EP0455256B2 - Bougie à incandescence - Google Patents

Bougie à incandescence Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0455256B2
EP0455256B2 EP91107216A EP91107216A EP0455256B2 EP 0455256 B2 EP0455256 B2 EP 0455256B2 EP 91107216 A EP91107216 A EP 91107216A EP 91107216 A EP91107216 A EP 91107216A EP 0455256 B2 EP0455256 B2 EP 0455256B2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
glow
tube
resistor element
glow plug
plug according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91107216A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0455256A3 (en
EP0455256A2 (fr
EP0455256B1 (fr
Inventor
Helmut Dipl.-Ing.(FH) Müller
Werner Dipl.-Ing.(Fh) Baeskow
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BERU Ruprecht GmbH and Co KG
Beru Werk Albert Ruprecht GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
BERU Ruprecht GmbH and Co KG
Beru Werk Albert Ruprecht GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=6405719&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0455256(B2) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by BERU Ruprecht GmbH and Co KG, Beru Werk Albert Ruprecht GmbH and Co KG filed Critical BERU Ruprecht GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP0455256A2 publication Critical patent/EP0455256A2/fr
Publication of EP0455256A3 publication Critical patent/EP0455256A3/de
Publication of EP0455256B1 publication Critical patent/EP0455256B1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0455256B2 publication Critical patent/EP0455256B2/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
    • F23Q7/00—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
    • F23Q7/001—Glowing plugs for internal-combustion engines

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a glow plug according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • EP-A-0 335 382 describes a rod glow plug with a solid ceramic heating rod, in the front part of which a U-shaped ceramic heating element is accommodated.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a glow plug whose glow tube can be heated to a temperature of the order of 850 ° C. with a lower electrical output while the engine is running.
  • a resistance wire coil 4 for the electrical heating of the glow tube 2, a resistance wire coil 4, hereinafter referred to as the heating coil, is located in the tip of the glow tube 2, i.e. thus concentrated on the end of the glow tube 2 facing away from the glow plug body 3.
  • the heating coil 4 consists of a heating wire, the resistance of which is largely independent of the temperature (e.g. Kanthal).
  • the heating coil 4 can be wholly or, as shown in FIG.
  • the heating coil has the part 4a with an essentially temperature-independent resistance or with a resistor with a weakly positive or negative temperature coefficient and the part 4b with a strongly positive temperature coefficient (the spatial arrangement of parts 4a and 4b, can also be interchanged), partially consist of a heating wire with control characteristics (eg: Ni, CoFe, Fe, ). This achieves a certain self-regulation of the glow plug. If the current intensity in the heating coil is limited by the control electronics, a uniformly negative temperature coefficient can also be advantageous, provided that the heating coil is made of a correspondingly temperature-resistant material.
  • the entire heating coil that is to say including that part of it, which may be present, which has control characteristics, is concentrated in the tip of the glow tube.
  • This area is limited to max. 10 mm, preferably 4 to 7 mm, limits and occupies a range of less than 1/3 of the free glow tube length.
  • the heating coil 4 is embedded in the glow tube 2 with the aid of an electrically insulating material 7 designed as granules. MgO is usually used as the insulation material.
  • an insulation material with a higher thermal conductivity eg AlN 2
  • an insulation material with a lower thermal conductivity is used in the area of the low-resistance wire connection.
  • the spatial expansion of the heating coil 4 is deliberately concentrated on the tip of the glow tube in order to minimize the glowing volume.
  • the electrical power to be applied to reach a certain glow plug temperature can be maintained. This low electrical power is a prerequisite for continuous operation of the glow plug. It also minimizes convection, radiation and heat conduction losses.
  • FIG. 2 shows a further embodiment of a glow plug, in which a protective tube 9 surrounding the glow tube 2 is provided to further reduce the heat losses at lower temperatures in the combustion chamber or the prechamber of the engine during the gas exchange processes.
  • a protective tube 9 surrounding the glow tube 2 is provided to further reduce the heat losses at lower temperatures in the combustion chamber or the prechamber of the engine during the gas exchange processes.
  • one or more openings 10 are provided at the tip and / or on the circumference of the protective tube 9, which allow the fuel-air mixture access to the glowing glow tube end, where the fuel-air mixture is then ignited.
  • the protective tube 9 also has the function of preventing the heated glow tube from overheating at very high combustion chamber temperatures. This embodiment is particularly suitable for use in engines with very high gas exchange speeds and thus high convection losses.
  • Fig. 3 shows schematically the control of the glow plugs using the example of a 4-cylinder engine.
  • An electrical switching device controls the individual glow plugs, e.g. via power switching transistors, depending on vehicle condition on and off.
  • the individual glow plugs are switched on in succession with a slight time delay.
  • the duration of the preheating phase can be changed depending on various parameters, such as outside temperature, cooling water temperature, supply voltage, glow plug resistance.
  • the glow plugs are switched on in a clocked manner, so that overheating of the glow plugs is avoided.
  • the glow plugs are designed electrically so that with a duty cycle of 25% the desired glow plug temperature of e.g. > 850 ° C is reached.
  • the clocked successive switching on of the four glow plugs in such a way that the switch-on phases connect to each other without gaps and without overlap has the advantage that the on-board electrical system is loaded with an almost constant current.
  • an intermediate glow phase with a 50% or 75% duty cycle after the pre-glow phase. Two or three glow plugs are then heated simultaneously.
  • the glow plugs are checked for functionality by the control device and any defects are displayed to the driver.
  • Such a test phase can be provided both before the glow plug and in the respective pauses between the individual glow plugs. If a heating coil with temperature-dependent resistance is used for the glow plugs, the coil temperature can also be monitored.
  • FIG. 4 shows the temperature profile on the surface of the glow tube after a heating-up time of 30 seconds.
  • the glowing volume in the glow plug according to FIG. (Solid line) focused on the glow tube tip; all of the electrical energy is converted in the area of the glow tube tip, where the resistance wire coil is concentrated.
  • the major part of the electrical energy is converted in the area of the control coil part of the resistance wire coil, which extends over the greater part of the glow tube length on the side facing the glow plug body extends. This part of the glow tube is measured in the glow plug in question by a low-resistance feedback.
  • FIG. 5 shows both the glow current over time and the surface temperature at the tip of the glow tube.
  • the known glow plug (dashed line) begins with a high initial current peak, which leads to the heating of the control coil. Due to the increasing resistance of the control coil, the glow current decreases, and the control coil takes over most of the electrical Energy. It takes approx. 6.5 s to reach a temperature of 850 ° C at the glow tube tip and approx. 9.5 s to reach 950 ° C.
  • a comparison of the known series glow plug and the object glow plug (FIG. 6) during engine operation with a constant heating power of approx. 40 W resulted in the following.
  • the Seden glow plug only rose slightly at every combustion chamber temperature, while the glow plug in question assumed a temperature of> 850 ° C in every driving condition.
  • the temperature rises to approximately 1000 ° C. at high combustion chamber temperatures.
  • the glow plug with protective tube according to FIG. 2 shows an almost constant temperature over the entire driving range at the tip of the glow tube. This is due to the shielding effect of the protective tube. This can further improve the life of the glow plug.
  • the protective tube takes on a higher temperature and thus acts as a glow ignition exciter.
  • the shortening of the ignition delay is known to result in a reduction in combustion noise and airborne noise.
  • FIG. 8 schematically shows the installation of a glow plug according to FIG. 1 in a swirl chamber of a diesel engine.
  • the central control unit records the various engine parameters and supplies the glow plugs with an appropriate heating output. This control unit can also take over injection control and monitoring of the glow plugs.
  • FIG. 9 schematically shows the control device that is supplied with the different input variables. This data is processed according to a predetermined program in a microprocessor, which then controls the power output stage. Engine-specific data and maps can be stored in a memory module. In addition, the microprocessor performs function monitoring (diagnosis) of the glow plugs and reports any errors to the driver.
  • function monitoring diagnosis

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Spark Plugs (AREA)
  • Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Bougie à incandescence pour un moteur à combustion interne à compression d'air, comportant un culot (3), un dispositif de raccordement (5) pour le courant de mise à incandescence et un tube à incandescence (2) monté sur le culot de la bougie et qui est fermé à son extrémité tournée à l'opposé du culot de la bougie, et dans lequel il est prévu, dans le tube à incandescence (2), un élément résistif en forme de filament hélicoïdal (4) qui est noyé dans un matériau électriquement isolant (7), caractérisée en ce que l'ensemble de l'élément résistif en forme de filament hélicoïdal (4), prévu dans le tube à incandescence, est concentré de manière à s'étendre sur moins d'un tiers de la longueur libre du tube à incandescence, dans la zone de l'extrémité du tube à incandescence (2), tournée à l'opposé du culot (3) de la bougie.
  2. Bougie à incandescence selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que l'élément résistif (4) possède une caractéristique uniforme de température.
  3. Bougie à incandescence selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que la résistance électrique de l'élément résistif (4) est dans une large mesure indépendante de la température.
  4. Bougie à incandescence selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que la résistance électrique de l'élément résistif (4) possède un coefficient de température positif ayant un effet de régulation.
  5. Bougie à incandescence selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que la résistance électrique de l'élément résistif (4) possède un coefficient de température négatif.
  6. Bougie à incandescence selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que l'élément résistif (4) est constitué par une partie (4a) possédant une résistance qui est dans une large mesure indépendante de la température, et une partie (4b) qui possède un coefficient de température positif avec effet de régulation.
  7. Bougie à incandescence selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que pour relier l'élément résistif (4) au dispositif de raccordement (5), il est prévu une liaison formée d'un fil de faible valeur ohmique (6).
  8. Bougie à incandescence selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que pour le matériau électriquement isolant (7), il est prévu un matériau possédant une conductibilité thermique comparativement élevée.
  9. Bougie à incandescence selon la revendication 8, prise en référence à la revendication 7, caractérisée en ce que le matériau électriquement isolant (7) possédant une conductibilité thermique comparativement élevée est limité à la zone de l'élément résistif (4) et que dans la zone de la liaison formée d'un fil de faible valeur ohmique, il est prévu un matériau électriquement isolant (7) possédant une conductibilité thermique relativement faible.
  10. Bougie à incandescence selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce qu'un tube de protection (9), qui entoure le tube à incandescence (2) et comporte des ouvertures (20), est prévu dans la zone de la partie du tube à incandescence (2), qui contient l'élément résistif (4).
  11. Procédé pour faire fonctionner un ensemble de bougies à incandescence selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les bougies de préchauffage (1) sont activées en chevauchement pendant une phase de commutation et sont activées successivement sans intervalle intercalaire et sans chevauchement, lors d'une phase suivante.
  12. Procédé selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que la phase d'activation des différentes bougies à incandescence (1) est déclenchée avec un faible décalage temporel.
EP91107216A 1990-05-04 1991-05-03 Bougie à incandescence Expired - Lifetime EP0455256B2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4014356A DE4014356A1 (de) 1990-05-04 1990-05-04 Gluehkerze
DE4014356 1990-05-04

Publications (4)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0455256A2 EP0455256A2 (fr) 1991-11-06
EP0455256A3 EP0455256A3 (en) 1992-01-15
EP0455256B1 EP0455256B1 (fr) 1994-08-24
EP0455256B2 true EP0455256B2 (fr) 1997-12-03

Family

ID=6405719

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91107216A Expired - Lifetime EP0455256B2 (fr) 1990-05-04 1991-05-03 Bougie à incandescence

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US5172664A (fr)
EP (1) EP0455256B2 (fr)
JP (1) JPH0696838A (fr)
AT (1) ATE110460T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE4014356A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2061111T5 (fr)

Families Citing this family (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4133338A1 (de) * 1991-10-08 1993-04-15 Beru Werk Ruprecht Gmbh Co A Gluehkerze
DE4301252A1 (de) * 1993-01-19 1994-07-21 Beru Werk Ruprecht Gmbh Co A Stabflammglühkerze
DE4335292A1 (de) * 1993-10-15 1995-04-20 Beru Werk Ruprecht Gmbh Co A Glühkerze
DE4431477C2 (de) * 1994-09-03 1996-09-26 Bosch Gmbh Robert Starthilfevorrichtung, insbesondere für einen Dieselmotor
DE19812785A1 (de) * 1998-03-24 1999-10-07 Beru Ag Schutzrohre für Glüh- und Meßelemente
US6064039A (en) * 1998-04-15 2000-05-16 Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. Glow plug with small-diameter sheath tube enclosing heating and control coils
DE19833862A1 (de) * 1998-07-28 2000-02-03 Bosch Gmbh Robert Heizelement für Lambda-Sonden
JP2003508712A (ja) * 1999-08-27 2003-03-04 ローベルト ボツシユ ゲゼルシヤフト ミツト ベシユレンクテル ハフツング セラミックシースドエレメントグロープラグ
DE10041289B4 (de) * 2000-08-22 2005-05-04 Beru Ag Glühkerze
EP1406046B1 (fr) * 2001-06-19 2014-12-31 NGK Spark Plug Co., Ltd. Bougie de prechauffage et procede de fabrication d'une bougie de prechauffage
WO2003095828A1 (fr) * 2002-05-14 2003-11-20 Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. Module de commande pour bougie de prechauffage et bougie de prechauffage
US6878903B2 (en) * 2003-04-16 2005-04-12 Fleming Circle Associates, Llc Glow plug
DE102007031613B4 (de) * 2007-07-06 2011-04-21 Beru Ag Verfahren zum Betreiben von Glühkerzen in Dieselmotoren
DE102008008205A1 (de) * 2008-02-07 2009-08-13 Robert Bosch Gmbh Metallische Glühstiftkerze mit Temperaturmessung

Family Cites Families (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2898571A (en) * 1954-12-20 1959-08-04 Vickers Electrical Co Ltd Methods of manufacturing tubular sheathed heating elements
GB1215013A (en) * 1967-04-05 1970-12-09 Wire Products & Machine Design Improvements in or relating to encased electric heating elements
DE2746496A1 (de) * 1977-10-15 1979-04-26 Bosch Gmbh Robert Gluehstiftkerze fuer brennkraftmaschinen
DE2802625C3 (de) * 1978-01-21 1985-07-18 BERU Ruprecht GmbH & Co KG, 7140 Ludwigsburg Glühkerze
DE2900984C2 (de) * 1979-01-12 1983-01-05 W.C. Heraeus Gmbh, 6450 Hanau Glühkerze für Dieselmotoren
US4312120A (en) * 1980-05-22 1982-01-26 Bendix Autolite Corporation Glow plug manufacture
JPS59231321A (ja) * 1983-06-13 1984-12-26 Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd 自己制御型グロ−プラグ
DE3502525C2 (de) * 1985-01-25 1993-11-11 Beru Werk Ruprecht Gmbh Co A Glühelement
JPS63266172A (ja) * 1987-04-22 1988-11-02 Mitsubishi Electric Corp デイ−ゼルエンジンのグロ−プラグ制御装置
GB2220446B (en) * 1988-04-06 1992-05-27 Champion Spark Plug Europ Glow plug for internal combustion engine
DE3822693A1 (de) * 1988-07-05 1990-01-11 Vacuumschmelze Gmbh Widerstandselement fuer gluehkerzen
DE3825013A1 (de) * 1988-07-22 1990-01-25 Beru Werk Ruprecht Gmbh Co A Gluehkerze
DE9005085U1 (de) * 1990-05-04 1990-08-09 BERU Ruprecht GmbH & Co KG, 7140 Ludwigsburg Glühkerze

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0455256A3 (en) 1992-01-15
EP0455256A2 (fr) 1991-11-06
ES2061111T5 (es) 1998-02-16
ES2061111T3 (es) 1994-12-01
DE4014356A1 (de) 1991-11-07
US5172664A (en) 1992-12-22
DE59102605D1 (de) 1994-09-29
EP0455256B1 (fr) 1994-08-24
ATE110460T1 (de) 1994-09-15
JPH0696838A (ja) 1994-04-08

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