EP0442935B1 - Felsenanker und verfahren zur herstellung - Google Patents

Felsenanker und verfahren zur herstellung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0442935B1
EP0442935B1 EP89912755A EP89912755A EP0442935B1 EP 0442935 B1 EP0442935 B1 EP 0442935B1 EP 89912755 A EP89912755 A EP 89912755A EP 89912755 A EP89912755 A EP 89912755A EP 0442935 B1 EP0442935 B1 EP 0442935B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tendon
clamp means
clamp
bulbous portion
pair
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP89912755A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0442935A4 (en
EP0442935A1 (de
Inventor
Neville Allan Hedrick
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Garford Pty Ltd
Original Assignee
Garford Pty Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=3773499&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0442935(B1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Garford Pty Ltd filed Critical Garford Pty Ltd
Publication of EP0442935A1 publication Critical patent/EP0442935A1/de
Publication of EP0442935A4 publication Critical patent/EP0442935A4/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0442935B1 publication Critical patent/EP0442935B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
    • E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B5/00—Making ropes or cables from special materials or of particular form
    • D07B5/005—Making ropes or cables from special materials or of particular form characterised by their outer shape or surface properties
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B7/00—Details of, or auxiliary devices incorporated in, rope- or cable-making machines; Auxiliary apparatus associated with such machines
    • D07B7/16—Auxiliary apparatus
    • D07B7/18—Auxiliary apparatus for spreading or untwisting ropes or cables into constituent parts for treatment or splicing purposes
    • D07B7/187—Auxiliary apparatus for spreading or untwisting ropes or cables into constituent parts for treatment or splicing purposes for forming bulbs in ropes or cables
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
    • E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
    • E21D21/006—Anchoring-bolts made of cables or wires

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an apparatus for manufacturing rock anchors.
  • Rock anchors are generally steel tendons inserted down bore holes in a scree. In use a portion of the tendon is grouted and a plate attached to the tendon. The tendon is then stressed so that the plate bears upon the scree thereby to stabilise the scree. Tendons typically comprise a plurality of steel strands wound together to form the tendon. To secure adequately such tendons in cement, prior art methods as disclosed in CA-A-1059351 and AU-B-42734185 have used machines respectively to unravel and wind oppositely for short lengths the strands in tendons. The purpose of unravelling the strands is to increase the surface area of the tendon in contact with the cement to embed more securely the tendon in the cement. This is a relatively time consuming procedure.
  • an apparatus for manufacturing a rock anchor comprising a tendon having a plurality of strands and at least one bulbous portion in which all the strands are spaced from one another substantially around the periphery of the bulbous portion, the apparatus comprising a pair of spaced clamp means, each arranged to clamp releasably the tendon therebetween at positions spaced apart along the length thereof and being mounted in the apparatus for there to be relative longitudinal displaceability between the clamp means, and clamp displacement means for displacing one clamp means towards the other in order to form a bulbous portion in the tendon between the two clamp means, characterized in that the apparatus also includes tendon displacement means for displacing the tendon in the longitudinal direction thereof relative to the clamp means after a bulbous portion has been formed in the tendon, comprising clamp means arranged releasably to grip the tendon therebetween.
  • FIG. 1 and 2 Shown in Figures 1 and 2 is a rock anchor 10 comprising a steel tendon 12.
  • the tendon 12 is composed of a plurality of outer strands 14 helically wound around a centre strand 15 to form the tendon 12. As shown, there are six outer strands 14 wound around the centre strand.
  • the tendon 12 has a plurality of bulbous portions 16 spaced apart from one another along the length of the tendon.
  • the portions of the strands 14 and 15, in the bulbous portions 16, are spaced apart from each other around the circumference of the bulbous portions 16, as shown.
  • the section line 2-2 has been taken through the fattest part of the bulbous portion 16. As seen in Figure 2, the centre strand 15 is displaced away from the centre of the tendon 12.
  • Each bulbous portion 16 has a bulb diameter defined as the diameter of the smallest tube through which the rock anchor 10 will pass.
  • the bulb periphery is indicated by the broken lines, marked 17 in Figure 2.
  • the outer strands 14 and the centre strand 15 are all located adjacent and within the bulb periphery 17. This enables cement to contact a greater surface area of the strands 14 in use.
  • the rock anchor 10 is thereby firmly embedded in the cement.
  • the centre strand 15 is displaced away from its normal central position, in the bulbous portions 16. When the rock anchor 10 is stressed, the load will be taken more evenly by the strands 14 and 15 than if the centre strand 15 was in its central position. If the centre strand 15 was in its central position, more load would be taken by the centre strand 15 than the outer strands 14. This would then lower the safety factor of the rock anchor 10 which could then fail at a much lower load.
  • FIG. 3 Shown in Figures 3, 4, 6 and 7 is apparatus 52 of a first embodiment of the present invention for manufacturing a rock anchor 10.
  • apparatus 52 of a first embodiment of the present invention for manufacturing a rock anchor 10.
  • the slidable clamp means 22 is held in a carriage 54 slidable along the frame 24.
  • the hydraulic ram 28, associated with the fixed clamp means 22' is supplied with hydraulic pressure through a pipe 56.
  • the ram 28, associated with the slidable clamp means 22, is supplied with hydraulic pressure through a separate pipe 58.
  • a clamp displacement means such as an hydraulic ram 44 is fixed to the right hand end of the frame 24 and has a plunger 45 which bears on the slidable clamp means 22.
  • the ram 44 of the displacement means has a separate pipe 60 to supply hydraulic pressure.
  • the pipes 56, 58 and 60 are connected to an hydraulic timer (not shown) which co-ordinates the action of both rams 28 and the ram 44.
  • the tendon 12 passes through the centre of the ram 44.
  • a straight pipe 61 is disposed to the left of the fixed clamp 22 and is arranged to receive the rock anchor 10.
  • the pipe 61 has a diameter at least that of the bulb diameter.
  • each plate 30 and 32 has a recess 62.
  • the plates 30 and 32 have a centralising pin 64 located below the recesses 62 and extending between the plates 30 and 32.
  • the pin 64 serves to support the tendon 12 and to guide the plates 30 and 32 toward one another so that the tendon 12 is clamped within the recesses 62.
  • the plate 30 contains a recess (not shown) which receives the pin 64 when the plates 30 and 32 are moved together by the ram 28.
  • a tendon 12 is first fed through the ram 44, between the plates 30 and 32, of the clamp means 22 and 22', and into the pipe 61.
  • the hydraulic timer operates and activates the ram 28 of the fixed clamping means 22'.
  • the ram 28 of the slidable clamp means 22, is then activated to clamp the tendon 12 between the plates 30 and 32.
  • the ram 44 is then reactivated. This causes the plunger 45 to bear upon the plates 30 and 32, of the slidable clamp means 22, and displace the slidable clamp means 22 towards the fixed clamp means 22'. Such relative displacement causes the bulbous portions 16 to be formed in the tendon 12 between the clamp means 22 and 22'.
  • the ram 28 of the slidable clamp means 22 and the ram 44 are then deactivated to release the tendon 12.
  • the ram 44 then withdraws the plunger 45 away from the fixed clamp means 22'. This moves the carriage 54 with the slidable clamp means 22, to the right, away from the fixed clamp means 22'.
  • the ram 28, of the slidable clamp means 22 is then activated to clamp the tendon 12 by means of the plates 30 and 32.
  • the ram 28 of the fixed clamp means 22' is then deactivated to release the tendon 12.
  • the ram 44 is then activated, the plunger 45 extends and moves the carriage 54 and slidable clamp means 22 towards the fixed clamp means 22'.
  • the slidable clamp means 22 and the ram 44 function as a tendon displacement means to move the tendon 12.
  • This also moves the rock anchor 10 to the left and into the straight pipe 61.
  • the pipe 61 generally straightens out any bends that may have occurred when the bulbous portion 16 was formed.
  • the ram 44 is then deactivated to prevent any further movement of the tendon 12.
  • the ram 28 of the fixed clamping means 22' is then activated and the process is repeated as many times as is required.
  • FIG. 5 and 8 Shown in Figures 5 and 8 is an apparatus 66 of a second embodiment for manufacturing a rock anchor 10.
  • This apparatus 66 is a modification of the apparatus 52 of Figures 3, 4, 6 and 7.
  • Like numerals denote like parts.
  • the apparatus 66 additionally comprises a separate tendon displacement means 68 to the right of the slidable clamp means 22 in Figure 5.
  • the tendon displacement means 68 comprises a slidable clamp means 70 carried by a carriage 72 slidable along the frame 24.
  • the clamp means 70 comprises an hydraulic ram 74 supplied with hydraulic pressure by a pipe 76.
  • the ram 74 has a plate 78 attached thereto to bear on and thereby clamp the tendon 12 against an opposed plate 80.
  • Each plate 78 and 80 has a recess 82, in a similar manner to the machine 52 of Figures 3, 4, 6 and 7.
  • the plates 78 and 80 have a centralising pin 84 located below the half recesses 82, in a similar manner to the machine 52 of Figures 3, 4, 6 and 7.
  • the tendon displacement means 68 further comprises a clamp displacement means in the form of an hydraulic ram 86 supplied with hydraulic pressure through a pipe 88.
  • the ram 86 has a plunger 90 which bears on the carriage 72 and is arranged to displace the sliding clamp means 70 to the left, as shown in Figure 5.
  • the tendon displacement means 68 is an element supplementary to those comprised by the tendon displacement means of the apparatus 52.
  • the pipes 58 and 60 are connected to a common manifold 92 supplied with hydraulic pressure by a pipe 94.
  • a pipe 94 supplied with hydraulic pressure by a pipe 94.
  • a tendon 12 is first fed through between the plates 78 and 80, through the ram 44, between the plates 30 and 32, of the clamp means 22 and 22' and into the pipe 61.
  • An hydraulic timer operates and simultaneously activates both of the rams 28 so that the clamps 22 and 22' securely hold the tendon 12.
  • the ram 74 is deactivated to allow the tendon 12 to slide between the plates 78 and 80. Further, at this stage, the clamp means 22 and 22' are a first predetermined distance apart. The ram 44 is then activated to move the carriage 54 to the left, towards the fixed clamp means 22'. This relative displacement disrupts the tendon 12 and forms a bulbous portion 16. When the distance between the clamp means 22 and 22' reaches a second predetermined distance both rams 28 and the ram 44 are deactivated.
  • Ram 74 is then activated so that the tendon 12 is securely held in the slidable clamp means 70 by the plates 78 and 80.
  • the ram 86 is then activated and the plunger 90 moves the carriage 72 to the left, towards the fixed clamp means 22'. This also moves the rock anchor 10 to the left and into the straight pipe 61.
  • the tendon displacement means may alternately comprise an electronic motor driving wheel.
  • An idler wheel would bear upon the driven wheel and the tendon would pass between the idler and the driven wheels.
  • a timer would activate an electric motor to rotate the driven wheel and thereby move the tendon.
  • the ram 44 may have an adjustment means in the form of a threaded column to vary the position of the ram 44 along the frame.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
  • Dowels (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Vorrichtung (52,66) zum Herstellen eines Felsankers (10), mit einem Drahtseil (12), welches eine Vielzahl von Litzen (14,15) und wenigstens einen knollenförmigen Bereich (16) aufweist, in welchem alle Litzen entlang des Umfanges des knollenförmigen Bereiches räumlich getrennt voneinander angeordnet sind, wobei die Vorrichtung (52,66) ein Paar räumlich voneinander getrennter Klemmeinrichtungen (22,22') aufweist, welche so vorgesehen sind, daß sie das Drahtseil lösbar zwischen sich in Positionen entlang des Drahtseiles festklemmen und in der Vorrichtung befestigt sind, um das Drahtseil relativ in Längsrichtung zwischen den Klemmeinrichtungen (22,22') zu versetzen, und wobei eine Klemmenversetzungseinrichtung (44) zum Versetzen einer Klemmeinrichtung in Richtung zu der anderen hin vorgesehen ist, um einen knollenförmigen Bereich (16) in dem Drahtseil (12) zwischen den beiden Klemmeinrichtungen herzustellen,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Vorrichtung weiterhin Drahtseilversetzeinrichtungen (44,68) zum Versetzen des Drahtseiles (12) in Längsrichtung desselben relativ zu den Klemmeinrichtungen aufweist, nachdem ein knollenförmiger Bereich (16) in dem Drahtseil hergestellt wurde, mit einer Klemmeinrichtung (22;70) die lösbar vorgesehen ist, um zwischen den Klemmeinrichtungen das Drahlseil (12) zu greifen.
  2. Vorrichtung (52,66) nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Klemmeinrichtung (22) der Drahtseilversetzeinrichtung (44) eine Klemmeinrichtung (22) des Paares von Klemmeinrichtungen (22,22') ist.
  3. Vorrichtung (66) nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Klemmeinrichtung der Drahtseilversetzeinrichtung (68) eine zusätzlich zu dem Paar räumlich voneinander getrennter Klemmeinrichtungen (22,22') vorgesehene Klemmeinrichtung (70) ist, welche so angeordnet ist, daß sie das Drahtseil (12) zwischen dem Paar räumlich voneinander getrennter Klemmeinrichtungen (22,22') greift, wenn diese nicht an dem Drahtseil angreifen.
  4. Vorrichtung (52,66) nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß nur eine Klemmeinrichtung (22) des Paares von Klemmeinrichtungen (22,22') in Längsrichtung versetzbar ist.
  5. Vorrichtung (52,66) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Klemmeinrichtung (22,70) der Drahtseilversetzeinrichtung (44) mittels Hydraulikzylindern (44, 68) versetzbar ist.
  6. Vorrichtung (52,66) nach Anspruch 2, 3, 4 oder 5,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die versetzbare Klemmeinrichtung (22) in einem Schlitten (54) angeordnet ist, welcher entlang eines Rahmens (24) der Vorrichtung verschiebbar ist.
  7. Vorrichtung (52,66) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jede einzelne Klemmeinrichtung ein Paar sich gegenüberliegender Platten (30,32;78,80) und einen Hydraulikzylinder (28;74) aufweist, welcher mit einer der Platten (30;78) verbunden ist, um diese in Gegenstellung zu der anderen Platte (32;80) zu bringen.
  8. Vorrichtung (52,66) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jede einzelne Klemmeinrichtung (22,22';70) eine Platte (30,32;78,80) mit einem Rücksprung (62;82) aufweist, welcher zwischen den Platten das Drahtseil (12) aufnimmt.
  9. Vorrichtung (52,66) nach Anspruch 8,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Zentrierbolzen (64; 84) mit den Platten (30, 32;78,80) der Klemmeinrichtungen (22,22';70) zusammenwirkt, um das Drahtseil (12) abzustützen und eine Führung für die Rücksprünge (62;82) der Platten (30,32;78,80) für die Bewegung aufeinanderzu zu bilden.
  10. Vorrichtung (52,66) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Klemmenversetzungseinrichtung so ausgeführt ist, daß das Paar von Klemmeinrichtungen (22,22') vor dem Herstellen des knollenförmigen Bereiches (16) auf einen ersten vorherbestimmten Abstand und nach dem Herstellen des knollenförmigen Bereiches (16) auf einen zweiten vorherbestimmten Abstand versetzbar ist.
  11. Vorrichtung (52,66) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein im wesentlichen gerade verlaufendes Rohr (61) vorgesehen ist, um den Felsanker (10) nach dem Austreten aus den Klemmeinrichtungen (22,22') nach der Herstellung des knollenförmigen Bereiches (16) aufzunehmen und geradezuziehen.
EP89912755A 1988-11-14 1989-11-14 Felsenanker und verfahren zur herstellung Expired - Lifetime EP0442935B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU1416/88 1988-11-14
AUPJ141688 1988-11-14
PCT/AU1989/000486 WO1990005811A1 (en) 1988-11-14 1989-11-14 Improved rock anchor and method of manufacture

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0442935A1 EP0442935A1 (de) 1991-08-28
EP0442935A4 EP0442935A4 (en) 1992-06-03
EP0442935B1 true EP0442935B1 (de) 1995-09-06

Family

ID=3773499

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89912755A Expired - Lifetime EP0442935B1 (de) 1988-11-14 1989-11-14 Felsenanker und verfahren zur herstellung

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0442935B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE127550T1 (de)
CA (1) CA2002806C (de)
DE (1) DE68924171T2 (de)
WO (1) WO1990005811A1 (de)
ZA (1) ZA898640B (de)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5570976A (en) * 1991-07-26 1996-11-05 J.J.P. Geotechnical Engineering Pty. Ltd. Cable bolt
DE4203740C2 (de) * 1992-02-09 1996-07-11 Dyckerhoff & Widmann Ag Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Ankerelementes aus einer Litze aus verdrillten Stahldrähten
FR2726585A1 (fr) * 1994-11-09 1996-05-10 Fortin Jean Moyen d'ancrage d'un surmoulage plastique ou autre sur du cable
AU2005200714B2 (en) 2005-02-17 2011-10-27 Fci Holdings Delaware, Inc. Cable bulbing apparatus and method for forming bulbs in a cable bolt
KR101043127B1 (ko) * 2008-02-22 2011-06-20 (주) 케이씨지 Ｐｃ강연선을 이용한 지반보강공법 및 지반보강장치
WO2011047416A1 (en) * 2009-10-23 2011-04-28 Garford Pty Ltd Cable bolt
CN111842722B (zh) * 2020-08-30 2024-08-27 尤加东 一种钢绞线墩头

Family Cites Families (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1024696A (en) * 1962-10-26 1966-03-30 Cementation Co Ltd Improvements relating to subterranean anchorages
GB975642A (en) * 1962-11-12 1964-11-18 Cementation Co Ltd Improvements relating to subterranean anchorages
US3727298A (en) * 1971-06-10 1973-04-17 North American Rockwell Friction welding method
FR2378123A1 (fr) * 1977-01-24 1978-08-18 Bouvet Ets H Procede de fabrication d'une bequille metallique pour serrure et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre du procede
FR2385485A1 (fr) * 1977-03-30 1978-10-27 Petroles Cie Francaise Machine d'aboutage de conduites pour pose en eaux de toutes profondeurs
CA1059351A (en) * 1977-11-01 1979-07-31 Paul J. Villgren Cable bolt
CH632948A5 (de) * 1978-11-10 1982-11-15 Schlatter Ag Einrichtung zum stirnseitigen aneinanderschweissen zweier profilstangen.
AU7976382A (en) * 1981-01-27 1982-08-05 Barry Garfield Frederick Pipe joining apparatus
US4492015A (en) * 1982-06-24 1985-01-08 Dearman Timothy Charles Apparatus for use in welding
US4722468A (en) * 1982-07-20 1988-02-02 Mcclure Gary W Boiler pipe tool for heliarc welding with tongue and groove interlock
GB8321550D0 (en) * 1983-08-10 1983-09-14 Dividag Systems Ltd Anchor
FR2571996B1 (fr) * 1984-10-22 1986-12-26 Alsthom Atlantique Dispositif exterieur d'aboutage de deux elements tubulaires en vue de leur assemblage par soudage
US4750662A (en) * 1987-02-10 1988-06-14 Larry And Associates Pipe welding alignment tool

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE68924171T2 (de) 1996-02-22
EP0442935A4 (en) 1992-06-03
EP0442935A1 (de) 1991-08-28
CA2002806A1 (en) 1990-05-14
WO1990005811A1 (en) 1990-05-31
DE68924171D1 (de) 1995-10-12
CA2002806C (en) 1995-08-08
ZA898640B (en) 1990-09-26
CA2002806F (en) 1990-05-14
ATE127550T1 (de) 1995-09-15

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