Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
  • D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • D06M15/356—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of other unsaturated compounds containing nitrogen, sulfur, silicon or phosphorus atoms
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M13/244—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing sulfur or phosphorus
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M13/244—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing sulfur or phosphorus
  • D06M13/282—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing sulfur or phosphorus with compounds containing phosphorus
  • D06M13/285—Phosphines; Phosphine oxides; Phosphine sulfides; Phosphinic or phosphinous acids or derivatives thereof
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
  • D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • D06M15/285—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated carboxylic acid amides or imides
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
  • D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • D06M15/39—Aldehyde resins; Ketone resins; Polyacetals
  • D06M15/423—Amino-aldehyde resins
  • D06M15/43—Amino-aldehyde resins modified by phosphorus compounds
  • D06M15/431—Amino-aldehyde resins modified by phosphorus compounds by phosphines or phosphine oxides; by oxides or salts of the phosphonium radical
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
  • D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
  • D21H21/34—Ignifugeants
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D21H25/00—After-treatment of paper not provided for in groups D21H17/00 - D21H23/00
  • D21H25/04—Physical treatment, e.g. heating, irradiating
  • D21H25/06—Physical treatment, e.g. heating, irradiating of impregnated or coated paper

Definitions

• This invention relates to a fabric treatment process, in particular one rendering fabrics flame retardant with organo phosphorus compounds.
• THP compounds tetra kis (hydroxymethyl) phosphonium compounds
• precondensates thereof with urea has been described in USP2983623, 4068026, 4078101, 4145463 and 4494951.
• the treatment processes involved impregnation of the fabric with an aqueous solution of the chemicals, followed by drying, treatment with ammonia to cure the phosphorus compounds in order to insolubilize the phosphorus onto the fabric, finally with oxidation and washing to leave a treated fabric whose flame resistance is retained even after many washes in use.
• the cure efficiency which is a measure of the effectiveness of the cure in insolubilizing the phosphorus on the fabric, is not always ideal and a percentage of the expensive phosphorus chemicals applied in the impregnation step is not cured and is washed off the fabric after the cure and wasted.
• the cure efficiency for cotton fabrics is higher than for cotton polyester fabrics and especially polyester cotton fabrics and in some cases adequate fire retardant properties cannot be provided to the latter with THP compounds.
• some techniques enable the necessary fire retardant properties to be provided to the fabric when first cured, those properties often diminish significantly on repeated washing.
• the present invention provides a process for the flame retardant treatment of an organic fibrous substrate containing reactive groups, which process comprises impregnating said substrate with a nitrogen containing polymer (or precursor therefor) and with an aqueous solution of an organophosphorus compound, to provide an impregnated substrate which is dried and cured, to give a cured substrate.
• the nitrogen containing polymer may be applied to the substrate at the same time as the organophosphorus compound, but preferably the polymer or precursor is applied in a first step to give a first impregnated substrate and then the organophosphorus compound is applied in a second step.
• the first impregnated substrate is usually maintained to allow the polymer to interact with the substrate before the second step.
• the nitrogen containing polymer is preferably free of P atoms and may be capable of reaction with cellulose on heating eg at 150°C. It is preferably a polyelectrolyte containing a plurality of N atoms (especially in tertiary or quaternary form), which may interrupt a carbon polymeric chain, but preferably are in groups pendant from a hydrocarbon polymeric chain.
• the hydrocarbon polymer backbone is preferably made of structural units derived from mono or di ethylenically unsaturated compounds containing one or more N atoms.
• Examples of mono ethylenically unsaturated compounds are vinyl compounds with a heterocyclic N ring, (such as N- vinyl pyridine, N-vinylpyrrolidine, N-vinyl pyrrolidone and their C-ring alkyl derivatives), and also acrylic and methacrylic compounds with amide or amine groups such as acrylamide, methacrylamide, ammonium acrylate and methacrylate, and their mono, di, tri or tetra N-alkyl derivatives, especially those in which the alkyl group contains 1-6 carbon atoms (such as methyl or ethyl).
• vinyl compounds with a heterocyclic N ring such as N- vinyl pyridine, N-vinylpyrrolidine, N-vinyl pyrrolidone and their C-ring alkyl derivatives
• acrylic and methacrylic compounds with amide or amine groups such as acrylamide, methacrylamide, ammonium acrylate and methacrylate, and their mono, di, tri or
• the polymer may be a homo or copolymer of monomers, each of which contains the N atom or atoms, or may be a copolymer with other N- free ethylenically unsaturated monomers such as acrylic or methacrylic acid or corresponding esters, eg with alkanols of 1-6 carbon atoms.
• the weight proportion of N containing monomers to N-free monomers is usually 50-100:50-0 (eg 70-90:30-10), but especially 80-100:20-0, such as 80-95:20-5.
• the di ethylenically unsaturated compounds are di allyl amines, especially quaternized di allylamine (such as N,N -dialkyl-N, N-diallyl ammonium halides), in which each alkyl group contains 1-6 carbon atoms such as ethyl, isopropyl, propyl or butyl but especially methyl.
• copolymers are those of acrylic acid and acrylamide, and acrylamide and dialkyl diallyl ammonium chloride.
• the nitrogen containing polymer may also contain the N atom in the polymeric backbone and may be made by polymerization involving a ring opening operation (such as the known polymerization of ethylene imine to give polyethylene imine).
• the average molecular weight of the nitrogen containing polymer is usually 10000 - 5 million eg (100000 - 3 million), and it is water soluble, (eg with a solubility in water at 20°C of at least 10g/l) or water dispersible.
• nitrogen containing polymers which may be used are water soluble or water dispersible ones made by condensation polymerization and capable of further condensation with cellulose, such as polyamines, polyamides and polyamine/polyamide epichlorohydrin reaction products.
• a precursor capable of forming the nitrogen containing polymer on heating may be used, in particular a monomer which can be polymerized to form the polymer, eg in situ in the fabric during a drying or dwell time either after one step or after two step impregnation or between impregnations in a two step impregnation (as before herein described), or especially during any heat cure.
• Particularly useful monomers are di ethylenically unsaturated compounds, such as the di allylamine salts mentioned above.
• the monomer may also react with the substrate or the organophosphorus compound rather than polymerizing to polymer which itself interacts.
• the precursor is preferably added in a first step separate from the organophosphorus treatment.
• the organic fibrous substrate is especially one comprising or consisting essentially of cellulosic fibres.
• the cellulosic fibres are preferably natural cotton, but may be ramie, flax, paper or cardboard or regenerated fibres (e.g. viscose or cuprammonium fibres) or partly etherified or esterified cellulose (e.g. cellulose acetate or propionate).
• the substrate may be substantially completely cellulosic eg 100% cotton or may contain both cellulosic and non cellulosic organic fibres, or just contain non cellulosic organic fibres eg 100% polyester fibres. Inorganic fibres such as glass fibres are usually absent.
• the non cellulosic fibres are preferably polyester or polyamide fibres but may also be acrylic.
• the polyamide may be an aliphatic one, such as copolymers of a polyamine (such as a diamine) preferably an alkylene diamine, eg of 4-12 carbon atoms and a poly carboxylic acid eg a dicarboxylic acid, of 4-14 carbon atoms such as an alkylene dicarboxylic acid (e.g. Nylon 66), or polylactams such as Nylon 6.
• the polyamide may be an aromatic one, such as aramids based on aromatic dicarboxylic acids and phenylene diamines.
• the acrylic polymer may be polyacrylonitrile homopolymer or copolymer with vinyl chloride, as in modacrylic fibres.
• the substrate can contain at least 20% of cellulosic fibres and up to 80% of coblendable fibres e.g. 10-80% especially 25-80% of coblendable fibres such as polyamides.
• the substrate comprises cellulosic fibres and polyester fibres.
• the substrate usually contains up to 80% (e.g up to 70%) polyester fibres and from 20% (e.g. from 30%) upwards of cellulosic fibres, e.g. 1-80% or 1-70%, such as 15-70% particularly 22-38% or 45-75% polyester fibres and 20-99% or 30-99% (such as 30-85%), particularly 62-78% or 25-55% cellulosic fibres.
• Substrates comprising at least 45% non cellulosic fibres are preferred as are ones comprising 30-78% cellulosic fibres and 22-70% polyester fibres, or 30-62% cellulosic fibres and 38-70% polyester fibres.
• the polyester is usually a condensation product containing structural units from an aliphatic alcohol, e.g. dihydric alcohol, especially ethylene glycol or butane diol (or mixtures thereof) and an aromatic dicarboxylic acid, e.g. terephthalic acid, or a mixture thereof with other dicarboxylic acids, such as isophthalic acid, or sebacic acid.
• the fibrous substrate may be one of the above non cellulosic ones having groups capable of interaction with the cationic compound.
• the substrate may be a polyester, with the cationic polymer interacting with hydroxyl groups, or a polyamide with the cationic polymer interacting with carboxyl or a polyacrylonitrile, with interaction of the cationic polymer with nitrile groups.
• the polyester may be described above, while the polyamide may be a reaction product of a polyamine, e.g. a diamine, e.g. 4-12 carbons, with a polyarboxylic acid, e.g. a dicarboxylic acid of 4-14 carbon atoms.
• the polyacrylonitrile may be a homopolymer or copolymer with vinyl chloride as in modacrylic fibres.
• the substrate fibres may be in the form of thread or non woven fabric, but are preferably as woven fabric.
• Mixtures of fibres e.g. of cellulosic and other fibres may be an intimate or non intimate mixture, but the fibres are preferably in the form of blend of cellulosic fibres and the other fibres, e.g. polyester fibres, as in cospun blends such as cotton polyester or polyester cotton staple fibre, but may be in the form of core spun yarn with a core of the other fibre, e.g. polyester sheathed in cotton fibres.
• the warp and weft fibres are preferably the same, but may be different, e.g. one may be from cotton fibres and the other from e.g. polyester cotton fibres.
• the term "blend” also includes unions and union/blends as well as core sheath fibres.
• the substrate is preferably a fabric with a weight of 0.05-1.0kg/m2 (e.g. 0.150-0.40kg/m2) or 0.05-0.20kg/m2, such as polyester cotton shirting or sheeting or curtain fabric.
• the nitrogen containing polymer (or precursor) is usually applied in aqueous solution or dispersion, e.g. of 0.1-30% (such as 0.2-15%), especially 0.5-4% w/w and at pH 2-9 eg. 2-4.
• the weight of nitrogen containing polymer (or precursor) applied is usually 0.01-20% (e.g. 0.1-10%), especially 0.5-5% based on the weight of the untreated fabric.
• the nitrogen containing polymer (or precursor) may be impregnated into the fabric with a wet pick up of 50-150% and then, after initial drying if desired (e.g.
• the impregnated fabric is then treated by heating at 90-150°C (e.g. 90-130°C) for 0.5-10 minutes (e.g. 1-5 minutes).
• the impregnated fabric may be kept, e.g at ambient temperature for 10-60 hours (e.g 10-30 hours) preferably while being allowed to dry.
• the polymer (or precursor) may be applied with a minimum add-on technique to provide a 10-50% wet pick up; thereafter the fabric may be dried or kept with a dwell time of eg 0.2-24 hours before the second step.
• a foam minimum add on technique may be used, with a cationic or amphoteric foaming agent and a stabilizer.
• the nitrogen containing polymer is believed to interact with the substrate, especially hydroxyl, amide or ester groups thereon, to give a treated substrate having the cationic polymer bound or attracted thereto by ionic bonds.
• each hydroxyorgano group is preferably an alpha -hydroxyorgano group of 1-9 carbons.
• alpha -(hydroxyorgano) group is one of formula HOC- (R1R2), wherein each of R1 and R2 (these being the same or different) represents hydrogen or an alkyl group of 1 to 4 carbons, e.g. methyl, or ethyl.
• R1 is hydrogen
• R2 is methyl or especially hydrogen, as in tetrakis (hydroxymethyl) phosphonium (THP) compounds.
• THP tetrakis hydroxyorgano phosphonium
• the substrate is treated with an impregnation solution which is an aqueous solution of a THP salt mixed with a nitrogen compound condensable therewith to form a water soluble precondensate, or a solution of a precondensate of said salt and nitrogen compound, or a solution of THP salt, or water soluble self-condensate thereof, or at least partly neutralised THP salt, (e.g. THP hydroxide), with or without the nitrogen compound.
• an impregnation solution which is an aqueous solution of a THP salt mixed with a nitrogen compound condensable therewith to form a water soluble precondensate, or a solution of a precondensate of said salt and nitrogen compound, or a solution of THP salt, or water soluble self-condensate thereof, or at least partly neutralised THP salt, (e.g. THP hydroxide), with or without the nitrogen compound.
• the impregnation solution may alternatively comprise a solution of said precondensate and further nitrogen compound (eg urea), as in a solution with a molar ratio of total nitrogen compound (free and combined) to THP group (free and combined) of 0.8-2:1, eg 0.8-1.5:1.
• the nitrogen compound is preferably one with at least two NH groups (such as 2-4), but advantageously contains two NH or especially two NH2 groups.
• the nitrogen compound is usually bifunctional and may be an amine but is especially an amide.
• nitrogen compounds examples include biuret, guanidine, melamine and methylolated melamines, but urea is the preferred species for the purposes of this invention, especially in the absence of melamine or a methylolated melamine.
• the nitrogen compound is preferably urea whenever it is present in the precondensate.
• the solution contains a precondensate of THP salt, e.g. chloride or sulphate, and the nitrogen compound in a molar ratio of nitrogen compound to THP of 0.05-0.8:1, e.g. 0.05-0.6:1, or 0.22-0.8:1, such as 0.25-0.6:1, especially 0.4-0.6:1.
• the pH of said solution is usually 2-7.5, such as 4-6.5, e.g. 4-5.
• the atom ratio of total N atoms in the nitrogen compound or condensate to the total P atoms from THP salt or condensate in the impregnation solution is usually not greater than 4:1, eg 1-3:1.
• the concentration of organophosphorus compound in the aqueous solution may be 5-70% eg 5-35% or 35-70% (expressed by weight as THP+ ion), but is preferably 20-35%.
• the solution may contain a wetting agent such as a nonionic one, eg in amount of 0.05-0.5% by weight of the impregnation solution, a fabric softener such as a polyethylene one and in preferred amount of 0.1-2% by weight, and a salt of a strong acid and weak base (such as an ammonium or alkaline earth metal chloride or nitrate or ammonium acid phosphate) as catalyst for the heat cure, and in amount of 0.1-5% by weight.
• a wetting agent such as a nonionic one, eg in amount of 0.05-0.5% by weight of the impregnation solution
• a fabric softener such as a polyethylene one and in preferred amount of 0.1-2% by weight
• a salt of a strong acid and weak base such as an ammonium or alkaline earth metal chloride or nitrate or ammonium acid phosphate
• the treated substrate is impregnated to give an organo phosphorus pick up of less than 40% e.g. 10-40%, (such as 10-30%) especially 20-30% (as THP ion based on the original weight of the substrate).
• the substrate can be impregnated with solution and the wet substrate e.g. fabric usually squeezed to a wet pick up of 50-130%, e.g. 60-100% (based on the original weight of the substrate).
• the treated substrate may be impregnated with a concentrated impregnation solution via a minimum add-on, eg foam, technique and a 10-50% wet pick up.
• the organophosphorus impregnated substrate is then dried, e.g. to a moisture content of 0-20%, e.g. 5-15% such as about 10%, for subsequent ammonia cure and to substantial dryness for subsequent heat cure (the percentage being derived from the increase in weight of the fabric and the weight of chemicals impregnated).
• the drying may be in a stenter oven or over heated cans e.g. steam cans, and may involve heating at 80-160°C for 10 min to 10 secs e.g. at 100-120°C for 3min to 30 secs .
• the dried substrate is then cured.
• the cure may be by treatment with ammonia, usually gaseous ammonia, which diffuses through the substrate and/or is forced through the substrate, e.g.
• the dried organophosphorus impregnated substrate may be heat cured, e.g. at a temperature of at least 100°C (such as 100-200°C) or 100-180°C (such as 130-170°C) for 10-0.5 minutes e.g. 7-1 minutes.
• the dried substrate may then be heat cured, preferably the drying and heat curing steps are combined with just heating under the heat cure conditions.
• the heat cured fabric is preferably submitted to a humidity equilibration step to allow the fabric to recover its moisture content before the ammoniation.
• the cured substrate usually has a solids add-on (derived from the organo phosphorus impregnation and cure stages) of 10-50%, or 10-40%, (e.g. 10-30%) such as 10-25% or 15-30%, especially 20-30%, (by weight of the original substrate), based on a total organophosphorus compound pick up of 16-36%, e.g. 20-28% (expressed as THP ion on the same basis).
• a solids add-on derived from the organo phosphorus impregnation and cure stages
• the cured substrate is then usually subjected to at least one of the following operations: further insolubilization of the cured resin in the treated substrate, oxidation in order to convert at least some trivalent phosphorus to pentavalent phosphorus in the cured resin, or washing with aqueous base and washing with water.
• the oxidation is preferably by contact with an aqueous solution of an oxidising agent, preferably a peroxy compound, such as aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution e.g. of 0.5-15% concentration, such as 1-5% strength, or sodium perborate solution, e.g. of 1-10% concentration, usually applied in excess, and usually for 0.1-10 mins at 0-40°C.
• an oxidising agent preferably a peroxy compound, such as aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution e.g. of 0.5-15% concentration, such as 1-5% strength, or sodium perborate solution, e.g. of 1-10% concentration, usually applied in excess, and usually for 0.1-10 mins at
• the oxidation may be performed with a gas containing molecular oxygen, preferably air, and particularly with the gas being drawn or blown through the substrate.
• a gas containing molecular oxygen preferably air
• the substrate in the form of fabric can be passed over a vacuum slot or perforated tube though which the gas is blown or sucked.
• the cured substrate may be washed with an aqueous medium, preferably an aqueous solution of base, e.g. sodium carbonate solution and/or rinsed with water.
• an aqueous medium preferably an aqueous solution of base, e.g. sodium carbonate solution and/or rinsed with water.
• the oxidation preferably reduces the residual content of formaldehyde on the cured substrate.
• the cured substrate may simply be rinsed with water or submitted to other operations to reduce its content of water soluble materials. Finally the cured fabric is dried, to give a final substrate.
• the final substrate e.g. fabric can be used for making workwear such as overalls, boiler suits and protective clothing including uniforms, particularly from 30-70% e.g. 55-70% cotton and 70-30% e.g. 45-30% polyester, and household fabrics such as sheets and curtains particularly from 30-70% e.g. 30-60% cotton and 40-70% polyester.
• the initial uptake of THP compound by the substrate in the impregnation may be increased, the cure efficiency may be increased and the loss of cured P compound from the final substrate during washing in use may be reduced.
• the cured substrate of the invention usually has a higher percentage of bound phosphorus and may also have a better handle than the corresponding cured substrate without the initial treatment with the nitrogen containing polymer. There is thus less wastage of phosphorus chemical.
• the flame retardant properties e.g the char length, are usually improved enabling fabrics to pass more severe flammability tests than without the treatment with nitrogen containing polymer (or precursor).
• the final substrate obtained by the process of the invention may also have enough cured and bound phosphorus containing-resin to enable it to reach the exacting flame retardancy standards e.g. BS6249 Part 1 1984 Part B, which may not be passed by the same original substrate cured without the initial treatment with nitrogen containing polymer (or precursor).
• the final substrate obtained by the process of the invention may also have less reduction in strength compared to corresponding substrates without the initial treatment.
• the invention is illustrated in the following Examples in which all the fabrics had been previously submitted to a desizing treatment.
• the reactor contents were stirred at 80°C for 3 hours to leave an emulsion, which was then heated to remove the toluene by distillation with water, with addition of extra water in lieu of the toluene and water distilled.
• the product was a stable aqueous dispersion of the average molecular weight of the polymer was about 1 million.
• the final fabric was then analysed for P and N; it was also tested for flame retardancy before and after washing 40 times at 93°C, the washing being as in the manner described in DIN 53920 procedure 1 with soft water.
• the test method used was according to BS 5438 (1989) Test 2A. In all cases the fabrics passed the flammability requirements of BS 6249 Index B.
• the analysis results were as follows:
• the fabric passed the ignition test even after the 40 washes.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
• Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)

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• 1990
  • 1990-04-12 GB GB909008421A patent/GB9008421D0/en active Pending
• 1991
  • 1991-04-02 EP EP91105141A patent/EP0451664A1/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 1991-04-02 GB GB9106802A patent/GB2244068B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1991-04-03 CA CA002039624A patent/CA2039624A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1991-04-05 ZA ZA912553A patent/ZA912553B/xx unknown
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  • 1991-04-11 FI FI911742A patent/FI911742A/fi not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1991-04-11 AU AU74283/91A patent/AU7428391A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1991-04-11 NO NO91911430A patent/NO911430L/no unknown
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  • 1991-04-12 CN CN91102525A patent/CN1055780A/zh active Pending
  • 1991-04-12 KR KR1019910005860A patent/KR920005741A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
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  • 1991-04-12 JP JP3080087A patent/JPH04222277A/ja active Pending
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  • 1991-04-12 HU HU911223A patent/HUT57292A/hu unknown

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