological), according to the point of attack (exo-versus-endo-enzymes), using the "Active Site "of the proteases (" serine proteases ”) and according to the pH optimum of the proteolytic activity.
- the alkaline bacterial proteases to be used according to the invention [EC3.4.21.14; see. L. Keay in Process Biochemistry 17-21 (1971) also mostly belongs to the serine type. They are preferably the so-called subtilisins, which are derived from various Bacillus sp. are produced, in particular by B.subtilis, B.licheniformis, B.pumilis, B.alkalophilus, B.firmus, B.megaterium, B.cereus, B.amylosacchariticus.
- the alkaline proteases, the structure of which has in part been analyzed, generally have molar masses in the range from 26,000 to 34,000.
- subtilisins are predominantly quite stable in the pH range from 5 to 10 as long as work is carried out in the temperature range below 35 ° C. At temperatures of around 65 degrees C and above, however, activity is quickly lost.
- the subtilisins are more active against casein than against hemoglobin or bovine serum albumin.
- Technical preparations often show activities between 1 and 6 ANSON units per g (while the activity of crystalline subtilisin is between 25 and 30 ANSON units / g).
- pancreatic proteases as they are used industrially, are mixtures of trypsin, chymotrypsin and various peptidases. They can contain amylase and lipase as accompanying enzymes. They are usually obtained by salt precipitation from fresh pancreatic press juice or from residues from insulin production. Compared to the substrates casein, hemoglobin and gelatin, the optimal pH value of the effect is 9.0 (30 - 40 degrees C), whereby it should be noted that the proteases are inactivated in the optimal range with increasing temperature.
- the proteolytic activity of enzymes is customarily determined using the Anson-Hemoglobin method (ML Anson J. Gen. Physiol. 22, 79 (1939) or the Löhlein-Volhard method (Löhlein-Volhard's method for determining the proteolytic method Activity: Ger Schlem. Paperback, Dresden-Leipzig, 1955) determined as "LVE” (Löhlein-Volhard unit).
- Löhlein-Volhard unit is the amount of enzyme that digests 1.725 mg casein under the specific conditions of the method.
- units which are derived from the Anson method are used in the following for the activity determination of the enzymes active in the acidic range. These are referred to as "proteinase units (hemoglobin)" U Hb .
- the enzymatic pickling preparations to be used according to the invention can be in the form of solid mixtures or preferably as preparations in a liquid medium (DE-A 39 04 465; unpublished German patent application P 39 27 286.9).
- the pickling preparations advantageously also contain known additives such as stabilizers, adjusting agents and the like.
- Calcium salts for example, are suitable as stabilizers.
- Alkali chlorides, sulfates or bicarbonates are recommended as adjusting agents.
- Ammonium salts such as ammonium sulfate or chloride can be used in small amounts ( ⁇ 0.5% by weight, based on the skin material) to accelerate the decalcification.
- the proportion of the salts in the pickling agents is generally ⁇ 90% by weight, based on the agents as a whole.
- the mordant especially in liquid form, can also contain emulsifiers and solvents, for example of the type described in DE-A 33 12 840 or DE-A 33 22 840.
- the proportion of emulsifiers is in the range from 0.01 up to 5% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 0.5% by weight, based on the weight of the skin.
- nonionic emulsifiers if appropriate in combination with anionic emulsifiers, is particularly preferred.
- Suitable solvents which are generally used in amounts of 0.1 to 5% by weight, based on the weight of the decalcifying liquor, are conventional, for example from the group of mineral oils or mineral oil fractions, the lower alcohols and glycols and their etherified derivatives in question. For example, mineral oils with between 10 and 60, in particular 15 and 30,% by weight aromatics content may be mentioned.
- the implementation of the invention can closely follow the known procedures for CO2 decalcification.
- the process is preferably carried out in the tanning drum or in the tanning machine, a recirculation or pumping device being advantageous for the liquor.
- the liquors used are generally in the range up to 150%, based on the weight of the nakedness.
- CO2 gas is fed directly into the pumping system.
- the dosage is advantageously 7-11 l / min.
- the pickling agent for example product A according to the exemplary embodiments, is metered in right at the start.
- the pH of the liquor then drops from close to 12 to a value around 8 in the first period, after about 20 minutes, after one another time period of about 10 minutes to a value of approx. 6.5 - 7.
- the pelts with a thickness of 1.8 - 2.5 mm are completely decalcified after a descaling period of approx. 120 minutes.
- the skins are to be rated better than when using a purely pancreatic mordant with the same activity (with optimum activity at pH 8) if the procedure is otherwise identical.
- the process according to the invention does not require a fundamental change in the CO2 decalcification and pickling process.
- Enzyme preparations consisting of:
- pancreatic enzyme suspension 100 kg of squeezed juice obtained after grinding, activating and extracting pancreatic glands is mixed with 50 kg of ammonium sulfate and the pancreatic enzymes are precipitated.
- the pancreatic enzyme suspension has an activity of 8 400 U HB at pH 8 and a density of approx. 1.22 to 1.23 g / cm3. This suspension is then washed with as much thickened isotonic ammonium sulfate solution (480 mPa s) diluted to achieve an activity of 250 U HB at pH 8.
- Product B was used with the same dosage and application. Since product B is liquid, it can be added automatically via a dosing device. In this case an additional opening of the tanning drum is not necessary. This avoids exposure to toxic hydrogen sulfide, which is released to a greater extent during CO2 decalcification.
- product C is used in the same application and dosage.
- Product C contains emulsifiers which further improve the basic purity of the skins.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Enzymes And Modification Thereof (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Treatment And Processing Of Natural Fur Or Leather (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die herkömmliche Ledertechnologie besteht aus einer Abfolge von Einzelschritten, deren erster Abschnitt die sogenannte Wasserwerkstatt darstellt, gefolgt von der eigentlichen Gerbung und der Zurichtung der Leder (vgl. F. Stather, Gerbereichemie und Gerbereitechnologie, Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1967). Im Rahmen der Wasserwerkstatt werden die Häute und Felle gewöhnlich einem Äscherverfahren unterworfen, dem sich heute üblicherweise die sogenannte Entkälkung und die Beize anschließen. Der Äscher stellt in der Regel eine Behandlung im alkalischen Bereich (pH 12 - 14) dar, durchgeführt entweder als rein alkalischer "Hydroxyläscher" unter Verwendung von Calciumhydroxid und Natriumhydroxid oder in der überwiegenden Zahl der Fälle als reduzierend wirkender "Sulfidäscher". Sulfidäscher enthalten anorganisches Sulfid gewöhnlich in Form von S²⁻- oder SH⁻-Ion.Conventional leather technology consists of a sequence of individual steps, the first section of which represents the so-called water workshop, followed by the actual tanning and finishing of the leather (cf. F. Stather, tanning chemistry and tanning technology, Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1967). As part of the water workshop, the hides and skins are usually subjected to a liming process, which is usually followed by so-called descaling and pickling. The liming is usually a treatment in the alkaline range (pH 12-14), carried out either as a purely alkaline "hydroxyl ash" using calcium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide or in the majority of cases as a reducing "sulphide ash". Sulfide ash usually contain inorganic sulfide in the form of S²⁻ or SH⁻ ion.
Vor der eigentlichen Gerbung sollte die Schwellung der Häute, die durch die Alkalieinwirkung im Äscher eintritt, wieder rückgängig gemacht werden, um eine ausreichende Gerbung zu gewährleisten. Bei der sogenannten Entkälkung wird der pH-Wert der Blößen von ca. 13 auf ca. 8 herabgesetzt. Bei der Anwendung von starken Säuren ist indessen Vorsicht geboten, da ein auch nur zeitweiliger Säureüberschuß eine Säureschwellung in den äußeren Hautschichten, insbesondere in der empfindlichen Narbenschicht hervorrufen kann. (vgl. H.J. Rehm und G. Reed Ed., Biotechnology Vol, 6b, S. 736 - 739, VCH 1988). Aus diesem Grund wurde die Anwendung saurer Salze (d.h. von Salzen schwacher Basen mit starken Säuren) wie z.B. der Ammoniumsalze der Schwefelsäure oder der Salzsäure oder die Anwendung organischer Säuren empfohlen. Allerdings stoßen diese Verfahren auf oekologische Bedenken.Before the actual tanning, the swelling of the skins, which occurs due to the alkali in the liming, should be reversed in order to ensure adequate tanning. In so-called descaling, the pH value of the nakedness is reduced from approx. 13 to approx. 8. However, caution should be exercised when using strong acids, since even a temporary excess of acid can cause acid swelling in the outer layers of the skin, especially in the sensitive scar layer. (see H.J. Rehm and G. Reed Ed., Biotechnology Vol, 6b, pp. 736 - 739, VCH 1988). For this reason, the use of acidic salts (i.e. salts of weak bases with strong acids) such as e.g. ammonium salts of sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid or the use of organic acids is recommended. However, these processes have ecological concerns.
Anstelle der Verwendung von Ammoniumsalzen, welche in der Abwasserklärung zu einer starken Sauerstoffzehrung führen und daher als Abwassergifte wirken, zeigt in Wasser gelöstes Kohlendioxid (vgl. F. Stather, Gerbereichemie und Gerbereitechnologie, S. 214, Akademie Verlag Berlin 1967; E.E. Ochs J. Am. Leather Assoc. 48, 105 (1953); US-A 2 147 542) keine umweltschädigende Wirkung. Durch die hohe Löslichkeit von CO₂ erreicht man frühzeitig eine gesättigte CO₂-Lösung welche über intermediär gebildete Kohlensäure zur Neutralisation des in der Haut befindlichen Alkalis befähigt ist.Instead of using ammonium salts, which in the wastewater treatment lead to a strong consumption of oxygen and therefore act as wastewater poisons, carbon dioxide dissolved in water shows (cf. F. Stather, Ger borders chemistry and tanning technology, p. 214, Akademie Verlag Berlin 1967; EE Ochs J. Am. Leather Assoc. 48, 105 (1953); US-A 2 147 542) has no environmentally harmful effect. Due to the high solubility of CO₂, a saturated CO₂ solution is reached at an early stage which is capable of neutralizing the alkaline present in the skin via carbonic acid formed as an intermediate.
Es hat sich nun in der Praxis gezeigt, daß die Durchentkälkung am schnellsten verläuft, wenn die CO₂-Eindosierung kontinuierlich erfolgt.
Zu Beginn der CO₂-Entkälkung liegt der pH-Wert bei 11,5 - 12,5 und sinkt bereits nach 15 - 25 Minuten bis auf 6,5 ab. Die nachfolgende Beize wird in der Regel mittels proteolytischer Enzyme durchgeführt, beispielsweise mit Proteasen (vgl. H.J. Rehm und G. Reed, loc.cit., F. Stather loc.cit). Es ist bekannt, daß Beizmittel auf Basis pankreatischer Proteasen ein Aktivitätsoptimum bei pH 7,5
- 8,5 besitzen. Bei pH-Werten um 6,5 liegen üblicherweise nur noch ca. 60
- 80 % der Aktivität vor, so daß die Beizaktivität nicht in befriedigendem Umfang ausgenutzt wird.
At the beginning of CO₂ decalcification, the pH is 11.5 - 12.5 and drops to 6.5 after just 15 - 25 minutes. The subsequent pickling is generally carried out using proteolytic enzymes, for example with proteases (cf. HJ Rehm and G. Reed, loc.cit., F. Stather loc.cit). It is known that pickling agents based on pancreatic proteases have an optimum activity at pH 7.5
- Own 8.5. At pH values around 6.5, there are usually only about 60
- 80% of the activity before, so that the pickling activity is not used to a satisfactory extent.
Die vorliegende Aufgabe kann gelöst werden, indem man zur Durchführung der Beize ein enzymatisches Beizpräparat verwendet, welches im gesamten pH-Bereich der CO₂-Entkälkung ein ausgeglichenes Aktivitätsspektrum besitzt bei gleichzeitigem Aktivitätsoptimum bei pH 6 - 8, speziell bei pH 6,5 - 7,5.The present object can be achieved by using an enzymatic pickling preparation for carrying out the pickling, which has a balanced activity spectrum in the entire pH range of the CO₂ decalcification with simultaneous activity optimum at pH 6-8, especially at pH 6.5-7. 5.
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft somit ein enzymatisches Beizpräparat mit einem Gehalt an beizwirksamen Proteasen wobei das enzymatische Beizpräparat als enzymatisch wirksame Komponenten
- A) alkalische Bakterienprotease mit einem pH-Optimum zwischen 9 und 11, speziell 9,5 und 10,5 in Anteilen von 10 - 20 Gew.-% bezogen auf die Gesamtheit der Proteasen P
- B) Pankreasprotease mit einem pH-Optimum zwischen pH 7 und 9 in Anteilen von 40 bis 70 Gew.-% bezogen auf die Gesamtheit der Poteasen P und
- C) Pilzprotease oder Bakterienprotease mit ausgeprägtem pH-Aktivitätsoptimum im pH-Bereich 5 bis 7 in Anteilen von 20 bis 40 Gew.-% bezogen auf die Gesamtheit der Proteasen P mit der Maßgabe, daß die
- A') alkalischen Bakterienproteasen bei pH 10, der
- B') pankreatischen Enzyme bei pH 8 und der
- C') sauren Pilz- oder Bakterienprotease bei pH 6,5 bezüglich ihrer proteolytischen Aktivität gleich stark eingestellt sind,
Die Summe der Proteasen A) + B) + C) sei stets zu 100 Gew.-% angenommen.The present invention thus relates to an enzymatic pickling preparation containing active proteases, the enzymatic pickling preparation being used as enzymatically active components
- A) alkaline bacterial protease with a pH optimum between 9 and 11, especially 9.5 and 10.5 in proportions of 10-20% by weight based on the totality of the proteases P.
- B) pancreatic protease with a pH optimum between pH 7 and 9 in proportions of 40 to 70% by weight, based on the totality of the potentiates P and
- C) Fungal protease or bacterial protease with a pronounced optimum pH activity in the pH range 5 to 7 in proportions of 20 to 40% by weight, based on the totality of the proteases P, with the proviso that the
- A ') alkaline bacterial proteases at pH 10, the
- B ') pancreatic enzymes at pH 8 and
- C ') acidic fungal or bacterial proteases at pH 6.5 are equally adjusted with regard to their proteolytic activity,
The sum of the proteases A) + B) + C) is always assumed to be 100% by weight.
Die Klassifizierung proteolytisch wirksamer Enzyme (E.C.3.4) kann unter verschiedenen Gesichtspunkten erfolgen, z.B. nach dem Ursprung (pflanzlich/tierisch/mikrobiologisch), nach dem Angriffsort (Exo-versus-Endo-Enzyme), anhand der "Active Site" der Proteasen ("Serin-Proteasen") und nach dem pH-Optimum der proteolytischen Aktivität. (Vgl. Kirk-Othmer, 3rd Ed. Vol.9, 199 - 202, J. Wiley 1980; K. Anstrup in B. Spencer, Industrial Aspects of Biochemistry, Vol. 30, pp. 23 - 46, North Holland 1974; H.J. Rehm & G. Reed Ed. Biotechnology Vol. 6b, 729 - 743, VCH 1988; Ullmann's Encyclopaedia of Industrial Chemistry 5th Ed. Vol. A9, pp 295 - 397 VCH 1987; Ullmanns Encyclopädie der Techn. Chemie. 4. Auflage, Bd. 10, 475 -561, Verlag Chemie 1975).The classification of proteolytically active enzymes (EC3.4) can take place from various points of view, for example according to the origin (plant / animal / microbiological), according to the point of attack (exo-versus-endo-enzymes), using the "Active Site "of the proteases (" serine proteases ") and according to the pH optimum of the proteolytic activity. (See Kirk-Othmer, 3rd Ed. Vol. 9, 199-202, J. Wiley 1980; K. Anstrup in B. Spencer, Industrial Aspects of Biochemistry, Vol. 30, pp. 23 - 46, North Holland 1974; HJ Rehm & G. Reed Ed.Biotechnology Vol. 6b, 729 - 743, VCH 1988; Ullmann's Encyclopaedia of Industrial Chemistry 5th Ed. Vol A9, pp 295 - 397 VCH 1987; Ullmanns Encyclopadie der Techn. Chemie. 4th edition, vol. 10, 475 -561, Verlag Chemie 1975).
Die erfindungsgemäß einzusetzenden alkalischen Bakterien-Proteasen [E.C.3.4.21.14; vgl. auch L. Keay in Process Biochemistry 17 - 21 (1971)] gehören meist dem Serin-Typ an.
Vorzugsweise handelt es sich um die sogenannten Subtilisine, die von verschiedenen Bacillus sp. produziert werden, insbesondere von B.subtilis, B.licheniformis, B.pumilis, B.alkalophilus, B.firmus, B.megaterium, B.cereus, B.amylosacchariticus. Die alkalischen Proteasen, deren Struktur z.T. analysiert wurde, haben in der Regel Molmassen im Bereich 26 000 - 34 000. Sie sind überwiegend im pH-Bereich 5 - 10 recht stabil, solange im Temperaturbereich unterhalb 35 Grad C gearbeitet wird. Bei Temperaturen von ca. 65 Grad C und darüber geht indessen die Aktivität rasch verloren. Die Subtilisine sind aktiver gegenüber Casein als gegen Haemoglobin oder Rinder-Serumalbumin.
Technische Präparate Zeigen oft Aktivitäten zwischen 1 und 6 ANSON-Einheiten pro g (während die Aktivität von kristallinem Subtilisin bei 25 - 30 ANSON-Einheiten/g liegt).The alkaline bacterial proteases to be used according to the invention [EC3.4.21.14; see. L. Keay in Process Biochemistry 17-21 (1971) also mostly belongs to the serine type.
They are preferably the so-called subtilisins, which are derived from various Bacillus sp. are produced, in particular by B.subtilis, B.licheniformis, B.pumilis, B.alkalophilus, B.firmus, B.megaterium, B.cereus, B.amylosacchariticus. The alkaline proteases, the structure of which has in part been analyzed, generally have molar masses in the range from 26,000 to 34,000. They are predominantly quite stable in the pH range from 5 to 10 as long as work is carried out in the temperature range below 35 ° C. At temperatures of around 65 degrees C and above, however, activity is quickly lost. The subtilisins are more active against casein than against hemoglobin or bovine serum albumin.
Technical preparations often show activities between 1 and 6 ANSON units per g (while the activity of crystalline subtilisin is between 25 and 30 ANSON units / g).
Die Pankreasproteasen wie sie technisch zur Anwendung kommen, stellen Gemische aus Trypsin, Chymotrypsin und verschiedenen Peptidasen dar. Sie können als Begleitenzyme Amylase und Lipase enthalten. Gewonnen werden sie gewöhnlich durch Salzfällung von frischem Pankreasdrüsen-Preßsaft bzw. aus Rückständen der Insulingewinnung. Gegenüber den Substraten Casein, Haemoglobin und Gelatine liegt der optimale pH-Wert der Wirkung bei 9,0 (30 - 40 Grad C), wobei zu beachten ist, daß die Proteasen im optimalen Wirkungsbereich mit steigender Temperatur inaktiviert werden.The pancreatic proteases, as they are used industrially, are mixtures of trypsin, chymotrypsin and various peptidases. They can contain amylase and lipase as accompanying enzymes. They are usually obtained by salt precipitation from fresh pancreatic press juice or from residues from insulin production. Compared to the substrates casein, hemoglobin and gelatin, the optimal pH value of the effect is 9.0 (30 - 40 degrees C), whereby it should be noted that the proteases are inactivated in the optimal range with increasing temperature.
Die Pilzproteinasen bzw. Bakterienproteasen mit ausgeprägtem Aktivitätsoptimum im Bereich zwischen pH 5 und 7 stammen vorzugsweise aus Aspergillus sp., Streptomyces sp., Microsporum sp.. Besonders genannt seien A.sojae, A.niger bzw. oryzae, A.parasiticus, S.griseus, S.naraensis, Piricularia oryzae u.ä. bzw. aus Bacillus-Arten wie B.subtilis, B. thermoproteolyticus, B. cereus, B. megaterium, B.polymixa. Das Molgewicht dieser, im allgemeinen als nicht sehr stabil geltenden Proteasen liegt gewöhnlich im Bereich 35 000 bis 45 000. Ausweislich der Literatur, verlangt die Anwendung von Enzymen dieses Typs
- strikte Einhaltung des tolerierten pH-Bereichs
- Anwesenheit von Metallionen (ca⁺² bzw. Zn⁺²)
- Unterdrückung der Aktivität evtl. vorhandener alkalischer Proteasen (wegen deren Tendenz zur gegenseitigen proteolytischen Spaltung).
- strict adherence to the tolerated pH range
- Presence of metal ions (ca⁺² or Zn⁺²)
- Suppression of the activity of any existing alkaline proteases (because of their tendency towards mutual proteolytic cleavage).
Die proteolytische Wirksamkeit von Enzymen wird gebräuchlicherweise nach der Anson-Haemoglobin-Methode (M.L. Anson J. Gen. Physiol. 22, 79 (1939) bzw. nach der Löhlein-Volhard-Methode (die Löhlein-Volhard'sche Methode zur Bestimmung der proteolytischen Aktivität. Gerbereichem. Taschenbuch, Dresden-Leipzig, 1955) als "LVE" (Löhlein-Volhard-Einheit) bestimmt.
Unter einer Löhlein-Volhard-Einheit ist diejenige Enzymmenge zu verstehen, die unter den spezifischen Bedingungen der Methode 1,725 mg Casein verdaut. Weiter werden im folgenden für die Aktivitätsbestimmung der im sauren Bereich wirksamen Enzyme Einheiten verwendet, die aus der Anson-Methode abgeleitet sind. Diese werden als "Proteinase-Units (Haemoglobin)" UHb bezeichnet. Eine UHb entspricht der Enzymmenge, welche die Freisetzung von trichloressigsäure-löslichen Bruchstücken aus Haemoglobin äquivalent 1 µMol Tyrosin pro Minute bei 37 Grad C (gemessen bei 280 nm) katalysiert. (1 mUHb = 10⁻³ UHb).The proteolytic activity of enzymes is customarily determined using the Anson-Hemoglobin method (ML Anson J. Gen. Physiol. 22, 79 (1939) or the Löhlein-Volhard method (Löhlein-Volhard's method for determining the proteolytic method Activity: Gerbereichem. Paperback, Dresden-Leipzig, 1955) determined as "LVE" (Löhlein-Volhard unit).
A Löhlein-Volhard unit is the amount of enzyme that digests 1.725 mg casein under the specific conditions of the method. Furthermore, units which are derived from the Anson method are used in the following for the activity determination of the enzymes active in the acidic range. These are referred to as "proteinase units (hemoglobin)" U Hb . A U Hb corresponds to the amount of enzyme which catalyzes the release of trichloroacetic acid-soluble fragments from hemoglobin equivalent to 1 μmol tyrosine per minute at 37 degrees C (measured at 280 nm). (1 mU Hb = 10⁻³ U Hb ).
Die Anwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Beizpräparate geht zweckmäßig von folgenden Bemessungsregeln aus:
Gesamtgehalt der Proteasepräparationen A) - C) 0,1 bis 2 Gew.-% bezogen auf das Hautmaterial.
Die Proteasepräparationen setzen sich vorzugsweise wie folgt zusammen:
- A) alkalische Bakterienproteasen mit einer Enzymaktivität von 2 000 - 50 000 UHB vorzugsweise mit 10 000 - 30 000 UHB gemessen bei pH 10
- B) Pankreasproteinasen mit einer Enzymaktivität von 2 000 - 60 000, vorzugseise mit 5 000 - 15 000 UHB gemessen bei pH 8
- C) Pilzproease oder saure Bakterienproteasen mit einer Enzymaktivität von 5 000 - 100 000 UHB, vorzugsweise mit 10 000 - 20 000 UHB gemessen bei pH 6,5.
Total content of the protease preparations A) - C) 0.1 to 2% by weight based on the skin material.
The protease preparations are preferably composed as follows:
- A) alkaline bacterial proteases with an enzyme activity of 2,000-50,000 U HB, preferably 10,000-30,000 U HB, measured at pH 10
- B) Pancreatic proteinases with an enzyme activity of 2,000-60,000, preferably 5,000-15,000 U HB measured at pH 8
- C) Fungal protease or acidic bacterial proteases with an enzyme activity of 5,000-100,000 U HB , preferably with 10,000-20,000 U HB measured at pH 6.5.
Die erfindungsgemäß einzusetzenden enzymatischen Beizpräparate können in Form von festen Mischungen oder vorzugsweise als Präparate in flüssigem Medium (DE-A 39 04 465; unveröffentlichte deutsche Patentanmeldung P 39 27 286.9) vorliegen.
Die Beizpräparate enthalten neben den Proteasen A) - C) noch zweckmäßigerweise an sich bekannte Zusätze wie Stabilisatoren, Stellmittel u.ä.. Als Stabilisatoren kommen z.B. Calciumsalze infrage. Als Stellmittel empfehlen sich Alkalichloride, -sulfate oder -bicarbonate.
Zur Beschleunigung der Durchentkälkung können in geringen Mengen (< 0,5 Gew.-% bezogen auf das Hautmaterial) Ammoniumsalze wie Ammonsulfat oder -chlorid eingesetzt werden.
Der Anteil der Salze an den Beizmitteln liegt in der Regel bei < 90 Gew.-% bezogen auf die Mittel als ganzes. Weiterhin kann das Beizmittel, vor allem in flüssiger Form noch Emulgatoren und Lösemittel enthalten, beispielsweise der in der DE-A 33 12 840 bzw. DE-A 33 22 840 beschriebenen Art. Im allgemeinen liegt der Anteil an Emulgatoren im Bereich von 0,01 bis 5 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise bei 0,1 bis 0,5 Gew.-% bezogen auf das Hautgewicht.The enzymatic pickling preparations to be used according to the invention can be in the form of solid mixtures or preferably as preparations in a liquid medium (DE-A 39 04 465; unpublished German patent application P 39 27 286.9).
In addition to the proteases A) - C), the pickling preparations advantageously also contain known additives such as stabilizers, adjusting agents and the like. Calcium salts, for example, are suitable as stabilizers. Alkali chlorides, sulfates or bicarbonates are recommended as adjusting agents.
Ammonium salts such as ammonium sulfate or chloride can be used in small amounts (<0.5% by weight, based on the skin material) to accelerate the decalcification.
The proportion of the salts in the pickling agents is generally <90% by weight, based on the agents as a whole. Furthermore, the mordant, especially in liquid form, can also contain emulsifiers and solvents, for example of the type described in DE-A 33 12 840 or DE-A 33 22 840. In general, the proportion of emulsifiers is in the range from 0.01 up to 5% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 0.5% by weight, based on the weight of the skin.
Besonders bevorzugt ist die Verwendung nichtionischer Emulgatoren gegebenenfalls in Kombination mit anionischen Emulgatoren. Genannt seien vor allem die Ethoxylate der C11-C13-Fettalkoholate mit 6 bis 25 Mol Ethylenoxid, vorzugsweise mit 6 - 9 Mol Ethylenoxid.
Als Lösungsmittel, die im allgemeinen in Mengen von 0,1 bis 5 Gew.-% bezogen auf das Gewicht der Entkälkungs-Flotte eingesetzt werden, kommen an sich übliche, beispielsweise aus der Gruppe der Mineralöle bzw. Mineralölfraktionen, der niederen Alkohole und Glykole und deren veretherte Derivate infrage. Beispielsweise seien Mineralöle mit zwischen 10 und 60, insbesondere 15 und 30 Gew.-% Aromatengehalt genannt.The use of nonionic emulsifiers, if appropriate in combination with anionic emulsifiers, is particularly preferred. The ethoxylates of the C11-C13 fatty alcoholates with 6 to 25 moles of ethylene oxide, preferably with 6-9 moles of ethylene oxide, should be mentioned above all.
Suitable solvents, which are generally used in amounts of 0.1 to 5% by weight, based on the weight of the decalcifying liquor, are conventional, for example from the group of mineral oils or mineral oil fractions, the lower alcohols and glycols and their etherified derivatives in question. For example, mineral oils with between 10 and 60, in particular 15 and 30,% by weight aromatics content may be mentioned.
Die Ausführung der Erfindung kann sich eng an die bekannten Vorgehensweisen bei der CO₂-Entkälkung anschließen.
Vorzugsweise arbeitet man dabei im Gerbfass oder in der Gerbmaschine wobei eine Rezirkulations- bzw. Umpumpeinrichtung für die Flotte vorteilhaft ist. Die angewendeten Flotten liegen im allgemeinen im Bereich bis 150 % bezogen auf das Blößengewicht. Zur Entkälkung wird CO₂-Gas unmittelbar in das Umpumpsystem eingespeist. Vorteilhafterweise liegt die Dosierung bei 7 - 11 l/min. Im allgemeinen dosiert man gleich zu Beginn das Beizmittel, beispielsweise das Produkt A gemäß den Ausführungsbeispielen zu. In der Regel fällt dann der pH-Wert der Flotte im ersten Zeitabschnitt, etwa nach ca. 20 Minuten von nahe 12 auf einen Wert um 8., nach einem weiteren Zeitabschnitt von etwa 10 Minuten auf einen Wert von ca. 6,5 - 7. Im allgemeinen sind die Blößen mit einer Stärke 1,8 - 2,5 mm nach einer Entkälkungsdauer von ca. 120 Minuten völlig durchentkälkt.The implementation of the invention can closely follow the known procedures for CO₂ decalcification.
The process is preferably carried out in the tanning drum or in the tanning machine, a recirculation or pumping device being advantageous for the liquor. The liquors used are generally in the range up to 150%, based on the weight of the nakedness. For descaling, CO₂ gas is fed directly into the pumping system. The dosage is advantageously 7-11 l / min. In general, the pickling agent, for example product A according to the exemplary embodiments, is metered in right at the start. As a rule, the pH of the liquor then drops from close to 12 to a value around 8 in the first period, after about 20 minutes, after one another time period of about 10 minutes to a value of approx. 6.5 - 7. In general, the pelts with a thickness of 1.8 - 2.5 mm are completely decalcified after a descaling period of approx. 120 minutes.
Die Häute sind im Hinblick auf Grundreinheit, Glätte und Hautaufschluß besser zu bewerten als bei Anwendung eines rein pankreatischen Beizmittels gleicher Aktivität (mit Aktivitätsoptimum bei pH 8) bei sonst identischer Durchführung. Andererseits fällt positiv ins Gewicht, daß das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren keine grundsätzliche Umstellung der CO₂-Entkälkungs- und Beizverfahrensweise erfordert.With regard to their basic purity, smoothness and skin disruption, the skins are to be rated better than when using a purely pancreatic mordant with the same activity (with optimum activity at pH 8) if the procedure is otherwise identical. On the other hand, it is positive that the process according to the invention does not require a fundamental change in the CO₂ decalcification and pickling process.
Die nachfolgenden Beispiele dienen zur Erläuterung der Erfindung.The following examples serve to explain the invention.
- 10 Gew.-%10% by weight
- einer alkalischen Bakterienprotease aus Bacillus licheniformis mit einer Aktivität von 250 UHB bei pH 10an alkaline bacterial protease from Bacillus licheniformis with an activity of 250 U HB at pH 10
- 50 Gew.-%50% by weight
- eines Pankreasenzym mit einer Aktivität von 250 UHB bei pH 8a pancreatic enzyme with an activity of 250 U HB at pH 8
- 40 Gew.-%40% by weight
- einer sauren Pilzprotease aus Aspergillus niger mit einer Aktivität von 250 UHB bei pH 6,5 Stellsalz der Einzelenzympräparate ist Natriumsulfat. Die Gesamtprotease-aktivität der Mischung bei pH 8 beträgt 180 UHB.An acidic fungal protease from Aspergillus niger with an activity of 250 U HB at pH 6.5, the salt of the individual enzyme preparations is sodium sulfate. The total protease activity of the mixture at pH 8 is 180 U HB .
- a) 10 Gew.-% einer flüssigen wäßrigen alkalischen Bakterienproteaseformulierung aus Bacillus licheniformis mit einer Aktivität von 250 UHB bei pH 10 (Präparation 1 siehe unten) unda) 10% by weight of a liquid aqueous alkaline bacterial protease formulation from Bacillus licheniformis with an activity of 250 U HB at pH 10 (preparation 1 see below) and
- b) 50 Gew.-% einer flüssigen, wäßrigen Prankreasenzympräparation mit einer Aktivität von 250 UHB bei pH 8 (Präparation 2) undb) 50% by weight of a liquid, aqueous prancreas enzyme preparation with an activity of 250 U HB at pH 8 (preparation 2) and
-
c) 40 Gew.-% einer flüssigen, wäßrigen Pilzproteaseformulierung aus Aspergillus niger mit einer Aktivität von 250 UHB bei pH 6,5 (Präparation 3) werden homogen vermischt.
Die Präparation hat eine Gesamtaktivität bei pH 8 von 180 UHB und wird durch einfaches Mischen der Einzelpräparationen a) bis c) hergestellt.c) 40% by weight of a liquid, aqueous fungal protease formulation from Aspergillus niger with an activity of 250 U HB at pH 6.5 (preparation 3) are mixed homogeneously.
The preparation has an overall activity at pH 8 of 180 U HB and is produced by simply mixing the individual preparations a) to c).
100 kg einer wäßrigen klaren Lösung einer alkalischen Bakterienprotease aus Bacillus licheniformis mit einer Aktivität von 10 000 UHB bei pH10 wird bei 16 Grad C mit 50 kg Ammoniumsulfat versetzt, wobei die Enzyme gefällt werden. Die Enzymsuspension besitzt eine Aktivität von 9 800 UHB bei pH 10 und eine Dichte von 1,22 bis 1,23 g/cm³. Diese Enzymsuspension wird anschließend mit soviel einer verdickten isotonischen Ammoniumsulfat-Lösung (480 mPa s) unter Rühren verdünnt damit eine Aktivität von 250 UHB bei pH 10 erreicht wird.100 kg of an aqueous clear solution of an alkaline bacterial protease from Bacillus licheniformis with an activity of 10,000 U HB at pH10 is mixed with 50 kg of ammonium sulfate at 16 ° C., the enzymes being precipitated. The enzyme suspension has an activity of 9,800 U HB at pH 10 and a density of 1.22 to 1.23 g / cm³. This enzyme suspension is then diluted with as much thickened isotonic ammonium sulfate solution (480 mPa s) with stirring so that an activity of 250 U HB at pH 10 is achieved.
100 kg Preßsaft wie er nach dem Zermahlen, Aktivieren und Extrahieren von Pankreasdrüsen anfällt wird mit 50 kg Ammoniumsulfat versetzt und die Pankreasenzyme ausgefällt. Die Pankreasenzymsuspension besitzt eine Aktivität von 8 400 UHB bei pH 8 und eine Dichte von ca. 1,22 bis 1,23 g/cm³. Diese Suspension wird anschließend mit soviel einer verdickten isotonischen Ammoniumsulfatlösung (480 mPa s) verdünnt, damit eine Aktivität von 250 UHB bei pH 8 erreicht wird.100 kg of squeezed juice obtained after grinding, activating and extracting pancreatic glands is mixed with 50 kg of ammonium sulfate and the pancreatic enzymes are precipitated. The pancreatic enzyme suspension has an activity of 8 400 U HB at pH 8 and a density of approx. 1.22 to 1.23 g / cm³. This suspension is then washed with as much thickened isotonic ammonium sulfate solution (480 mPa s) diluted to achieve an activity of 250 U HB at pH 8.
100 kg einer wäßrigen klaren Lösung einer Pilzprotease aus Aspergillus niger werden bei 16 Grad C mit 50 kg Ammoniumsulfat versetzt, wobei die Enzyme ausgefällt werden. Die Enzymsuspension mit einer Aktivität von 8 800 UHB bei pH 6,5 und einer Dichte von 1,22 bis 1,23 g/cm³ wird mit soviel verdickter isotonischer Ammoniumsulfatlösung verdünnt, daß eine Aktivität von 250 UHB bei pH 6,5 erreicht wird.100 kg of an aqueous clear solution of a fungal protease from Aspergillus niger are mixed with 50 kg of ammonium sulfate at 16 ° C., the enzymes being precipitated. The enzyme suspension with an activity of 8,800 U HB at pH 6.5 and a density of 1.22 to 1.23 g / cm³ is diluted with so much thickened isotonic ammonium sulfate solution that an activity of 250 U HB at pH 6.5 is reached becomes.
In einem Rührkessel werden 60,7 kg Wasser vorgelegt und mit einem Zahnscheibenrührer (Umfangsgeschwindigkeit 2-3 m/sec.) werden 1 kg eines Verdickungsmittels auf Xanthanbasis eingearbeitet (z.B. K1A96, Fa. Kelco). Ist die Viskosität der Lösung auf > 1 000 mPa s angestiegen, werden 38,3 kg Ammoniumsulfat zugegeben. Man rührt so lange bis das Ammoniumsulfat gelöst ist. Die Viskosität fällt dabei auf 480 mPa s ab.60.7 kg of water are placed in a stirred kettle and 1 kg of a xanthan-based thickener (e.g. K1A96, Kelco) is incorporated using a toothed disk stirrer (peripheral speed 2-3 m / sec.). When the viscosity of the solution has risen to> 1,000 mPa s, 38.3 kg of ammonium sulfate are added. The mixture is stirred until the ammonium sulfate is dissolved. The viscosity drops to 480 mPa s.
- a) 10 Gew.-% einer flüssigen nichtwäßrigen alkalischen Bakterienprotease aus Bacillus licheniformis mit einer Aktivität von 250 UHB bei pH 10 und
- b) 50 Gew.-% einer flüssigen nichtwäßrigen Pankreasenzympräparation mit einer Aktivität von 250 UHB bei pH 8 und
- c) 40 Gew.-% einer flüssigen, wäßrigen Pilzproteasepräparation aus Aspergillus niger mit einer Aktivität von 250 UHB bei pH 6,5
werden homogen vermischt. Die Gesamtformulierung hat eine Aktivität von 180 UHB bei pH 8.
- a) 10% by weight of a liquid non-aqueous alkaline bacterial protease from Bacillus licheniformis with an activity of 250 U HB at pH 10 and
- b) 50% by weight of a liquid non-aqueous pancreatic enzyme preparation with an activity of 250 U HB at pH 8 and
- c) 40% by weight of a liquid, aqueous fungal protease preparation from Aspergillus niger with an activity of 250 U HB at pH 6.5
are mixed homogeneously. The overall formulation has an activity of 180 U HB at pH 8.
500 g C₁₃-Fettalkoholethoxylat mit 6-7 Mol Ethylenoxideinheiten, 150,5 g Petroleum (Kp. 110 Grad C) und 307 g Mineralöl (Kp. > 250 Grad C) werden nach Zusatz von 30 g eines organisch modifizierten Bentonits (z.B. Bentone 27, Fa. Kronos Titan, Leverkusen) 35 Minuten lang in einem Ultra-Turrax Rührgerät mit 16 m/sec Umfangsgeschwindigkeit dispergiert. Die Dispersion läßt man 24 Stunden stehen wonach eine Viskosität von 350 mPa s erreicht ist. Unter gleichen Dispergierbedingungen werden nun 12,5 g pulverförmiges Proteaseenzym zugegeben und weitere 5 Minuten dispergiert. Die Einzelpräparation hat bei Verwendung einer pulverförmigen
- a) alkalischen Bakterienprotease aus Bacillus licheniformis mit der Aktivität von 20 000 UHB bei pH 10 eine Endaktivität von 250 UHB bei pH 10
- b) Pankreasprotease mit der Aktivität von 20 000 UHB bei pH 8 eine Endaktivität von 250 UHB bei pH 8
- c) Pilzprotease mit der Aktivität von 20 000 UHB bei pH 6,5 eine Endaktivität von 250 UHB bei pH 6,5.
- a) alkaline bacterial protease from Bacillus licheniformis with the activity of 20,000 U HB at pH 10 and an end activity of 250 U HB at pH 10
- b) pancreatic protease with the activity of 20,000 U HB at pH 8 a final activity of 250 U HB at pH 8
- c) fungal protease with the activity of 20,000 U HB at pH 6.5 a final activity of 250 U HB at pH 6.5.
In ein Gerbfass mit Rezirkulations- bzw. Umpumpeinheit für die Flotte, werden 1 000 kg geäscherte Rindshaut mit 800 kg Wasser eingebracht.
Zur Entkälkung wird CO₂-Gas direkt in das Umpumpsystem eingespeist. Die Dosierung an CO₂ beträgt 8 bis 9 l/min. Gleich zu Beginn wird 0,5 % (bez. auf Blößengewicht) Beizmittel (Produkt A) zudosiert. Der Anfangs-pH-Wert in der Flotte fällt während den ersten 10 Minuten von pH 11,8 auf pH 8 - 8,2, nach weiteren 10 Minuten auf pH 6,5 -7. Nach insgesamt 120 Minuten Entklälkungszeit sind die Blößen im Querschnitt völlig durchentkälkt. Die Häute sind bzgl. Grundreinheit, Glätte und Hautaufschluß besser zu bewerten, als bei identischen Anwendungen eines reinen Pankreasbeizmittels gleicher Aktivität mit Aktivitätsoptimum bei pH 8.1,000 kg of ashed beef hide with 800 kg of water are placed in a tanning drum with a recirculation or pumping unit for the fleet.
For descaling, CO₂ gas is fed directly into the pumping system. The dosage of CO₂ is 8 to 9 l / min. Right at the start, 0.5% (based on pelt weight) pickling agent (product A) is added. The initial pH in the liquor drops from pH 11.8 to pH 8.2-8 during the first 10 minutes and to pH 6.5-7 after a further 10 minutes. After a total of 120 minutes of descaling, the bare cross-sections are completely descaled. The skins are to be rated better with regard to basic purity, smoothness and skin disintegration than with identical applications of a pure pancreatic stain with the same activity and optimum activity at pH 8.
Analog Beispiel 1 wurde Produkt B mit gleicher Dosierung und Anwendung eingesetzt. Da Produkt B flüssig ist, kann dieses automatisch über eine Dosiervorrichtung zudosiert werden. In diesem Fall ist ein zusätzliches Öffnen des Gerbfasses nicht erforderlich. Dadurch wird eine Exposition mit giftigem Schwefelwasserstoff vermieden, welcher bei der CO₂-Entkälkung in verstärktem Maße freigesetzt wird.Analogously to Example 1, Product B was used with the same dosage and application. Since product B is liquid, it can be added automatically via a dosing device. In this case an additional opening of the tanning drum is not necessary. This avoids exposure to toxic hydrogen sulfide, which is released to a greater extent during CO₂ decalcification.
Analog Beispiel 2 wird Produkt C in gleicher Anwendung und Dosierung eingesetzt. Produkt C enthält Emulgatoren wodurch die Grundreinheit der Häute zusätzlich verbessert wird.Analogously to example 2, product C is used in the same application and dosage. Product C contains emulsifiers which further improve the basic purity of the skins.
Claims (4)
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Beizpräparate als Proteasen P
characterized,
that the pickling preparations as proteases P
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4020110A DE4020110A1 (en) | 1990-06-23 | 1990-06-23 | NEW ENZYMATIC SEEDING PREPARATIONS |
DE4020110 | 1990-06-23 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0464531A2 true EP0464531A2 (en) | 1992-01-08 |
EP0464531A3 EP0464531A3 (en) | 1992-09-09 |
EP0464531B1 EP0464531B1 (en) | 1994-09-28 |
Family
ID=6408983
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP91110302A Expired - Lifetime EP0464531B1 (en) | 1990-06-23 | 1991-06-22 | Enzymatic bating preparations |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0464531B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE112323T1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE4020110A1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK0464531T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2062621T3 (en) |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2147542A (en) * | 1937-01-27 | 1939-02-14 | Ruby Kid Co | Treating skins, hides, and pelts |
DE974813C (en) * | 1954-12-24 | 1961-05-04 | Roehm & Haas G M B H | Process for pickling animal skin |
DE2321629A1 (en) * | 1973-04-28 | 1974-11-14 | Roehm Gmbh | PICKLING PROCESS |
-
1990
- 1990-06-23 DE DE4020110A patent/DE4020110A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1991
- 1991-06-22 EP EP91110302A patent/EP0464531B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-06-22 DE DE59103082T patent/DE59103082D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-06-22 AT AT91110302T patent/ATE112323T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-06-22 ES ES91110302T patent/ES2062621T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-06-22 DK DK91110302.6T patent/DK0464531T3/en active
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2147542A (en) * | 1937-01-27 | 1939-02-14 | Ruby Kid Co | Treating skins, hides, and pelts |
DE974813C (en) * | 1954-12-24 | 1961-05-04 | Roehm & Haas G M B H | Process for pickling animal skin |
DE2321629A1 (en) * | 1973-04-28 | 1974-11-14 | Roehm Gmbh | PICKLING PROCESS |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE4020110A1 (en) | 1992-01-02 |
DE59103082D1 (en) | 1994-11-03 |
ES2062621T3 (en) | 1994-12-16 |
DK0464531T3 (en) | 1994-11-14 |
ATE112323T1 (en) | 1994-10-15 |
EP0464531A3 (en) | 1992-09-09 |
EP0464531B1 (en) | 1994-09-28 |
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