EP0449040B1 - Floor covering - Google Patents

Floor covering Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0449040B1
EP0449040B1 EP91103872A EP91103872A EP0449040B1 EP 0449040 B1 EP0449040 B1 EP 0449040B1 EP 91103872 A EP91103872 A EP 91103872A EP 91103872 A EP91103872 A EP 91103872A EP 0449040 B1 EP0449040 B1 EP 0449040B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
floor covering
cover plates
substructure
fact
anchoring elements
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91103872A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0449040A1 (en
Inventor
Rudi Goldau
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
RUDI GOLDAU GmbH
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RUDI GOLDAU GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by RUDI GOLDAU GmbH filed Critical RUDI GOLDAU GmbH
Priority to AT91103872T priority Critical patent/ATE92987T1/en
Publication of EP0449040A1 publication Critical patent/EP0449040A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0449040B1 publication Critical patent/EP0449040B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C5/00—Pavings made of prefabricated single units
    • E01C5/22—Pavings made of prefabricated single units made of units composed of a mixture of materials covered by two or more of groups E01C5/008, E01C5/02 - E01C5/20 except embedded reinforcing materials
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C5/00—Pavings made of prefabricated single units
    • E01C5/16—Pavings made of prefabricated single units made of metallic units
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • E04F15/06—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements of metal, whether or not in combination with other material

Definitions

  • the invention relates generically to a floor covering, in particular for open spaces and hall floors, with a substructure made of a hardenable or settable material and metallic cover plates which have anchoring elements formed on the circumference and which protrude at an acute angle with respect to the cover surfaces of the cover plates and are anchored in the hardened or set substructure.
  • the invention has for its object to avoid the aforementioned disadvantage of the generic floor covering.
  • the invention teaches that the anchoring elements are bent downwards and that the substructure has a lattice-shaped insert made of expanded metal, in whose lattice mesh the anchoring elements engage.
  • the substructure is able to absorb even heavy loads thanks to the grid-shaped insert made of expanded metal.
  • the substructure is preferably made of tar macaque or concrete.
  • a substructure particularly made of tar macaque, forms an effective barrier for environmental toxins, for example PCB.
  • the substructure prevents such environmental toxins from reaching the ground or groundwater. It is within the scope of the invention to seal the floor covering after laying by oil or acid-resistant applications.
  • the cover plates have reinforcing beads projecting on the upper side. Such reinforcing beads increase the torsional rigidity of the cover plates and also contribute to an improvement in the slip resistance.
  • Such an embodiment is particularly suitable as a floor covering for manufacturing halls.
  • the cover plates have a non-slip tread made of plastic or rubber. Rubber wastes, for example from shredder systems, can optionally also be used to produce such coatings.
  • the floor covering according to the invention is suitable for all open spaces and hall floors, as well as for driveways, driveways, parking spaces and parking spaces.
  • the floor covering according to the invention can absorb large loads.
  • Fig. 2 shows a cross section through the floor covering according to the invention, also in sections.
  • the floor covering shown in the figures is intended in particular for open spaces and hall floors. Open space also means driveways, driveways, parking spaces and parking spaces.
  • the floor covering has a substructure 1 made of a hardenable or setable material as well as metallic cover plates 2.
  • the substructure 1 is preferably made of tar macaque or concrete.
  • a comparative view of Figures 1 and 2 reveals that the cover plates 2 have anchoring elements 3 formed on the circumference, which engage in a tooth-like manner and are bent downwards at an acute angle ⁇ and are anchored in the hardened or set substructure 1.
  • the angle .alpha., At which the anchoring elements 3 are bent downward in relation to the cutting surfaces of the baffle plates 2 is expediently in the range between 30 ° and 60 °.
  • the angle ⁇ is preferably 45 °.
  • the substructure 1 has a grid-shaped insert 4 made of expanded metal. It can be seen that the anchoring elements 3 engage in the mesh of the insert 4.
  • the lattice-shaped insert 4 Expanded metal improves the resilience of the floor covering. A further improvement, in particular greater torsional rigidity, can still be achieved if the insert 4 and the cover plates 2 are connected to one another by spot welding.
  • the cover plates 2 have reinforcing beads 5 projecting on the upper side. The reinforcing beads 5 have two functions. The bending stiffness of the cover plates 2 is improved by the reinforcing beads 5.
  • the anchoring elements 3 are designed as tabs with a rectangular shape. They are regularly arranged at the same distance s from one another on the circumference of the cover plates 2. It can be seen from FIG. 1 that a gap 6 between the anchoring elements corresponds to an anchoring element 3 'on the opposite side edge.
  • the cover plates 2 are square and have two tab-shaped anchoring elements 3 on each side edge.
  • the substructure 1 is made, preferably from tar macaque or concrete.
  • the insert 4 made of expanded metal is placed on top and the cover plates 2 are arranged above it. If necessary, the Cover plates 2 spot welded to the insert 4.
  • the support consisting of the expanded metal insert 4 and the cover plates 2
  • the insert 4 and the cover plates 2 are firmly anchored in the substructure 1 by the anchoring elements 3 which are bent downward.
  • the floor covering can now be driven on.
  • the finished floor covering can finally be sealed with an oil or acid resistant coating.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Floor Finish (AREA)
  • Noodles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns a floor covering, particularly for open spaces and the floors of halls, with a substructure made of a hardenable or settable material, as well as metallic cover plates. According to the invention, the cover plates (2) have on their periphery moulded-on anchoring elements (3) which engage with one another in a dentiform manner and which are folded downwards at an acute angle ( alpha ), being anchored in the hardened or set substructure (1). <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich gattungsgemäß auf einen Bodenbelag, insbesondere für Freiflächen und Hallenböden, mit einem Unterbau aus einem aushärtbaren oder abbindefähigen Material sowie metallischen Abdeckplatten, die umfangsseitig angeformte Verankerungselemente aufweisen, die unter einem spitzen Winkel in bezug auf die Deckflächen der Abdeckplatten nach unten abstehen und in dem ausgehärteten oder abgebundenen Unterbau verankert sind.The invention relates generically to a floor covering, in particular for open spaces and hall floors, with a substructure made of a hardenable or settable material and metallic cover plates which have anchoring elements formed on the circumference and which protrude at an acute angle with respect to the cover surfaces of the cover plates and are anchored in the hardened or set substructure.

Ein derartiger Bodenbelag ist aus der US-A-2 242 559 bekannt. Bei diesem Bodenbelag können jedoch trotz der Verzahnung der Verankerungselemente bei hohen Belastungen Verschiebungen der Abdeckplatten relativ zueinander auftreten.Such a floor covering is known from US-A-2 242 559. With this floor covering, however, despite the interlocking of the anchoring elements, the cover plates can shift relative to one another under high loads.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, den vorgenannten Nachteil des gattungsgemäßen Bodenbelages zu vermeiden.The invention has for its object to avoid the aforementioned disadvantage of the generic floor covering.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe lehrt die Erfindung, daß die Verankerungselemente nach unten abgekantet sind und daß der Unterbau eine gitterförmige Einlage aus Streckmetall aufweist, in dessen Gittermaschen die Verankerungselemente eingreifen.To achieve this object, the invention teaches that the anchoring elements are bent downwards and that the substructure has a lattice-shaped insert made of expanded metal, in whose lattice mesh the anchoring elements engage.

Während die Verankerungselemente einen Formschluß zwischen den Abdeckplatten gewährleisten und eine gute Verbindung mit dem Unterbau herstellen, ist der Unterbau durch die gitterförmige Einlage aus Streckmetall in der Lage, auch große Beanspruchungen aufzunehmen.While the anchoring elements ensure a positive fit between the cover plates and establish a good connection with the substructure, the substructure is able to absorb even heavy loads thanks to the grid-shaped insert made of expanded metal.

Eine Verbesserung kann dadurch erreicht werden, daß die Einlage und die Abdeckplatten durch Punktverschweißung miteinander verbunden sind. Die Verlegung des Bodenbelages ist auf einfache Weise möglich, indem die Einlage mit aufgeschweißten Abdeckplatten auf einen noch nicht ausgehärteten oder abgebundenen Unterbau aufgelegt und anschließend festgewalzt wird. Die Arbeiten stellen keine besonderen Anforderungen an das Personal.An improvement can be achieved in that the insert and the cover plates by spot welding are interconnected. The floor covering can be laid in a simple manner by placing the insert with welded-on cover plates on a not yet hardened or set substructure and then rolling it down. The work places no special demands on the staff.

Der Unterbau besteht vorzugsweise aus Teermakadam oder Beton. Ein solcher Unterbau, insbesondere aus Teermakadam, bildet eine wirksame Sperre für Umweltgifte, beispielsweise PCB. Der Unterbau verhindert, daß derartige Umweltgifte ins Erdreich oder Grundwasser gelangen. Im Rahmen der Erfindung liegt es, den Bodenbelag nach der Verlegung durch öl- oder säurebeständige Auftragungen zu versiegeln.The substructure is preferably made of tar macaque or concrete. Such a substructure, particularly made of tar macaque, forms an effective barrier for environmental toxins, for example PCB. The substructure prevents such environmental toxins from reaching the ground or groundwater. It is within the scope of the invention to seal the floor covering after laying by oil or acid-resistant applications.

Soll der Bodenbelag hohe Kräfte aufnehmen, so ist es ferner vorteilhaft, wenn die Abdeckplatten oberseitig vorspringende Verstärkungssicken aufweisen. Derartige Verstärkungssicken erhöhen die Verwindungssteifigkeit der Abdeckplatten und tragen im übrigen zu einer Verbesserung der Rutschfestigkeit bei. Eine derartige Ausführungsform ist insbesondere als Bodenbelag für Fabrikationshallen geeignet. Für viele Anwendungsfälle ist es auch vorteilhaft, wenn nach einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung die Abdeckplatten eine rutschfeste Lauffläche aus Kunststoff oder Gummi aufweisen. Zur Herstellung derartiger Beschichtungen können gegebenenfalls auch Gummiabfälle, beispielsweise aus Shredderanlagen, verwendet werden.If the floor covering is to absorb high forces, it is also advantageous if the cover plates have reinforcing beads projecting on the upper side. Such reinforcing beads increase the torsional rigidity of the cover plates and also contribute to an improvement in the slip resistance. Such an embodiment is particularly suitable as a floor covering for manufacturing halls. For many applications it is also advantageous if, according to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the cover plates have a non-slip tread made of plastic or rubber. Rubber wastes, for example from shredder systems, can optionally also be used to produce such coatings.

Der erfindungsgemäße Bodenbelag ist für sämtliche Freiflächen und Hallenböden geeignet, ebenso für Auffahrten, Zufahrten, Abstellplätze und Parkplätze. Der erfindungsgemäße Bodenbelag kann große Beanspruchungen aufnehmen.The floor covering according to the invention is suitable for all open spaces and hall floors, as well as for driveways, driveways, parking spaces and parking spaces. The floor covering according to the invention can absorb large loads.

Er zeichnet sich aus durch eine gute Haftung zwischen den metallischen Abdeckplatten und dem Unterbau. Ferner sind die Abdeckplatten sicher gegeneinander verzahnt.It is characterized by good adhesion between the metallic cover plates and the substructure. Furthermore, the cover plates are securely interlocked.

Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand einer lediglich ein Ausführungsbeispiel darstellenden Zeichnung ausführlich erläutert. Es zeigen in schematischer DarstellungIn the following, the invention is explained in detail with reference to a drawing that shows only one exemplary embodiment. They show a schematic representation

Fig. 1 einen Ausschnitt aus dem erfindungsgemäßen Bodenbelag in der Draufsicht,1 shows a detail of the floor covering according to the invention in plan view,

Fig. 2 einen Querschnitt durch den erfindungsgemäßen Bodenbelag, ebenfalls ausschnittsweise.Fig. 2 shows a cross section through the floor covering according to the invention, also in sections.

Der in den Figuren dargestellte Bodenbelag ist insbesondere für Freiflächen und Hallenböden bestimmt. Freiflächen meint dabei auch Auffahrten, Zufahrten, Abstellplätze und Parkplätze. Der Bodenbelag weist einen Unterbau 1 aus einem aushärtbaren oder abbindefähigen Material sowie metallische Abdeckplatten 2 auf. Der Unterbau 1 besteht vorzugsweise aus Teermakadam oder Beton. Einer vergleichenden Betrachtung der Figuren 1 und 2 entnimmt man, daß die Abdeckplatten 2 umfangsseitig angeformte Verankerungselemente 3 aufweisen, die zahnförmig ineinandergreifen und unter einem spitzen Winkel α nach unten abgekantet sowie in dem ausgehärteten oder abgebundenen Unterbau 1 verankert sind. Der Winkel α, unter dem die Verankerungselemente 3 im bezug auf die Dechflächen der Abdechplatten 2 nach unten abgekantet sind, liegt zweckmäßigerweise im Bereich zwischen 30° und 60°. Vorzugsweise beträgt der Winkel α 45°. Bei der in Figur 2 dargestellten bevorzugten Ausführungsform weist der Unterbau 1 eine gitterförmige Einlage 4 aus Streckmetall auf. Man erkennt, daß die Verankerungselemente 3 dabei in die Gittermaschen der Einlage 4 eingreifen. Die gitterförmige Einlage 4 aus Streckmetall verbessert die Belastbarkeit des Bodenbelages. Eine weitere Verbesserung, insbesondere eine größere Verwindungssteifigkeit, ist noch erreichbar, wenn die Einlage 4 und die Abdeckplatten 2 durch Punktverschweißung miteinander verbunden sind. Der Figur 2 entnimmt man ferner, daß die Abdeckplatten 2 oberseitig vorspringende Verstärkungssicken 5 aufweisen. Die Verstärkungssicken 5 haben zwei Funktionen. Durch die Verstärkungssicken 5 wird die Biegesteifigkeit der Abdeckplatten 2 verbessert. Ferner führen die in großer Zahl, dicht an dicht angeordneten vorzugsweise noppenförmig ausgebildeten Verstärkungssicken 5 zu einer Verbesserung der Rutschfestigkeit des Bodenbelages. Dies ist vor allem für Bodenbeläge in Fabrikhallen von Wichtigkeit. Für viele Anwendungsfälle kann es auch zweckmäßig sein, die Abdeckplatten 2 mit einer rutschfesten Lauffläche aus Kunststoff oder Gummi zu versehen.The floor covering shown in the figures is intended in particular for open spaces and hall floors. Open space also means driveways, driveways, parking spaces and parking spaces. The floor covering has a substructure 1 made of a hardenable or setable material as well as metallic cover plates 2. The substructure 1 is preferably made of tar macaque or concrete. A comparative view of Figures 1 and 2 reveals that the cover plates 2 have anchoring elements 3 formed on the circumference, which engage in a tooth-like manner and are bent downwards at an acute angle α and are anchored in the hardened or set substructure 1. The angle .alpha., At which the anchoring elements 3 are bent downward in relation to the cutting surfaces of the baffle plates 2, is expediently in the range between 30 ° and 60 °. The angle α is preferably 45 °. In the preferred embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the substructure 1 has a grid-shaped insert 4 made of expanded metal. It can be seen that the anchoring elements 3 engage in the mesh of the insert 4. The lattice-shaped insert 4 Expanded metal improves the resilience of the floor covering. A further improvement, in particular greater torsional rigidity, can still be achieved if the insert 4 and the cover plates 2 are connected to one another by spot welding. It can also be seen from FIG. 2 that the cover plates 2 have reinforcing beads 5 projecting on the upper side. The reinforcing beads 5 have two functions. The bending stiffness of the cover plates 2 is improved by the reinforcing beads 5. Furthermore, the large number of reinforcing beads 5, which are arranged close to one another and are preferably knob-shaped, lead to an improvement in the slip resistance of the floor covering. This is particularly important for floor coverings in factory halls. For many applications, it may also be appropriate to provide the cover plates 2 with a non-slip tread made of plastic or rubber.

Im Ausführungsbeispiel sind die Verankerungselemente 3 als Laschen mit rechteckiger Gestalt ausgebildet. Sie sind in gleichen Abständen s zueinander regelmäßig am Umfang der Abdeckplatten 2 angeordnet. Der Figur 1 entnimmt man, daß jeweils eine Lücke 6 zwischen den Verankerungselementen mit einem Verankerungselement 3' an der gegenüberliegenden Seitenkante korrespondiert. Im Ausführungsbeispiel sind die Abdeckplatten 2 quadratisch und weisen an jeder Seitenkante zwei laschenförmige Verankerungselemente 3 auf.In the exemplary embodiment, the anchoring elements 3 are designed as tabs with a rectangular shape. They are regularly arranged at the same distance s from one another on the circumference of the cover plates 2. It can be seen from FIG. 1 that a gap 6 between the anchoring elements corresponds to an anchoring element 3 'on the opposite side edge. In the exemplary embodiment, the cover plates 2 are square and have two tab-shaped anchoring elements 3 on each side edge.

Die Verlegung des Bodenbelages ist auf einfache Weise möglich. Zunächst wird der Unterbau 1, vorzugsweise aus Teermakadam oder Beton, hergestellt. Bevor der Unterbau ausgehärtet oder abgebunden ist, wird die Einlage 4 aus Streckmetall aufgelegt und die Abdeckplatten 2 darüber angeordnet. Gegebenenfalls werden bei der Verlegung die Abdeckplatten 2 mit der Einlage 4 punktverschweißt. Bei der Verlegung ist darauf zu achten, daß die Gittermaschen der Einlage 4 und die Abdeckplatten 2 parallel zueinander ausgerichtet sind. Bevor der Unterbau 1 ausgehärtet oder abgebunden ist, wird die Auflage, bestehend aus der Streckmetalleinlage 4 und den Abdeckplatten 2, festgewalzt. Nach Aushärtung bzw. vollständiger Abbindung des Unterbaus 1 sind die Einlage 4 sowie die Abdeckplatten 2 durch die nach unten abgekanteten Verankerungselemente 3 in dem Unterbau 1 fest verankert. Der Bodenbelag ist nunmehr befahrbar. Der fertigverlegte Bodenbelag kann schließlich noch durch öl- oder säurebeständige Beschichtung versiegelt werden.It is easy to lay the floor covering. First, the substructure 1 is made, preferably from tar macaque or concrete. Before the substructure has hardened or set, the insert 4 made of expanded metal is placed on top and the cover plates 2 are arranged above it. If necessary, the Cover plates 2 spot welded to the insert 4. When laying, make sure that the mesh of the insert 4 and the cover plates 2 are aligned parallel to each other. Before the substructure 1 has hardened or set, the support, consisting of the expanded metal insert 4 and the cover plates 2, is rolled down. After the substructure 1 has hardened or completely set, the insert 4 and the cover plates 2 are firmly anchored in the substructure 1 by the anchoring elements 3 which are bent downward. The floor covering can now be driven on. The finished floor covering can finally be sealed with an oil or acid resistant coating.

Claims (5)

  1. Floor covering, especially for open areas and hall floors, with a substructure consisting of a heat-treatable or setting material, and with metallic covering plates with moulded anchoring elements (3) on their periphery with dentiform interlocking and which stick out downwards at an acute angle ( ) in relation to the cocering surfaces of the cover plates (2), and which are anchored in the heat-treated or cured/set substructure, characterized by the fact that the anchoring elements (3) are folded downwards and that the substructure (1) is equipped with a latticed reinforcement (4) made of expanded metal with which the anchoring elements (3) mesh.
  2. Floor covering according to patent claim 1, characterized by the fact that the reinforcement (4) and the cover plates (2) are joined to each other by spot welding.
  3. Floor covering according to patent claims 1 or 2, characterized by the fact that the substructure (1) is made of tarmacadam or concrete.
  4. Floor covering according to one of the patent claims 1 to 3, characterized by the fact that the cover plates (2) on their upper sides are provided with protruding stiffening beads (5).
  5. Floor covering according to one of the patent claims 1 to 4, characterized by the fact that the cover plates (2) are provided with a non-skid walkway made of plastics or rubber material.
EP91103872A 1990-03-28 1991-03-14 Floor covering Expired - Lifetime EP0449040B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT91103872T ATE92987T1 (en) 1990-03-28 1991-03-14 FLOORING.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4009885A DE4009885A1 (en) 1990-03-28 1990-03-28 FLOORING
DE4009885 1990-03-28

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0449040A1 EP0449040A1 (en) 1991-10-02
EP0449040B1 true EP0449040B1 (en) 1993-08-11

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91103872A Expired - Lifetime EP0449040B1 (en) 1990-03-28 1991-03-14 Floor covering

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EP (1) EP0449040B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE92987T1 (en)
DE (2) DE4009885A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2045971T3 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8505884B2 (en) 2007-03-20 2013-08-13 IFP Energies Nouvelles Packing structure for fluid containing column and manufacturing method

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE9404641U1 (en) * 1994-03-18 1994-05-19 Kemmerich Gmbh Geb Sheet steel base plate
FR2784124A1 (en) 1998-10-06 2000-04-07 Jean Levavasseur Hollow plastic wall or floor construction component comprises a hollow block molded from at least one recycled plastic material with inner partitions perpendicular to the closed upper face
ES2162598B1 (en) * 2000-03-23 2002-08-01 Marcarlo Esteban Serret PREFABRICATED PAVEMENT PLATE.
EP1217145A1 (en) * 2000-12-21 2002-06-26 TWB Presswerk GmbH. &amp; Co. KG. Flooring tile and method for the manufacture of a floor covering using flooring tiles
ATE327385T1 (en) * 2002-03-07 2006-06-15 Twb Presswerk Gmbh & Co Kg FLOOR ELEMENT AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING A FLOOR COVERING USING FLOOR ELEMENTS
FR3040894A1 (en) 2015-09-15 2017-03-17 Ifp Energies Now OPTIMIZED TRIM STRUCTURE FOR FLUID CONTACT COLUMN AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURE
RU2739818C1 (en) * 2020-06-25 2020-12-28 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Тверской государственный технический университет" (ТвГТУ) Road plate
RU2760668C1 (en) * 2021-04-28 2021-11-29 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Тверской государственный технический университет" (ТвГТУ) Road slab

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR489289A (en) * 1918-03-15 1919-01-11 George Anderson Rubber paving, for pavements and other applications
US2242559A (en) * 1939-08-12 1941-05-20 Interlake Iron Corp Cast iron pavement
US2294582A (en) * 1939-11-14 1942-09-01 Francis C Sullivan Paving block
DE2236057A1 (en) * 1972-07-22 1974-02-07 Kaspar Klaus DRIVING AREA FOR MECHANICAL PARKING EQUIPMENT, RAMPS, LIFTS OR THE SAME

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8505884B2 (en) 2007-03-20 2013-08-13 IFP Energies Nouvelles Packing structure for fluid containing column and manufacturing method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0449040A1 (en) 1991-10-02
DE4009885C2 (en) 1993-01-21
DE59100269D1 (en) 1993-09-16
ATE92987T1 (en) 1993-08-15
ES2045971T3 (en) 1994-01-16
DE4009885A1 (en) 1991-10-02

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