EP0455202A1 - Tile - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- EP0455202A1 EP0455202A1 EP91106948A EP91106948A EP0455202A1 EP 0455202 A1 EP0455202 A1 EP 0455202A1 EP 91106948 A EP91106948 A EP 91106948A EP 91106948 A EP91106948 A EP 91106948A EP 0455202 A1 EP0455202 A1 EP 0455202A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- tile
- blind
- tile according
- surface structure
- tiles
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61H—PHYSICAL THERAPY APPARATUS, e.g. DEVICES FOR LOCATING OR STIMULATING REFLEX POINTS IN THE BODY; ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION; MASSAGE; BATHING DEVICES FOR SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC OR HYGIENIC PURPOSES OR SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY
- A61H3/00—Appliances for aiding patients or disabled persons to walk about
- A61H3/06—Walking aids for blind persons
- A61H3/066—Installations on the floor, e.g. special surfaces, to guide blind persons
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F15/00—Flooring
- E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
- E04F15/08—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements only of stone or stone-like material, e.g. ceramics, concrete; of glass or with a top layer of stone or stone-like material, e.g. ceramics, concrete or glass
Definitions
- the description relates to a tile with a groove-like surface structure.
- Tiles are increasingly used, particularly in public buildings, to form floors or wall coverings.
- the requirements usually placed on tiles relate to the visual appearance as well as questions of wear resistance, especially with floor tiles, and running safety.
- the most diverse designs and shapes of tiles have already been developed, which meet these requirements.
- the invention has for its object to provide a tile which serves as a guide for the blind and with the help of which it is possible for blind people to find their way without additional help.
- the object is achieved in that the tile is provided with a surface structure which has mutually parallel grooves with a sinusoidal surface shape in the cut edge.
- the tile according to the invention is characterized by a number of significant advantages.
- the selected surface structure of the tile enables the blind or visually impaired to scan the surface structure of the tile with their cane and to follow the direction given by the tile.
- the tile is suitable both for normal orientation and as a marking for an escape route.
- the wavy, sinusoidal surface structure The profile of the tile is such that when it is swept over with a cane, an oscillation frequency or a tone results which is significantly different from the noise level of the surroundings, in particular the other traffic noise. With the help of the sound produced in this way, which the blind person can clearly hear, it is possible for him to orient himself precisely.
- the tile it is possible, taking into account the usual movement of a cane when scanning the floor, to align the tile in such a way that the blind person can precisely determine the direction to be followed on the basis of the maximum volume of the sound generated when scanning with the stick.
- the tiles can thus be arranged exactly to the path to be followed.
- the tile according to the invention can be laid, for example, in a width of approximately 50 cm, so that there is a sufficiently wide web on which the blind person can orient himself.
- the tile As an alternative to the sinusoidal design of the surface profile, it is also possible to provide the tile with a trapezoidal, groove-shaped surface profile, which can have similar acoustic properties.
- the tile according to the invention thus gives the blind person the possibility of determining the position of the tile and possibly also its orientation, both tactilely and acoustically, in order to find his way.
- the wavelength of the sinusoid is between 0.8 and 1.4 cm. This wavelength results in the most advantageous pitch and range of the sound produced and thus contains the highest degree of effectiveness and safety. It can also be particularly favorable if the amplitude is between 2.4 and 3.4 mm. Since the The usual scanning speed at which a blind person guides his cane across the ground is essentially the same advantageous result for all of these users.
- the particularly advantageous values for the amplitude and the wavelength are chosen so that the wavelength is 1.1 cm and the amplitude is 3 mm.
- the tile according to the invention Since the tile according to the invention is installed in conjunction with conventional floor tiles, it must also be ensured that the tile also stands out visually from the other floor tiles, for example in order to prevent the escape route given to the blind by the row of tiles, be it by others Passers-by or through parked objects. For this reason, it is desirable for the tile to be different in color from the other floor tiles. According to the invention it is provided that the tile is provided with a color layer in the troughs of the sinusoidal surface structure. This configuration has the considerable advantage that the color layer is applied in a wear-resistant manner, for example in the form of a glaze, since then there is usually no or only very little mechanical wear in the waves. A white color is preferably chosen.
- the surface structure is designed in terms of amplitude and wavelength so that other people do not hinder entering the tile. For example, it is easy to walk on the tile with pointed heels or stiletto heels from women's shoes. The shoulders cannot get caught in the groove-shaped surface profile, so that there is no risk of tripping over. It also ensures that the tile is not damaged by entering. It is also harmless if the tile is run over by vehicles, for example by trolleys or prams or similar. Here, too, there is no risk of an accident or of damage to the tile.
- the tile is preferably made of a ceramic material which has a tightness of a predetermined height.
- the tightness is usually characterized by the degree of water absorption, in the preferred embodiment of the tile according to the invention it is provided that the water absorption is less than 3%.
- the tile is therefore essentially made of the same materials as building ceramics, which can be used outdoors.
- the tile according to the invention can also be designed in such a way that it is plate-shaped and the shape of customary tiles is adapted.
- the tile can be rectangular, but it can also be made with any other geometries.
- the tile comprises a base body 1 which is essentially plate-shaped.
- the base body 1 is designed in the form of a rectangular plate.
- a groove-like surface structure 2 is provided, which has mutually parallel grooves that have a sinusoidal shape. 1 shows the surface structure 2 only in a schematic representation.
- the sinusoidal grooves extend over the entire length or width of the base body 1.
- Opposing edges 3 of the base body 1, which run parallel to the grooves, are designed in such a way that adjacent tiles are structured is not affected. With several, composite tiles, this results in a uniform, undisturbed sinusoidal surface shape.
Abstract
Description
Die Beschreibung bezieht sich auf eine Fliese mit einer rillenartigen Oberflächenstruktur.The description relates to a tile with a groove-like surface structure.
Fliesen werden insbesondere in öffentlichen Gebäuden in zunehmendem Maße benutzt, um Fußböden oder Wandverkleidungen auszubilden. Die üblicherweise an Fliesen gestellten Anforderungen betreffen dabei das optische Erscheinungsbild sowie Fragen der Verschleißfestigkeit, insbesondere bei Bodenfliesen, die Laufsicherheit. Es wurden bereits die verschiedensten Ausgestaltungen und Formen von Fliesen entwickelt, welche diesen Anforderungen gerecht werden.Tiles are increasingly used, particularly in public buildings, to form floors or wall coverings. The requirements usually placed on tiles relate to the visual appearance as well as questions of wear resistance, especially with floor tiles, and running safety. The most diverse designs and shapes of tiles have already been developed, which meet these requirements.
Insbesondere in öffentlichen Gebäuden spielt jedoch der Sicherheitsaspekt eine zusätzliche Rolle, wobei gerade in dieser Hinsicht in letzter Zeit erhebliche Anstrengungen unternommen wurden, um auch in Gebäuden, in denen sich sehr viele Menschen aufhalten, wie beispielweise in Bahnhöfen, geeignete Sicherheitsvorkehrungen zu treffen.In public buildings in particular, however, the safety aspect plays an additional role, and in this regard in particular considerable efforts have recently been made to also take suitable safety precautions in buildings in which a large number of people are present, for example in train stations.
Es wurden weiterhin in jüngster Zeit vielfältige Maßnahmen getroffen, um auch behinderten Menschen, beispielsweise Blinden oder Sehgeschädigten das Zurechtfinden in Gebäuden zu erleichtern. So wurden beispielsweise in Aufzuganlagen die Bedienungstastaturen mit Blindenschrift ausgestattet. Derartige Maßnahmen sind jedoch nur von geringem Nutzen, wenn es einem Blinden nicht gelingt, in sicherer Weise seinen Weg zu finden. Blinde orientieren sich üblicherweise mit Hilfe eines Blindenstocks, mit dem der Boden abgetastet wird, um Hindernissen auszuweichen. Hierbei hat der Blinde bereits im wesentlichen seine Laufrichtung ausgewählt und vermeidet mit Hilfe des Stocks, daß er gegen Hindernisse stößt oder stolpert, beispielsweise beim Übergang über eine Bordsteinkante oder eine Treppe. Sofern nun in größeren Gebäuden den Blinden keine Wand zur Verfügung steht, an welcher er entlang gehen kann, besteht für ihn keinerlei Möglichkeit, sich selbst zurecht zu finden.A wide range of measures have recently been taken to make it easier for people with disabilities, such as the blind or visually impaired, to find their way around buildings to facilitate. For example, the control keyboards in elevator systems have been equipped with Braille. However, such measures are of little use if a blind person is unable to find their way safely. Blind people usually orient themselves with the help of a cane, which is used to scan the ground to avoid obstacles. Here, the blind man has already essentially chosen his running direction and, with the help of the stick, prevents him from hitting or stumbling against obstacles, for example when crossing a curb or a staircase. If there is no wall for the blind in larger buildings to walk along, there is no way for them to find their way.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Fliese zu schaffen, welche als Blindenleitfliese dient und mit Hilfe derer es Blinden möglich ist, ohne zusätzliche Hilfe ihren Weg zu finden.The invention has for its object to provide a tile which serves as a guide for the blind and with the help of which it is possible for blind people to find their way without additional help.
Erfindungsgemäß wird die Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, daß die Fliese mit einer Oberflächenstruktur versehen ist, welche zueinander parallele Rillen mit einer in der Schnittkante sinusförmigen Oberflächenform aufweist.According to the invention the object is achieved in that the tile is provided with a surface structure which has mutually parallel grooves with a sinusoidal surface shape in the cut edge.
Die erfindungsgemäße Fliese zeichnet sich durch eine Reihe erheblicher Vorteile aus. Durch die gewählte Oberflächenstruktur der Fliese ist es dem Blinden oder Sehgeschädigten möglich, mit seinem Blindenstock die Oberflächenstruktur der Fliese abzutasten und der durch die Fliese vorgegebenen Richtung zu folgen. Erfindungsgemäß ist es möglich, die Fliesen zu einer in ihrer Länge unbegrenzten Bahn zusammenzufügen, so daß der Blinde oder Sehbehinderte auch sehr große Strecken ohne fremde Hilfe bewältigen kann. Die Fliese eignet sich dabei sowohl zur normalen Orientierung als auch als Markierung für einen Fluchtweg.The tile according to the invention is characterized by a number of significant advantages. The selected surface structure of the tile enables the blind or visually impaired to scan the surface structure of the tile with their cane and to follow the direction given by the tile. According to the invention, it is possible to join the tiles together to form an unlimited path in length, so that the blind or visually impaired can also cover very long distances without outside help. The tile is suitable both for normal orientation and as a marking for an escape route.
Die wellenförmige, sinusförmig ausgebildete Oberflächenstruktur der Fliese ist in ihrem Profil so ausgebildet, daß sich beim Überstreichen mit einem Blindenstock eine Schwingungsfrequenz bzw. ein Ton ergibt, welcher sich wesentlich vom Geräuschniveau der Umgebung, insbesondere dem übrigen Verkehrslärm abhebt. Mit Hilfe des so erzeugten Tones, den der Blinde deutlich hören kann, ist es für ihn möglich, sich genau zu orientieren.The wavy, sinusoidal surface structure The profile of the tile is such that when it is swept over with a cane, an oscillation frequency or a tone results which is significantly different from the noise level of the surroundings, in particular the other traffic noise. With the help of the sound produced in this way, which the blind person can clearly hear, it is possible for him to orient himself precisely.
Erfindungsgemäß ist es möglich, unter Berücksichtigung der üblichen Bewegung eines Blindenstocks beim Abtasten des Bodens die Fliese so auszurichten, daß der Blinde anhand der maximalen beim Abtasten mit dem Stock erzeugten Lautstärke des Tones exakt die zu beschreitende Richtung bestimmen kann. Die Fliesen können somit exakt passend zu dem zu beschreitenden Weg angeordnet werden.According to the invention it is possible, taking into account the usual movement of a cane when scanning the floor, to align the tile in such a way that the blind person can precisely determine the direction to be followed on the basis of the maximum volume of the sound generated when scanning with the stick. The tiles can thus be arranged exactly to the path to be followed.
Die erfindungsgemäße Fliese kann beispielsweise in einer Breite von ca. 50 cm verlegt werden, so daß eine ausreichend breite Bahn vorliegt, an der sich der Blinde orientieren kann.The tile according to the invention can be laid, for example, in a width of approximately 50 cm, so that there is a sufficiently wide web on which the blind person can orient himself.
Alternativ zu der sinusförmigen Ausgestaltung des Oberflächenprofils ist es auch möglich, die Fliese mit einem trapezförmigen, rillenförmigen Oberflächenprofil zu versehen, welche ähnliche akustische Eigenschaften aufweisen kann.As an alternative to the sinusoidal design of the surface profile, it is also possible to provide the tile with a trapezoidal, groove-shaped surface profile, which can have similar acoustic properties.
Die erfindungsgemäße Fliese gibt dem Blinden somit die Möglichkeit, sowohl taktil als auch akustisch die Lage der Fliese und möglicherweise auch deren Ausrichtung zu bestimmen, um seinen Weg zu finden.The tile according to the invention thus gives the blind person the possibility of determining the position of the tile and possibly also its orientation, both tactilely and acoustically, in order to find his way.
In einer besonders günstigen Ausgestaltungsform der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, daß die Wellenlänge der Sinusform zwischen 0,8 und 1,4 cm beträgt. Diese Wellenlänge ergibt die vorteilhafteste Tonhöhe und Reichweite des erzeugten Tons und beinhaltet somit das Höchstmaß an Wirksamkeit und Sicherheit. Dabei kann es weiterhin besonders günstig sein, wenn die Amplitude zwischen 2,4 und 3,4 mm beträgt. Da die übliche Abtastgeschwindigkeit, mit welcher ein Blinder seinen Blindenstock über den Boden führt, im wesentlichen vorgegeben ist, stellt sich bei all diesen Benutzern im wesentlichen das gleiche vorteilhafte Resultat ein.In a particularly favorable embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the wavelength of the sinusoid is between 0.8 and 1.4 cm. This wavelength results in the most advantageous pitch and range of the sound produced and thus contains the highest degree of effectiveness and safety. It can also be particularly favorable if the amplitude is between 2.4 and 3.4 mm. Since the The usual scanning speed at which a blind person guides his cane across the ground is essentially the same advantageous result for all of these users.
Die besonders vorteilhaften Werte für die Amplitude und die Wellenlänge sind so gewählt, daß die Wellenlänge 1,1 cm und die Amplitude 3 mm betragen.The particularly advantageous values for the amplitude and the wavelength are chosen so that the wavelength is 1.1 cm and the amplitude is 3 mm.
Da die erfindungsgemäße Fliese im Verbund mit üblichen Bodenfliesen verlegt wird, muß weiterhin sichergestellt sein, daß sich die Fliese auch optisch von den übrigen Bodenfliesen abhebt, beispielsweise um zu verhindern, daß der durch die Fliesenreihe dem Blinden vorgegebene Fluchtweg verstellt wird, sei es durch andere Passanten oder durch abgestellte Gegenstände. Aus diesem Grunde ist es wünschenswert, wenn die Fliese sich farblich von den übrigen Bodenfliesen abhebt. Erfindungsgemäß ist vorgesehen, daß die Fliese in den Wellentälern der sinusförmigen Oberflächenstruktur mit einer Farbschicht versehen ist. Diese Ausgestaltung weist den erheblichen Vorteil auf, daß die Farbschicht verschleißsicher aufgebracht ist, beispielsweise in Form einer Glasur, da in den Wellen dann üblicherweise keine oder nur eine sehr geringe Abnutzung mechanischer Art stattfindet. Bevorzugterweise wird eine weiße Farbgebung gewählt.Since the tile according to the invention is installed in conjunction with conventional floor tiles, it must also be ensured that the tile also stands out visually from the other floor tiles, for example in order to prevent the escape route given to the blind by the row of tiles, be it by others Passers-by or through parked objects. For this reason, it is desirable for the tile to be different in color from the other floor tiles. According to the invention it is provided that the tile is provided with a color layer in the troughs of the sinusoidal surface structure. This configuration has the considerable advantage that the color layer is applied in a wear-resistant manner, for example in the form of a glaze, since then there is usually no or only very little mechanical wear in the waves. A white color is preferably chosen.
Ein weiterer, wesentlicher Vorteil der erfindungsgemäßen Fliese ist dadurch gegeben, daß die Oberflächenstruktur in der Amplitude und Wellenlänge so ausgebildet ist, daß das Betreten der Fliese durch sonstige Personen nicht behindert wird. So ist es beispielsweise problemlos möglich, die Fliese mit spitzen Absätzen oder Pfennigabsätzen von Damenschuhen zu betreten. Die Absätze können sich nicht in dem rillenförmigen Oberflächenprofil verfangen, so daß keine Stolpergefahr vorliegt. Weiterhin ist sichergestellt, daß die Fliese durch das Betreten nicht beschädigt wird. Ebenso ist es unschädlich, wenn die Fliese von Fahrzeugen überfahren wird, beispielsweise durch Transportkarren, Kinderwägen oder ähnlichem. Auch hierbei besteht weder eine Unfallgefahr noch die Gefahr einer Beschädigung der Fliese.Another significant advantage of the tile according to the invention is given in that the surface structure is designed in terms of amplitude and wavelength so that other people do not hinder entering the tile. For example, it is easy to walk on the tile with pointed heels or stiletto heels from women's shoes. The shoulders cannot get caught in the groove-shaped surface profile, so that there is no risk of tripping over. It also ensures that the tile is not damaged by entering. It is also harmless if the tile is run over by vehicles, for example by trolleys or prams or similar. Here, too, there is no risk of an accident or of damage to the tile.
Die Fliese ist bevorzugterweise aus einem keramsichen Material gefertigt, welches eine Dichtigkeit vorgegebener Höhe aufweist. Üblicherweise ist die Dichtigkeit durch das maß der Wasseraufnahme gekennzeichnet, bei der bevorzugten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Fliese ist vorgesehen, daß die Wasseraufnahme kleiner 3 % beträgt. Die Fliese ist somit im wesentlichen aus den gleichen Materialien gefertigt, wie Baukeramiken, welche im Außenbereich einsetzbar sind.The tile is preferably made of a ceramic material which has a tightness of a predetermined height. The tightness is usually characterized by the degree of water absorption, in the preferred embodiment of the tile according to the invention it is provided that the water absorption is less than 3%. The tile is therefore essentially made of the same materials as building ceramics, which can be used outdoors.
Die erfindungsgemäße Fliese kann weiterhin so ausgestaltet sein, daß sie plattenförmig ausgebildet ist und in ihrer Form üblichen Fliesen angepaßt ist. Die Fliese kann rechteckig sein, sie kann jedoch auch mit beliebigen sonstigen Geometrien hergestellt werden.The tile according to the invention can also be designed in such a way that it is plate-shaped and the shape of customary tiles is adapted. The tile can be rectangular, but it can also be made with any other geometries.
Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels in Verbindung mit der Zeichnung beschrieben. Dabei zeigt:
- Fig. 1
- eine schematische, perspektivische Darstellung eines Teils einer erfindungsgemäß ausgebildeten Fliese.
- Fig. 1
- is a schematic, perspective view of part of a tile designed according to the invention.
Die Fliese umfaßt einen Grundkörper 1, welcher im wesentlichen plattenförmig ausgebildet ist. Bei dem gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel ist der Grundkörper 1 in Form einer rechteckigen Platte ausgestaltet. An der Oberseite des Grundkörpers 1 ist eine rillenartige Oberflächenstruktur 2 vorgesehen, welche zueinander parallele Rillen aufweist, die eine sinusförmige Gestalt haben. Die Fig. 1 zeigt die Oberflächenstruktur 2 nur in schematischer Darstellung. Die sinusförmigen Rillen erstrecken sich über die gesamte Länge bzw. Breite des Grundkörpers 1. Einander gegenüberliegende Ränder 3 des Grundkörpers 1, welche parallel zu den Rillen verlaufen, sind so ausgebildet, daß benachbarte Fliesen so anstruktur nicht beeinträchtigt wird. Bei mehreren, zusammengesetzten Fliesen ergibt sich somit eine gleichmäßige, ungestörte sinusförmige Oberflächenform.The tile comprises a
Die Erfindung ist nicht auf das gezeigte Ausführungsbeispiel beschränkt, vielmehr ergeben sich für den Fachmann im Rahmen der Erfindung vielfältige Abwandlungs- und Modifikationsmöglichkeiten.The invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiment shown, but there are various modification and modification possibilities for the person skilled in the art within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT91106948T ATE100170T1 (en) | 1990-05-03 | 1991-04-29 | TILE. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE9005001U | 1990-05-03 | ||
| DE9005001U DE9005001U1 (en) | 1990-05-03 | 1990-05-03 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0455202A1 true EP0455202A1 (en) | 1991-11-06 |
| EP0455202B1 EP0455202B1 (en) | 1994-01-12 |
Family
ID=6853443
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP91106948A Revoked EP0455202B1 (en) | 1990-05-03 | 1991-04-29 | Tile |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0455202B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE100170T1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE9005001U1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2048524T3 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ES2120857A1 (en) * | 1995-05-29 | 1998-11-01 | Ahmed Gumaa Bushara | Guide system for blind people |
| WO2010037839A1 (en) * | 2008-10-02 | 2010-04-08 | A-Design Ag | Method for navigating a user in a building |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4021958C2 (en) * | 1990-07-10 | 1994-09-29 | Doose Volker | Floor covering construction for guidance |
| DE202005011217U1 (en) * | 2005-07-16 | 2005-10-13 | Teo Industriedesign Gmbh | Movable plate to advance motor movements of Parkinson's Disease sufferers has contour of peaks and troughs whereby facing sides are same or mirror one another enabling plates to be joined seamlessly |
| CN104042429A (en) * | 2014-06-10 | 2014-09-17 | 浙江工业大学 | Urban blind guide system |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1546729A (en) * | 1967-10-10 | 1968-11-22 | Decorative and functional covering element | |
| DE2618529A1 (en) * | 1976-04-28 | 1977-11-10 | August Siebert | Edge strip for motorway edge - has corrugated surface protuberances providing acoustic warning for sleepy driver |
| GB2221234A (en) * | 1988-07-27 | 1990-01-31 | Univ Nottingham | Grooved paving slabs |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1785768U (en) * | 1959-01-31 | 1959-03-26 | Buender Tonwerk Inh H Hensiek | NON-SLIP CLINKER PANEL. |
| DE8438292U1 (en) * | 1984-12-31 | 1985-04-04 | Ostara-Fliesen Gmbh & Co Kg, 4005 Meerbusch | FLOORING TILE |
-
1990
- 1990-05-03 DE DE9005001U patent/DE9005001U1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1991
- 1991-04-29 AT AT91106948T patent/ATE100170T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-04-29 ES ES91106948T patent/ES2048524T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-04-29 EP EP91106948A patent/EP0455202B1/en not_active Revoked
- 1991-04-29 DE DE91106948T patent/DE59100833D1/en not_active Revoked
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1546729A (en) * | 1967-10-10 | 1968-11-22 | Decorative and functional covering element | |
| DE2618529A1 (en) * | 1976-04-28 | 1977-11-10 | August Siebert | Edge strip for motorway edge - has corrugated surface protuberances providing acoustic warning for sleepy driver |
| GB2221234A (en) * | 1988-07-27 | 1990-01-31 | Univ Nottingham | Grooved paving slabs |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ES2120857A1 (en) * | 1995-05-29 | 1998-11-01 | Ahmed Gumaa Bushara | Guide system for blind people |
| WO2010037839A1 (en) * | 2008-10-02 | 2010-04-08 | A-Design Ag | Method for navigating a user in a building |
| AT513140A5 (en) * | 2008-10-02 | 2014-02-15 | Design Ag A | PROCESS FOR TRANSFERING A USER IN A BUILDING |
| AT513140B1 (en) * | 2008-10-02 | 2014-02-15 | Design Ag A | PROCESS FOR TRANSFERING A USER IN A BUILDING |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES2048524T3 (en) | 1994-03-16 |
| DE59100833D1 (en) | 1994-02-24 |
| ATE100170T1 (en) | 1994-01-15 |
| DE9005001U1 (en) | 1990-09-20 |
| EP0455202B1 (en) | 1994-01-12 |
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