EP0464078A1 - Deformable chassis-bogie and process and spare parts assembly for improving same - Google Patents

Deformable chassis-bogie and process and spare parts assembly for improving same

Info

Publication number
EP0464078A1
EP0464078A1 EP90904859A EP90904859A EP0464078A1 EP 0464078 A1 EP0464078 A1 EP 0464078A1 EP 90904859 A EP90904859 A EP 90904859A EP 90904859 A EP90904859 A EP 90904859A EP 0464078 A1 EP0464078 A1 EP 0464078A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
longitudinal
faces
friction
face
transverse
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP90904859A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jean Lienard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Usines Et Acieries De Sambre Et Meuse SA
Original Assignee
Usines Et Acieries De Sambre Et Meuse SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Usines Et Acieries De Sambre Et Meuse SA filed Critical Usines Et Acieries De Sambre Et Meuse SA
Publication of EP0464078A1 publication Critical patent/EP0464078A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/02—Arrangements permitting limited transverse relative movements between vehicle underframe or bolster and bogie; Connections between underframes and bogies
    • B61F5/04—Bolster supports or mountings
    • B61F5/12—Bolster supports or mountings incorporating dampers
    • B61F5/122—Bolster supports or mountings incorporating dampers with friction surfaces

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a bogie with a deformable chassis.
  • the present invention also relates to a method for improving a bogie with a deformable chassis, as well as a set of spare parts for implementing the method.
  • Such bogies generally include two beams between which extend at least two axles on which the beams are supported, and at least one cross member which receives the weight of the vehicle supported by the bogie.
  • the crosspiece is supported by each of its ends on one of the side members.
  • each end of the cross member is connected to the associated beam by a deformable link.
  • the ends of the axles can have a certain freedom of movement relative to the side members.
  • the end of the crosspiece is engaged in a casing formed in the spar, and rests on a lower face of the casing by means of compression springs.
  • wedges pushed by springs are interposed between the front and rear side faces of the ends of crosspiece and the corresponding side faces of the cages.
  • the cross member, on which the load rests, has moreover a play in the direction of its length compared to the side members, and this play allows lateral movements of the load and produces on the side members side shocks which tend to destabilize the bogie. All of these games get worse with wear.
  • FR - A - 2 453 765 and US - A - 4 244 298 and 4 574 708 describe devices with wedges guided between two opposite vertical faces and pressed against a double slope face, that is to say a face which is oblique when viewed in elevation and when viewed from above. This is intended to stabilize the corners to avoid their tilting movements which correspond to pivoting movements of the crosspiece in a horizontal plane relative to the side members. Not only do these known arrangements only achieve a very imperfect result, but they do not prevent the cross member to move parallel to its length with respect to the side members, at least between certain limits.
  • the cross-member of the bogie according to US-A-2 853 958 comprises at each end on its two opposite vertical faces two V-shaped notches, one of the faces of which is fixed and the other defined by a wedge arranged obliquely.
  • the opposite vertical sides of the casing of each spar have a V-shaped profile complementary to that of each notch.
  • Each corner rests on one of the faces of the V-shaped profile and thus urges the other face of the V-shaped profile against the fixed face of the corresponding notch.
  • the fixed faces of the V-shaped notches constitute reference faces from which the spar can only deviate if the force threshold defined by the springs biasing the corners is overcome.
  • the object of the invention is to increase the speed and force threshold from which the bogie is likely to deform unfavorably and to destabilize.
  • the invention thus relates, according to a first of its aspects, to a bogie comprising two longitudinal elements such as spars between which extend axles and at least one transverse element such as a cross member, the transverse element forming at each of its ends with one of the longitudinal elements and with a corner a deformable connection in which: - A lateral reference face of the longitudinal element is in lateral support with the possibility of friction in the vertical direction against a conjugate reference face of the transverse element, these reference faces being transverse to the longitudinal direction of the transverse element;
  • an oblique face of the corner bears against a corresponding oblique face of the one of the longitudinal and transverse elements of the connection, so as to generate on the one hand a friction bearing between vertical friction faces belonging to the corner and respectively to the other of the longitudinal and transverse elements, and on the other hand, by reaction , the aforementioned lateral support between the reference faces, which friction faces and reference faces are in vertical relative movement in the event of vertical relative movement between the longitudinal element and the transverse element of the connection.
  • the bogie is characterized in that there are two friction faces on the corner and two on said other element, these friction faces being arranged in a dihedral with a substantially vertical edge comprising a side transverse to the median plane and one side substantially parallel to the median plane.
  • the wedge By its dihedral friction faces, the wedge positions itself in relation to said other element comprising complementary dihedral faces. There is therefore no longer any need to guide the corner in a slide.
  • these dihedral faces unlike the oblique face of US-A-2 853 958, no longer create a cam effect between the longitudinal and transverse elements.
  • the side of the dihedral which is parallel to the median plane transmits a force which applies the reference face of the longitudinal element against the reference face of the transverse element.
  • the method for improving a bogie comprising two longitudinal elements such as beams between which extend axles and at least one transverse element such as a cross member, the transverse element forming at each of its ends with one of the longitudinal elements and with a corner a deformable connection in which, under the action of elastic means, an oblique face of the corner bears against a corresponding oblique face of the transverse element of the connection, so as to generate a friction bearing between vertical friction faces of the corner and of the longitudinal element, is characterized in that:
  • transverse element is replaced by a transverse element having for each connection a vertical transverse reference face provided with a friction lining and an oblique face whose line of greatest slope is located in a vertical plane forming an angle with the median longitudinal plane of the device;
  • the corners are replaced by corners having two dihedral friction faces and an oblique face whose line of greatest slope extends in a vertical plane which is oblique with respect to the two friction faces;
  • Friction linings are placed on each side of the longitudinal element along a vertical side of an enclosure intended to receive the end of the crosspiece.
  • the set of spare parts for putting the process into service is characterized in that it comprises:
  • a transverse element having on at least one side of each end a vertical transverse reference face provided with a friction lining in an oblique face whose line of greatest slope is arranged in an oblique vertical plane;
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a bogie according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a top view of the deformable connections between one end of the cross member and one of the side members, in section along the plane II-II of Figure 3;
  • FIG. 3 is a sectional view along line III-III of Figure 2, the beam being however cut along the line IlIa-IIIa of Figure 2;
  • - Figure 4 is a view along arrow IV of Figure 2, with however partial section of one of the corners along the line IVa-IVa of Figure 2;
  • - Figure 5 is a sectional view along the line V-V of Figure 2;
  • - Figure 6 is a view similar to Figure 2 but illustrating a situation of misalignment of the cross member relative to the beam;
  • - Figure 7 is a schematic view of a pre-existing bogie and a set of spare parts allowing the improvement method according to the invention to be applied to this bogie;
  • - Figure 8 is an axial sectional view of an axle-spar connection
  • - Figure 9 is a front view of this link
  • FIG. 10 is a sectional view along X-X of Figure 9.
  • the bogie comprises a chassis comprising two lateral beams 1 whose general longitudinal direction is, at rest, parallel to the rails 2 and to a median vertical longitudinal plane PP of the bogie, located at mid-distance between the rails 2.
  • a chassis comprising two lateral beams 1 whose general longitudinal direction is, at rest, parallel to the rails 2 and to a median vertical longitudinal plane PP of the bogie, located at mid-distance between the rails 2.
  • the two longitudinal members 1 are supported by two axles 3 whose axis 4 is perpendicular to the plane PP.
  • the axles 3 are arranged symmetrically on either side of a median vertical transverse plane TT of the bogie. Between the side members 1, each axle 3 carries two wheels 6. Beyond each wheel 6, the axles 3 have an axial extension supported by a bearing 7 on which the side member rests by means of a cap 31 which is simply placed on the bearing 7.
  • each spar 1 has an opening or casing 8, of generally rectangular shape, in which is engaged one of the ends 9 of a cross member 11 which is parallel to the axles 3 when the bogie is at rest, and whose median vertical plane is the median vertical transverse plane TT of the bogie.
  • the cross member 11 is therefore located midway between the axles 3.
  • the cross member 11 has on its upper face an articulation 12 of axis vertical (which is only shown schematically) for the articulation to the chassis of a wagon supported by the bogie.
  • the cross member 11 On either side of the articulation 12, the cross member 11 has support plates 13 which support the weight of the wagon in a sliding manner.
  • the weight of the wagon is transmitted to the longitudinal members 1 by each end of the cross-member 9 which is supported on a lower face 14 of the corresponding fitting 8 by means of suspension springs 16, 17.
  • each of the two corners 18 is slidably supported by an oblique face 18b (FIG. 5) against an oblique face of corresponding slope 9a from the end 9 of the cross member 11, and by a first face friction 18c (see right part of FIG. 4) against a first corresponding friction face 8a of the fitting 8.
  • the oblique faces 9a of the cross-member are arranged laterally on the end of the cross-member 9 and converge downwards. They are defined by sliding linings 19.
  • the first friction faces 18c, 8a are perpendicular to the direction of travel of the bogie (direction of the rails 2). They are defined by friction linings 21, integral with the corners 18, and respectively 22 integral with the spar 1.
  • the linings 22 are fixed against opposite lateral faces, substantially vertical of the fitting 8. As shown in FIG. 4, the arrangement is symmetrical on either side of the transverse vertical plane TT median and, for the convenience of the presentation, it is considered that each end of cross member 9 is connected to the longitudinal member 1 associated by two deformable links located on either side of the TT plane and each comprising in particular one of the corners 18.
  • connections are qualified as deformable because they allow the end 9 of the cross member to move vertically in the housing 8 by friction of the first friction faces 18c and 8a.
  • This friction intended to dampen the oscillations of the cross-member 9 in the casing 8, results from the thrust that the springs 17 exert upwards on the corners 18.
  • the support sliding between the oblique faces 18b of the corner 18 and 9a of the lining 19 transforms this thrust of the springs 17 into a horizontal thrust P L directed in the longitudinal direction of the longitudinal members 1.
  • the thrust P ⁇ applies the first friction face 18c of each corner 18 against the first friction face 8a associated with 1 ' casing 8.
  • the movements of the cross member 11 relative to the beam 1 can be vertical translational movements, rotational movements about a horizontal axis parallel to the direction of advance, or a combination of these two movements.
  • the deformable link also allows the cross member to pivot about a transverse horizontal axis such as the axis A ( Figure 4). This is necessary so that the side members can orient themselves independently of each other in their respective vertical plane.
  • the support between the oblique faces 9a and 18b of the cross member and of the corners 18 respectively changes slightly. The disadvantages which could result therefrom are minimized by the slightly domed shape of the oblique face 18b of the corners 18, as shown in FIG. 2.
  • the cross-member end 9 has a longitudinal positioning face 9b, the role of which will be explained below, which is situated opposite the lining 22 and has a small clearance relative to the latter.
  • the face 9b is located between a shoulder 9c for connection with the oblique face 9a, and a reference face 9d which is parallel to the median longitudinal plane PP of the bogie and which is carried by an ear 9e of the cross-member.
  • the face 9d is defined by a friction lining 23 and it is intended to be in rubbing contact with a reference face la defined by a friction lining 24 fixed against an inner face of the spar 1 along the inner vertical edge of 1 ' casing 8. Furthermore, as shown in FIG.
  • the vertical plane containing the line L of greatest slope of the oblique faces 18b, 9a of the corner 18 and respectively of the cross-member 9 forms an angle B with the median vertical longitudinal plane PP bogie.
  • this angle is displayed with respect to a plane PP1, parallel to the plane PP, in order to reduce the size of the figure.
  • Each angle B is oriented in such a way that the faces 9a and 18b converge with the plane TT towards the inside of the bogie when the latter is seen from above (FIG. 2).
  • the horizontal thrust P H undergone by each corner 18 as a result of the mutual support sliding between the oblique faces 9a and 18b is in the vertical plane containing said line of greatest slope L and thus has two components, namely the component P- ⁇ abovementioned support of the friction face 18c against the friction face 8a and a component Pr directed horizontally towards the plane PP and causing a friction support between two second friction faces 18d and 1b belonging respectively to the corner 18 and to the spar 1.
  • the faces 18d and 1b are parallel to the median longitudinal plane PP of the bogie.
  • the friction face lb is defined by a friction lining 26 fixed against the outer face of the spar 1 along an outer vertical edge of the housing 18.
  • the faces 1a and 1b are therefore opposite one another and situated on either side of the friction face 8a, along the corresponding vertical side of the fitting 8.
  • the face 18d is defined by a friction lining 27 fixed to the corner 18.
  • the friction faces 18c and 18d of the corner 18 substantially form an orthogonal dihedral concave with vertical edge.
  • the vertical plane containing the line of greatest slope L is therefore parallel to the edge of the dihedral and forms an angle with the two faces of the dihedral.
  • the component P ⁇ of the thrust P H thus urges the beam 1 to bear against its reference face against the reference face 9d of the cross member 11.
  • each corner 18 functions like the movable jaw of a clamp which would clamp the spar 1 against the fixed jaw formed by the ear 9e and more particularly by the reference face 9d of the latter.
  • the two reference faces 9d of the cross member 11 are coplanar and the two reference faces 1a of the beam 1 are also coplanar. At rest, these four faces are therefore in the same plane PP2 (FIG. 2), and this plane is parallel to the plane PP. The longitudinal direction of the cross member is then perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the beam.
  • Each lug 9e is terminated by an abutment face 9f which cooperates with an abutment shoulder the that each spar 1 has beyond the reference face la.
  • the face 9f and the shoulder are substantially parallel to the median transverse plane TT of the bogie.
  • One or the other of these faces may, however, have in section in a plane parallel to the plane PP, a slightly convex profile to allow relative rotation of the spar-cross member around the axis A (FIG. 4).
  • any rotation of the cross member 11 in the horizontal plane relative to a spar 1 necessarily has an adjacent vertical axis as its axis of the plane PP 2 represented in FIG. 2.
  • the situation in the event of such a rotation is represented in FIG. 6.
  • One of the pairs of reference surfaces 1a, 9d is in a state of detachment which has forced the corner 18 associated with sinking by compression of the associated spring 17 (not shown in FIG. 6).
  • each spar is prevented by the stops le - 9f from having a translational movement parallel to the direction of travel relative to the cross member 11.
  • stability forces oppose the pivoting of each beam 1 relative to the cross member around a vertical axis.
  • the beams 1 are permanently recalled to a relative position in which none of them is ahead or behind the other. In this way, the risks that the axles take undesirable orientations in the horizontal plane are minimized.
  • the thrusts directed along the length of the crosspiece which tend to take off the reference faces la and 9d of the beam and respectively of the crosspiece are damped by the additional compression of the springs 17 placed under each corner, due to the inclination according to the lines L of the faces 18b and 9a of the corners and respectively of the crosspiece.
  • the structure according to the invention does not prevent the axles from taking, if the deformable axle-spar connections allow it, converging orientations for the entry into a curve under the effect of the specific forces exerted on the axles in this case , as is well known. As shown in FIG.
  • the method according to the invention is applicable to a known bogie, such as example as that described in US-A-4 084 514, initially comprising longitudinal members 1 with casing 8 of generally rectangular shape, the axles 3 which have been described previously, and a cross member 111 comprising on each vertical side of each of its ends a housing 112.
  • the bottom of the housing 112 is constituted by a sloping face 113 whose line of greatest slope is parallel to the plane PP.
  • these housings are slidingly guided corners 118 having to rub on the spar only one support face transverse to the direction of the rails 2 and resting on a corresponding vertical face of 1 * housing 8.
  • a such a bogie has only poor stability because the side members are not recalled to any precise position relative to the cross-member.
  • each spar 1 rests on the support piece 31 by means of a shoe 33 relative to which the spar has a good coefficient of friction.
  • the shoe 33 is fixed to the support piece by screws 34.
  • the support piece 31 comprises vertical lateral grooves 36 (FIG. 10) receiving corresponding bosses 37 of the spar 1. It is provided between the bosses 37 and the grooves 36 a set 2J parallel to axis 4, allowing an axial movement of the axle relative to the spar, this movement, of the order of a few cm, being relatively free thanks to the sliding pad 33. It has been found that thus the axles do not transmit more lateral destabilizing forces to the side rails, which further increases the speed of movement.
  • this feature can be achieved in a very simple manner since it suffices to widen the initial grooves 136 (in dashed line in FIG. 10) and to add the sliding pads 33 on the upper face of the supporting parts.
  • the invention is not limited to the examples described and shown.
  • the elastic means which stress the corners such as 18 could be supported on the cross member instead of being supported on the spar, so as to have an action independent of the state of compression of the suspension springs.
  • the oblique faces of the corner can cooperate with oblique faces of the beam, the first and second friction faces then being carried by the corner and the crosspiece.
  • the angle B between the vertical plane containing the line of greatest slope L and the median vertical longitudinal plane such as PP must of course be oriented so that this results in a mutual bearing force between the reference faces such that la and 9d.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)
  • Handcart (AREA)
  • Automobile Manufacture Line, Endless Track Vehicle, Trailer (AREA)

Abstract

Chaque longeron (1) présente une ouverture (8) dans laquelle chaque extrémité (9) de traverse (11) s'appuie sur le longeron par des ressorts de suspension (16). Deux coins (18), eux-mêmes soutenus par des ressorts (17) et appuyés par une face oblique (18b) contre une face oblique (9a) de la traverse, prennent de ce fait un appui frottant contre une face (8a) du longeron (1) de manière à amortir les oscillations de suspension. La ligne de plus grande pente (L) des faces obliques (9a, 18b) forme un angle (B) avec le plan longitudinal médian (PP) du bogie. De la sorte, la poussée horizontale (PH) subie par le coin comprend une composante (PT) qui est utilisée pour pincer le longeron (1) entre une face mobile (18d) solidaire du coin (18) et une face de référence (9a) de la traverse (11). Utilisation pour stabiliser le bogie en combattant les déplacements longitudinaux des longerons l'un par rapport à l'autre.Each side member (1) has an opening (8) in which each end (9) of the cross member (11) rests on the side member by suspension springs (16). Two wedges (18), themselves supported by springs (17) and supported by an oblique face (18b) against an oblique face (9a) of the cross member, thereby take a bearing rubbing against a face (8a) of the side member (1) so as to damp the suspension oscillations. The line of greatest slope (L) of the oblique faces (9a, 18b) forms an angle (B) with the median longitudinal plane (PP) of the bogie. In this way, the horizontal thrust (PH) undergone by the wedge comprises a component (PT) which is used to clamp the spar (1) between a movable face (18d) integral with the wedge (18) and a reference face (9a ) of the cross member (11). Use to stabilize the bogie by preventing the longitudinal movements of the side members relative to each other.

Description

"Bogie à châssis déformable, et procédé et ensemble de pièces de rechange pour améliorer un tel bogie" "Bogie with deformable chassis, and method and set of spare parts for improving such a bogie"
La présente invention concerne un bogie à châssis déformable.The present invention relates to a bogie with a deformable chassis.
La présente invention concerne également un procédé pour améliorer un bogie à châssis déformable, ainsi qu'un ensemble de pièces de rechange pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé.The present invention also relates to a method for improving a bogie with a deformable chassis, as well as a set of spare parts for implementing the method.
De tels bogies comprennent en général deux longerons entre lesquels s'étendent au moins deux essieux sur lesquels s'appuient les longerons, et au moins une traverse qui reçoit le poids du véhicule supporté par le bogie. La traverse s'appuie par chacune de ses extrémités sur l'un des longerons.Such bogies generally include two beams between which extend at least two axles on which the beams are supported, and at least one cross member which receives the weight of the vehicle supported by the bogie. The crosspiece is supported by each of its ends on one of the side members.
Dans les unités ferroviaires à châssis déformable, les deux longerons peuvent se déplacer indépendamment l'un de l'autre, en particulier dans le plan vertical. Ceci permet aux bogies de circuler sur des voies en très mauvais état sans que le châssis subisse des contraintes excessives et sans que les roues risquent de perdre le contact avec la voie ferrée. Pour permettre ces déplacements relatifs entre les deux longerons, chaque extrémité de la traverse est reliée au longeron associé par une liaison déformable. De plus, les extrémités des essieux peuvent avoir une certaine liberté de mouvement par rapport aux longerons. On connaît d'après les US - A - 2 352 696,In rail units with a deformable chassis, the two beams can move independently of each other, in particular in the vertical plane. This allows the bogies to travel on tracks in very poor condition without the chassis being subjected to excessive stresses and without the wheels risking losing contact with the railway. To allow these relative displacements between the two beams, each end of the cross member is connected to the associated beam by a deformable link. In addition, the ends of the axles can have a certain freedom of movement relative to the side members. We know from US - A - 2,352,696,
2 723 630, 3 079 873, 3 254 613, 3 261 305, 3 450 063 et 4 084 514 une disposition dans laquelle les longerons font partie des masses non suspendues, c'est-à-dire que le dispositif élastique de suspension est interposé entre chaque extrémité de traverse et le longeron associé.2 723 630, 3 079 873, 3 254 613, 3 261 305, 3 450 063 and 4 084 514 a provision in which the side members are part of the unsprung masses, that is to say that the elastic suspension device is interposed between each end of the cross member and the associated spar.
L'extrémité de traverse est engagée dans un encagement formé dans le longeron, et repose sur une face inférieure de l'encagement par l'intermédiaire de ressorts de compression. Pour amortir les oscillations verticales, des coins poussés par des ressorts sont interposés entre les faces latérales avant et arrière des extrémités de traverse et les faces latérales correspondantes des encagements. Lorsque l'extrémité de traverse oscille verticalement dans 1'encagement, le coin avant et le coin arrière associés à cette extrémité oscillent avec elle et frottent contre les faces latérales précitées deThe end of the crosspiece is engaged in a casing formed in the spar, and rests on a lower face of the casing by means of compression springs. To absorb vertical oscillations, wedges pushed by springs are interposed between the front and rear side faces of the ends of crosspiece and the corresponding side faces of the cages. When the cross-member end oscillates vertically in the casing, the front corner and the rear corner associated with this end oscillate with it and rub against the aforementioned lateral faces of
1'encagement, sensiblement transversales à la direction de marche, ce qui produit un amortissement.1'encagement, substantially transverse to the direction of travel, which produces a damping.
Dans les bogies de ce type, il est impossible d'empêcher complètement la traverse de pivoter dans le plan horizontal par rapport aux longerons, de sorte que les longerons ne sont pas empêchés d'avoir certains mouvements longitudinaux l'un par rapport à l'autre. Par conséquent, en circulation en ligne droite, les essieux ne sont pas maintenus rigoureusement perpendiculaires à la direction de circulation. Ceci est un grave problème qui aboutit à limiter la vitesse de circulation de ce type de matériel. Au-delà de la vitesse limite, il y a risque d'apparition d'un mouvement de lacet, susceptible de s'amplifier de manière incontrôlable et de provoquer un déraillement. La traverse, sur laquelle s'appuie la charge, a en outre un jeu dans le sens de sa longueur par rapport aux longerons, et ce jeu permet des mouvements latéraux de la charge et produit sur les longerons des chocs latéraux qui tendent à déstabiliser le bogie. Tous ces jeux s'aggravent avec l'usure.In bogies of this type, it is impossible to completely prevent the cross member from pivoting in the horizontal plane with respect to the side members, so that the side members are not prevented from having certain longitudinal movements relative to the other. Consequently, when traveling in a straight line, the axles are not kept strictly perpendicular to the direction of travel. This is a serious problem which results in limiting the speed of circulation of this type of material. Beyond the speed limit, there is a risk of the appearance of a yaw movement, which can increase uncontrollably and cause a derailment. The cross member, on which the load rests, has moreover a play in the direction of its length compared to the side members, and this play allows lateral movements of the load and produces on the side members side shocks which tend to destabilize the bogie. All of these games get worse with wear.
Le FR - A - 2 453 765 et les US - A - 4 244 298 et 4 574 708 décrivent des dispositifs avec coins guidés entre deux faces verticales opposées et appuyés contre une face à double pente, c'est-à-dire une face qui est oblique lorsqu'elle est vue en élévation et lorsqu'elle est vue de dessus. Ceci a pour but de stabiliser les coins pour éviter leurs mouvements de basculement qui correspondent à des mouvements de pivotement de la traverse dans un plan horizontal par rapport aux longerons. Non seulement ces dispositions connues ne parviennent que très imparfaitement au résultat, mais elles n'empêchent pas la traverse de se déplacer parallèlement à sa longueur par rapport aux longerons, au moins entre certaines limites.FR - A - 2 453 765 and US - A - 4 244 298 and 4 574 708 describe devices with wedges guided between two opposite vertical faces and pressed against a double slope face, that is to say a face which is oblique when viewed in elevation and when viewed from above. This is intended to stabilize the corners to avoid their tilting movements which correspond to pivoting movements of the crosspiece in a horizontal plane relative to the side members. Not only do these known arrangements only achieve a very imperfect result, but they do not prevent the cross member to move parallel to its length with respect to the side members, at least between certain limits.
La traverse du bogie selon le US-A- 2 853 958 comprend à chaque extrémité sur ses deux faces verticales opposées deux encoches en forme de V dont l'une des faces est fixe et l'autre définie par un coin disposé obliquement. Les côtés verticaux opposés de l'encagement de chaque longeron ont un profil en V complémentaire de celui de chaque encoche. Chaque coin s'appuie sur 1'une des faces du profil en V et sollicite ainsi l'autre face du profil en V contre la face fixe de l'encoche correspondante. Ainsi, les faces fixes des encoches en V constituent des faces de référence dont le longeron ne peut s'écarter qu'à condition de vaincre le seuil d'effort défini par les ressorts sollicitant les coins. Toutefois, les efforts longitudinaux s'exerçant sur le longeron sont transmis à la traverse par l'intermédiaire des faces du profil en V, donc avec un effet de came qui tend à déstabiliser le bogie. En outre, les coins doivent être guidés dans des glissières de la traverse, où ils risquent de subir des frottements. Enfin le longeron de ce document, avec ses côtés en V, ne correspond pas aux standards actuels, ce qui complique beaucoup la mise en service de cet ensemble. Le but de l'invention est d'augmenter le seuil de vitesse et d'efforts à partir desquels le bogie est susceptible de se déformer de manière défavorable et de se déstabiliser.The cross-member of the bogie according to US-A-2 853 958 comprises at each end on its two opposite vertical faces two V-shaped notches, one of the faces of which is fixed and the other defined by a wedge arranged obliquely. The opposite vertical sides of the casing of each spar have a V-shaped profile complementary to that of each notch. Each corner rests on one of the faces of the V-shaped profile and thus urges the other face of the V-shaped profile against the fixed face of the corresponding notch. Thus, the fixed faces of the V-shaped notches constitute reference faces from which the spar can only deviate if the force threshold defined by the springs biasing the corners is overcome. However, the longitudinal forces exerted on the spar are transmitted to the crossmember via the faces of the V-profile, therefore with a cam effect which tends to destabilize the bogie. In addition, the corners must be guided in rails of the crosspiece, where they may be subject to friction. Finally the spar of this document, with its V-shaped sides, does not correspond to current standards, which greatly complicates the commissioning of this assembly. The object of the invention is to increase the speed and force threshold from which the bogie is likely to deform unfavorably and to destabilize.
L'invention vise ainsi, suivant un premier de ses aspects, un bogie comprenant deux éléments longitudinaux tels que des longerons entre lesquels s'étendent des essieux et au moins un élément transversal tel qu'une traverse, l'élément transversal formant à chacune de ses extrémités avec l'un des éléments longitudinaux et avec un coin une liaison déformable dans laquelle : - une face de référence latérale de l'élément longitudinal est en appui latéral avec possibilité de frottement en direction verticale contre une face de référence conjuguée de l'élément transversal, ces faces de référence étant transversales à la direction longitudinale de l'élément transversal ;The invention thus relates, according to a first of its aspects, to a bogie comprising two longitudinal elements such as spars between which extend axles and at least one transverse element such as a cross member, the transverse element forming at each of its ends with one of the longitudinal elements and with a corner a deformable connection in which: - A lateral reference face of the longitudinal element is in lateral support with the possibility of friction in the vertical direction against a conjugate reference face of the transverse element, these reference faces being transverse to the longitudinal direction of the transverse element;
- sous l'action de moyens élastiques, une face oblique du coin, dont la ligne de plus grande pente est située dans un plan vertical formant un angle avec un plan longitudinal médian du bogie, s'appuie contre une face oblique correspondante de l'un des éléments longitudinal et transversal de la liaison, de façon à engendrer d'une part un appui frottant entre des faces de friction verticales appartenant au coin et respectivement à 1'autre des éléments longitudinal et transversal, et d'autre part, par réaction, l'appui latéral précité entre les faces de référence, lesquelles faces de friction et faces de référence sont en mouvement relatif vertical en cas de mouvement relatif vertical entre l'élément longitudinal et l'élément transversal de la liaison.- under the action of elastic means, an oblique face of the corner, the line of greatest slope of which is situated in a vertical plane forming an angle with a median longitudinal plane of the bogie, bears against a corresponding oblique face of the one of the longitudinal and transverse elements of the connection, so as to generate on the one hand a friction bearing between vertical friction faces belonging to the corner and respectively to the other of the longitudinal and transverse elements, and on the other hand, by reaction , the aforementioned lateral support between the reference faces, which friction faces and reference faces are in vertical relative movement in the event of vertical relative movement between the longitudinal element and the transverse element of the connection.
Suivant le premier aspect de l'invention, le bogie est caractérisé en ce que les faces de friction sont au nombre de deux sur le coin et deux sur ledit autre élément, ces faces de friction étant disposées selon un dièdre à arête sensiblement verticale comprenant un côté transversal au plan médian et un côté sensiblement parallèle au plan médian.According to the first aspect of the invention, the bogie is characterized in that there are two friction faces on the corner and two on said other element, these friction faces being arranged in a dihedral with a substantially vertical edge comprising a side transverse to the median plane and one side substantially parallel to the median plane.
Par ses faces de friction en dièdre, le coin se positionne de lui-même par rapport audit autre élément comportant des faces complémentaires en dièdre. Il n'y a donc plus besoin de guider le coin dans une glissière. De plus, ces faces en dièdre, contrairement à la face oblique du US-A- 2 853 958, ne créent plus d'effet de came entre les éléments longitudinal et transversal. Le côté du dièdre qui est parallèle au plan médian transmet une force qui applique la face de référence de l'élément longitudinal contre la face de référence de l'élément transversal. Suivant un deuxième aspect de l'invention, le procédé pour améliorer un bogie comprenant deux éléments longitudinaux tels que des longerons entre lesquels s'étendent des essieux et au moins un élément transversal tel qu'une traverse, l'élément transversal formant à chacune de ses extrémités avec l'un des éléments longitudinaux et avec un coin une liaison déformable dans laquelle, sous l'action de moyens élastiques, une face oblique du coin s'appuie contre une face oblique correspondante de l'élément transversal de la liaison, de façon à engendrer un appui frottant entre des faces de friction verticales du coin et de l'élément longitudinal, est caractérisé en ce que :By its dihedral friction faces, the wedge positions itself in relation to said other element comprising complementary dihedral faces. There is therefore no longer any need to guide the corner in a slide. In addition, these dihedral faces, unlike the oblique face of US-A-2 853 958, no longer create a cam effect between the longitudinal and transverse elements. The side of the dihedral which is parallel to the median plane transmits a force which applies the reference face of the longitudinal element against the reference face of the transverse element. According to a second aspect of the invention, the method for improving a bogie comprising two longitudinal elements such as beams between which extend axles and at least one transverse element such as a cross member, the transverse element forming at each of its ends with one of the longitudinal elements and with a corner a deformable connection in which, under the action of elastic means, an oblique face of the corner bears against a corresponding oblique face of the transverse element of the connection, so as to generate a friction bearing between vertical friction faces of the corner and of the longitudinal element, is characterized in that:
- on remplace 1'élément transversal par un élément transversal ayant pour chaque liaison une face de référence transversale verticale munie d'une garniture de friction et une face oblique dont la ligne de plus grande pente est située dans un plan vertical formant un angle avec le plan longitudinal médian du dispositif ;- The transverse element is replaced by a transverse element having for each connection a vertical transverse reference face provided with a friction lining and an oblique face whose line of greatest slope is located in a vertical plane forming an angle with the median longitudinal plane of the device;
- on remplace les coins par des coins ayant deux faces de friction en dièdre et une face oblique dont la ligne de plus grande pente s'étend dans un plan vertical qui est oblique par rapport aux deux faces de friction ; et- The corners are replaced by corners having two dihedral friction faces and an oblique face whose line of greatest slope extends in a vertical plane which is oblique with respect to the two friction faces; and
- on place des garnitures de friction de chaque côté de l'élément longitudinal le long d'un côté vertical d'un encagement destiné à recevoir l'extrémité de traverse.- Friction linings are placed on each side of the longitudinal element along a vertical side of an enclosure intended to receive the end of the crosspiece.
L'invention peut ainsi être appliquée à un bogie existant en ne remplaçant sur celui-ci qu'un nombre minime de pièces (correspondant à environ 15 % de la valeur d'un bogie neuf) . Suivant un troisième aspect de l'invention, l'ensemble de pièces de rechange pour la mise en service du procédé est caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend :The invention can thus be applied to an existing bogie by replacing thereon only a minimal number of parts (corresponding to approximately 15% of the value of a new bogie). According to a third aspect of the invention, the set of spare parts for putting the process into service is characterized in that it comprises:
- un élément transversal ayant sur au moins un côté de chaque extrémité une face de référence transversale verticale munie d'une garniture de friction en une face oblique dont la ligne de plus grande pente est disposée dans un plan vertical oblique ; et- A transverse element having on at least one side of each end a vertical transverse reference face provided with a friction lining in an oblique face whose line of greatest slope is arranged in an oblique vertical plane; and
- des coins ayant deux faces de friction en dièdre et une face oblique dont la ligne de plus grande pente est située dans un plan parallèle à 1'arête du dièdre et formant un angle avec les deux faces de friction.- Corners having two dihedral friction faces and an oblique face whose line of greatest slope is situated in a plane parallel to the edge of the dihedral and forming an angle with the two friction faces.
D'autres particularités et avantages de l'invention ressortiront encore de la description ci- après.Other features and advantages of the invention will emerge from the description below.
Aux dessins annexés, donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs :In the appended drawings, given by way of nonlimiting examples:
- la figure 1 est une vue schématique en perspective d'un bogie selon l'invention ;- Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of a bogie according to the invention;
- la figure 2 est une vue de dessus des liaisons déformables entre une extrémité de traverse et l'un des longerons, en coupe selon le plan II-II de la figure 3 ;- Figure 2 is a top view of the deformable connections between one end of the cross member and one of the side members, in section along the plane II-II of Figure 3;
- la figure 3 est une vue en coupe selon la ligne III-III de la figure 2, le longeron étant toutefois coupé selon la ligne IlIa-IIIa de la figure 2 ;- Figure 3 is a sectional view along line III-III of Figure 2, the beam being however cut along the line IlIa-IIIa of Figure 2;
- la figure 4 est une vue selon la flèche IV de la figure 2, avec toutefois coupe partielle de l'un des coins selon la ligne IVa-IVa d la figure 2 ; - la figure 5 est une vue en coupe selon la ligne V-V de la figure 2 ;- Figure 4 is a view along arrow IV of Figure 2, with however partial section of one of the corners along the line IVa-IVa of Figure 2; - Figure 5 is a sectional view along the line V-V of Figure 2;
- la figure 6 est une vue analogue à la figure 2 mais illustrant une situation de désalignement de la traverse par rapport au longeron ; - la figure 7 est une vue schématique d'un bogie préexistant et d'un ensemble de pièces de rechange permettant d'appliquer à ce bogie le procédé d'amélioration selon l'invention ;- Figure 6 is a view similar to Figure 2 but illustrating a situation of misalignment of the cross member relative to the beam; - Figure 7 is a schematic view of a pre-existing bogie and a set of spare parts allowing the improvement method according to the invention to be applied to this bogie;
- la figure 8 est une vue en coupe axiale d'une liaison essieu-longeron ; - la figure 9 est une vue de face de cette liaison ; et- Figure 8 is an axial sectional view of an axle-spar connection; - Figure 9 is a front view of this link; and
- la figure 10 est une vue en coupe selon X-X de la figure 9.- Figure 10 is a sectional view along X-X of Figure 9.
Dans l'exemple représenté à la figure 1, le bogie comprend un châssis comprenant deux longerons latéraux 1 dont la direction longitudinale générale est, au repos, parallèle aux rails 2 et à un plan longitudinal vertical médian PP du bogie, situé à mi-distance entre les rails 2. Dans la suite, on supposera que les deux rails 2 sont dans un même plan, et on qualifiera d'horizontal tout ce qui est parallèle au plan défini par les deux rails 2, et de vertical tout ce qui est perpendiculaire à ce plan.In the example shown in FIG. 1, the bogie comprises a chassis comprising two lateral beams 1 whose general longitudinal direction is, at rest, parallel to the rails 2 and to a median vertical longitudinal plane PP of the bogie, located at mid-distance between the rails 2. In the following, we will assume that the two rails 2 are in the same plane, and we will qualify as horizontal everything that is parallel to the plane defined by the two rails 2, and vertical everything that is perpendicular to this plane.
Les deux longerons 1 sont supportés par deux essieux 3 dont l'axe 4 est perpendiculaire au plan PP. Les essieux 3 sont disposés symétriquement de part et d'autre d'un plan transversal vertical médian TT du bogie. Entre les longerons 1, chaque essieu 3 porte deux roues 6. Au- delà de chaque roue 6, les essieux 3 ont un prolongement axial supporté par un palier 7 sur lequel le longeron repose par l'intermédiaire d'un chapeau 31 qui est simplement posé sur le palier 7.The two longitudinal members 1 are supported by two axles 3 whose axis 4 is perpendicular to the plane PP. The axles 3 are arranged symmetrically on either side of a median vertical transverse plane TT of the bogie. Between the side members 1, each axle 3 carries two wheels 6. Beyond each wheel 6, the axles 3 have an axial extension supported by a bearing 7 on which the side member rests by means of a cap 31 which is simply placed on the bearing 7.
Au milieu de sa longueur, chaque longeron 1 présente une ouverture ou encagement 8, de forme générale rectangulaire, dans lequel est engagée l'une des extrémités 9 d'une traverse 11 qui est parallèle aux essieux 3 lorsque le bogie est au repos, et qui a pour plan vertical médian le plan transversal vertical médian TT du bogie. La traverse 11 est donc située à mi-distance entre les essieux 3. Au milieu de sa longueur, la traverse 11 présente sur sa face supérieure une articulation 12 d'axe vertical (qui n'est représentée que de manière schématique) pour l'articulation au châssis d'un wagon supporté par le bogie. De part et d'autre de l'articulation 12, la traverse 11 présente des semelles d'appui 13 qui supportent de manière glissante le poids du wagon.In the middle of its length, each spar 1 has an opening or casing 8, of generally rectangular shape, in which is engaged one of the ends 9 of a cross member 11 which is parallel to the axles 3 when the bogie is at rest, and whose median vertical plane is the median vertical transverse plane TT of the bogie. The cross member 11 is therefore located midway between the axles 3. In the middle of its length, the cross member 11 has on its upper face an articulation 12 of axis vertical (which is only shown schematically) for the articulation to the chassis of a wagon supported by the bogie. On either side of the articulation 12, the cross member 11 has support plates 13 which support the weight of the wagon in a sliding manner.
Le poids du wagon est transmis aux longerons 1 par chaque extrémité de traverse 9 qui s'appuie sur une face inférieure 14 de l'encagement 8 correspondant par l'intermédiaire de ressorts de suspension 16, 17.The weight of the wagon is transmitted to the longitudinal members 1 by each end of the cross-member 9 which is supported on a lower face 14 of the corresponding fitting 8 by means of suspension springs 16, 17.
Les ressorts 16, qui dans l'exemple sont au nombre de six sous chaque extrémité de traverse (voir figure 2), s'appuient directement contre la face inférieure de l'extrémité de traverse. Les ressorts de suspension 17 sont au nombre de deux pour chaque extrémité de traverse. Chacun d'eux s'appuie contre la face inférieure 18a (figures 1 et 4) d'un coin 18 respectif. A chaque extrémité de traverse 9, chacun des deux coins 18 s'appuie de manière glissante par une face oblique 18b (figure 5) contre une face oblique de pente correspondante 9a de 1'extrémité 9 de la traverse 11, et par une première face de friction 18c (voir partie droite de la figure 4) contre une première face de friction correspondante 8a de l'encagement 8. Les faces obliques 9a de la traverse sont aménagées latéralement sur l'extrémité de traverse 9 et convergent vers le bas. Elles sont définies par des garnitures de glissement 19. Les premières faces de friction 18c, 8a sont perpendiculaires à la direction de marche du bogie (direction des rails 2) . Elles sont définies par des garnitures de friction 21, solidaires des coins 18, et respectivement 22 solidaires du longeron 1. Les garnitures 22 sont fixées contre des faces latérales opposées, sensiblement verticales de 1'encagement 8. Comme le montre la figure 4, la disposition est symétrique de part et d'autre du plan vertical transversal médian TT et, pour la commodité de l'exposé, on considère que chaque extrémité de traverse 9 est reliée au longeron 1 associé par deux liaisons déformables situées de part et d'autre du plan TT et comprenant chacune en particulier l'un des coins 18.The springs 16, which in the example are six in number under each end of the cross member (see FIG. 2), bear directly against the underside of the end of the cross member. There are two suspension springs 17 for each end of the crossmember. Each of them is pressed against the underside 18a (Figures 1 and 4) of a respective corner 18. At each end of cross member 9, each of the two corners 18 is slidably supported by an oblique face 18b (FIG. 5) against an oblique face of corresponding slope 9a from the end 9 of the cross member 11, and by a first face friction 18c (see right part of FIG. 4) against a first corresponding friction face 8a of the fitting 8. The oblique faces 9a of the cross-member are arranged laterally on the end of the cross-member 9 and converge downwards. They are defined by sliding linings 19. The first friction faces 18c, 8a are perpendicular to the direction of travel of the bogie (direction of the rails 2). They are defined by friction linings 21, integral with the corners 18, and respectively 22 integral with the spar 1. The linings 22 are fixed against opposite lateral faces, substantially vertical of the fitting 8. As shown in FIG. 4, the arrangement is symmetrical on either side of the transverse vertical plane TT median and, for the convenience of the presentation, it is considered that each end of cross member 9 is connected to the longitudinal member 1 associated by two deformable links located on either side of the TT plane and each comprising in particular one of the corners 18.
Ces liaisons sont qualifiées de déformables car elles permettent à l'extrémité 9 de la traverse de se déplacer verticalement dans 1'encagement 8 moyennant friction des premières faces de friction 18c et 8a. Cette friction, destinée à amortir les oscillations de la traverse 9 dans l'encagement 8, résulte de la poussée que les ressorts 17 exercent vers le haut sur les coins 18. L'appui glissant entre les faces obliques 18b du coin 18 et 9a de la garniture 19 transforme cette poussée des ressorts 17 en une poussée horizontale PL dirigée selon la direction longitudinale des longerons 1. La poussée P^ applique la première face de friction 18c de chaque coin 18 contre la première face de friction 8a associée de 1'encagement 8. Les mouvements de la traverse 11 par rapport au longeron 1 peuvent être des mouvements de translation verticale, des mouvements de rotation autour d'un axe horizontal parallèle à la direction d'avancement, ou encore une combinaison de ces deux mouvements. La liaison déformable permet également à la traverse de pivoter autour d'un axe horizontal transversal tel que l'axe A (figure 4) . Ceci est nécessaire pour que les longerons puissent s'orienter indépendamment l'un de l'autre dans leur plan vertical respectif. Lorsque la traverse 11 subit des rotations par rapport à l'un ou l'autre des longerons 1, l'appui entre les faces obliques 9a et 18b de la traverse et respectivement des coins 18 se modifie légèrement. Les inconvénients qui pourraient en résulter sont minimisés par la forme légèrement bombée de la face oblique 18b des coins 18, comme le montre la figure 2. En deçà de chaque face oblique 9a (figure 2), l'extrémité de traverse 9 présente une face de positionnement longitudinal 9b, dont le rôle sera explicité plus loin, qui est située face à la garniture 22 et présente un faible jeu par rapport à celle-ci. La face 9b est située entre un épaulement 9c de raccordement avec la face oblique 9a, et une face de référence 9d qui est parallèle au plan longitudinal médian PP du bogie et qui est portée par une oreille 9e de la traverse. La face 9d est définie par une garniture de friction 23 et elle est destinée à être en contact frottant avec une face de référence la définie par une garniture de friction 24 fixée contre une face intérieure du longeron 1 le long du bord vertical intérieur de 1'encagement 8. De plus, comme le montre la figure 2, le plan vertical contenant la ligne L de plus grande pente des faces obliques 18b, 9a du coin 18 et respectivement de la traverse 9 forme un angle B avec le plan longitudinal vertical médian PP du bogie. A la figure 2, cet angle est visualisé par rapport à un plan PP1, parallèle au plan PP, dans le but de réduire l'encombrement de la figure. Chaque angle B est orienté de telle manière que les faces 9a et 18b convergent avec le plan TT vers l'intérieur du bogie lorsque celui-ci est vu de dessus (figure 2) . Ainsi, la poussée horizontale PH subie par chaque coin 18 en conséquence de l'appui mutuel glissant entre les faces obliques 9a et 18b est dans le plan vertical contenant ladite ligne de plus grande pente L et a ainsi deux composantes, à savoir la composante P-^ précitée d'appui de la face de friction 18c contre la face de friction 8a et une composante Pr dirigée horizontalement vers le plan PP et provoquant un appui frottant entre deux secondes faces de friction 18d et 1b appartenant respectivement au coin 18 et au longeron 1. Les faces 18d et 1b sont parallèles au plan longitudinal médian PP du bogie. La face de friction lb est définie par une garniture de friction 26 fixée contre la face extérieure du longeron 1 le long d'un bord vertical extérieur de l'encagement 18. Les faces la et lb sont donc opposées l'une à l'autre et situées de part et d'autre de la face de friction 8a, le long du côté vertical correspondant de l'encagement 8. La face 18d est définie par une garniture de friction 27 fixée au coin 18. Les faces de friction 18c et 18d du coin 18 forment sensiblement un dièdre orthogonal concave à arête verticale. Le plan vertical contenant la ligne de plus grande pente L est donc parallèle à l'arête du dièdre et il forme un angle avec les deux faces du dièdre.These connections are qualified as deformable because they allow the end 9 of the cross member to move vertically in the housing 8 by friction of the first friction faces 18c and 8a. This friction, intended to dampen the oscillations of the cross-member 9 in the casing 8, results from the thrust that the springs 17 exert upwards on the corners 18. The support sliding between the oblique faces 18b of the corner 18 and 9a of the lining 19 transforms this thrust of the springs 17 into a horizontal thrust P L directed in the longitudinal direction of the longitudinal members 1. The thrust P ^ applies the first friction face 18c of each corner 18 against the first friction face 8a associated with 1 ' casing 8. The movements of the cross member 11 relative to the beam 1 can be vertical translational movements, rotational movements about a horizontal axis parallel to the direction of advance, or a combination of these two movements. The deformable link also allows the cross member to pivot about a transverse horizontal axis such as the axis A (Figure 4). This is necessary so that the side members can orient themselves independently of each other in their respective vertical plane. When the cross member 11 undergoes rotations relative to one or the other of the longitudinal members 1, the support between the oblique faces 9a and 18b of the cross member and of the corners 18 respectively changes slightly. The disadvantages which could result therefrom are minimized by the slightly domed shape of the oblique face 18b of the corners 18, as shown in FIG. 2. Below each oblique face 9a (FIG. 2), the cross-member end 9 has a longitudinal positioning face 9b, the role of which will be explained below, which is situated opposite the lining 22 and has a small clearance relative to the latter. The face 9b is located between a shoulder 9c for connection with the oblique face 9a, and a reference face 9d which is parallel to the median longitudinal plane PP of the bogie and which is carried by an ear 9e of the cross-member. The face 9d is defined by a friction lining 23 and it is intended to be in rubbing contact with a reference face la defined by a friction lining 24 fixed against an inner face of the spar 1 along the inner vertical edge of 1 ' casing 8. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 2, the vertical plane containing the line L of greatest slope of the oblique faces 18b, 9a of the corner 18 and respectively of the cross-member 9 forms an angle B with the median vertical longitudinal plane PP bogie. In FIG. 2, this angle is displayed with respect to a plane PP1, parallel to the plane PP, in order to reduce the size of the figure. Each angle B is oriented in such a way that the faces 9a and 18b converge with the plane TT towards the inside of the bogie when the latter is seen from above (FIG. 2). Thus, the horizontal thrust P H undergone by each corner 18 as a result of the mutual support sliding between the oblique faces 9a and 18b is in the vertical plane containing said line of greatest slope L and thus has two components, namely the component P- ^ abovementioned support of the friction face 18c against the friction face 8a and a component Pr directed horizontally towards the plane PP and causing a friction support between two second friction faces 18d and 1b belonging respectively to the corner 18 and to the spar 1. The faces 18d and 1b are parallel to the median longitudinal plane PP of the bogie. The friction face lb is defined by a friction lining 26 fixed against the outer face of the spar 1 along an outer vertical edge of the housing 18. The faces 1a and 1b are therefore opposite one another and situated on either side of the friction face 8a, along the corresponding vertical side of the fitting 8. The face 18d is defined by a friction lining 27 fixed to the corner 18. The friction faces 18c and 18d of the corner 18 substantially form an orthogonal dihedral concave with vertical edge. The vertical plane containing the line of greatest slope L is therefore parallel to the edge of the dihedral and forms an angle with the two faces of the dihedral.
La composante Pτ de la poussée PH sollicite ainsi le longeron 1 en appui de sa face de référence la contre la face de référence 9d de la traverse 11.The component P τ of the thrust P H thus urges the beam 1 to bear against its reference face against the reference face 9d of the cross member 11.
De manière plus imagée, chaque coin 18 fonctionne comme la mâchoire mobile d'une pince qui serrerait le longeron 1 contre la mâchoire fixe constituée par l'oreille 9e et plus particulièrement par la face de référence 9d de cette dernière.More pictorially, each corner 18 functions like the movable jaw of a clamp which would clamp the spar 1 against the fixed jaw formed by the ear 9e and more particularly by the reference face 9d of the latter.
A chaque extrémité 9 de traverse, les deux faces de référence 9d de la traverse 11 sont coplanaires et les deux faces de référence la du longeron 1 sont également coplanaires. Au repos, ces quatre faces sont donc dans un même plan PP2 (figure 2) , et ce plan est parallèle au plan PP. La direction longitudinale de la traverse est alors perpendiculaire à la direction longitudinale du longeron.At each end 9 of the cross member, the two reference faces 9d of the cross member 11 are coplanar and the two reference faces 1a of the beam 1 are also coplanar. At rest, these four faces are therefore in the same plane PP2 (FIG. 2), and this plane is parallel to the plane PP. The longitudinal direction of the cross member is then perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the beam.
Lorsque cette situation est réalisée aux deux extrémités de la traverse, les deux longerons sont parallèles l'un à l'autre et la traverse est perpendiculaire à la direction de marche du bogie. Par conséquent, aucun des deux longerons n'est en avance sur l'autre. En d'autres termes, à l'égard des mouvements de lacet, le châssis se comporte comme un châssis rigide. La poussée transversale Pτ tend en permanence à maintenir cette situation et par conséquent le bogie fait preuve de stabilité à l'encontre des mouvements longitudinaux des longerons l'un par rapport à l'autre.When this situation is achieved at the two ends of the cross-member, the two longitudinal members are parallel to each other and the cross-member is perpendicular to the direction of travel of the bogie. Consequently, neither of the two beams is ahead of the other. In other words, with regard to yaw movements, the chassis behaves like a rigid chassis. The transverse thrust P τ constantly tends to maintain this situation and therefore the bogie makes proof of stability against the longitudinal movements of the side members relative to each other.
Chaque oreille 9e est terminée par une face de butée 9f qui coopère avec un épaulement de butée le que présente chaque longeron 1 au-delà de la face de référence la. La face 9f et l'épaulement le sont sensiblement parallèles au plan transversal médian TT du bogie. L'une ou l'autre de ces faces peut cependant avoir en coupe dans un plan parallèle au plan PP, un profil légèrement convexe pour permettre la rotation relative longeron-traverse autour de l'axe A (figure 4).Each lug 9e is terminated by an abutment face 9f which cooperates with an abutment shoulder the that each spar 1 has beyond the reference face la. The face 9f and the shoulder are substantially parallel to the median transverse plane TT of the bogie. One or the other of these faces may, however, have in section in a plane parallel to the plane PP, a slightly convex profile to allow relative rotation of the spar-cross member around the axis A (FIG. 4).
Grâce à l'appui des deux faces opposées 9f de chaque extrémité 9 contre les deux épaulements opposés le du longeron 1 associé, une éventuelle rotation de la traverse 11 dans le plan horizontal par rapport à un longeron 1 a nécessairement pour axe un axe vertical voisin du plan PP2 représenté à la figure 2. La situation en cas d'une telle rotation est représentée à la figure 6. L'une des paires de surfaces de référence la, 9d est en état de décollement ce qui a obligé le coin 18 associé à s'enfoncer moyennant compression du ressort 17 associé (non représenté à la figure 6). Cette compression n'est pas compensée par une détente correspondante de 1'autre ressort 17 associé à l'autre coin 18 puisque, de l'autre côté du plan TT, l'écartement entre la mâchoire fixe constituée par l'oreille 9e et la mâchoire mobile constituée par le coin 18 n'a pratiquement pas varié. La situation représentée à la figure 6 ne peut donc résulter que d'efforts de marche qui surpassent les forces de stabilité engendrées par la structure selon l'invention. Même dans ce cas, les forces de stabilité précitées limitent l'amplitude de la déformation indésirable. Comme représenté à la figure 6, l'angle maximal D de rotation relative autour de l'axe précité est déterminé par appui de l'une ou l'autre des faces 9b contre la garniture 22 du longeron 1. La structure qui vient d'être décrite augmente considérablement les forces de frottement susceptibles d'amortir les oscillations verticales de l'extrémité de traverse par rapport au longeron associé. En effet, pour une poussée horizontale PH donnée, qui est fonction de la force du ressort 17 et de la pente des faces obliques 9a, 18b, la structure engendre un frottement soumis à une force d'appui PL et un frottement soumis à une force d'appui Pτ, la somme des valeurs absolues de PL et Pτ étant supérieure à la valeur absolue de PH, comme le montre la figure 2.Thanks to the support of the two opposite faces 9f of each end 9 against the two opposite shoulders of the associated spar 1, any rotation of the cross member 11 in the horizontal plane relative to a spar 1 necessarily has an adjacent vertical axis as its axis of the plane PP 2 represented in FIG. 2. The situation in the event of such a rotation is represented in FIG. 6. One of the pairs of reference surfaces 1a, 9d is in a state of detachment which has forced the corner 18 associated with sinking by compression of the associated spring 17 (not shown in FIG. 6). This compression is not compensated by a corresponding relaxation of the other spring 17 associated with the other corner 18 since, on the other side of the plane TT, the spacing between the fixed jaw formed by the ear 9e and the movable jaw formed by the corner 18 has hardly changed. The situation represented in FIG. 6 can therefore only result from walking forces which exceed the stability forces generated by the structure according to the invention. Even in this case, the aforementioned stability forces limit the amplitude of the undesirable deformation. As shown in FIG. 6, the maximum angle D of relative rotation about the aforementioned axis is determined by pressing one or other of the faces 9b against the lining 22 of the spar 1. The structure which has just been described considerably increases the frictional forces capable of damping the vertical oscillations of the end of the cross member with respect to the associated spar. Indeed, for a given horizontal thrust P H , which is a function of the force of the spring 17 and of the slope of the oblique faces 9a, 18b, the structure generates friction subjected to a support force P L and friction subjected to a support force P τ , the sum of the absolute values of P L and P τ being greater than the absolute value of P H , as shown in Figure 2.
Dans tous les modes de réalisation qui viennent d'être décrits, chaque longeron est empêché par les butées le - 9f d'avoir un mouvement de translation parallèle à la direction de marche par rapport à la traverse 11. De plus, des forces de stabilité s'opposent au pivotement de chaque longeron 1 par rapport à la traverse autour d'un axe vertical. Dans ces conditions, les longerons 1 sont en permanence rappelés vers une position relative dans laquelle aucun d'eux n'est en avance ou en retard sur l'autre. De la sorte, les risques que les essieux prennent des orientations indésirables dans le plan horizontal sont minimisés. Les poussées dirigées selon la longueur de la traverse, qui tendent à décoller les faces de référence la et 9d du longeron et respectivement de la traverse sont amorties par la compression supplémentaire des ressorts 17 placés sous chaque coin, en raison de l'inclinaison suivant les lignes L des faces 18b et 9a des coins et respectivement de la traverse. La structure selon l'invention n'empêche pas les essieux de prendre, si les liaisons déformables essieux-longerons le permettent, des orientations convergentes pour 1'inscription en courbe sous l'effet des forces spécifiques s'exerçant sur les essieux dans ce cas, comme cela est bien connu. Comme le montre la figure 7, le procédé selon l'invention est applicable à un bogie connu, tel par exemple que celui décrit dans le US-A- 4 084 514, comprenant initialement des longerons 1 à encagement 8 de forme générale rectangulaire, les essieux 3 qui ont été décrits précédemment, et une traverse 111 comprenant sur chaque côté vertical de chacune de ses extrémités un logement 112. Le fond du logement 112 est constitué par une face en pente 113 dont la ligne de plus grande pente est parallèle au plan PP. Dans ces logements sont guidés de manière coulissante des coins 118 n'ayant pour frotter sur le longeron qu'une seule face d'appui transversale à la direction des rails 2 et s'appuyant sur une face verticale correspondant de 1*encagement 8. Un tel bogie n'a qu'une médiocre stabilité car les longerons ne sont rappelés vers aucune position précise par rapport à la traverse.In all the embodiments which have just been described, each spar is prevented by the stops le - 9f from having a translational movement parallel to the direction of travel relative to the cross member 11. In addition, stability forces oppose the pivoting of each beam 1 relative to the cross member around a vertical axis. Under these conditions, the beams 1 are permanently recalled to a relative position in which none of them is ahead or behind the other. In this way, the risks that the axles take undesirable orientations in the horizontal plane are minimized. The thrusts directed along the length of the crosspiece, which tend to take off the reference faces la and 9d of the beam and respectively of the crosspiece are damped by the additional compression of the springs 17 placed under each corner, due to the inclination according to the lines L of the faces 18b and 9a of the corners and respectively of the crosspiece. The structure according to the invention does not prevent the axles from taking, if the deformable axle-spar connections allow it, converging orientations for the entry into a curve under the effect of the specific forces exerted on the axles in this case , as is well known. As shown in FIG. 7, the method according to the invention is applicable to a known bogie, such as example as that described in US-A-4 084 514, initially comprising longitudinal members 1 with casing 8 of generally rectangular shape, the axles 3 which have been described previously, and a cross member 111 comprising on each vertical side of each of its ends a housing 112. The bottom of the housing 112 is constituted by a sloping face 113 whose line of greatest slope is parallel to the plane PP. In these housings are slidingly guided corners 118 having to rub on the spar only one support face transverse to the direction of the rails 2 and resting on a corresponding vertical face of 1 * housing 8. A such a bogie has only poor stability because the side members are not recalled to any precise position relative to the cross-member.
Pour améliorer ce bogie, il suffit de remplacer la traverse 111 et les coins 118 par une traverse 11 telle que décrite en référence aux figures 1 à 6 et respectivement par des coins 18 tels que décrit en référence aux figures 1 à 6. Préalablement au remontage de ces nouveaux éléments, on rapporte sur les longerons 1, qui sont conservés, des garnitures de friction 26 destinées à définir la face de friction lb sur la face extérieure de chaque longeron le long des côtés verticaux de l'encagement 8, et des garnitures de friction 32 destinées à définir la face de référence la sur la face intérieure de chaque longeron le long desdits côtés verticaux des encagements 8.To improve this bogie, it suffices to replace the cross member 111 and the corners 118 with a cross member 11 as described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 6 and respectively with corners 18 as described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 6. Prior to reassembly of these new elements, friction rails 26 intended to define the friction face 1b on the external face of each beam along the vertical sides of the casing 8, and linings are reported on the longitudinal members 1, which are retained. friction 32 intended to define the reference face 1a on the internal face of each spar along said vertical sides of the slots 8.
Comme le montre la figure 8, chaque longeron 1 repose sur la pièce d'appui 31 par l'intermédiaire d'un patin 33 par rapport auquel le longeron a un bon coefficient de frottement. Le patin 33 est fixé à la pièce d'appui par des vis 34. La pièce d'appui 31 comprend des rainures latérales verticales 36 (figure 10) recevant des bossages correspondants 37 du longeron 1. Il est prévu entre les bossages 37 et les rainures 36 un jeu 2J parallèlement à l'axe 4, permettant un débattement axial de l'essieu par rapport au longeron, ce débattement, de l'ordre de quelques cm, étant relativement libre grâce au patin de glissement 33. On a constaté qu'ainsi les essieux ne transmettent plus aux longerons certains efforts latéraux déstabilisateurs, ce qui permet d'augmenter encore la vitesse de circulation.As shown in Figure 8, each spar 1 rests on the support piece 31 by means of a shoe 33 relative to which the spar has a good coefficient of friction. The shoe 33 is fixed to the support piece by screws 34. The support piece 31 comprises vertical lateral grooves 36 (FIG. 10) receiving corresponding bosses 37 of the spar 1. It is provided between the bosses 37 and the grooves 36 a set 2J parallel to axis 4, allowing an axial movement of the axle relative to the spar, this movement, of the order of a few cm, being relatively free thanks to the sliding pad 33. It has been found that thus the axles do not transmit more lateral destabilizing forces to the side rails, which further increases the speed of movement.
Dans le cadre du procédé d'amélioration, cette particularité est réalisable de manière très simple puisqu'il suffit d'élargir les rainures initiales 136 (en trait mixte à la figure 10) et de rajouter les patins de glissement 33 sur la face supérieure des pièces d'appui.In the context of the improvement process, this feature can be achieved in a very simple manner since it suffices to widen the initial grooves 136 (in dashed line in FIG. 10) and to add the sliding pads 33 on the upper face of the supporting parts.
Bien entendu, l'invention n'est pas limitée aux exemples décrits et représentés. En particulier, les moyens élastiques qui sollicitent les coins tels que 18 pourraient s'appuyer sur la traverse au lieu de s'appuyer sur le longeron, de manière à avoir une action indépendante de l'état de compression des ressorts de suspension. Les faces obliques du coin peuvent coopérer avec des faces obliques du longeron, les première et seconde faces de friction étant alors portées par le coin et la traverse. L'angle B entre le plan vertical contenant la ligne de plus grande pente L et le plan longitudinal vertical médian tel que PP doit bien entendu être orienté de façon qu'il en résulte une force d'appui mutuel entre les faces de référence telles que la et 9d. Of course, the invention is not limited to the examples described and shown. In particular, the elastic means which stress the corners such as 18 could be supported on the cross member instead of being supported on the spar, so as to have an action independent of the state of compression of the suspension springs. The oblique faces of the corner can cooperate with oblique faces of the beam, the first and second friction faces then being carried by the corner and the crosspiece. The angle B between the vertical plane containing the line of greatest slope L and the median vertical longitudinal plane such as PP must of course be oriented so that this results in a mutual bearing force between the reference faces such that la and 9d.

Claims

R E V E N D I C A T I O N S 1. Bogie comprenant deux éléments longitudinaux tels que des longerons (1) entre lesquels s'étendent des essieux (3) et au moins un élément transversal tel qu'une traverse (11), l'élément transversal (11) formant à chacune de ses extrémités (9) avec l'un des éléments longitudinaux (1) et avec un coin (18) une liaison déformable dans laquelle :CLAIMS 1. Bogie comprising two longitudinal elements such as side members (1) between which extend axles (3) and at least one transverse element such as a cross member (11), the transverse element (11) forming each of its ends (9) with one of the longitudinal elements (1) and with a corner (18) a deformable connection in which:
- une face de référence latérale (la) de l'élément longitudinal (1) est en appui latéral avec possibilité de frottement en direction verticale contre une face de référence conjuguée (9d) de l'élément transversal (11) , ces faces de référence étant transversales à la direction longitudinale de l'élément transversal ;- a lateral reference face (la) of the longitudinal element (1) is in lateral support with the possibility of friction in the vertical direction against a conjugate reference face (9d) of the transverse element (11), these reference faces being transverse to the longitudinal direction of the transverse element;
- sous l'action de moyens élastiques (17), une face oblique (18b) du coin, dont la ligne de plus grande pente (L) est située dans un plan vertical formant un angle (B) avec un plan longitudinal médian (PP) du bogie, s'appuie contre une face oblique correspondante (9a) de l'un (11) des éléments longitudinal (1) et transversal (11) de la liaison, de façon à engendrer d'une part un appui frottant entre des faces de friction (18c, 18a) verticales appartenant au coin (18) et respectivement à l'autre (1) des éléments longitudinal et transversal, et d'autre part, par réaction, l'appui latéral précité entre les faces de référence, lesquelles faces de friction et faces de référence sont en mouvement relatif vertical en cas de mouvement relatif vertical entre 1'élément longitudinal (1) et l'élément transversal (11) de la liaison, caractérisé en ce que les faces de friction (18c, 18d, 18a, 18b) sont au nombre de deux sur le coin (18) et deux sur ledit autre élément (1) , ces faces de friction étant disposées selon un dièdre à arête sensiblement verticale comprenant un côté (18c, 8a) transversal au plan médian (PP) et un côté (18d, lb) sensiblement parallèle au plan médian (PP) .- under the action of elastic means (17), an oblique face (18b) of the corner, the line of greatest slope (L) of which is situated in a vertical plane forming an angle (B) with a median longitudinal plane (PP ) of the bogie, is pressed against a corresponding oblique face (9a) of one (11) of the longitudinal (1) and transverse (11) elements of the connection, so as to generate on the one hand a friction bearing between vertical friction faces (18c, 18a) belonging to the corner (18) and respectively to the other (1) of the longitudinal and transverse elements, and on the other hand, by reaction, the abovementioned lateral support between the reference faces, which friction faces and reference faces are in vertical relative movement in the event of vertical relative movement between the longitudinal element (1) and the transverse element (11) of the connection, characterized in that the friction faces (18c, 18d, 18a, 18b) are two in number on the corner (18) and two on said other element (1), these friction faces being arranged in a dihedral with a substantially vertical edge comprising a side (18c, 8a) transverse to the median plane (PP) and one side (18d, lb) substantially parallel to the median plane (PP).
2. Bogie conforme à la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les faces de référence (la, 9d) sont sensiblement parallèles au plan longitudinal médian (PP) du bogie.2. Bogie according to claim 1, characterized in that the reference faces (la, 9d) are substantially parallel to the median longitudinal plane (PP) of the bogie.
3. Bogie selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que les faces de friction du coin forment un dièdre concave. 3. Bogie according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the friction faces of the corner form a concave dihedral.
4. Bogie selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, dans lequel dans chaque liaison, ledit autre élément est l'élément longitudinal (1) caractérisé en ce qu'une première (8a) des faces de friction de l'élément longitudinal (1) est formée sur un côté d'un encagement (8) de l'élément longitudinal (1), et en ce que l'élément longitudinal (1) comporte de part et d'autre de sa première face de friction (8a) , la face de référence (la) et respectivement l'autre des faces de friction (lb) en dièdre, ladite autre face de friction étant tournée en direction opposée à ladite face de référence (la) .4. Bogie according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein in each connection, said other element is the longitudinal element (1) characterized in that a first (8a) of the friction faces of the longitudinal element ( 1) is formed on one side of a recess (8) of the longitudinal element (1), and in that the longitudinal element (1) has on either side of its first friction face (8a) , the reference face (la) and respectively the other of the dihedral friction faces (lb), said other friction face being turned in the direction opposite to said reference face (la).
5. Bogie selon la revendication 4, dans lequel ladite autre des faces de référence (lb) est tournée vers l'extérieur du bogie.5. Bogie according to claim 4, wherein said other of the reference faces (lb) is turned towards the outside of the bogie.
6. Bogie conforme à l'une des revendications 1 à 5, dans lequel il est prévu deux liaisons déformables précitées entre chaque élément longitudinal (1) et l'extrémité correspondante (9) de l'élément transversal (11) , ces deux liaisons déformables étant symétriques de part et d'autre d'un plan vertical médian (TT) de l'élément transversal (11), caractérisé en ce que les deux faces de référence (la) de chaque élément longitudinal (1) sont coplanaires, et les deux faces de référence (9d) correspondantes de l'élément transversal (11) sont également coplanaires. 6. Bogie according to one of claims 1 to 5, in which two abovementioned deformable connections are provided between each longitudinal element (1) and the corresponding end (9) of the transverse element (11), these two connections deformable being symmetrical on either side of a vertical median plane (TT) of the transverse element (11), characterized in that the two reference faces (la) of each longitudinal element (1) are coplanar, and the two corresponding reference faces (9d) of the transverse element (11) are also coplanar.
7. Bogie conforme à l'une des revendications 1 à7. Bogie according to one of claims 1 to
6, caractérisé en ce que l'angle (B) entre le plan longitudinal médian (PP) et un plan vertical passant par la ligne de plus grande pente (L) des faces obliques (18b, 9a) est de 25° environ.6, characterized in that the angle (B) between the plane longitudinal median (PP) and a vertical plane passing through the line of greatest slope (L) of the oblique faces (18b, 9a) is approximately 25 °.
8. Bogie conforme à l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que les éléments longitudinaux (1) s'appuient sur des paliers (7) d'essieux par l'intermédiaire de patins (33), des moyens (36, 37) étant prévus pour donner aux essieux (3) un jeu axial prédéterminé par rapport à chaque élément longitudinal. (1)8. Bogie according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the longitudinal elements (1) are supported on bearings (7) axles by means of pads (33), means (36 , 37) being provided to give the axles (3) a predetermined axial clearance with respect to each longitudinal element. (1)
9. Procédé pour améliorer un bogie comprenant deux éléments longitudinaux tels que des longerons (1) entre lesquels s'étendent des essieux (3) et au moins un élément transversal tel qu'une traverse (111), l'élément transversal (111) formant à chacune de ses extrémités (9) avec l'un des éléments longitudinaux (1) et avec un coin (118) une liaison déformable dans laquelle, sous l'action de moyens élastiques (17) , une face oblique (18b) du coin s'appuie contre une face oblique correspondante (9a) de l'élément transversal (11) de la liaison, de façon à engendrer un appui frottant entre des faces de friction (18c, 8a) verticales du coin (18) et de l'élément longitudinal (1) , caractérisé en ce que :9. Method for improving a bogie comprising two longitudinal elements such as side members (1) between which extend axles (3) and at least one transverse element such as a cross member (111), the transverse element (111) forming at each of its ends (9) with one of the longitudinal elements (1) and with a corner (118) a deformable connection in which, under the action of elastic means (17), an oblique face (18b) of the wedge bears against a corresponding oblique face (9a) of the transverse element (11) of the connection, so as to generate a friction bearing between friction faces (18c, 8a) vertical to the wedge (18) and the 'longitudinal element (1), characterized in that:
- on remplace l'élément transversal (111) par un élément transversal (11) ayant pour chaque liaison une face de référence transversale verticale munie d'une garniture de friction et une face oblique dont la ligne de plus grande pente (L) est située dans un plan vertical formant un angle (B) avec le plan longitudinal médian du dispositif ;- the transverse element (111) is replaced by a transverse element (11) having for each connection a vertical transverse reference face provided with a friction lining and an oblique face whose line of greatest slope (L) is located in a vertical plane forming an angle (B) with the median longitudinal plane of the device;
- on remplace les coins (118) par des coins (18) ayant deux faces de friction en dièdre et une face oblique dont la ligne de plus grande pente (L) s'étend dans un plan vertical qui est oblique par rapport aux deux faces de friction ; et - on place des garnitures de friction de chaque côté de l'élément longitudinal le long d'un côté vertical d'un encagement (8) destiné à recevoir l'extrémité de l'élément transversal. - the corners (118) are replaced by corners (18) having two dihedral friction faces and an oblique face whose line of greatest slope (L) extends in a vertical plane which is oblique with respect to the two faces friction; and - Friction linings are placed on each side of the longitudinal element along a vertical side of a housing (8) intended to receive the end of the transverse element.
10. Ensemble de pièces de rechange pour la mise en service du procédé selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend :10. Set of spare parts for the commissioning of the method according to claim 9, characterized in that it comprises:
- un élément transversal (11) ayant sur au moins un côté de chaque extrémité une face de référence transversale verticale munie d'une garniture de friction en une face oblique dont la ligne de plus grande pente (L) est disposée dans un plan vertical oblique ; et- a transverse element (11) having on at least one side of each end a vertical transverse reference face provided with a friction lining in an oblique face whose line of greatest slope (L) is disposed in an oblique vertical plane ; and
- des coins (18) ayant deux faces de friction en dièdre et une face oblique dont la ligne de plus grande pente est située dans un plan parallèle à l'arête du dièdre et formant un angle avec les deux faces de friction. - Corners (18) having two dihedral friction faces and an oblique face, the line of greatest slope of which is situated in a plane parallel to the edge of the dihedral and forming an angle with the two friction faces.
EP90904859A 1989-03-24 1990-03-14 Deformable chassis-bogie and process and spare parts assembly for improving same Withdrawn EP0464078A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR8903902 1989-03-24
FR8903902A FR2644743A1 (en) 1989-03-24 1989-03-24 BOGIE WITH DEFORMABLE CHASSIS

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AP (1) AP169A (en)
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FR (1) FR2644743A1 (en)
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WO1990011216A1 (en) 1990-10-04
AP169A (en) 1992-02-01
FR2644743B1 (en) 1994-04-22
ZA902189B (en) 1990-12-28
US5072673A (en) 1991-12-17
CA2049294A1 (en) 1990-09-25
OA09396A (en) 1992-09-15
BR9007248A (en) 1991-11-26
TNSN90033A1 (en) 1991-03-05
PT93509A (en) 1990-11-07
AP9000170A0 (en) 1990-04-30
FR2644743A1 (en) 1990-09-28

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