EP0445474A2 - Insassenrückhaltesystem und darin verwendbarer Wirkstoff - Google Patents

Insassenrückhaltesystem und darin verwendbarer Wirkstoff Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0445474A2
EP0445474A2 EP90314443A EP90314443A EP0445474A2 EP 0445474 A2 EP0445474 A2 EP 0445474A2 EP 90314443 A EP90314443 A EP 90314443A EP 90314443 A EP90314443 A EP 90314443A EP 0445474 A2 EP0445474 A2 EP 0445474A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
available
composition
convert
present
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP90314443A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0445474B1 (de
EP0445474A3 (en
Inventor
Robert S. Scheffee
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Atlantic Research Corp
Original Assignee
Atlantic Research Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Atlantic Research Corp filed Critical Atlantic Research Corp
Publication of EP0445474A2 publication Critical patent/EP0445474A2/de
Publication of EP0445474A3 publication Critical patent/EP0445474A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0445474B1 publication Critical patent/EP0445474B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
    • B60R21/02—Occupant safety arrangements or fittings, e.g. crash pads
    • B60R21/16—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
    • B60R21/02—Occupant safety arrangements or fittings, e.g. crash pads
    • B60R21/16—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags
    • B60R21/26—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags characterised by the inflation fluid source or means to control inflation fluid flow
    • B60R21/268—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags characterised by the inflation fluid source or means to control inflation fluid flow using instantaneous release of stored pressurised gas
    • B60R21/272—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags characterised by the inflation fluid source or means to control inflation fluid flow using instantaneous release of stored pressurised gas with means for increasing the pressure of the gas just before or during liberation, e.g. hybrid inflators
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
    • C06B45/04—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive
    • C06B45/06—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive the solid solution or matrix containing an organic component
    • C06B45/10—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive the solid solution or matrix containing an organic component the organic component containing a resin
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06D—MEANS FOR GENERATING SMOKE OR MIST; GAS-ATTACK COMPOSITIONS; GENERATION OF GAS FOR BLASTING OR PROPULSION (CHEMICAL PART)
    • C06D5/00—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets
    • C06D5/06—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets by reaction of two or more solids

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an occupant restraint system for vehicles sometimes called an "air bag” and a composition of matter useful to generate the gas necessary to inflate the bag.
  • Occupant restraint systems are well known in the art as described for example in United States Patent 3,723,205.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an improved composition of matter useful to generate the gas to inflate an air bag wherein the composition does not have the disadvantages of prior compositions.
  • An additional object is to provide a composition which is stable during storage for long periods of time, which does not pick up water, which does not burn more slowly after storage and which does not exhibit other undesirable changes during storage.
  • Another object is to provide an improved gas-generating composition of matter which upon burning, produces less carbon monoxide than prior compositions.
  • Still another object is to provide an improved composition that burns at a lower temperature than prior compositions.
  • an apparatus for minimizing injury to vehicle occupants in the event of sudden deceleration of the vehicle comprises:
  • the apparatus 10 is useful for minimizing injury to the occupants of a vehicle if the vehicle suddenly decelerates.
  • the apparatus 10 comprises an uninflated, inflatable bag 12 and a replaceable cartridge 14.
  • the cartridge 14 comprises a container 16. Within the container 16 is a high pressure, inert gas 18 and a gas-generating composition 20 housed in the propellant case 17.
  • the apparatus 10 also has an igniter 22 and squib 23 in series with a deceleration-responsive switch 24 and a power source 26.
  • the igniter 22 is adjacent to the composition 20.
  • the igniter 22 forces hot gases through the holes 28, 29, 30 (see Figure 3) in the composition 20.
  • the squib 23 is energized simultaneously with the igniter 22, and ruptures the burst disc 37 venting the cylinder.
  • the composition 20 then burns creating combustion products which rupture the disc 31 and pass through the orifice 32 into the mixing zone 34. In the zone 34 these combustion products mix with the inert gas 18.
  • the resultant hot mixture passes through the filter 36, through the orifices 38, 40 and into an intermediate chamber 42.
  • the gasses pass from the intermediate chamber 42 through the diverter orifices 44, 46, 48, 50 and into the gas distribution chamber 52.
  • orifices 54, 55, 56 are aligned in the apparatus 10 with a passage (not shown) which directs the gasses to the bag 12 causing it to inflate.
  • the inert gas useful in the present invention can be nitrogen, helium or argon or mixtures thereof. Argon is preferred because of cost, availability and nonreactivity.
  • the pressure of the inert gas in the zone 34 can vary widely but is generally between about 140 and 710 kg/m2 (1000 to 5000 psi), but is preferably 355 to 500 kg/m2 (2500 to 3500 psi).
  • composition of matter of the present invention includes an inorganic oxidizer salt selected from the group consisting of: alkali metal chlorates, alkali metal perchlorates, alkaline earth metal chlorates, alkaline earth metal perchlorates and mixtures thereof.
  • the oxidizer is present in an amount at least sufficient to convert all available carbon to carbon dioxide and to convert all available hydrogen to water and to fully oxidize all available metal to its primary oxide.
  • available metal means that amount of the metal which does not react with chlorine to form its chloride.
  • the primary oxide of a metal is that oxide containing the greatest amount of oxygen.
  • ZrO2 is the primary oxide of zirconium since it contains more oxygen than does ZrO or for that matter any other oxide of zirconium.
  • available halogen means the halogen such as the chlorine released by the polyvinyl chloride but not the halogen in any alkali metal oxidizer salt present.
  • oxidizer salts which produce available halogen are the alkaline earth metal chlorates and alkaline earth metal perchlorates and strontium perchlorate in particular.
  • the lithium carbonate is present in the composition in an amount at least sufficient to convert all available halogen to lithium halide. An excess of lithium carbonate is not harmful.
  • the molar ratio of lithium carbonate to available halogen is 1:1 to 1.3:1.
  • polyvinyl chloride as used herein includes both the homopolymer and an interpolymer containing up to about ten percent (10%) by weight of a copolymerizable component such as vinyl acetate or vinylidene chloride.
  • a copolymerizable component such as vinyl acetate or vinylidene chloride.
  • the polyvinyl chloride is essentially fully polymerized and is employed in the form of plastisol-grade spheroidal particles.
  • plasticizers compatible with polyvinyl chloride can be employed.
  • plasticizers are well known in the art.
  • the plasticizer is of the type suitable for fluid plastisol formation, as for example, alkyl and alkoxyalkyl adipates, sebacates, and phthalates. Specific examples include dibutyl sebacate, dioctyl sebacate, dibutyl phthalate, dioctyl-phthalate, dimethoxyethyl phthalate, dibutyl adipate, dioctyl adipate, di(3,5,5-trimethylhexyld adipate.
  • Other plasticizers include glycol esters of higher fatty acids.
  • the plastisol-forming plasticizers are high boiling solvents for the polyvinyl chloride which form fluid suspensions with the particles of polyvinyl chloride at ordinary temperatures because of the low solubility at such temperatures and dissolve the polyvinyl chloride at elevated temperatures to form a solid gel.
  • the preferred weight ratio of polyvinyl chloride to plasticizer is generally from about 1:5 to 5:1 and preferably from 2:3 to 3:2.
  • compositions of the present invention can accomodate up to as much as ninety percent (90%) by weight of added solids if the particle sizes of the added solids are properly selected and distributed, without loss of adequate fluidity to permit casting and curing without the application of high pressures.
  • This example is illustrative of the present invention.
  • the burning rate measured by the Crawford Bomb Test just after manufacture was found to be 38.4 mm (1.51 inches) per second at a pressure of 284kg/m2 (2000 psi). Some years later after ambient storage in non-hermetic containers the burning rate was surprisingly found to be undiminished and was 38.9 mm (1.53 inches) per second under the same conditions. There were no observed visual changes and no mechanical changes during storage.
  • This example is not illustrative of the present invention. This example shows the undesirable water absorption when the lithium carbonate employed in inventive compositions is replaced by sodium carbonate.
  • the rate of water absorption of the non-inventive Arcite 497C of this example is compared to that of inventive Arcite 497L produced as described in Example 1.
  • the results are shown on the graph reproduced as Figure 4 wherein the percent of water absorbed is plotted on the y-axis and the length of time in days is plotted on the x-axis.
  • the curve 58 is that of the inventive Arcite 497L of Example 1
  • the curve 60 is that of the comparative composition, Arcite 497C containing sodium carbonate in place of lithium carbonate.
  • sodium carbonate containing composition picks up as much as almost three percent water over about thirty days whereas the inventive composition picks up almost no water as shown by the flat curve 58.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
  • Chair Legs, Seat Parts, And Backrests (AREA)
  • Special Chairs (AREA)
  • Thermotherapy And Cooling Therapy Devices (AREA)
  • Food Preservation Except Freezing, Refrigeration, And Drying (AREA)
  • Seats For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Cage And Drive Apparatuses For Elevators (AREA)
  • Passenger Equipment (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
EP90314443A 1990-03-07 1990-12-31 Insassenrückhaltesystem und darin verwendbarer Wirkstoff Expired - Lifetime EP0445474B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US07489968 US4981534B1 (en) 1990-03-07 1990-03-07 Occupant restraint system and composition useful therein
US489968 1990-03-07

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0445474A2 true EP0445474A2 (de) 1991-09-11
EP0445474A3 EP0445474A3 (en) 1992-07-01
EP0445474B1 EP0445474B1 (de) 1996-03-06

Family

ID=23946027

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90314443A Expired - Lifetime EP0445474B1 (de) 1990-03-07 1990-12-31 Insassenrückhaltesystem und darin verwendbarer Wirkstoff

Country Status (18)

Country Link
US (1) US4981534B1 (de)
EP (1) EP0445474B1 (de)
JP (1) JP3002839B2 (de)
KR (1) KR0127642B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE134950T1 (de)
AU (1) AU630265B2 (de)
BR (1) BR9006658A (de)
CA (1) CA2033261C (de)
CY (1) CY1917A (de)
CZ (1) CZ278729B6 (de)
DE (1) DE69025748T2 (de)
DK (1) DK0445474T3 (de)
ES (1) ES2085901T3 (de)
IL (1) IL96805A (de)
NO (1) NO303021B1 (de)
SE (1) SE507568C2 (de)
SK (1) SK278937B6 (de)
TR (1) TR28515A (de)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2695892A1 (fr) * 1992-09-18 1994-03-25 Trw Vehicle Safety Systems Appareil et procédé pour gonfler un dispositif de retenue d'un occupant d'un véhicule.
EP0607671A1 (de) * 1992-12-14 1994-07-27 Morton International, Inc. Hybrider Gasgenerator für aufblasbaren Luftsack-Rückhaltesysteme
EP0669231A3 (de) * 1994-02-24 1996-05-15 Temic Bayern Chem Airbag Gmbh Hybrid-Gasgenerator zum Füllen eines Gassacks.
WO1997027087A1 (en) * 1996-01-26 1997-07-31 General Motors Corporation Air bag assembly with diffuser
CN1080668C (zh) * 1994-10-25 2002-03-13 奥艾公司 混合式充气器

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US5172598A (en) * 1991-02-28 1992-12-22 General Motors Corporation Stored gas inflatable restraint inflation system
US5226667A (en) * 1991-03-19 1993-07-13 Trw Vehicle Safety Systems Inc. Percussion igniter assembly
US5213362A (en) * 1991-03-19 1993-05-25 Trw Vehicle Safety Systems Inc. Stab igniter assembly
US5131680A (en) * 1991-03-19 1992-07-21 Trw Vehicle Safety Systems Inc. Inflator assembly
US5273312A (en) * 1991-09-20 1993-12-28 Trw Vehicle Safety Systems Inc. Hybrid inflator having movable piston for releasing pressurized gas and conveying combustion products for ignition of secondary ignition material
JPH05123564A (ja) * 1991-11-07 1993-05-21 Honda Motor Co Ltd エアバツグ装置用ガス発生器
US5257817A (en) * 1992-02-18 1993-11-02 Trw Inc. Air bag inflator having a ball piston valve assembly
US5335940A (en) * 1992-03-03 1994-08-09 Trw Inc. Air bag inflator having flow control for slowing and filtering inflation gas
US5351989A (en) * 1992-11-30 1994-10-04 Trw Vehicle Safety Systems Inc. Inflator assembly
US5782486A (en) * 1993-07-16 1998-07-21 New Lenox Industries, Inc. Rapid gas-fill apparatus and method
US5472647A (en) * 1993-08-02 1995-12-05 Thiokol Corporation Method for preparing anhydrous tetrazole gas generant compositions
US5682014A (en) * 1993-08-02 1997-10-28 Thiokol Corporation Bitetrazoleamine gas generant compositions
US5429691A (en) 1993-08-10 1995-07-04 Thiokol Corporation Thermite compositions for use as gas generants comprising basic metal carbonates and/or basic metal nitrates
US5439537A (en) 1993-08-10 1995-08-08 Thiokol Corporation Thermite compositions for use as gas generants
US5401340A (en) 1993-08-10 1995-03-28 Thiokol Corporation Borohydride fuels in gas generant compositions
US5551724A (en) * 1993-09-14 1996-09-03 Morton International, Inc. Treatment of inflatable restraint system inflator particulate-containing gas with expanded metal
US5360232A (en) * 1993-09-14 1994-11-01 Morton International, Inc. Filtration in hybrid inflators
US5695216A (en) * 1993-09-28 1997-12-09 Bofors Explosives Ab Airbag device and propellant for airbags
US5566543A (en) * 1993-11-17 1996-10-22 Morton International, Inc. PVC-based gas generant for hybrid gas generators
US6969435B1 (en) 1994-01-19 2005-11-29 Alliant Techsystems Inc. Metal complexes for use as gas generants
EP0740645B1 (de) 1994-01-19 2012-08-22 Alliant Techsystems Inc. Metallkomplexe zum gebrauch als gasgenerator
US20050067074A1 (en) 1994-01-19 2005-03-31 Hinshaw Jerald C. Metal complexes for use as gas generants
US5725699A (en) 1994-01-19 1998-03-10 Thiokol Corporation Metal complexes for use as gas generants
US5616883A (en) * 1994-03-18 1997-04-01 Oea, Inc. Hybrid inflator and related propellants
US5486248A (en) * 1994-05-31 1996-01-23 Morton International, Inc. Extrudable gas generant for hybrid air bag inflation system
US5494312A (en) * 1994-05-31 1996-02-27 Morton International, Inc. Autoignition of a fluid fueled inflator
US5531473A (en) * 1994-05-31 1996-07-02 Morton International, Inc. Fluid fuel-containing initiator device for an air bag inflator
CA2156362C (en) * 1994-09-12 1998-06-30 Trw Inc. Mini inflator assembly
WO1996010001A1 (en) * 1994-09-29 1996-04-04 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Device for abating carbon monoxide in airbags
US5504288A (en) * 1994-10-17 1996-04-02 Texas Instruments Incorporated Sensor for use with air bag inflator and method for making
JP3779730B2 (ja) * 1994-12-12 2006-05-31 アトランティック・リサーチ・コーポレーション 混成インフレータ
US5516144A (en) * 1995-02-02 1996-05-14 Trw Inc. Side impact air bag inflator
US5558367A (en) * 1995-03-14 1996-09-24 Trw Inc. Dual stage augmented inflator for an air bag
US5913537A (en) * 1995-06-09 1999-06-22 Trw Vehicle Safety Systems Inc. Hybrid inflator including non-metallic nitrogen containing ignitable material
US5507891A (en) * 1995-08-11 1996-04-16 Alliant Techsystems Inc. Propellant composition for automotive safety applications
JPH09183682A (ja) 1995-12-13 1997-07-15 Morton Internatl Inc 貯蔵された酸化性ガスを含むハイブリッド膨張器に使用される燃料組成物
DE19602008A1 (de) * 1996-01-20 1997-07-24 Temic Bayern Chem Airbag Gmbh Gasgenerator zum Erzeugen einer Gasmischung
US5704634A (en) * 1996-02-15 1998-01-06 Trw Vehicle Safety Systems Inc. Side impact air bag module
US5918898A (en) * 1996-02-15 1999-07-06 Trw Vehicle Safety Systems Inc. Side impact air bag module
US5678857A (en) * 1996-02-23 1997-10-21 Morton International, Inc. Assembly and method for the moderation of inflator output
US5826904A (en) * 1996-06-10 1998-10-27 Morton International, Inc. Directional compressed gas inflator
US5794973A (en) * 1996-12-04 1998-08-18 Trw Vehicle Safety Systems Inc. Dual stage air bag inflator
WO1999000275A1 (en) * 1997-06-27 1999-01-07 Atlantic Research Corporation Tailorable output electrically activated gasgenerating device
ES2262213T3 (es) * 1998-07-13 2006-11-16 Nof Corporation Composiciones generosas de gas.
US6299200B1 (en) 2000-07-18 2001-10-09 Trw Vehicle Safety Systems Inc. Side impact air bag module with shroud
US6557474B1 (en) 2000-08-30 2003-05-06 Glasseal Products Initiator header subassembly for inflation devices
US6883830B2 (en) 2001-09-27 2005-04-26 Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd. Pressurized medium for inflator
US6554315B2 (en) 2001-09-27 2003-04-29 Trw Inc. Inflatable vehicle occupant protection device
US20040009107A1 (en) * 2002-07-12 2004-01-15 Universal Propulsion Company, Inc. Aircraft evacuation slide inflator using a catalytically decomposed gas
US6976700B2 (en) * 2002-11-12 2005-12-20 Trw Vehicle Safety Systems Inc. Air bag inflator bracket
CA2642760A1 (en) * 2006-02-13 2008-07-10 Halkey-Roberts Corporation Apparatus and method for using tetrazine-based energetic material
DE102012013961A1 (de) * 2012-07-13 2014-01-16 Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg Insensitive Sprengstoffwirkmasse
GB2506443A (en) * 2012-10-01 2014-04-02 Nicholas Basil Baird Separator formations
CA3035525A1 (en) 2016-09-02 2018-03-08 Regents Of The University Of Minnesota Systems and methods for body-proximate recoverable capture of mercury vapor during cremation

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US3723205A (en) * 1971-05-07 1973-03-27 Susquehanna Corp Gas generating composition with polyvinyl chloride binder
GB1464613A (en) * 1973-06-25 1977-02-16 Gen Motors Corp Inflator
US3901747A (en) * 1973-09-10 1975-08-26 Allied Chem Pyrotechnic composition with combined binder-coolant
US3897285A (en) * 1973-09-10 1975-07-29 Allied Chem Pyrotechnic formulation with free oxygen consumption
US4214438A (en) * 1978-02-03 1980-07-29 Allied Chemical Corporation Pyrotechnic composition and method of inflating an inflatable device
US4238253A (en) * 1978-05-15 1980-12-09 Allied Chemical Corporation Starch as fuel in gas generating compositions
FR2645854B1 (fr) * 1989-04-17 1991-06-14 Livbag Snc Procede de fabrication de charges de composition solide generatrice de gaz non toxiques et charges ainsi obtenues
US5084118A (en) * 1990-10-23 1992-01-28 Automotive Systems Laboratory, Inc. Ignition composition for inflator gas generators

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2695892A1 (fr) * 1992-09-18 1994-03-25 Trw Vehicle Safety Systems Appareil et procédé pour gonfler un dispositif de retenue d'un occupant d'un véhicule.
EP0607671A1 (de) * 1992-12-14 1994-07-27 Morton International, Inc. Hybrider Gasgenerator für aufblasbaren Luftsack-Rückhaltesysteme
EP0669231A3 (de) * 1994-02-24 1996-05-15 Temic Bayern Chem Airbag Gmbh Hybrid-Gasgenerator zum Füllen eines Gassacks.
US5586783A (en) * 1994-02-24 1996-12-24 Temic Bayern-Chemie Airbag Gmbh Hybrid gas generator for filling a gas bag
CN1080668C (zh) * 1994-10-25 2002-03-13 奥艾公司 混合式充气器
WO1997027087A1 (en) * 1996-01-26 1997-07-31 General Motors Corporation Air bag assembly with diffuser

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH055052A (ja) 1993-01-14
BR9006658A (pt) 1991-11-19
AU630265B2 (en) 1992-10-22
KR0127642B1 (ko) 1997-12-26
DK0445474T3 (da) 1996-04-01
DE69025748D1 (de) 1996-04-11
TR28515A (tr) 1996-09-10
SE9004170D0 (sv) 1990-12-28
NO905612D0 (no) 1990-12-28
JP3002839B2 (ja) 2000-01-24
ATE134950T1 (de) 1996-03-15
CY1917A (en) 1997-03-07
KR910016549A (ko) 1991-11-05
CS694090A3 (en) 1992-02-19
NO905612L (no) 1991-09-09
DE69025748T2 (de) 1996-07-18
US4981534B1 (en) 1997-02-04
AU6852890A (en) 1991-09-12
ES2085901T3 (es) 1996-06-16
CA2033261C (en) 1996-11-05
SK278937B6 (sk) 1998-04-08
SE507568C2 (sv) 1998-06-22
NO303021B1 (no) 1998-05-18
EP0445474B1 (de) 1996-03-06
IL96805A (en) 1994-10-21
US4981534A (en) 1991-01-01
CZ278729B6 (en) 1994-05-18
EP0445474A3 (en) 1992-07-01
SE9004170L (sv) 1991-09-08
CA2033261A1 (en) 1991-09-08

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