Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
  • A61K8/84—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions otherwise than those involving only carbon-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • A61K8/89—Polysiloxanes
  • A61K8/896—Polysiloxanes containing atoms other than silicon, carbon, oxygen and hydrogen, e.g. dimethicone copolyol phosphate
  • A61K8/899—Polysiloxanes containing atoms other than silicon, carbon, oxygen and hydrogen, e.g. dimethicone copolyol phosphate containing sulfur, e.g. sodium PG-propyldimethicone thiosulfate copolyol
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q5/00—Preparations for care of the hair
  • A61Q5/04—Preparations for permanent waving or straightening the hair
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
  • C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
  • C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
  • C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
  • C07F7/0834—Compounds having one or more O-Si linkage
  • C07F7/0838—Compounds with one or more Si-O-Si sequences
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
  • C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
  • C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
  • C07F7/21—Cyclic compounds having at least one ring containing silicon, but no carbon in the ring
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G77/04—Polysiloxanes
  • C08G77/045—Polysiloxanes containing less than 25 silicon atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G77/04—Polysiloxanes
  • C08G77/38—Polysiloxanes modified by chemical after-treatment
  • C08G77/382—Polysiloxanes modified by chemical after-treatment containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen, oxygen or silicon

Definitions

• This invention pertains to thioglycolamide-functional siloxanes and their salts and methods for their preparation.
• the siloxanes of this invention are useful in the perming and conditioning of human hair. They may be used to replace typical thioglycolate solutions used in traditional perms.
• the process of perming hair consists of two essential steps.
• the first step is the breaking (reduction) of keratin disulfide (K-S-S-K) bonds in the hair to produce K-S-H functionality.
• K-S-H groups are then oxidized in a curled state to produce new crosslinked K-S-S-K bonds.
• the typical agents for reducing the bonds are thioglycolate salts, which cause the strong odor associated with the perms.
• the typical agent for the oxidation of the bonds is hydrogen peroxide.
• Mercapto-functional siloxanes and their use in the perming process of hair is known in the art. These materials usually contain a reactive -SH functional group on the end of the siloxane chain thereby making them useful substitutes for organic thioglycolates.
• the -SH functionality is attached directly on the silicon atom or it is attached to the silicon through an organic linkage consisting of carbon, hydrogen and optionally oxygen.
• the compounds of the instant invention are novel in that the -SH functionality is joined to the silicon atom through an amide-functional group.
• the presence of the amide groups and the thio functionality provide unique properties when used in hair waving or straightening.
• the objects of this invention are novel thioglycolamide functional siloxanes and their salts and a method for their preparation.
• the compounds of this invention are referred to as thioglycolamide functional siloxanes and their salts. They are prepared from the reaction between an amine-functional siloxane or polysiloxane (herein referred to only as amine-functional siloxane(s)) and thioglycolic acid or thioglycolic acid derivatives (herein referred to only as thioglycolic acid), forming a salt, with subsequent dehydration to form the thioglycolamide functional siloxane.
• amine-functional siloxane or polysiloxane herein referred to only as amine-functional siloxane(s)
• thioglycolic acid or thioglycolic acid derivatives herein referred to only as thioglycolic acid
• thioglycolic ester can also be prepared by the reaction between the amine functional polysiloxanes and a thioglycolic ester or a derivative of a thioglycolic ester (herein referred to only as a thioglycolic ester).
• the compounds of this invention can be prepared from amine functional siloxanes that are commercially available or prepared by known methods.
• the amine functional siloxanes useful in this invention may be polymers or copolymers that are linear or cyclic in structure. It is preferred that primary amine-functional siloxanes be used, however, secondary amine-functional siloxanes can also be used.
• the cyclic amine functional siloxanes useful in this invention are selected from the groups comprising and wherein each R1 independently selected from an alkyl group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms and an aryl group containing 6 to 10 carbon atoms; each A is independently selected from R1 and an amine functional group with the provision that at least one A group be an amine-functional group; w has the value of 3 to 6; x has the value of 1 to 6 and y has the value of 1 to 6; with the provision that the sum of x+y equals at least 3.
• the preferred cyclic structure is when R1 is a methyl or phenyl group.
• the linear amine functional siloxanes useful in this invention are selected from the groups comprising and wherein each R2 is independently selected from A and R1 with the provision that at least one R2 group be an amine functional group; and z has the value of 1 to 10. It is feasible to use amine functional compounds in which z has the value of greater than 10 to produce thioglycolamide functional siloxanes, however, the resulting thioglycolamide functional siloxanes produced from amine functional siloxanes in which z is greater than 10 are not useful in the perming of hair. when R2 is not an amine functional group, it is preferred that R2 be a methyl or phenyl group.
• the amine functional group can be further exemplified by the formula wherein each R3 is independently selected from a straight or branched chain alkylene group consisting of 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R4 is selected from the hydrogen atom, a straight or branched chain alkyl group consisting of 1 to 6 carbon atoms and the group -R3-N(R5)-H; and R5 is selected from R1 and the hydrogen atom.
• the amine-functional groups can comprise primary and secondary mono or diamines and mixtures thereof.
• the amine functional group can be further exemplified by, but not limited to, the following structures
• the amine-functional siloxanes used to produce thioglycolamide functional siloxanes useful in hair perming and conditioning can comprise mixtures of components varying in molecular weight and/or structures or they can comprise a single component.
• Compounds of the formulas (I-IV) in which x, y and z are larger than the values stated above can be contained in the mixtures or single components as impurities.
• the mixture or single component be comprised essentially of the components described above by formulas (I-IV) for use in hair perming and conditioning.
• amine functional siloxanes of formulas (I-IV) are reacted with thioglycolic acid of the general formula where each R6 is independently selected from the hydrogen atom, R1 and the group -NH2; and n has the value of 1 to 6. It is preferred to use at least one mole of thioglycolic acid for every mole of amine contained in the compound. For example, if a diamine is present, such as -NH-CH2-CH2-NH2, at least two moles of thioglycolic acid should be used so that each amine contains the thioglycolic functionality after the reaction is complete. However, with diamines, it may be desirable to leave some unreacted amine in the reaction product.
• the reaction between the thioglycolic acid and the amine functional siloxane can be initiated at room temperature and the reaction is exothermic. Temperatures above and below room temperature may also be suitable for initiation of the reaction. It is preferred to keep the initiation and reaction temperature below the boiling point of the raw materials. It is also preferable to carry out the reaction at atmospheric pressure but pressures that are higher or lower than atmospheric are also useful.
• solvent be semi-polar organic or a low molecular weight silicone. It is also preferred that the solvent contain no active hydrogen atoms.
• Preferred solvents for the reaction include toluene, xylene, tetrahydrofuran, dimethoxyethane, methyl cellusolve, dimethyl ether of diethylene glycol, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, dimethicone cyclomethicone and others.
• Water is produced as a by product of the reaction between the amine-functional siloxane and the thioglycolic acid and is removed from the reaction mixture to form the thioglycolamide functional siloxane.
• the reaction mixture Prior to removal of the water, the reaction mixture comprises the salt of the thioglycolic acid and the amine functional siloxane.
• the water can be removed from the reaction mixture by subjecting the reaction mixture to heat and optionally reducing the pressure. Temperature at which the solvent refluxes or the water boils is usually sufficient to remove the water. The water can also be removed by azeotropes.
• the thioglycolamide functional siloxanes produced by the reaction described above can be represented by the general formulas and mixtures thereof; wherein R1 is as described above; A' is independently selected from R1 and a thioglycolamide functional group with the provision that at least one A' group be a thioglycolamide functional group; R7 is independently selected from A' and R1 with the provision that at least one R7 group be the thioglycolamide functional group; w has the value of 3 to 6; x has the value of 1 to 6; y has the value of 1 to 6; and z has the value of 1 to 10; with the provision that the sum of x+y equals at least 3.
• the thioglycolamide functional group can be further exemplified by the general formula wherein R3 is as described above; R8 is selected from the hydrogen atom and the thioglycol functional group; R9 is selected from the hydrogen atom, a straight or branched chain alkyl group consisting of 1 to 6 carbon atoms and the group -R3-N(R10)-H; and R10 is selected from R1 and R8; with the provision that at least one of the R8 and/or R10 groups is the thioglycol functional group.
• the thioglycol functional group is represented by the general formula where R6 is as described above.
• Salts of the thioglycolamide functional siloxanes are formed as an intermediate in the process of forming the thioglycolamide functional siloxanes and may be isolated in a stable form.
• the salts of the siloxanes are the products formed prior to the removal of any water or subjecting the reaction mixture to heat other than that produced by the exotherm.
• the structure of the thioglycolamide salt may be further exemplified, for example, on a primary amine, by
• An alternative method for making the thioglycolamide functional siloxanes comprises reacting a thioglycolic ester or a thioglycolic ester derivative with the amine functional siloxanes of formulas (I-IV) in the presence of heat and a catalyst.
• This alternative route will not form the salts as an intermediate product but will result directly in the formation of the thioglycolamide functional siloxanes.
• the thioglycolic ester and derivatives can be exemplified by the following general formula where R1 and R6 are as described above.
• the reaction requires the use of a catalyst and heat for the reaction to proceed.
• Catalysts suitable for the reaction between the thioglycolic ester and the amine functional siloxane include acids such as mineral acids, sulfonic acids, strong cation exchange resins and others or bases such as sodium methoxide, strong anion exchange resins and others.
• Temperatures for carrying out the reaction should be maintained between 30° and 100°C.
• the preferred catalyst for the reaction is the basic type such as sodium methoxide.
• the preferred temperature for carrying out the reaction is between 50°C. and 80°C.
• the typical procedure for carrying out the reaction between the amine-functional siloxane and the thioglycolic ester includes mixing the amine functional siloxane and the catalyst, adding the thioglycolic ester to the mixture, heating the mixture and holding at the desired temperature until the reaction has completed. It may be further desirable to neutralize the catalyst upon completion of the reaction by, for example, adding an acid to the reaction mixture when a base catalyst has been employed. For example, small quantities of acetic acid may be added to the reaction mixture to neutralize a sodium methoxide catalyst.
• An alcohol is produced as a by-product of the reaction between the thioglycolic ester and the amine functional siloxane.
• the alcohol can be removed from the reaction product by further subjecting the reaction product to heat and optionally reduced pressure. Some alcohols may also be removed from the reaction product as it is being formed by allowing the temperature in the reaction zone to be higher than the boiling point of the alcohol being formed but below the boiling point of the raw materials.
• the reaction can be carried out in the presence of a solvent.
• the solvents described above useful for the reaction between the thioglycolic acid and the amine functional siloxane are also useful in the reaction between the thioglycolic ester and the amine functional siloxane.
• the solvent can be removed after the reaction has been completed by further subjecting the reaction mixture to heat and optionally reduced pressure.
• the thioglycolamide siloxanes of this invention are useful in the perming and conditioning of hair and can be applied to the hair using a suitable delivery system.
• Solvents in particular alcohols, are one example of a suitable delivery system. It may also be useful to apply them from delivery systems such as water, low molecular weight alkanes, silicones, isoparafins and others.
• the thioglycolamide functional siloxane comprises 1 to 50% of the total solution by weight.
• the more preferred range is for the thioglycolamide siloxane to comprise 20 to 40 percent by weight of the total solution.
• Solutions are prepared by mixing together the thioglycolamide functional siloxane and the delivery system. Compatabilizers, surfactants and dispersing aids may be necessary to ensure a homogeneous mixture of the thioglycolamide functional siloxane and the delivery system.
• the thioglycolamide siloxanes of the instant invention have a molecular weight of less than 1000 and more preferably of less than 500 for use on hair.
• the lower molecular weight materials are preferred so that they may diffuse into the hair, which is wound onto curling rods, in a relatively short period time.
• the resulting thioglycolamide siloxanes may contain a small amount of higher molecular weight materials (greater than 1000) introduced by impurities in the amine-functional siloxanes. These materials should only comprise a small amount of the total composition and the remainder should be comprised essentially of the lower molecular weight thioglycolamide materials.
• the thioglycolamide siloxanes of this invention can be used in place of typical reducing agents in the curling of hair.
• the typical process for using the thioglycolamide siloxanes comprises washing and setting the hair by normal methods.
• the thioglycolamide siloxane is applied evenly on the hair.
• the treated hair is then allowed to stand at room temperature or in the presence of heat for a period sufficient to produce the desired curl.
• the hair is then water washed and treated with an oxidizing agent known in the art.
• the most typical oxidizing agent is an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide. After oxidation, the hair is then rinsed with water and styled in the desired manner.
• the thioglycolamide siloxanes of this invention when used in the reduction of hair, are lower in odor than those that are currently commercially available for the reduction of hair. They produce a curl which is at least equal to that produced by typical reducing agents such as thioglycolic acid or thioglycolates.
• the thioglycolamide siloxanes of this invention impart improved settability of the treated hair as well as the above mentioned conditioning effects.
• the salts of the thioglycolamide functional siloxanes are also useful in the perming and conditioning of hair.
• a flask was equipped with a nitrogen source, thermometer, stirrer and a Dean-Stark trap and reflux condenser. The flask was purged with nitrogen and maintained under a nitrogen blanket during the entire operation. 309.5 grams of a mixture of (CH3-Si(Z)-O) b , where b equals 3 to 6, was placed in the flask with 400.5 grams of reagent grade xylene and 17.5 grams of potassium silanolate catalyst.
• Example A The reaction product of Example A was stripped at atmospheric pressure and 97° to 100°C. The resulting product was 71.5% (Gas Chromatograph (GC) Area%) of the composition of formula (1), 12.6% hexamethyldisiloxane and 15.9% of other reaction products and xylene. Amine Neutral Equivalents (ANE) was measured to be 170.
• Example 2 Using the same equipment as in Example A, 1102.3 grams of and 228 grams of reagent grade toluene were placed in the flask under a nitrogen blanket. 509 grams of deionized water was added over a period of 1 hour. The reaction temperature exothermed from 23°C. to 115°C. The contents were refluxed at 95°C. for 45 minutes after the water addition was complete. The water phase was separated off. The siloxane/toluene phase was heated to 95° to 140°C. removing an additional 50 grams of water. The reaction product was stripped at 23° to 50°C. and 7 torr. GC indicated 99 area % pure disiloxane of formula 2.
• Example D Using the same procedure as in Example D the material of formula 5 was produced.
• the reactants were 161.7 of the amine used in Example D, 288.1 grams of decamethyldisiloxane, 550.2 grams of a dimethyl cyclic siloxane mixture and 0.62 grams KOH. Following reaction at 135°C. for 5 hours, 1.02 grams of acetic acid and 10 grams additional cyclics were added. The product was stripped at 140°C. and 10 mm Hg for 2 hours. Amine Neutral Equivalents was measured to be 458.5.
• Example A 206.7 grams of the amine-functional siloxane produced in Example A was placed in a flask equipped with a nitrogen source, thermometer, stirrer and reflux condenser with a Dean-Stark trap. 51.3 grams of thioglycolic acid was added to the flask over a period of one hour while under a nitrogen blanket. A slight exotherm was observed. 128.3 grams of hexamethyldisiloxane was added and the mixture was heated to refluxed for 4 hours. About 4.4 grams of water and 12.5 grams of hazy material was removed. The reaction product was two phases, a clear liquid top and white paste bottom. The top phase was decanted.
• Example B 67.92 grams of the product produced in Example B as 112.8 grams of reagent grade toluene was placed in the flask used in Example 1. 37.4 grams of thioglycolic acid was added dropwise for a period of 105 minutes. A slight exotherm was observed. The reaction mixture was heated to reflux and held for 4.75 hours. Approximately 5.5 grams of water and 15.0 grams of a hazy material were removed. A two phase product resulted. The top phase was decanted. The bottom phase was a thick orange paste.
• Example D 95.4 grams of the material produced in Example D and 122.3 grams of reagent grade toluene were placed in a flask. 46.0 of thioglycolic acid and 32.1 grams of toluene were mixed and added dropwise into the flask over a period of 10 minutes. A slight exotherm was observed. The mixture was heated to toluene reflux for 5 hours. A total of 6.9 grams of water was removed. The resulting mixture was two phases. The top phase was decanted. The bottom phase was an orange paste.
• Example 3 Using the same procedure as in Example 3, the thioglycolamide was produced from the material in Example E.
• the reactants were 119.4 grams of the amine prepared in Example E, 61.2 grams of toluene (in pot), 23.93 grams TGA and an additional 41.2 grams toluene (with TGA).
• a two phase product resulted.
• the product was distilled at 38° to 40°C. and 30 torr. A red/orange opaque hazy fluid resulted.
• Example C 81.29 grams of the material produced in Example C and 70.4 grams of xylene were placed in the flask. 49.7 grams of thioglycolic acid was added dropwise over a period of 20 minutes. An exotherm of 23° to 60°C. was observed. The mixture was heated to xylene reflux and held for 3.5 hours. Approximately 9.2 grams of water was removed. The cooled product was a light-green, slightly hazy, low viscosity fluid.
• Example B 30 grams of the amine functional siloxane prepared in Example B, 100 grams of toluene and 2.0 grams of 25% solution of sodium methoxide in methanol was placed in a flask equipped with a distilling head and drop funnel. 15 grams of methyl thioglycolate was added gradually from the drop funnel into the flask contents while stirring. The mixture was heated to 60° to 80°C. for 5 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled and acetic acid was added to neutralized the sodium methoxide catalyst. The solvent was removed under heat and reduced pressure.
• Example C 30 grams of the amine functional siloxane prepared in Example C, 100 grams of toluene and 2.0 grams of 25% solution of sodium methoxide in methanol was placed in a flask, in that order, equipped with a distilling head and drop funnel. 15 grams of methyl thioglycolate was added gradually from the drop funnel into the flask contents while stirring. The mixture was heated to 60°C. for 5 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled and acetic acid was added to neutralized the sodium methoxide catalyst. The solvent was removed under heat and reduced pressure.
• Tress B was treated with 10.1 grams of a solution consisting on 15.3 grams of the material produced in Example 1, 1.00 gram of concentrated ammonium hydroxide solution and 91.65 grams of water. The solution had a pH of 9 to 9.5. The hair was covered and placed in a 40°C. oven for 30 minutes.
• Tress B has a curl equivalent to that of tress A.

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