EP0451449B1 - Method of smoothing a paper or cardboard web coated on both sides - Google Patents

Method of smoothing a paper or cardboard web coated on both sides Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0451449B1
EP0451449B1 EP91101319A EP91101319A EP0451449B1 EP 0451449 B1 EP0451449 B1 EP 0451449B1 EP 91101319 A EP91101319 A EP 91101319A EP 91101319 A EP91101319 A EP 91101319A EP 0451449 B1 EP0451449 B1 EP 0451449B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
web
gap
treatment
sides
gloss
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP91101319A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0451449A1 (en
Inventor
Harald Hess
Rüdiger Dr. Kurtz
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Sulzer Escher Wyss GmbH
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Sulzer Escher Wyss GmbH
Escher Wyss GmbH
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Publication of EP0451449A1 publication Critical patent/EP0451449A1/en
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21G—CALENDERS; ACCESSORIES FOR PAPER-MAKING MACHINES
    • D21G1/00—Calenders; Smoothing apparatus
    • D21G1/006—Calenders; Smoothing apparatus with extended nips

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method of the type described in the preamble of claim 1.
  • Smoothing the smoothing treatment, is usually the last stage in the manufacturing process of paper or cardboard.
  • Devices such as so-called smoothing units or super calenders are used for this. They are used for two-sided or even one-sided smoothness treatment of the paper or cardboard web.
  • smoothing units with so-called hard and soft treatment gaps, with the hard surfaces delimiting the treatment gap on both sides being practically rigid, and with the soft at least on one side of the gap a resiliently elastic surface is used. The hard surfaces are often heated.
  • a device with soft treatment gaps is, for example, the applicant's NipcoMat smoothing unit (trademark). This can be provided with one or more treatment columns.
  • the surfaces delimiting the treatment gaps are usually formed by rolling with metal-hard or resiliently coated surfaces.
  • the one roll stack has a deflection-controllable soft center roll, which can optionally interact with a soft roll or a heated hard roll, while the other roll stack has a heated hard roll, which can optionally be operated with a deflection-controllable one soft roller or can interact with a deflection-controllable hard roller.
  • the parameters are chosen so that the paper web is subjected to a matt treatment in the gap delimited on both sides by soft rollers. A smoothing treatment with heating on one side takes place in the gap delimited by hard rollers.
  • a matting treatment preceding the smoothing treatment is said to be unusual. If the paper web is passed in succession through the two gaps delimited by a soft and a hard roller, a gloss treatment is first obtained on one side and then a gloss treatment on the other side.
  • the invention is intended to provide a method for smoothing - in particular a paper or cardboard web coated on both sides - in which a smoothness increase and the highest possible level of gloss can be achieved for the finished product, in the same way on the two treated sides of the web .
  • the device provided for carrying out is intended to offer possibilities for the respective optimization of the process also during operation.
  • the first - "soft" gap In the case of two treatment gaps, a surface quality that is already remarkable is generated in the first - "soft" gap when using surfaces coated with a material having a comparatively high modulus of elasticity and using a high treatment pressure on both sides of the web both smooth and shiny.
  • the dynamic modulus of elasticity of the elastic material should advantageously be in the range between 2000 and 10,000 N / mm2 in the radial direction.
  • the smoothness and gloss values achieved in the first gap are increased considerably and are retained on the finished product.
  • the web has the same smoothness and gloss on both sides.
  • a paper or cardboard web 1 to be treated on both sides A and B and coated on both sides is passed through a first gap 2 at a corresponding running speed.
  • the gap 2 is formed between two rotatable rollers 4 and 6, which have flexible cylindrical surfaces 5 and 7, respectively. These are surfaces of an elastically flexible material layer which, in order to be able to work in the gap 2 with a correspondingly high surface pressure, has a high modulus of elasticity. For the same reason, it is advantageous if the smallest possible diameter is chosen for the rollers 4 and 6.
  • the surfaces 5 and 7 are adjustable perpendicular to the web 1 to generate the pressure in the gap 2.
  • at least one of the rollers 4 and 6 can be equipped with pressure-adjustable support elements 12, e.g. with the well-known Nipco elements.
  • the advantage of the first "soft" gap is the even compression of the paper web between the resilient, elastic coatings of the rollers. As a result, there is no overpressure at points with a higher basis weight of the web.
  • the web 1 treated in the first gap 1 is driven through a further gap 3 downstream in the running direction of the web at the same running speed as before.
  • This gap 3 is formed between two rotatable rollers 8 and 10, which are made, for example, of cast iron and have a hard cylindrical surface 8 and 11, respectively.
  • pressure and heat are applied to both sides A and B of the web.
  • the heat transfer surface is advantageously kept as large as possible by selecting the largest possible roller diameter.
  • At least one of the rollers 8 and 10 can be provided with known Nipco support elements 12.
  • the other roller could, for example, be a conventional, adjustable thermal roller.
  • the rollers 8 and 10 can thus be heated and regulated.
  • the Nipco support elements can also advantageously be used in a known manner, which are fed in a regulatable manner for the case with heat-carrying pressure medium.
  • controllability of the heating enables the method to be adapted to achieve the desired treatment results: e.g. an asymmetrical heating can reduce the smoothness and glossy two-sidedness of the two sides A and B of the web 1.
  • the second level of smoothing in the gap 3 brings about an increase in the quality of the web 1 already achieved in the previous gap 2 on the two sides A and B. After this treatment, higher values in terms of smoothness and gloss than in each case are found reached in gap 2 and remain in the end product.
  • the controllability of the heating should also offer correction options in zone-by-zone heating across the width of the web.
  • the pressure in the second gap 3 should be as low as possible in order to avoid local compression of the web. However, a relatively high temperature should be used for this. Therefore, as mentioned above, a large heat transfer area must also be provided in the gap 3. In addition to the smooth surface, large roller surfaces promote the gloss in particular.
  • the invention does not exclude the cases where more than one column of the type of column 2 or 3 described is arranged in succession. In any case, the "soft" column (type gap 2) must be arranged first, then the "hard” column (type gap 3).
  • a smoothing unit according to the invention is shown, in which the surfaces delimiting the respective gap 2 or 3 are formed by circumferential bands guided through the gap.
  • the web 1 is guided through the first gap 2 between surfaces of the belts 13 and 14 which run through the gap and rotate during operation. They are resilient, at least on their side facing the web 1. Due to the elastic flexibility of the band 13 or 14, local overpressures in the web are largely avoided.
  • Both belts 13 and 14 can be of equivalent design and can be driven at the same speed. In this gap 2, primarily pressure is acted on the web. The pressure is generated with pressure-adjustable support elements 12. The web 1 is then guided from the gap 2 through the gap 3 arranged downstream in the running direction.
  • the web 1 is guided between surfaces of the steel strips 15 and 16 which are guided through the gap 3 and have hard surfaces rotating during operation.
  • the running speed of the web 1 in the gap 3, which is given by the rotational speed of the belts 15 and 16, is the same as that of the web in the preceding gap 2.
  • the pressure is generated via adjustable support elements 12, the forces of which act on the belts.
  • the Nipco elements already mentioned are used with advantage.
  • the belts 15 and 16 are also heated via the support elements 12, which are fed with heat-carrying medium for this purpose. The heating can also be imagined with other means, e.g. with inductive heating.
  • This gap 3 can also be made longer in the running direction.
  • the "long" gap 3 results in a longer dwell time for the web 1 as it passes through the gap. This makes it possible to drive in the gap with low pressure, which further reduces the risk of local overpressures in this gap.
  • the selection of low pressures is also possible because the Heat transfer surface gives an advantageous heat transfer to the web 1, whereby the smoothness and in particular the gloss formation are favored. There is no loss of gloss in this gap 3.
  • Different treatment of the two web sides A / B is also possible here by asymmetrical heating of the belts 15 and 16.
  • FIG. 3 shows a third example of a smoothing unit for carrying out the method. It can be advantageous to have the first gap 2 between two resiliently elastically coated rollers 4 and 6, as described in FIG. 1, and the second gap 3 between two circumferential surfaces, which have a hard, practically unyielding surface, as in the case of those in FIG. 2 described tapes 15, 16 to form.
  • the first gap 2 could be formed between elastic, resiliently coated bands; the second gap 3 would - as shown in Fig. 1 - between two heated, hard rollers of large diameter. This variant was not shown in the drawing because it is easy to imagine.
  • the process is not limited to the smoothing of paper or cardboard webs coated on both sides. It is possible, according to the invention, to smooth even uncoated or unilaterally coated webs with good results.

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  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)

Abstract

To achieve desired treatment results at both sides of a material web to be calendered, the material web is initially guided through a first nip formed between yieldable elastic surfaces confronting the throughpassing material web. In the first nip there is predominantly applied a relatively high pressure to the material web. Then the material web is guided through a successively arranged second nip formed between practically non-yieldable hard surfaces confronting the throughpassing material web. In the second nip there is applied, apart from pressure, in particular heat to the material web. The treatment result achieved in the first nip, namely the smoothness and glaze values of the treated material web, are augmented at both sides of the material web to achieve desired treatment effects.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren der im Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1 beschriebenen Art.The invention relates to a method of the type described in the preamble of claim 1.

Das Glätten, die Glättbehandlung, ist meist die letzte Verfahrensstufe im Herstellungsprozeß von Papier oder Karton. Hierzu werden Vorrichtungen, wie z.B. sogenannte Glättwerke oder Superkalander verwendet. Sie dienen zur zweiseitigen oder auch nur einseitigen Glättebehandlung der Papier- oder Kartonbahn. Es gibt Glättwerke mit sogenannten harten und weichen Behandlungsspalten, wobei bei den harten die den Behandlungsspalt beiderseits begrenzenden Flächen praktisch unnachgiebig hart sind und bei den weichen mindestens an einer Seite des Spaltes eine nachgiebig elastische Fläche angewandt wird. Die harten Flächen werden oft beheizt. Eine Vorrichtung mit weichen Behandlungsspalten ist z.B. das NipcoMat-Glättwerk (Warenzeichen) der Anmelderin. Dieses kann mit einem oder auch mehreren Behandlungsspalten versehen sein. Die die Behandlungsspalten begrenzenden Flächen werden üblicherweise durch Walzen mit metallharten bzw. nachgiebig elastisch beschichteten Oberflächen gebildet. Es sind auch Glättwerke vorgeschlagen worden, in welchen der Behandlungsspalt zwischen umlaufenden Bändern gebildet wird. Diesbezüglich wird auf die DE-OS/P 39 20 204 der Anmelderin hingewiesen. Das beidseitige Glätten von beidseitig gestrichenem Papier oder Karton erfolgt meist in mindestens zwei hintereinander angeordneten weichen Behandlungsspalten, wobei jede Bahnseite sowohl an harten als auch an elastischen, weichen Walzen behandelt wird. Bei nur zwei Behandlungsspalten kommt dann im ersten Spalt die eine Seite mit einer harten Walze und die andere Seite mit einer weichen Walze in Berührung. In dem zweiten Spalt kommt die vorher von der harten Walze behandelte Seite mit einer weichen Walze, und die andere Seite, die vorher die weiche Walze kontaktiert hatte, mit einer harten Walze in Kontakt. Ein festgestellter Nachteil dieser Verfahren ist, daß, insbesondere bei den Hochglanzsorten der Papiere oder Kartons, der einmal durch Kontakt mit heißen, harten Oberflächen der beheizten Walzen erreichte hohe Glanzwert der einen Seite im Folge-Spalt beim Kontakt mit Walzen mit nachgiebig elastischer Oberfläche wieder reduziert wird.Smoothing, the smoothing treatment, is usually the last stage in the manufacturing process of paper or cardboard. Devices such as so-called smoothing units or super calenders are used for this. They are used for two-sided or even one-sided smoothness treatment of the paper or cardboard web. There are smoothing units with so-called hard and soft treatment gaps, with the hard surfaces delimiting the treatment gap on both sides being practically rigid, and with the soft at least on one side of the gap a resiliently elastic surface is used. The hard surfaces are often heated. A device with soft treatment gaps is, for example, the applicant's NipcoMat smoothing unit (trademark). This can be provided with one or more treatment columns. The surfaces delimiting the treatment gaps are usually formed by rolling with metal-hard or resiliently coated surfaces. Smoothing units have also been proposed in which the treatment gap is formed between circulating belts. In this regard, reference is made to DE-OS / P 39 20 204 by the applicant. The double-sided smoothing of paper or cardboard coated on both sides usually takes place in at least two soft treatment gaps arranged one behind the other, each web side being treated both on hard and on elastic, soft rollers. If there are only two treatment gaps, then in the first gap one side comes into contact with a hard roller and the other side with a soft roller. In the second nip, the side previously treated by the hard roller comes into contact with a soft roller and the other side, which had previously contacted the soft roller, comes into contact with a hard roller. A noted disadvantage of this method is that, particularly in the case of the high-gloss grades of paper or cardboard, the contact with hot, hard surfaces heated rollers achieved high gloss value of one side in the subsequent gap when contact with rollers with a resilient elastic surface is reduced again.

Aus GB-A-2 220 011 ist ferner eine Kalanderanordnung mit zwei in Laufrichtung der Papierbahn aufeinanderfolgenden Walzenstapeln bekannt. Damit ohne Umbauarbeiten verschiedene Behandlungen der Papierbahn durchgeführt werden können, weist der eine Walzenstapel eine durchbiegungssteuerbare weiche Mittelwalze auf, die wahlweise mit einer weichen Walze oder einer beheizten harten Walze zusammenwirken kann, während der andere Walzenstapel eine beheizte harte Walze aufweist, die wahlweise mit einer durchbiegungssteuerbaren weichen Walze oder mit einer durchbiegungssteuerbaren harten Walze zusammenwirken kann. Die Parameter sind so gewählt, daß die Papierbahn in dem beidseitig von weichen Walzen begrenzten Spalt eine Mattbehandlung erfährt. In dem von harten Walzen begrenzten Spalt erfolgt eine Glättungsbehandlung bei einseitiger Beheizung. Hieran kann sich eine Mattbehandlung anschließen. Eine der Glättungsbehandlung vorangehende Mattbehandlung wird als unüblich bezeichnet. Wird die Papierbahn nacheinander durch die beiden von einer weichen und einer harten Walze begrenzten Spalte geleitet, erhält man zunächst eine Gloss-Behandlung auf der einen Seite und anschließend eine Gloss-Behandlung auf der anderen Seite.From GB-A-2 220 011 a calender arrangement with two successive roll stacks in the direction of travel of the paper web is also known. So that various treatments of the paper web can be carried out without conversion work, the one roll stack has a deflection-controllable soft center roll, which can optionally interact with a soft roll or a heated hard roll, while the other roll stack has a heated hard roll, which can optionally be operated with a deflection-controllable one soft roller or can interact with a deflection-controllable hard roller. The parameters are chosen so that the paper web is subjected to a matt treatment in the gap delimited on both sides by soft rollers. A smoothing treatment with heating on one side takes place in the gap delimited by hard rollers. This can be followed by a matt treatment. A matting treatment preceding the smoothing treatment is said to be unusual. If the paper web is passed in succession through the two gaps delimited by a soft and a hard roller, a gloss treatment is first obtained on one side and then a gloss treatment on the other side.

Durch die Erfindung soll ein Verfahren zum Glätten - insbesondere einer beidseitig gestrichenen Papier- bzw. Kartonbahn - angeboten werden, bei welchem für das Fertigprodukt eine Glättesteigerung und ein möglichst hohes Glanzniveau erreicht werden kann, und zwar in gleicher Weise auf den beiden behandelten Seiten der Bahn. Die zum Durchführen vorgesehene Vorrichtung soll Möglichkeiten zur jeweiligen Optimierung des Vorgangs auch beim Betrieb anbieten.The invention is intended to provide a method for smoothing - in particular a paper or cardboard web coated on both sides - in which a smoothness increase and the highest possible level of gloss can be achieved for the finished product, in the same way on the two treated sides of the web . The device provided for carrying out is intended to offer possibilities for the respective optimization of the process also during operation.

Diese Aufgabe ist bei einem Verfahren der eingangs beschriebenen Art erfindungsgemäß durch die im kennzeichnenden Teil des Patentanspruchs 1 angegebenen Maßnahmen erfüllt.This object is achieved according to the invention in a method of the type described in the introduction by the measures specified in the characterizing part of patent claim 1.

Bei zwei Behandlungsspalten wird auf die angegebene Weise bereits in dem ersten - "weichen" - Spalt beim Einsatz von mit einem einen vergleichsweise hohen Elastizitätsmodul aufweisenden Material beschichteten Flächen und unter Anwendung eines hohen Behandlungsdruckes auf beiden Seiten der Bahn eine Oberflächenqualität erzeugt, die schon beachtliche Werte gleichwohl an Glätte wie an Glanz aufweist. Der dynamische Elastizitätsmodul des elastischen Materials sollte in radialer Richtung in vorteilhafter Weise im Bereich zwischen 2000 und 10 000 N/mm² liegen. In dem zweiten - "harten" - Spalt werden die im ersten Spalt erreichten Glätte- und Glanzwerte noch beträchtlich erhöht und bleiben am Fertigprodukt erhalten. Die Bahn weist an beiden Seiten - wie gewünscht - eine gleich hohe Glätte und einen gleich hohen Glanz auf.In the case of two treatment gaps, a surface quality that is already remarkable is generated in the first - "soft" gap when using surfaces coated with a material having a comparatively high modulus of elasticity and using a high treatment pressure on both sides of the web both smooth and shiny. The dynamic modulus of elasticity of the elastic material should advantageously be in the range between 2000 and 10,000 N / mm² in the radial direction. In the second - "hard" - gap, the smoothness and gloss values achieved in the first gap are increased considerably and are retained on the finished product. As desired, the web has the same smoothness and gloss on both sides.

In den Unteransprüchen werden vorteilhafte Ausführungsbeispiele des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens gekennzeichnet.Advantageous exemplary embodiments of the method according to the invention are characterized in the subclaims.

Im folgenden werden der Erfindungsgegenstand und seine Vorteile näher beschrieben und erklärt. Die Beschreibung bezieht sich auf die Zeichnung, in welcher - jeweils schematisch - zeigt:

Fig. 1
ein Beispiel eines Glättwerkes zum Ausführen des Verfahrens und
Fig. 2
ein anderes Beispiel und
Fig. 3
ein drittes Beispiel.
The subject matter of the invention and its advantages are described and explained in more detail below. The description refers to the drawing, in which - each schematically - shows:
Fig. 1
an example of a calender to carry out the method and
Fig. 2
another example and
Fig. 3
a third example.

Eine an ihren beiden Seiten A und B zu behandelnde, beidseitig gestrichene Papier- oder Kartonbahn 1 wird durch einen ersten Spalt 2 mit einer entsprechenden Laufgeschwindigkeit geführt. Der Spalt 2 wird zwischen zwei rotierbaren Walzen 4 und 6 gebildet, die nachgiebig elastische zylindrische Flächen 5 bzw. 7 aufweisen. Diese sind Oberflächen einer elastisch nachgiebigen Materialschicht, welche, um in dem Spalt 2 mit entsprechend hoher Flächenpressung arbeiten zu können, einen hohen Elastizitätsmodul aufweist. Aus dem gleichen Grund ist es vorteilhaft, wenn für die Walzen 4 und 6 möglichst kleine Durchmesser gewählt werden. Die Flächen 5 und 7 sind zum Erzeugen des Druckes im Spalt 2 senkrecht zur Bahn 1 einstellbar. Um ein gewünschtes Linienkraftquerprofil in dem Spalt 2 zu erzeugen, kann mindestens eine der Walzen 4 und 6 mit druck-regulierbaren Stützelementent 12, z.B. mit den bekannten Nipco-Elementen, bestückt sein.A paper or cardboard web 1 to be treated on both sides A and B and coated on both sides is passed through a first gap 2 at a corresponding running speed. The gap 2 is formed between two rotatable rollers 4 and 6, which have flexible cylindrical surfaces 5 and 7, respectively. These are surfaces of an elastically flexible material layer which, in order to be able to work in the gap 2 with a correspondingly high surface pressure, has a high modulus of elasticity. For the same reason, it is advantageous if the smallest possible diameter is chosen for the rollers 4 and 6. The surfaces 5 and 7 are adjustable perpendicular to the web 1 to generate the pressure in the gap 2. In order to produce a desired line force cross profile in the gap 2, at least one of the rollers 4 and 6 can be equipped with pressure-adjustable support elements 12, e.g. with the well-known Nipco elements.

Der Vorteil des ersten "weichen" Spaltes ist die gleichmäßige Verdichtung der Papierbahn zwischen der nachgiebig elastischen Beschichtungen der Walzen. Es treten dadurch keine Überpressungen an Stellen höheren Flächengewichts der Bahn auf.The advantage of the first "soft" gap is the even compression of the paper web between the resilient, elastic coatings of the rollers. As a result, there is no overpressure at points with a higher basis weight of the web.

Die in dem ersten Spalt 1 behandelte Bahn 1 wird durch einen weiteren in Laufrichtung der Bahn nachgeordneten Spalt 3 mit der gleichen Laufgeschwindigkeit wie vorher gefahren. Dieser Spalt 3 ist zwischen zwei rotierbaren Walzen 8 und 10 gebildet, welche z.B. aus Hartguß hergestellt sind und eine harte zylindrische Fläche 8 bzw. 11 aufweisen. In diesem Spalt 3 wird auf die beiden Seiten A und B der Bahn mit Druck und Wärme eingewirkt. Insbesondere zur Begünstigung des Ganzes soll eine möglichst hohe Wärmemenge von diesen Walzen 8 und 10 auf die Bahn 1 übertragen werden. Dazu wird vorteilhafterweise die Wärmeübertragungsfläche durch die Wahl möglichst großer Walzendurchmesser möglichst groß gehalten. Mindestens eine der Walzen 8 und 10 kann mit bekannten Nipco-Abstützelementen 12 versehen sein. Die andere Walze könnte z.B. eine herkömmliche, regulierbare Thermowalze sein. Die Walzen 8 und 10 sind also regulierbar beheizbar. Mit Vorteil können dazu auf bekannte Weise auch die Nipco-Abstützelemente eingesetzt werden, welche für den Fall mit wärmetragendem Druckmittel regulierbar gespeist werden.The web 1 treated in the first gap 1 is driven through a further gap 3 downstream in the running direction of the web at the same running speed as before. This gap 3 is formed between two rotatable rollers 8 and 10, which are made, for example, of cast iron and have a hard cylindrical surface 8 and 11, respectively. In this gap 3, pressure and heat are applied to both sides A and B of the web. In order to favor the whole, the greatest possible amount of heat should be transferred from these rollers 8 and 10 to the web 1. For this purpose, the heat transfer surface is advantageously kept as large as possible by selecting the largest possible roller diameter. At least one of the rollers 8 and 10 can be provided with known Nipco support elements 12. The other roller could, for example, be a conventional, adjustable thermal roller. The rollers 8 and 10 can thus be heated and regulated. To this end, the Nipco support elements can also advantageously be used in a known manner, which are fed in a regulatable manner for the case with heat-carrying pressure medium.

Die Regulierbarkeit der Beheizung ermöglicht die Anpassung des Verfahrens zum Erreichen gewünschter Behandlungsergebnisse: Z.B. kann durch eine asymmetrische Beheizung eine Reduzierung der Glätte- und Glanz-Zweiseitigkeit der zwei Seiten A und B der Bahn 1 erreicht werden.The controllability of the heating enables the method to be adapted to achieve the desired treatment results: e.g. an asymmetrical heating can reduce the smoothness and glossy two-sidedness of the two sides A and B of the web 1.

Die zweite Stufe des Glättens in dem Spalt 3 erbringt eine Erhöhung der bereits in dem vorherigen Spalt 2 erreichten Qualität der Bahn 1 an den beiden Seiten A und B. Nach dieser Behandlung werden jeweils höhere Werte an der Glätte und am Glanz festgestellt, als die bereits im Spalt 2 erreichten und bleiben in dem Endprodukt erhalten. Die Regulierbarkeit der Beheizung soll auch Korrekturmöglichkeiten in zonenweise einstellbare Beheizung über die Breite der Bahn anbieten.The second level of smoothing in the gap 3 brings about an increase in the quality of the web 1 already achieved in the previous gap 2 on the two sides A and B. After this treatment, higher values in terms of smoothness and gloss than in each case are found reached in gap 2 and remain in the end product. The controllability of the heating should also offer correction options in zone-by-zone heating across the width of the web.

In dem zweiten Spalt 3 sollte der Preßdruck möglichst gering sein, um lokales Verdrücken der Bahn zu vermeiden. Dafür soll aber eine relativ hohe Temperatur eingesetzt werden. Deshalb ist auch, wie oben erwähnt, für eine große Wärmeübertragungsfläche im Spalt 3 zu sorgen. Große Walzenoberflächen begünstigen neben der Glatte insbesondere den Glanz.The pressure in the second gap 3 should be as low as possible in order to avoid local compression of the web. However, a relatively high temperature should be used for this. Therefore, as mentioned above, a large heat transfer area must also be provided in the gap 3. In addition to the smooth surface, large roller surfaces promote the gloss in particular.

Die Erfindung schließt nicht die Fälle aus, wo hintereinander mehr als ein Spalt des Typs der beschriebenen Spalte 2 oder 3 angeordnet werden. Auf jeden Fall sind zuerst die "weichen" Spalte (Typ Spalt 2), dann die "harten" Spalte (Typ Spalt 3) anzuordnen.The invention does not exclude the cases where more than one column of the type of column 2 or 3 described is arranged in succession. In any case, the "soft" column (type gap 2) must be arranged first, then the "hard" column (type gap 3).

Es ist auch nicht ausgeschlossen, wenn notwendig, beiderseits entlang der erfindungsgemäßen Behandlungslinie geeignete bekannte Mittel, z.B. zum Befeuchten oder Beheizen der Bahn vor den Spalten bzw. zum Belüften, Kühlen oder Absaugen der Dämpfe nach einem Behandlungsspalt zweckmäßig anzuordnen, die das Erreichen hoher Glätte- und Glanzwerte noch weiter begünstigen können.It is also not excluded, if necessary, on both sides along the treatment line according to the invention suitable known means, for example for moistening or heating the web in front of the gaps or for ventilating, cooling or suctioning off the vapors appropriately after a treatment gap, which can further promote the achievement of high smoothness and gloss values.

Anhand der Fig. 2 ist ein erfindungsgemäßes Glättwerk dargestellt, bei dem die den jeweiligen Spalt 2 oder 3 begrenzenden Flächen von durch den Spalt geführten, umlaufenden Bändern gebildet werden. Die Bahn 1 wird durch den ersten Spalt 2 geführt zwischen Flächen der durch den Spalt geführten, beim Betrieb umlaufenden Bänder 13 und 14. Sie sind, mindestens an ihrer der Bahn 1 zugewandten Seite nachgiebig elastisch. Aufgrund der elastischen Nachgiebigkeit des Bandes 13 bzw. 14 werden lokale Überpressungen in der Bahn weitgehend vermieden. Beide Bänder 13 und 14 können gleichwertig ausgeführt und mit gleicher Geschwindigkeit antreibbar sein. In diesem Spalt 2 wird auf die Bahn vornehmlich mit Druck eingewirkt. Der Druck wird mit druckregulierbaren Abstützelementen 12 erzeugt. Von dem Spalt 2 wird die Bahn 1 anschließend durch den in Laufrichtung nachgeordneten Spalt 3 geführt. Hier wird die Bahn 1 zwischen Flächen der durch den Spalt 3 geführten, beim Betrieb umlaufenden, harte Flächen aufweisenden Stahlbänder 15 und 16 geführt. Die Laufgeschwindigkeit der Bahn 1 in dem Spalt 3, die durch die Umlaufgeschwindigkeit der Bänder 15 und 16 gegeben ist, ist die gleiche, wie die der Bahn in dem davorliegenden Spalt 2. In dem Spalt 3 wird auf die Bahn 1 mit Druck und Wärme eingewirkt. Der Druck wird über regulierbare Abstützelemente 12 erzeugt, deren Kräfte auf die Bänder wirken. Auch hier werden mit Vorteil die bereits oben erwähnten Nipco-Elemente eingesetzt. Das Beheizen der Bänder 15 und 16 erfolgt auch über die Abstützelemente 12, die zu diesem Zweck mit wärmetragendem Medium gespeist werden. Die Beheizung ist auch mit anderen Mittel vorstellbar, z.B. mit einer induktiven Beheizung. Auch dieser Spalt 3 kann in Laufrichtung verlängert gestaltet werden.2, a smoothing unit according to the invention is shown, in which the surfaces delimiting the respective gap 2 or 3 are formed by circumferential bands guided through the gap. The web 1 is guided through the first gap 2 between surfaces of the belts 13 and 14 which run through the gap and rotate during operation. They are resilient, at least on their side facing the web 1. Due to the elastic flexibility of the band 13 or 14, local overpressures in the web are largely avoided. Both belts 13 and 14 can be of equivalent design and can be driven at the same speed. In this gap 2, primarily pressure is acted on the web. The pressure is generated with pressure-adjustable support elements 12. The web 1 is then guided from the gap 2 through the gap 3 arranged downstream in the running direction. Here, the web 1 is guided between surfaces of the steel strips 15 and 16 which are guided through the gap 3 and have hard surfaces rotating during operation. The running speed of the web 1 in the gap 3, which is given by the rotational speed of the belts 15 and 16, is the same as that of the web in the preceding gap 2. In the gap 3, the web 1 is acted on with pressure and heat . The pressure is generated via adjustable support elements 12, the forces of which act on the belts. Here, too, the Nipco elements already mentioned are used with advantage. The belts 15 and 16 are also heated via the support elements 12, which are fed with heat-carrying medium for this purpose. The heating can also be imagined with other means, e.g. with inductive heating. This gap 3 can also be made longer in the running direction.

Aus dem "langen" Spalt 3 ergibt sich eine längere Verweilzeit für die Bahn 1 bei dem Durchlauf durch den Spalt. Dadurch ist möglich, in dem Spalt mit geringem Druck zu fahren, womit das Risiko der lokalen Überpressungen in diesem Spalt weiter reduziert wird. Die Wahl geringer Pressdrücke ist auch schon deshalb möglich, weil die Wärmeübertragungsfläche einen vorteilhaften Wärmeübergang auf die Bahn 1 ergibt, wodurch die Glätte- und insbesondere die Glanzbildung begünstigt werden. Es kommt zu keinem Glanzverlust in diesem Spalt 3. Eine unterschiedliche Behandlung der beiden Bahnseiten A/B ist auch hier durch asymmetrische Beheizung der Bänder 15 und 16 möglich.The "long" gap 3 results in a longer dwell time for the web 1 as it passes through the gap. This makes it possible to drive in the gap with low pressure, which further reduces the risk of local overpressures in this gap. The selection of low pressures is also possible because the Heat transfer surface gives an advantageous heat transfer to the web 1, whereby the smoothness and in particular the gloss formation are favored. There is no loss of gloss in this gap 3. Different treatment of the two web sides A / B is also possible here by asymmetrical heating of the belts 15 and 16.

In Fig. 3 ist ein drittes Beispiel eines Glättwerkes zum Ausführen des Verfahrens dargestellt. Es kann von Vorteil sein, den ersten Spalt 2 zwischen zwei nachgiebig elastisch beschichteten, wie in Fig. 1 beschriebenen Walzen 4 und 6, und den zweiten Spalt 3 zwischen zwei umlaufenden, eine harte, praktisch unnachgiebige Oberfläche aufweisenden, iwie bei den in Fig. 2 beschriebenen Bändern 15, 16 zu bilden.3 shows a third example of a smoothing unit for carrying out the method. It can be advantageous to have the first gap 2 between two resiliently elastically coated rollers 4 and 6, as described in FIG. 1, and the second gap 3 between two circumferential surfaces, which have a hard, practically unyielding surface, as in the case of those in FIG. 2 described tapes 15, 16 to form.

Es ist auch noch eine weitere Kombinationsvariante der in Fig. 1 und 2 beschriebenen Vorrichtungen vorstellbar:
Der erste Spalt 2 könnte zwischen elastisch, nachgiebig beschichteten Bändern gebildet sein; der zweite Spalt 3 würde - wie in Fig. 1 dargestellt - zwischen zwei beheizten, harten Walzen großer Durchmesser gebildet. Diese Variante wurde, weil gut vorstellbar, nicht in der Zeichnung dargestellt.A further combination variant of the devices described in FIGS. 1 and 2 is also conceivable:
The first gap 2 could be formed between elastic, resiliently coated bands; the second gap 3 would - as shown in Fig. 1 - between two heated, hard rollers of large diameter. This variant was not shown in the drawing because it is easy to imagine.

Für gewisse technologische Zwecke kann es vorteilhaft sein, auch die elastisch nachgiebigen Walzen-, bzw. Bänder-Beschichtungen auf mäßige Temperatur mit bekannten Mitteln aufzuheizen.For certain technological purposes, it may be advantageous to heat the elastically compliant roller or strip coatings to moderate temperatures using known means.

Das Verfahren ist nicht nur auf das Glätten von beidseitig gestrichenen Papier- oder Kartonbahnen beschränkt. Es ist möglich, auch ungestrichene oder einseitig gestrichene Bahnen erfindungsgemäß mit guten Ergebnissen zu glätten.The process is not limited to the smoothing of paper or cardboard webs coated on both sides. It is possible, according to the invention, to smooth even uncoated or unilaterally coated webs with good results.

Claims (12)

  1. Method of smoothing a paper or cardboard web (1), especially a coated paper or cardboard web, in at least two consecutive treatment gaps (2 and 3) in the feed direction of the web, thereby giving the web (1) a desired smoothness and a desired gloss on both sides (A and B), characterised in that, in order to achieve the desired treatment effect on both sides (A and B) of the web (1) with respect to the desired smoothness and the desired gloss, the web (1) is first guided through a gap (2) which is formed between flexible, elastic surfaces (5 and 7, or 13 and 14) which are directed towards the web (1) and are adjustable relative to one another, and is then guided through a subsequent gap (3) which is formed between hard surfaces (9 and 11, or 15 and 16) which are directed towards the web (1) and are adjustable relative to one another, an increase in smoothness and gloss being achieved in the first gap (2) on both sides (A and B) of the web (1) by the use of pressure, and the desired end values with respect to smoothness and gloss being produced in the second gap (3) on both sides (A and B) of the web (1) by the use of low pressure and high thermal energy without significant loss of the values achieved by the treatment in the first gap (2).
  2. Method according to claim 1, characterised in that, in the first gap (2), treatment is effected between two rolls (4 and 6) each with a flexible, elastic surface (5 and 7) perpendicular to the web (1) and, in the second gap (3), treatment is effected between two rolls (8 and 10) each with a hard, virtually inflexible surface (9 and 11).
  3. Method according to claim 2, characterised in that, in the second gap (3), treatment is effected between rolls (8 and 10) which have an appropriately large diameter for obtaining advantageous, high heat transfer in the gaps.
  4. Method according to claim 3, characterised in that treatment is effected between rolls (4, 6, 8 and 10), at least some of which are provided with supporting elements (12) the pressure of which can be controlled in order to obtain a desired line pressure in the gaps (2 and 3).
  5. Method according to claim 4, characterised in that at least one of the rolls (8 or 10) is also heated in the second gap (3) via the supporting elements (12) associated therewith.
  6. Method according to claim 2, characterised in that the modulus of elasticity of the material of which the flexible, elastic surfaces (5 and 7) of the rolls (4 and 6) of the first gap (2) are made is as high as possible.
  7. Method according to claim 1, characterised in that, in the first gap (2), treatment is effected between rotating flexible, elastic strips (13 and 14) perpendicular to the web (1), these strips being adjustable by means of supporting elements (12) in order to act on the web (1).
  8. Method according to claim 1, characterised in that, in the second gap (3), treatment is effected between rotating steel strips (15 and 16) which are adjustable by means of supporting elements (12) in order to act on the web (1).
  9. Method according to claim 7, characterised in that the modulus of elasticity of the material of the flexible, elastic strips (13 and 14) associated with the first gap (2) is as high as possible.
  10. Method according to claim 8, characterised in that the steel strips (15 and 16) are also heated via the associated supporting elements (12).
  11. Method according to claim 8, characterised in that the steel strips (15 and 16) are heated inductively.
  12. Method according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterised in that a reduction in the double-sided effect of the smoothness and gloss of sides A and B of the web 1 is achieved by asymmetrical heating.
EP91101319A 1990-04-09 1991-02-01 Method of smoothing a paper or cardboard web coated on both sides Expired - Lifetime EP0451449B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4011394 1990-04-09
DE4011394A DE4011394C1 (en) 1990-04-09 1990-04-09

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EP0451449A1 EP0451449A1 (en) 1991-10-16
EP0451449B1 true EP0451449B1 (en) 1994-09-14

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US (1) US5137678A (en)
EP (1) EP0451449B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE111542T1 (en)
CA (1) CA2039956C (en)
DE (2) DE4011394C1 (en)
FI (1) FI97400C (en)

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Publication number Publication date
FI911668A (en) 1991-10-10
US5137678A (en) 1992-08-11
DE4011394C1 (en) 1991-11-28
ATE111542T1 (en) 1994-09-15
FI911668A0 (en) 1991-04-08
EP0451449A1 (en) 1991-10-16
CA2039956C (en) 1995-04-25
FI97400B (en) 1996-08-30
CA2039956A1 (en) 1991-10-10
FI97400C (en) 1996-12-10
DE59102892D1 (en) 1994-10-20

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