EP0431433A1 - Drucktauscher für Verbrennengskraftmaschinen - Google Patents

Drucktauscher für Verbrennengskraftmaschinen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0431433A1
EP0431433A1 EP90122505A EP90122505A EP0431433A1 EP 0431433 A1 EP0431433 A1 EP 0431433A1 EP 90122505 A EP90122505 A EP 90122505A EP 90122505 A EP90122505 A EP 90122505A EP 0431433 A1 EP0431433 A1 EP 0431433A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
guide housing
cellular wheel
cells
pressure exchanger
central axis
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP90122505A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Hubert Kirchhofer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd
ABB AB
Original Assignee
ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd
Asea Brown Boveri AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd, Asea Brown Boveri AB filed Critical ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd
Publication of EP0431433A1 publication Critical patent/EP0431433A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04F—PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
    • F04F13/00—Pressure exchangers

Definitions

  • the present invention is based on a pressure exchanger for internal combustion engines with a central axis and with an at least single-flow cell wheel arranged on this central axis, the cells of which have cells on the one hand with channels in a hot gas guide housing and on the other hand with channels in an air guide housing at a specific time Order work together.
  • a pressure exchanger is known from the patent specification CH-550 937.
  • the cellular wheel works together with an air duct housing and with a hot gas duct housing.
  • the sucked-in air is compressed in the cells in a known manner and then discharged through high-pressure air ducts of the air guide housing into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine.
  • the hot gases that were used for the pressure exchange flow out of the cells of the cellular wheel and through channels in the hot gas guide housing into a gas turbine.
  • fresh air is drawn in and refills the corresponding cells of the cellular wheel.
  • This process of pressure exchange can be in known manner either in a reverse or in a flow-through process.
  • the cellular wheel must be manufactured comparatively very precisely, as must the housings, since only then can a sufficiently small play be achieved between the cellular wheel and the housings. Reducing the play, in order to increase the efficiency of the pressure exchanger, requires complex control measurements and mechanical reworking of the components, which makes production more expensive.
  • the invention seeks to remedy this.
  • the invention as characterized in the claims, solves the problem of creating a pressure exchanger with increased purge energy.
  • the advantages achieved by the invention are essentially to be seen in the fact that forces occurring during the operation of the pressure exchanger can be used to improve its operating behavior and its efficiency.
  • the assembly of the cellular wheel is significantly simplified and accelerated.
  • the efficiency of the pressure exchanger can be increased with simple means.
  • FIG. 1 shows a simplified schematic diagram of a first embodiment of a pressure exchanger
  • FIG. 2 shows various configurations of a cellular wheel.
  • FIG. 1 shows a section through this pressure exchanger without, of course, existing brackets and connecting lines to an internal combustion engine, to an air filter and to an exhaust.
  • An air guide housing 1 carries a pin 2 on which a carrier flange 3, which is designed as a hub of a multi-part cellular wheel 4, is rotatably mounted.
  • the carrier flange 3 is rigidly connected on the one hand to a pulley 5 designed for receiving V-belts and on the other hand it is screwed to a part 7 of the cellular wheel 4 containing cells 6.
  • the part 7 is operatively connected to the air duct housing 1 and to a hot gas duct housing 8 which surrounds the part 7 on the outside and is rigidly connected to the air duct housing 1.
  • the Hot gas guide housing 8 accordingly separates an end face 7a and the outside of cellular wheel 4 from the surroundings in connection with air guide housing 1, while the other end face 7b is shielded from the surroundings by a cover 9.
  • thermal insulation 10 is provided, which can consist, for example, of a zirconium oxide ring.
  • the air guide housing 1 has an intake port 11 which leads fresh air drawn in through the air filter (not shown) into an annular channel 12 which distributes it to the cells 6.
  • the air guide housing 1 has a channel 13 which collects the compressed fresh air emerging from the cells 6 and directs it to a combustion chamber (not shown) of the internal combustion engine.
  • Hot exhaust gas emerging from the internal combustion engine passes through a connecting piece 14 into a channel 15 of the hot gas guide housing 8 and from there into the cells 6.
  • a further channel 16 collects exhaust gases flushed out of the cells 6 and leads them into an exhaust pipe (not shown).
  • the pressure exchanger has a central axis 20 about which the cellular wheel 4 rotates.
  • the cellular wheel 4 has only a flood of cells 6 in the figure. However, it is entirely possible to design the cellular wheel 4 with two or more floods of cells 6.
  • the cells 6 each have a longitudinal axis 21. All longitudinal axes 21 of a cell flood meet at a point A of the central axis 20 at an equal angle ⁇ with respect to this.
  • the angle ⁇ is advantageously in a range from approximately 15 ° to 90 °.
  • the longitudinal axes 21 of the cells 6 of the second and further floods are generally the same Form angle ⁇ with the central axis 20. However, it is also possible for the longitudinal axes of the second and further floods to form different angles with the central axis 20 relative to that of the first flood.
  • the cells 6 extending along their longitudinal axes 21 generally have the same cross section over their entire length, but it is also possible for these cell cross sections to have constrictions and / or bulges. In Fig. 1, the cells 6 continuously taper outwards, but the cell cross sections remain the same.
  • the walls of the cells 6 are aerodynamically designed, as are the respective inflow and outflow ducts for hot gases and fresh air.
  • the part 7 of the cellular wheel 4 is fitted exactly between the hot gas guide housing 8 and the air guide housing 1, so that only minimal gaps 22 are formed.
  • a surface 23 of the part 7 of the cellular wheel 4 facing the hot gas guide housing 8 is designed as an annular segment of the lateral surface of a first cone, the tip of this first cone being located on the central axis 20 to the left of the cellular wheel 4.
  • the surface of the hot gas guide housing 8 opposite this surface 23 is correspondingly conical and runs parallel to it.
  • a surface 24 of the part 7 facing the air guide housing 1 is designed as an annular segment of the lateral surface of a second cone, the tip of this second cone being located on the central axis 20 to the right of the cellular wheel 4.
  • the surface of the air guide housing 1 opposite this surface 24 is correspondingly conical and runs parallel to it.
  • the tips of the cones that belong together are offset on the central axis 20 in proportion to the respective gap width.
  • Gas can escape through the column 22.
  • annular chambers 25, 26 are provided, into which a sealing medium can be introduced, which in a known manner prevents gas loss from occurring on this side of the cellular wheel 4.
  • the sealing medium must be temperature-resistant.
  • the sealing medium must be resistant to high temperatures.
  • piston rings made of different materials or labyrinth seals can be used as the sealing medium.
  • the leakage gas pump device 30 is only provided on the side of the part 7 of the cellular wheel 4 facing away from the air guide housing 1, but it can also be provided on both end faces 7a and 7b of the cellular wheel 4.
  • Shovels 31 are formed on the part 7, which run radially and cover almost the entire free cross section between the part 7 and the cover 9.
  • a comparatively small annular gap 38 remains open between the carrier flange 3 and the cover 9 in order to allow the outside air to flow in again.
  • Adjoining the outer ends of the blades 31 is an annular volume 32 which opens into the chamber 28. From the chamber 28 lead openings 33 distributed around the circumference in the channel 16, which is in communication with the exhaust.
  • the cover 9 limits the volume acted upon by the blades 31.
  • the cover 9 serves as noise and heat insulation, and is therefore designed such that it cannot vibrate in itself.
  • the cellular wheel 4 can rotate freely or driven externally, but it is also conceivable that it is driven externally only during the start-up phase and / or in part-load operation, and that it then runs by itself.
  • the speed of rotation is matched to the respective operating state of the internal combustion engine.
  • the fresh air flowing into the cell 6, as indicated by an arrow 36, is acted upon by hot, pressurized exhaust gas from the duct 15, energy being transferred to the fresh air by means of pressure waves, with the result that the fresh air compresses and counteracts the centrifugal force is accelerated radially inwards.
  • the compressed Fresh air then flows out of the cell 6 into the duct 13, as indicated by an arrow 37.
  • the mechanism of the energy exchange described is known and need not be described further here.
  • the boundary conditions for determining the rotational speed of the cellular wheel 4 and the length of the cells 6 are also known or can be derived from known, axially constructed pressure exchangers. In addition to the reversal process described here, it is also possible to change the pressure in a throughflow process. It should also be mentioned here that the hot gas guide housing 8 is shown rotated so that the paths of the exhaust gases and the fresh air can be illustrated clearly.
  • the part 7 is designed as a ring with a wedge-shaped cross section.
  • a quick and safe assembly of the cellular wheel 4 is possible.
  • thermal expansions in the pressure wave machine can be compensated for by axial displacements of the cellular wheel 4 in both directions.
  • temperature-dependent control of the engagement of the cellular wheel 4 between the hot gas and air guide housings 1, 8 would become necessary in order to keep the leakage losses in the columns 22 small and thus significantly increase the efficiency of the pressure exchanger.
  • the hot gas guide housing 8 is further away from the central axis 20 than the other parts of the pressure exchanger so that it can expand outwards when it is heated. It comprises the part 7 of the cellular wheel 4 on the outside in a ring shape.
  • Leakage gas which has entered the volume between the blades 31 is prevented by the leakage gas pump device 30 from flowing out in an uncontrolled manner.
  • the leakage gas is entrained and accelerated by the blades 31 so that it quickly reaches the volume 32 by the centrifugal force. This flow is facilitated by the fact that air can flow in from outside through the annular gap 38 between the carrier flange 3 and the cover 9.
  • the leak gas flows from the volume 32 through the chamber 28 and the connection openings 33 into the channel 16 and from there with the other exhaust gases into the exhaust. In this way, exhaust gas purification can also be provided, through which the leakage gas is now also cleaned.
  • the running noises of the cellular wheel 4, which are particularly intense when a leak gas pump device 30 is provided, are advantageously reduced by the cover 9. Furthermore, the cover 9 prevents an uneven cooling of the part 7 of the cellular wheel 4 and the associated internal stresses in the part 7.
  • the surfaces 23 and 24 of the cellular wheel 4 are each formed as an annular segment of the lateral surface of cones.
  • the opening angle of these cones is advantageously in the range from 10 ° to 25 °. It appears for the assembly and setting of column 22 it makes sense to choose the opening angle of the two cones equally. If, for example, an opening angle of 16 ° is selected, a displacement of the cell wheel 4 in the direction of the central axis 20 by 0.5 mm results in a compensation of the play in the columns 22 of 7/100 mm. In this angular range around 16 ° there are technically meaningful game compensation options. However, it is also conceivable that the two cones have different opening angles if the respective temperature conditions require it.
  • the displacement of the cellular wheel 4 can be carried out by means of a controlled holder, the control by sensors being temperature-dependent or dependent on the thickness of the gaps 22. A combination of both types of control is also conceivable.
  • the gap setting can be made during the assembly of the pressure wave machine by means of intermediate layers between shaft 2 and cellular wheel 4. Subsequent gap changes in this latter case, however, require disassembly of the machine.
  • FIG. 2 shows the basic sketch of a cell wheel 4 projected into a plane perpendicular to the central axis 20.
  • Different designs of cells 6 are shown, but as a rule they do not occur in the same cell wheel 4.
  • Cell walls 40 extending radially with respect to the center of the cellular wheel 4 are possible.
  • tangentially extending cell walls 41 are possible, the cell walls 41, as indicated, extending tangentially to a circle 42 which has a smaller diameter than the carrier flange 3 of the cell wheel 4.
  • the diameter of this circle 42 is selected according to the operating requirements of the pressure exchanger.
  • An arrow 43 indicates the direction of rotation of the cellular wheel 4.
  • Cell walls 44 curved in this direction of rotation are also possible, as can be seen from FIG. 2.
  • the cells 6 can each be evenly distributed over the circumference of the cellular wheel 4 however, to reduce noise that occurs, it is also possible to arrange the cells 6 irregularly or in part irregularly.
  • the cellular wheel 4 is designed such that the surfaces 23 and 24 each represent an annular segment of the lateral surface of a cylinder, this results in a further, structurally simpler design of the pressure exchanger.
  • This version of the pressure exchanger is particularly useful if cool media are used for the pressure exchange process, as is the case, for example, in air conditioning units.
  • the two cylinders have a common central axis, which coincides with the central axis 20, so that the gaps 22 run parallel to the latter.
  • the surfaces of the hot gas guide housing 8 and the air guide housing 1 facing the cellular wheel 4 are adapted to the respectively opposite surfaces 23 and 24, i.e. they are also designed as parts of cylindrical surfaces.
  • the remaining structure of the pressure exchanger corresponds to that of FIG. 1, where the mode of operation is also described.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Supercharger (AREA)
EP90122505A 1989-12-06 1990-11-26 Drucktauscher für Verbrennengskraftmaschinen Withdrawn EP0431433A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH4375/89A CH680680A5 (en, 2012) 1989-12-06 1989-12-06
CH4375/89 1989-12-06

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0431433A1 true EP0431433A1 (de) 1991-06-12

Family

ID=4274940

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90122505A Withdrawn EP0431433A1 (de) 1989-12-06 1990-11-26 Drucktauscher für Verbrennengskraftmaschinen

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US5116205A (en, 2012)
EP (1) EP0431433A1 (en, 2012)
JP (1) JPH03182628A (en, 2012)
CH (1) CH680680A5 (en, 2012)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102007021367A1 (de) * 2007-05-04 2008-11-13 Benteler Automobiltechnik Gmbh Gasdynamische Druckwellenmaschine

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH1162601A (ja) * 1997-08-19 1999-03-05 Hitachi Ltd エンジンの過給装置
US7555891B2 (en) * 2004-11-12 2009-07-07 Board Of Trustees Of Michigan State University Wave rotor apparatus
EP2302171A1 (en) 2004-11-12 2011-03-30 Board of Trustees of Michigan State University Turbomachine comprising several impellers and method of operation
WO2012116285A2 (en) 2011-02-25 2012-08-30 Board Of Trustees Of Michigan State University Wave disc engine apparatus
JP6007815B2 (ja) * 2013-02-12 2016-10-12 トヨタ自動車株式会社 過給機

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE443643A (en, 2012) *
GB959721A (en) * 1962-05-17 1964-06-03 Power Jets Res & Dev Ltd Improvements in or relating to pressure exchangers
GB1126705A (en) * 1965-08-12 1968-09-11 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Improvements in and relating to pressure exchangers
CH550937A (de) * 1972-10-25 1974-06-28 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Aerodynamische druckwellenmaschine.

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB191221331A (en) * 1912-09-19 1913-07-10 G & J Weir Ltd Improvements in Apparatus for Exhausting or Compressing Air or other Elastic Fluid by Means of an Auxiliary Liquid.
GB191302373A (en) * 1913-01-29 1913-10-23 Robin Arden Hayes Improvements relating to Centrifugal Pumps or Compressors.
US3055577A (en) * 1958-11-25 1962-09-25 Power Jets Res & Dev Ltd Pressure exchanger cell-ring having energy conversion means
CH568476A5 (en, 2012) * 1974-02-14 1975-10-31 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE443643A (en, 2012) *
GB959721A (en) * 1962-05-17 1964-06-03 Power Jets Res & Dev Ltd Improvements in or relating to pressure exchangers
GB1126705A (en) * 1965-08-12 1968-09-11 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Improvements in and relating to pressure exchangers
CH550937A (de) * 1972-10-25 1974-06-28 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Aerodynamische druckwellenmaschine.

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102007021367A1 (de) * 2007-05-04 2008-11-13 Benteler Automobiltechnik Gmbh Gasdynamische Druckwellenmaschine
DE102007021367B4 (de) * 2007-05-04 2008-12-24 Benteler Automobiltechnik Gmbh Gasdynamische Druckwellenmaschine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5116205A (en) 1992-05-26
JPH03182628A (ja) 1991-08-08
CH680680A5 (en, 2012) 1992-10-15

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