EP0197918A1 - Method of liming hides and skins - Google Patents
Method of liming hides and skins Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0197918A1 EP0197918A1 EP86890089A EP86890089A EP0197918A1 EP 0197918 A1 EP0197918 A1 EP 0197918A1 EP 86890089 A EP86890089 A EP 86890089A EP 86890089 A EP86890089 A EP 86890089A EP 0197918 A1 EP0197918 A1 EP 0197918A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- liming
- skins
- hides
- hair
- skin
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- RYYXDZDBXNUPOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,3-benzothiazole-2,6-diamine;dihydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.Cl.C1C(N)CCC2=C1SC(N)=N2 RYYXDZDBXNUPOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylamine Chemical compound CNC ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- NYYSPVRERVXMLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4-difluorocyclohexan-1-one Chemical compound FC1(F)CCC(=O)CC1 NYYSPVRERVXMLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001477 organic nitrogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- PNKUSGQVOMIXLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formamidine Chemical compound NC=N PNKUSGQVOMIXLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 210000003491 skin Anatomy 0.000 description 22
- 210000004209 hair Anatomy 0.000 description 13
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 7
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052979 sodium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium sulfide (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[S-2] GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000002615 epidermis Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 241000283153 Cetacea Species 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxidochlorine(.) Chemical compound O=Cl=O OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- JVBXVOWTABLYPX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium dithionite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)S([O-])=O JVBXVOWTABLYPX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000004155 Chlorine dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000032544 Cicatrix Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000008186 Collagen Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010035532 Collagen Proteins 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical class C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000160777 Hipparchia semele Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000011782 Keratins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010076876 Keratins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 206010044625 Trichorrhexis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000577 adipose tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000008055 alkyl aryl sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000008051 alkyl sulfates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004380 ashing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000005621 boronate group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000309464 bull Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000010216 calcium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019398 chlorine dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001436 collagen Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000002808 connective tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002951 depilatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylamine Chemical compound CCNCC HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004905 finger nail Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000007529 inorganic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930014626 natural product Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 206010033675 panniculitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 150000004965 peroxy acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XWGJFPHUCFXLBL-UHFFFAOYSA-M rongalite Chemical compound [Na+].OCS([O-])=O XWGJFPHUCFXLBL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 231100000241 scar Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000037387 scars Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- HYHCSLBZRBJJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydrosulfide Chemical compound [Na+].[SH-] HYHCSLBZRBJJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- PFUVRDFDKPNGAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium peroxide Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][O-] PFUVRDFDKPNGAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007920 subcutaneous administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004304 subcutaneous tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 1
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
- C14C—CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF HIDES, SKINS OR LEATHER, e.g. TANNING, IMPREGNATING, FINISHING; APPARATUS THEREFOR; COMPOSITIONS FOR TANNING
- C14C1/00—Chemical treatment prior to tanning
- C14C1/06—Facilitating unhairing, e.g. by painting, by liming
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for the liming of hides and skins with a liming on the basis of reducing compounds while avoiding residual sulfides and lowering the biological oxygen demand in the waste water.
- sodium sulfate sodium hydrogen sulfide
- Thiourea dioxide (formamidine sulfinic acid) has already been proposed for the treatment of wool in order to convert disulfide bridges into sulfhydryl groups and to obtain modified fibers with improved shrink-resistant properties (US Pat. No. 2,403,937).
- a reducing agent such as Rongalit, sodium dithionite or thiourea dioxide in the presence of free formaldehyde or an alkyl dihalide to for reuse wool remaining to discolor e or wastes.
- the object of the invention is to provide a process for the liming of hides and skins, with which extensive avoidance of sulfides, prevention of toxic wastewater, extensive protection of the skin and reduction of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the wastewater as well as a reduction of the required chemical quantities are made possible.
- COD chemical oxygen demand
- this object is achieved with a method for liming of hides and skins with an alkaline reducing liming, which is characterized in that the liming is carried out with thiourea dioxide (formamidine sulfinic acid), advantageously in an amount of 0.1 to 3.0% by weight, preferably of 0 , 5 to 1.0 wt .-%, based on the softened hides and skins, optionally in the presence of surface-active substances and / or organic nitrogen bases, is used.
- thiourea dioxide formamidine sulfinic acid
- the surface-active substances which can be used according to the invention include, in particular, those based on alkyl sulfates, alkylarylsulfonates or ethylene oxide derivatives.
- Dimethylamine, diethylamine, mono-, di- or triethanolamine are advantageously used as organic nitrogen bases.
- the amount used is up to 0.5% by weight, based on the softened raw skin.
- an alkaline bath with pH values between about 8 to 14, preferably pH 10 to 13, is generally used.
- inorganic lyes such as sodium hydroxide solution or potassium hydroxide solution
- inorganic bases such as lime, milk of lime, calcium oxide, calcium carbonate, calcium hydroxide can also be used.
- the amount of liquor to be used when carrying out the reduction in the aqueous phase is generally about 20 to 500%, based on the weight of the softened hides and skins.
- the optimal amount of liquor depends primarily on the type of implementation of the process. In the cremation in the pit, relatively high amounts of water must generally be used, since the material is entirely from the Depilatory liquid must be covered. In contrast, the practically most and preferably used method of liming in the barrel comes with relatively little liquor, namely about 20 to 200%, preferably 30 to 110%, based; on the weight of the softened hides and skins.
- the duration of exposure required according to the present invention depends primarily on the type of hides and skins to be treated.
- the liming process will end after about 16 to 32 hours, depending on the type of skin and skin to be depilated.
- the liming takes place within 24 hours at room temperature at 2 revolutions per minute.
- the hair After the liming, the hair is largely dissolved. Remaining hair and hair roots can be easily removed by bluntly scraping the grain side. The subcutaneous connective tissue adhering to the meat side can easily be sheared off.
- Example 2 As in Example 1, 102 kg of soaked cattle hides are placed in a whale barrel. Then 2.5 kg of calcium hydroxide, 100 Liters of water and 0.5 kg of thiourea dioxide. A pH of 12.8 is set with 1 kg of 50% sodium hydroxide solution. The liming takes place for 16 hours at room temperature at approx. 2 revolutions per minute. After the reaction, the liming liquid has a pH of 12.1 and a COD of 9200 mg O 2 / l.
- the hair and adipose tissue can be easily removed.
- the nakedness has taken on a light color and is soft.
- Half a soaked bull skin with a weight of 16 kg is placed in a drum, in which 15 liters of water were placed.
- a drum After adding 400 grams of hydrated lime, 80 g of thiourea dioxide (formamidine sulfinic acid), 160 g of commercially available liming aid, consisting of a mixture of alkylolamines with approx. 88% active substance (Mollescal AE from BASF) and 80 g of a polycarboxylic acid sodium salt with 50% active substance ( POC AS 2020 50% from ⁇ CW), the barrel is opened again and a pH of 12.9 is set by adding 650 ml of 50% sodium hydroxide solution. The duration of treatment is 4 hours, with the barrel being moved alternately for 30 minutes and resting for 30 minutes. After this period, the hair can be easily pushed off with your fingernail and some of it has grown into a protein pulp.
- the liming waste water has a pH of 12.5 and a COD of 13300 mg O 2 / l.
- the liming broth After the reaction, the liming broth has a pH of 12.2 and a COD of 22,000 mg O 2 / l. When mixed with acidic waste water, malodorous hydrogen sulfide is released.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
- Treatment And Processing Of Natural Fur Or Leather (AREA)
- Cosmetics (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Äschern von Häuten und Fellen mit einem Äscher auf der Basis reduzierend wirkender Verbindungen unter Vermeidung von Restsulfiden und Absenkung des biologischen Sauerstoffbedarfes im Abwasser.The invention relates to a method for the liming of hides and skins with a liming on the basis of reducing compounds while avoiding residual sulfides and lowering the biological oxygen demand in the waste water.
Das Enthaaren von Fellen oder Häuten mit Hilfe von Reduktionsmitteln ist seit langem bekannt. Obwohl Prozesse mit einer Vielzahl dieser Stoffe beschrieben worden sind, wird heute meist mit "angeschärftem" Äscher gearbeitet, nämlich einer Kombination von Calciumhydroxid und Natriumsulfid. Natriumsulfid spaltet die Disulfid-Brücke des Keratin-Moleküls und löst dadurch die Haarsubstanz und die Epidermis. Calciumhydroxid lockert durch alkalische Quellung die Struktur des Kollagen-Gewebes und löst interfibrillare, nichtkollagene Proteine. Beide Chemikalien ergänzen sich und beschleunigen die Haarentfernung und den Hautaufschluß.Dehairing of skins or skins with the help of reducing agents has been known for a long time. Although processes with a large number of these substances have been described, today mostly "sharpened" liming is used, namely a combination of calcium hydroxide and sodium sulfide. Sodium sulfide cleaves the disulfide bridge of the keratin molecule and thereby loosens the hair substance and the epidermis. Calcium hydroxide loosens the structure of the collagen tissue through alkaline swelling and dissolves interfibrillary, non-collagenous proteins. Both chemicals complement each other and accelerate hair removal and skin opening.
Da die starke Alkalität des Natriumsulfides zu störender, übermäßiger Quellung des Hautmaterials führen kann, werden puffernde, quellungsdämpfende Äscherhilfsmittel zugesetzt oder es wird ein Teil des Natriumsulfids gegen Natriumhydrogensulfid (Natriumsulfhydrat) ausgetauscht, das eine geringere Quellung verursacht.Since the strong alkalinity of sodium sulfide can lead to disruptive, excessive swelling of the skin material, buffering, swelling-reducing liming aids are added or part of the sodium sulfide is replaced by sodium hydrogen sulfide (sodium sulfate), which causes less swelling.
Der große Nachteil aller dieser Verfahren ist jedoch die äußerst starke Belastung des Abwassers mit giftigem Natriumsulfid und sauerstoffzehrenden Substanzen.The major disadvantage of all of these processes, however, is the extremely high pollution of the wastewater with toxic sodium sulfide and oxygen-consuming substances.
) Andere Verfahren beschreiben die oxidative Haarzerstörung mit Natriumperoxid, Persäuren oder mit Chlordioxid (DE-AS 1276286). Diese Systeme haben aber keinen nennenswerten Eingang in die Praxis gefunden. Weitere Enthaarungs- und Hautaufschlußmöglichkeiten bestehen in bakterieller bzw. enzyma-5tischer Behandlung der Haut. Der Enzymäscher hat sich aber nur bei der Herstellung feiner hochwertiger Ledersorten eingeführt.) Other methods describe the oxidative hair destruction with sodium peroxide, peracids or with chlorine dioxide (DE-AS 1276286). However, these systems have not found any significant entry into practice. Other hair removal and skin disintegration options are bacterial or enzymatic treatment of the skin. However, the enzyme limiter has only introduced in the production of fine, high-quality leather.
Der auf Dimethylamin bzw. dessen Sulfat beruhende Amin- äscher sowie Äscher, bei denen Erdalkaliboranate oder Natriumdithionit (DE-AS 1278 678) eingesetzt'werden, scheinen keine technische Anwendung gefunden zu haben.The amine ashtray based on dimethylamine or its sulfate, as well as ashtrays in which alkaline earth boronates or sodium dithionite (DE-AS 1278 678) are used, seem to have found no technical application.
Die Gründe liegen darin, daß diese Äscher nicht in der Lage sind, haarzerstörend zu wirken und Reaktionszeiten bis 72 Stunden benötigen.The reason for this is that these limestones are unable to destroy the hair and require reaction times of up to 72 hours.
Thioharnstoffdioxid (Formamidinsulfinsäure) wurde bereits für die Behandlung von Wolle vorgeschlagen, um Disulfidbrücken in Sulfhydrylgruppen umzuwandeln und um modifizierte Fasern mit verbesserten schrumpffesten Eigenschaften zu erhalten (US-PS 2 403 937). Nach einer anderen, in der GB-PS 646 809 beschriebenen Methode wird keratinöses Material, insbesondere Volle, mit einem Reduktionsmittel wie Rongalit, Natriumdithionit oder Thioharnstoffdioxid in Gegenwart von freiem Formaldehyd oder einem Alkyldihalogenid behandelt, um wiederzuverwendende Wollreste oder -abfälle zu entfärben.Thiourea dioxide (formamidine sulfinic acid) has already been proposed for the treatment of wool in order to convert disulfide bridges into sulfhydryl groups and to obtain modified fibers with improved shrink-resistant properties (US Pat. No. 2,403,937). According to another, in GB-PS described 646809 method will keratinous material, in particular Full treated with a reducing agent such as Rongalit, sodium dithionite or thiourea dioxide in the presence of free formaldehyde or an alkyl dihalide to for reuse wool remaining to discolor e or wastes.
Bei keiner der angeführten Thioharnstoffdioxid-Verwendungen wird eine Haarzerstörung und -ablösung erwähnt; die beschriebenen Verfahren sind für ein Äschern von Häuten und Fellen nicht geeignet, weil sie nicht in der Lage sind, eine vollständige Ablösung der Haare und der Oberhaut zu bewirken. Sie können daher nicht für die Lederherstellung verwendet werden.None of the listed thiourea dioxide uses mention hair breakage and detachment; the methods described are not suitable for liming of hides and skins because they are unable to completely detach the hair and epidermis. Therefore, they cannot be used for leather production.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist die Schaffung eines Verfahrens zum Äschern von Häuten und Fellen, mit welchem eine weitgehende Vermeidung von Sulfiden, Verhinderung giftiger Abwässer, eine weitgehende Hautschonung und Absenkung des chemischen Sauerstoffbedarfes (CSB) der Abwässer sowie eine Verringerung der benötigten Chemikalienmengen ermöglicht werden.The object of the invention is to provide a process for the liming of hides and skins, with which extensive avoidance of sulfides, prevention of toxic wastewater, extensive protection of the skin and reduction of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the wastewater as well as a reduction of the required chemical quantities are made possible.
Gemäß der Erfindung wird dieses Ziel mit einem Verfahren zum Äschern von Häuten und Fellen mit einem alkalischen reduzierenden Äscher erreicht, das dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß man das Äschern mit Thioharnstoffdioxid (Formamidinsulfinsäure) durchführt, das vorteilhaft in einer Menge von 0,1 bis 3,0 Gew.-%, bevorzugt von 0,5 bis 1,0 Gew.-%, bezogen auf die geweichten Häute und Felle, gegebenenfalls in Gegenwart von grenzflächenaktiven Substanzen und/oder organischen Stickstoffbasen, verwendet wird.According to the invention, this object is achieved with a method for liming of hides and skins with an alkaline reducing liming, which is characterized in that the liming is carried out with thiourea dioxide (formamidine sulfinic acid), advantageously in an amount of 0.1 to 3.0% by weight, preferably of 0 , 5 to 1.0 wt .-%, based on the softened hides and skins, optionally in the presence of surface-active substances and / or organic nitrogen bases, is used.
Zu den erfindungsgemäß anwendbaren grenzflächenaktiven Substanzen zählen insbesondere solche auf der Basis von Alkylsulfaten, Alkylarylsulfonaten oder Äthylenoxid-Derivaten. Als organische Stickstoffbasen werden vorteilhaft Dimethylamin, Diäthylamin, Mono-, Di- oder Triäthanolamin eingesetzt. Die Einsatzmenge beträgt bis 0,5 Gew.-%, bezogen auf die geweichte Rohhaut.The surface-active substances which can be used according to the invention include, in particular, those based on alkyl sulfates, alkylarylsulfonates or ethylene oxide derivatives. Dimethylamine, diethylamine, mono-, di- or triethanolamine are advantageously used as organic nitrogen bases. The amount used is up to 0.5% by weight, based on the softened raw skin.
Mit Hilfe der erfindungsgemäßen Anwendung von Thioharnstoffdioxid ist eine Haarentfernung und ein Hautaufschluß ohne Inkaufnahme der vorstehend erwähnten Nachteile der bekannten Verfahren möglich.With the use of thiourea dioxide according to the invention, hair removal and skin disruption are possible without accepting the above-mentioned disadvantages of the known methods.
Zur Behandlung der Häute und Felle mit Thioharnstoffdioxid gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung wird im allgemeinen ein alkalisches Bad mit pH-Werten zwischen etwa 8 bis 14, vorzugsweise pH 10 bis 13, angewandt.To treat the hides and skins with thiourea dioxide according to the present invention, an alkaline bath with pH values between about 8 to 14, preferably pH 10 to 13, is generally used.
Für die Einstellung des alkalischen pH-Wertes kommen aus wirtschaftlichen Erwägungen vorzugsweise anorganische Laugen, wie Natronlauge oder Kalilauge zur Anwendung. Es können aber auch anorganische Basen wie Kalk, Kalkmilch, Calciumoxid, Calciumcarbonat, Calciumhydroxid zur Anwendung kommen.For economic reasons, inorganic lyes, such as sodium hydroxide solution or potassium hydroxide solution, are preferably used to adjust the alkaline pH. However, inorganic bases such as lime, milk of lime, calcium oxide, calcium carbonate, calcium hydroxide can also be used.
Die bei der Durchführung der Reduktion in wässeriger Phase einzusetzende Flottenmenge beträgt im allgemeinen etwa 20 bis 500 %, bezogen auf das Gewicht der geweichten Häute und Felle. Die optimale Flottenmenge richtet sich vor allem nach der Art der Durchführung des Verfahrens. Beim Äschern in der Grube müssen im allgemeinen verhältnismäßig hohe Mengen an Wasser zur Anwendung kommen, da das Material ganz von der Enthaarungsflüssigkeit bedeckt sein muß. Bei der praktisch am meisten und bevorzugt angewandten Methode des Äscherns im Faß kommt man dagegen mit verhältnismäßig wenig Flotte, nämlich etwa 20 bis 200 %, vorzugsweise 30 bis 110 %, bezogen ; auf das Gewicht der geweichten Häute und Felle, aus.The amount of liquor to be used when carrying out the reduction in the aqueous phase is generally about 20 to 500%, based on the weight of the softened hides and skins. The optimal amount of liquor depends primarily on the type of implementation of the process. In the cremation in the pit, relatively high amounts of water must generally be used, since the material is entirely from the Depilatory liquid must be covered. In contrast, the practically most and preferably used method of liming in the barrel comes with relatively little liquor, namely about 20 to 200%, preferably 30 to 110%, based; on the weight of the softened hides and skins.
Die gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung erforderliche Einwir- kungsdauer ist in erster Linie abhängig von der Art der zu behandelnden Häute und Felle. Beim Arbeiten im Faß unter Bedingungen, wie sie in der Praxis bevorzugt zur Anwendung kommen, zum Beispiel bei Temperaturen von etwa 15 bis 30°C und einer Flottenmenge von etwa 40 bis 110 % (bezogen auf das Gewicht der geweichten Häute und Felle), kann im allgemeinen damit gerechnet werden, daß der Äscherprozeß nach etwa 16 bis 32 Stunden, je nach Art der zu enthaarenden Häute und Felle, beendet ist.The duration of exposure required according to the present invention depends primarily on the type of hides and skins to be treated. When working in the barrel under conditions such as are preferred in practice, for example at temperatures of about 15 to 30 ° C and a liquor amount of about 40 to 110% (based on the weight of the softened hides and skins) in general, it can be expected that the liming process will end after about 16 to 32 hours, depending on the type of skin and skin to be depilated.
Bei der Verarbeitung von Naturprodukten müssen wegen der schwankenden Beschaffenheit der Rohstoffe die Verfahrensbedingungen den jeweiligen Erfordernissen der Praxis angepaßt und im Einzelfall durch einen orientierenden Vorversuch ausprobiert werden.When processing natural products, due to the fluctuating nature of the raw materials, the process conditions have to be adapted to the respective practical requirements and tried out in individual cases by means of a preliminary test.
100 kg schwere, geweichte Rinderhäute werden in ein Walkfaß eingebracht. Man gibt 2,5 kg Calciumhydroxid und 200 Liter Wasser sowie 2 kg Thioharnstoffdioxid in das Walkfaß. Der pH-Wert der Flotte beträgt vor und nach dem Äschern 12,2.100 kg of softened cattle hides are placed in a whale barrel. 2.5 kg of calcium hydroxide and 200 liters of water and 2 kg of thiourea dioxide are added to the drum. The pH of the liquor before and after liming is 12.2.
Das Äschern erfolgt innerhalb 24 Stunden bei Raumtemperatur mit 2 Umdrehungen pro Minute.The liming takes place within 24 hours at room temperature at 2 revolutions per minute.
Nach dem Äschern sind die Haare zum größten Teil aufgelöst. Restliche Haare und Haarwurzeln lassen sich durch stumpfes Überschaben der Narbenseite leicht entfernen. Das an der Fleischseite haftende Unterhaut-Bindegewebe läßt sich leicht abscheren.After the liming, the hair is largely dissolved. Remaining hair and hair roots can be easily removed by bluntly scraping the grain side. The subcutaneous connective tissue adhering to the meat side can easily be sheared off.
Wie im Beispiel 1 werden 102 kg geweichte Rinderhäute in ein Walkfaß eingebracht. Dann werden 2,5 kg Calciumhydroxid, 100 Liter Wasser und 0,5 kg Thioharnstoffdioxid eingebracht. Mit 1 kg Natronlauge 50 % wird ein pH-Wert von 12,8 eingestellt. Das Äschern erfolgt 16 Stunden lang bei Raumtemperatur mit ca. 2 Umdrehungen pro Minute. Die Äscherflüssigkeit hat nach beendeter Reaktion einen pH-Wert von 12,1 und einen CSB-Wert von 9200 mg O2/l.As in Example 1, 102 kg of soaked cattle hides are placed in a whale barrel. Then 2.5 kg of calcium hydroxide, 100 Liters of water and 0.5 kg of thiourea dioxide. A pH of 12.8 is set with 1 kg of 50% sodium hydroxide solution. The liming takes place for 16 hours at room temperature at approx. 2 revolutions per minute. After the reaction, the liming liquid has a pH of 12.1 and a COD of 9200 mg O 2 / l.
Die Entfernung der Haare und des Fettgewebes kann leicht erfolgen. Die Blöße hat eine helle Farbe angenommen und ist weich.The hair and adipose tissue can be easily removed. The nakedness has taken on a light color and is soft.
Eine halbe, geweichte Bullenhaut mit einem Gewicht von 16 kg wird in ein Walkfaß eingebracht, in dem 15 Liter Wasser vorgelegt waren. Nach Zugabe von 400 Gramm Kalkhydrat, 80 g Thioharnstoffdioxid (Formamidinsulfinsäure), 160 g handelsüblichem Äscherhilfsmittel, bestehend aus einer Mischung von Alkylolaminen mit ca. 88 % Wirksubstanz (Mollescal AE der Firma BASF) und 80 g eines Polycarbonsäure-Natriumsalzes mit 50 % Wirksubstanz (POC AS 2020 50 % der Firma ÖCW), wird das Faß wieder geöffnet und durch Zugabe von 650 ml 50 %iger Natronlauge wird ein pH-Wert von 12,9 eingestellt. Die Behandlungsdauer beträgt 4 Stunden, wobei das Faß im Wechsel 30 Minuten bewegt wird und 30 Minuten ruht. Nach dieser Laufzeit lassen sich die Haare mit dem Fingernagel leicht abschieben und sind zum Teil zu einem Proteinbrei angesulzt.Half a soaked bull skin with a weight of 16 kg is placed in a drum, in which 15 liters of water were placed. After adding 400 grams of hydrated lime, 80 g of thiourea dioxide (formamidine sulfinic acid), 160 g of commercially available liming aid, consisting of a mixture of alkylolamines with approx. 88% active substance (Mollescal AE from BASF) and 80 g of a polycarboxylic acid sodium salt with 50% active substance ( POC AS 2020 50% from ÖCW), the barrel is opened again and a pH of 12.9 is set by adding 650 ml of 50% sodium hydroxide solution. The duration of treatment is 4 hours, with the barrel being moved alternately for 30 minutes and resting for 30 minutes. After this period, the hair can be easily pushed off with your fingernail and some of it has grown into a protein pulp.
Zur Erzielung eines vollständigen Hautaufschluesses werden nach 4 Stunden zusätzlich 15 Liter Wasser hinzugefügt. Während der restlichenÄscherdauer von 12 Stunden wird im Intervall von 1 Stunde das Faß jeweils 2 Minuten lang bewegt. Die Blößen sind haarfrei und weich. Die Epidermis und Pigmente sind leicht entfernbar. Die Narben sind glatt und geschlossen.To achieve complete skin disruption, an additional 15 liters of water are added after 4 hours. The barrel is agitated for 2 minutes every 1 hour for the remaining 12 hours of ashing. The nakedness is hairless and soft. The epidermis and pigments are easily removable. The scars are smooth and closed.
Das Äscherabwasser hat nach beendeter Reaktion einen pH-Wert von 12,5 und einen CSB-Wert von 13300 mg O2/l. Eine Aus- ; gleichsneutralisation des Abwassers ist ohne Geruchs-After the reaction, the liming waste water has a pH of 12.5 and a COD of 13300 mg O 2 / l. An off; equal wastewater neutralization is without odor
100 kg Rohhäute werden nach dem Weichen in das Äscheraß eingebracht. In einem konventionellen Kalk-Sulfid-Äschersystem werden 1 kg Natriumsulfid technisch, 1 kg Äscherhilfsmittel und 2,5 kg Kalk eingebracht. Das Flüssigkeitsvolumen beträgt 100 Liter. Der pH-Wert beträgt 12,9. Nach 16 Stunden Äscherdauer mit 2 U/min bei Raumtemperatur ist die Haar- und Unterhaut-Entfernung gleich gut durchführbar wie im Beispiel 2.After soaking, 100 kg of raw hides are introduced into the grayling ale. In a conventional lime-sulfide liming system, 1 kg technical sodium sulfide, 1 kg liming aid and 2.5 kg lime are introduced. The liquid volume is 100 liters. The pH is 12.9. After 16 hours of liming at 2 rpm at room temperature, the hair and subcutaneous tissue removal can be carried out as well as in Example 2.
Die Äscherbrühe hat nach beendeter Reaktion einen pH-Wert von 12,2 und einen CSB-Wert von 22.000 mg O2/l. Beim Vermischen mit sauren Abwässern wird übelriechender Schwefelwasserstoff freigesetzt.After the reaction, the liming broth has a pH of 12.2 and a COD of 22,000 mg O 2 / l. When mixed with acidic waste water, malodorous hydrogen sulfide is released.
Claims (3)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT1005/85 | 1985-04-03 | ||
AT0100585A AT381952B (en) | 1985-04-03 | 1985-04-03 | METHOD FOR ASHING SKIN AND SKIN |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP0197918A1 true EP0197918A1 (en) | 1986-10-15 |
EP0197918B1 EP0197918B1 (en) | 1987-11-25 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP19860890089 Expired EP0197918B1 (en) | 1985-04-03 | 1986-04-02 | Method of liming hides and skins |
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EP (1) | EP0197918B1 (en) |
AT (1) | AT381952B (en) |
DE (1) | DE3660009D1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0306474A1 (en) * | 1987-09-02 | 1989-03-08 | ÖSTERREICHISCHE CHEMISCHE WERKE GESELLSCHAFT m.b.H. | Method of post-liming skins and slit hides |
US5508195A (en) * | 1992-06-25 | 1996-04-16 | Rohm Gmbh | Method for liming hides and skins |
-
1985
- 1985-04-03 AT AT0100585A patent/AT381952B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1986
- 1986-04-02 DE DE8686890089T patent/DE3660009D1/en not_active Expired
- 1986-04-02 EP EP19860890089 patent/EP0197918B1/en not_active Expired
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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Keine Entgegenhaltungen * |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0306474A1 (en) * | 1987-09-02 | 1989-03-08 | ÖSTERREICHISCHE CHEMISCHE WERKE GESELLSCHAFT m.b.H. | Method of post-liming skins and slit hides |
WO1989001980A1 (en) * | 1987-09-02 | 1989-03-09 | Österreichische Chemische Werke Gesellschaft M.B.H | Process for reliming smoothed skins and splits |
AT388387B (en) * | 1987-09-02 | 1989-06-12 | Oesterr Chem Werke | METHOD FOR REFURBISHING BLOWS AND COLUMNS |
US5508195A (en) * | 1992-06-25 | 1996-04-16 | Rohm Gmbh | Method for liming hides and skins |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0197918B1 (en) | 1987-11-25 |
AT381952B (en) | 1986-12-29 |
DE3660009D1 (en) | 1988-01-07 |
ATA100585A (en) | 1986-05-15 |
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