EP0430059B1 - Support - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- EP0430059B1 EP0430059B1 EP90122278A EP90122278A EP0430059B1 EP 0430059 B1 EP0430059 B1 EP 0430059B1 EP 90122278 A EP90122278 A EP 90122278A EP 90122278 A EP90122278 A EP 90122278A EP 0430059 B1 EP0430059 B1 EP 0430059B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- region
- sleeve
- holder
- coupling
- connecting element
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
- B63B25/24—Means for preventing unwanted cargo movement, e.g. dunnage
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for holding loads, which has at least one connecting element that can be connected to at least one load and is provided in its region facing away from the load with a holder that can be received by a guide, between which and the connecting element at least one coupling is arranged.
- Such a device is known from EP-A 0 080 520. It consists of a connecting element designed as a hook. The hook can be connected to a load.
- the connecting element has a head which can be coupled via insertion openings to one end of a sleeve which is considered to be a coupling, the other end of which is connected via a turnbuckle to a holder, for example on the deck of a ship. If the device is connected, for example, on the one hand to the corner fitting of a container and on the other hand to the holder on a ship deck, the container can be held down on the deck of the ship.
- Such a device only introduces tensile forces directly into the lashed container. When pressure is applied, it is possible that the head of the shaft slips out of the insertion opening, so that the device is uncoupled. Such a device is therefore not suitable for holding a load on a cargo space wall, since particularly high tensile and compressive stresses arise here due to twisting of the hull. Such twists occur in the hull due to forces that are introduced into the hull during rough seas.
- connecting elements which are only suitable for bracing loads with respect to a fixed point, for example a ship's deck.
- These devices include those disclosed in BE-A-891 718 and US-A-4 096 816 have become known. These also have the disadvantage that they can be decoupled when subjected to pressure and are therefore unsuitable for securing containers within a loading space.
- the device which is known from DE-A-3 300 459, is not decoupled even when it is subjected to pressure.
- this device is very expensive on the one hand and on the other hand so rigid that slight longitudinal and / or height displacements of the containers, which can occur in particular in rough seas, are introduced as bending moments directly into the load compartment wall. These lead to high bending loads in the area of the device.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to improve a device of the type mentioned in the introduction in such a way that both the device and the loads applied by the device are largely relieved of torsional forces.
- the coupling is designed as a pivoting movement of the connecting element with respect to the bracket-permitting rotary joint and that the rotary joint has a bearing sleeve in which a joint head can be displaced in the direction of a shaft longitudinal axis without disengaging.
- Such a coupling enables movements of the ship's wall to be compensated for relative to the containers stowed in the hold. Due to the movable design of the device, torsional forces are only introduced into the container to an extent that is no longer significant, so that deformations do not occur in the area of the container or in the area of the loading space walls. In this way, the coupling enables compensatory movements of the loading space walls with respect to the containers, so that they are held within the loading space in a manner that is gentle on the material. These devices can also be used at other locations.
- the coupling can be designed as a rotary joint, to which the connecting element can be rotated, swiveled, and is displaceable within limits in the direction of its longitudinal axis of the shaft also the absorption of pulling and pushing movements without the joint head disengaging.
- the coupling is designed as a swivel joint which has a bolt which is mounted in the region of the guide and which penetrates a neck in the region of a recess.
- the holder widens substantially in a dovetail shape in a direction facing away from the coupling. In this way, the entire device can be easily held in a guide.
- the device for holding loads (1) essentially consists of a holder (2), a coupling (3), a support plate (4) and a connecting element (5).
- the coupling (3) is designed as a joint (6) which connects a neck (7) opening into the holder (2) to a shaft (8) extending in the direction of the support plate (4).
- the joint (6) is essentially designed as a rotary joint (9) that, with a bearing sleeve (10), partially encloses a joint head (11) opening into the shaft (8).
- the joint head (11) has a larger diameter than the shaft (8) in a direction that extends transversely to a shaft longitudinal axis (12).
- the joint head (11) is essentially rounded and essentially continuously transferred into the shaft (8).
- the bearing sleeve (10) consists essentially of a sleeve wall (13) and a sleeve base (14).
- the sleeve base (14) is essentially designed as a base plate (45) and, with a lateral boundary (46) together with a lower boundary (47) of the sleeve wall (13) facing it, spans an angle in which one of the sleeve bottoms (14 ) with the sleeve wall (13) connecting weld seam (48) is arranged.
- the sleeve base (14) as a stopper (49) which tapers in the direction of the sleeve wall (13) and with a centering (50) facing the sleeve wall (13) from the sleeve wall (13) is enclosed in certain areas.
- the lateral boundary (46) and the lower boundary (47) delimit a substantially V-shaped recess, which extends centrally to the longitudinal axis of the shaft (12) and which forms a weld seam (V-seam) 48) records.
- the sleeve base (14) opens into the neck (7).
- the bearing sleeve (10) has a joint opening (15) in the area of its boundary facing the shaft (8). The joint opening (15) widens from a joint interior (16) in the direction of an outer boundary (17) of the bearing sleeve (10).
- the holder (2) is essentially rotationally symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal axis (12) of the shaft. However, it is also possible to provide oval or elongated training. Transversely to the longitudinal axis of the shaft (12), it has a larger diameter than the neck (7).
- the holder (2) is adapted to a guide (18) receiving it, which is arranged in the region of the loading space wall (19).
- the guide (18) can, however, also be arranged in other areas of the hull, in the area of other means of transport or on subdivisions of warehouses.
- the guide (18) has a recess (20) arranged facing the sleeve base (14) and an insertion opening (21) oriented upwards in the vertical direction.
- an area of the boundary (52) thereof facing the neck (7) is to be arranged behind a transverse web (53) which prevents displacement in the horizontal direction relative to one another and which, starting from a jacket (54) of the guide (18 ) extends towards the neck (7).
- the guide (18) is in one of the holder (2) facing Area of a surface (55) of the loading space wall (19) is arranged. However, it is also possible to arrange a recess (56) in the area of the loading space wall (19), into which the guide (18) is embedded. Such an installation of the guide (18), which is also possible in other areas of the hull, ensures an essentially flat design in the area of the surface (55), which prevents obstruction during loading and unloading processes and the risk of damage to the guide ( 18), from other parts of the device and from goods to be stowed or unloaded.
- the guide (18) can be connected to the loading space wall (19) by weld seams (56).
- the holder (2) It is also possible to make the holder (2) essentially dovetail-shaped and to have it tapered in a direction facing away from the coupling (3).
- the holder (3) it is possible to design the holder (3) as a conical segment which widens in a direction facing away from the coupling (3). With such a design of the holder (2), the guide (18) has an adapted design.
- the holder (3) can also be designed as a shaft (59) which extends through bores (60, 61) in side webs (62, 63) of the guide (18).
- the shaft (59) is also possible to design the shaft (59) as a shaft (64) of a bolt (65) which, in the region of its one end, has a head (66) in the region of a surface of the side web (62) facing away from the neck (7). is present.
- the bolt (65) has a safety device (67) which prevents the bolt (65) from inadvertently sliding out of the bores (60, 61).
- the fuse (67) is designed as a locking ring (68) which is received by a groove (69) of the bolt (65).
- a washer (70) extends between the locking ring (68) and the side web (63).
- the bolt (65) penetrates the neck (7) in the region of a recess (71) which has an extension adapted to the bolt (65).
- the handle (22) In the area of the shaft (8) there is a handle (22) which facilitates handling of the device.
- the handle (22) can, for example, be designed as a handwheel (23).
- the shaft (8) is guided in a sleeve (24) in the region of its end facing the support plate (4).
- the sleeve (24) is connected in the region of its outer boundary (25) to the support plate (4) and has an internal thread (27) in the region of its inner boundary (26) that in an external thread provided in the region of the shaft (8) (28) engages.
- the sleeve (24) is welded to the support plate (4). However, it is also possible to carry out the connection as a press fit or via screw connections.
- the support plate (4) tapers in the direction of its end facing the coupling (3) and carries the connecting element (5) in the region of its end facing away from the coupling (3).
- the connecting element (5) is designed as a pin (29) which extends through the support plate (4) and both in the area of the upper side (30) of the support plate (4) and in the area of an underside (31) of the support surface ( 4) rises above them.
- the connecting element (5) is also possible to form the connecting element (5) from two partial pins (32, 33), which are each arranged in the area of one of the sides (30, 31).
- the pin (29) is essentially symmetrical to a pin longitudinal axis (34).
- the pin (29) has an essentially octagonal configuration and has four side boundaries (35) and four corner boundaries (36). Along the circumference of the pin (29), the corner boundaries (36) have a smaller extent than the side boundaries (35).
- the pin (29) has tapered portions (39, 40) in the region of its ends (37, 38) facing away from one another.
- the pin (29) is designed to be receivable from recesses (41, 42) which are provided in the area of corner fittings (43, 44) of a load (1) designed as a container.
- the side boundaries (35) can be arranged essentially in the form of a square.
- a position of the containers is first stowed in the loading space and then the device in the vertical direction from above both into the guide (18) and into the recess (42) provided in the corner fitting (44) of the container ) used.
- the holder (2) is inserted into the recess (20) and then lowered.
- the pin (29) penetrates into the recess (42) in the region of its lower extent in the vertical direction.
- a container of the next layer is placed on the support plate (4) and encloses with its corner fitting (43) the pin (29) in the area of its upper extent in the vertical direction.
- the shaft (8) is then braced against the sleeve (24) and thus the containers are braced against the loading space wall (19).
- the design of the coupling (3) can absorb swiveling, pushing or pulling movements and relieve both the containers and the components of the device of forces damaging them.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Pivots And Pivotal Connections (AREA)
- Details Of Rigid Or Semi-Rigid Containers (AREA)
- Connection Of Plates (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zur Halterung von Lasten, die mindestens ein mit mindestens einer Last verbindbares Verbindungselement aufweist und in ihrem der Last abgewandten Bereich mit einer von einer Führung aufnehmbaren Halterung versehen ist, zwischen der und dem Verbindungselement mindestens eine Kupplung angeordnet ist.The invention relates to a device for holding loads, which has at least one connecting element that can be connected to at least one load and is provided in its region facing away from the load with a holder that can be received by a guide, between which and the connecting element at least one coupling is arranged.
Eine derartige Vorrichtung ist aus der EP-A 0 080 520 bekannt. Sie besteht aus einem als Haken ausgebildeten Verbindungselement. Der Haken ist mit einer Last verbindbar. Das Verbindungselement besitzt einen Kopf, der über Einstecköffnungen an ein Ende einer als Kupplung geltenden Hülse ankuppelbar ist, deren anderes Ende über ein Spannschloß mit einer Halterung beispielsweise an Deck eines Schiffes verbunden ist. Wird die Vorrichtung also beispielsweise einerseits mit dem Eckbeschlag eines Containers andererseits mit der Halterung an einem Schiffsdeck verbunden, so kann der Container an Deck des Schiffes niedergehalten werden.Such a device is known from EP-A 0 080 520. It consists of a connecting element designed as a hook. The hook can be connected to a load. The connecting element has a head which can be coupled via insertion openings to one end of a sleeve which is considered to be a coupling, the other end of which is connected via a turnbuckle to a holder, for example on the deck of a ship. If the device is connected, for example, on the one hand to the corner fitting of a container and on the other hand to the holder on a ship deck, the container can be held down on the deck of the ship.
Eine derartige Vorrichtung leitet ausschließlich Zugkräfte unmittelbar in den verzurrten Container ein. Bei Druckbelastung ist es möglich, daß der Kopf des Schaftes aus der Einstecköffnung herausrutscht, so daß die Vorrichtung entkuppelt wird. Eine solche Vorrichtung ist deshalb zur Halterung einer Last an einer Laderaumwandung nicht geeignet, da hier besonders hohe Zug- und Druckwechselbelastungen aufgrund von Verwindungen des Schiffskörpers entstehen. Derartige Verwindungen treten im Schiffskörper aufgrund von Kräften auf, die im Seegang in den Schiffskörper eingeleitet werden.Such a device only introduces tensile forces directly into the lashed container. When pressure is applied, it is possible that the head of the shaft slips out of the insertion opening, so that the device is uncoupled. Such a device is therefore not suitable for holding a load on a cargo space wall, since particularly high tensile and compressive stresses arise here due to twisting of the hull. Such twists occur in the hull due to forces that are introduced into the hull during rough seas.
Darüber hinaus sind andere Verbindungselemente bekannt, die ausschließlich zum Verspannung von Lasten gegenüber einem Festpunkt, beispielsweise einem Schiffsdeck geeignet sind. Zu dieser Vorrichtungen gehören solche, die aus der BE-A-891 718 und der US-A-4 096 816 bekannt geworden sind. Auch diese besitzen den Nachteil, daß sie bei einer Belastung auf Druck entkoppelt werden können und damit zur Festlegung von Containern innerhalb eines Laderaumes nicht geeignet sind.In addition, other connecting elements are known which are only suitable for bracing loads with respect to a fixed point, for example a ship's deck. These devices include those disclosed in BE-A-891 718 and US-A-4 096 816 have become known. These also have the disadvantage that they can be decoupled when subjected to pressure and are therefore unsuitable for securing containers within a loading space.
Demgegenüber wird die Vorrichtung, die aus der DE-A-3 300 459 bekannt geworden ist, auch dann nicht entkoppelt, wenn sie auf Druck belastet wird. Dafür ist jedoch diese Vorrichtung einerseits sehr teuer und zum anderen so starr ausgebildet, daß leichte Längs- und/oder Höhenverschiebungen der Container, die insbesondere bei stärkerem Seegang auftreten können, als Biegemomente unmittelbar in die Laderaumwandung eingeleitet werden. Diese führen zu hohen Biegebelastungen im Bereich der Vorrichtung.In contrast, the device, which is known from DE-A-3 300 459, is not decoupled even when it is subjected to pressure. However, this device is very expensive on the one hand and on the other hand so rigid that slight longitudinal and / or height displacements of the containers, which can occur in particular in rough seas, are introduced as bending moments directly into the load compartment wall. These lead to high bending loads in the area of the device.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es daher, eine Vorrichtung der einleitend genannten Art so zu verbessern, daß sowohl die Vorrichtung als auch von der Vorrichtung beaufschlagte Lasten von Verwindungskräften weitgehend entlastet werden.The object of the present invention is therefore to improve a device of the type mentioned in the introduction in such a way that both the device and the loads applied by the device are largely relieved of torsional forces.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß die Kupplung als ein Schwenkbewegungen des Verbindungselementes gegenüber der Halterung zulassendes Rotationsgelenk ausgebildet ist und daß das Rotationsgelenk eine Lagerhülse aufweist, in der ein Gelenkkopf in Richtung einer Schaftlängsachse ohne auszurasten verschiebbar ist.This object is achieved in that the coupling is designed as a pivoting movement of the connecting element with respect to the bracket-permitting rotary joint and that the rotary joint has a bearing sleeve in which a joint head can be displaced in the direction of a shaft longitudinal axis without disengaging.
Eine derartige Kupplung ermöglicht einen Ausgleich von Bewegungen der Schiffswandung relativ zu den im Laderaum gestauten Containern. Durch die bewegliche Ausbildung der Vorrichtung werden Verwindungskräfte nur noch in einem nicht mehr nennenswerten Umfange in die Container eingeleitet, so daß Verformungen weder im Bereich der Container noch im Bereich der Laderaumwandungen auftreten. Die Kupplung ermöglicht auf diese Weise Ausgleichsbewegungen der Laderaumwandungen gegenüber den Containern, so daß diese auf eine materialschonende Weise innerhalb des Laderaumes gehaltert sind. Auch an anderen Aufstellungsorten können diese Vorrichtungen verwendet werden. Die Ausbildung der Kupplung als Rotationsgelenk, zu der das Verbindungselement rotierbar, schwenkbar und in Richtung seiner Schaftlängsachse in Grenzen verschiebar angeordnet ist, ermöglicht auch die Aufnahme von Zug- und Druckbewegungen, ohne daß der Gelenkkopf ausrastet.Such a coupling enables movements of the ship's wall to be compensated for relative to the containers stowed in the hold. Due to the movable design of the device, torsional forces are only introduced into the container to an extent that is no longer significant, so that deformations do not occur in the area of the container or in the area of the loading space walls. In this way, the coupling enables compensatory movements of the loading space walls with respect to the containers, so that they are held within the loading space in a manner that is gentle on the material. These devices can also be used at other locations. The coupling can be designed as a rotary joint, to which the connecting element can be rotated, swiveled, and is displaceable within limits in the direction of its longitudinal axis of the shaft also the absorption of pulling and pushing movements without the joint head disengaging.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist die Kupplung als ein Schwenkgelenk ausgebildet, daß einen im Bereich der Führung gelagerten Bolzen aufweist, der einen Hals im Bereich einer Ausnehmung durchdringt. Auf diese Weise kann die Kupplung relativ billig und haltbar ausgebildet werden, ohne daß die Gefahr besteht, daß sie bei großen Druck- bzw. Zugbeanspruchungen Schwenkbewegungen nicht mehr zuläßt.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the coupling is designed as a swivel joint which has a bolt which is mounted in the region of the guide and which penetrates a neck in the region of a recess. In this way, the coupling can be made relatively cheap and durable, without the risk that it will no longer allow pivoting movements in the case of large compressive or tensile loads.
Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform erweitert sich die Halterung in einer der Kupplung abgewandten Richtung im wesentlichen schwalbenschwanzförmig. Auf diese Weise kann die gesamte Vorrichtung auf einfache Weise in einer Führung gehaltert werden.According to a further preferred embodiment, the holder widens substantially in a dovetail shape in a direction facing away from the coupling. In this way, the entire device can be easily held in a guide.
Weitere Einzelheiten der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden ausführlichen Beschreibung und den beigefügten Zeichnungen, in denen bevorzugte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung beispielsweise veranschaulicht sind.Further details of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings, in which preferred embodiments of the invention are illustrated, for example.
In den Zeichnungen zeigen:
- Fig. 1:
- eine Draufsicht auf eine Vorrichtung, die im Bereich ihrer Halterung in einem Lager geführt ist,
- Fig. 2:
- eine Seitenansicht einer Vorrichtung, die im Bereich ihres einen Endes gehaltert und im Bereich ihres anderen Endes zwischen zwei Container geführt ist,
- Fig. 3:
- eine andere Ausführungsform der Vorrichtung nach Fig. 1 mit kürzer ausgebildeter Auflageplatte und kürzerer Hülse sowie einem sich verjüngenden Hülsenboden der Lagerhülse,
- Fig. 4:
- eine Seitenansicht der zwischen zwei Containern geführten Vorrichtung nach Fig. 3,
- Fig. 5:
- eine Vorrichtung nach Fig. 3, die mit ihrer Halterung von der im Bereich der Laderaumwandung eingelassenen Führung aufgenommen ist,
- Fig. 6:
- eine Seitenansicht der zwischen zwei Containern geführten Vorrichtung nach Fig. 5,
- Fig. 7:
- eine teilweise Darstellung eines Horizontalschnittes durch eine Vorrichtung mit schwalbenschwanzähnlicher Halterung und entsprechend angepaßt ausgebildeter Führung,
- Fig. 8:
- eine teilweise Darstellung eines Horizontalschnittes durch eine Vorrichtung, die im Bereich ihrer Halterung eine schwalbenschwanzförmig ausgebildete Ausnehmung aufweist, die eine angepaßt ausgebildete Führung aufnimmt,
- Fig. 9:
- eine teilweise Darstellung einer Seitenansicht einer Vorrichtung mit als Schwenkachse ausgebildeter Halterung und
- Fig.10:
- eine teilweise Darstellung einer Draufsicht auf die Vorrichtung nach Fig. 9.
- Fig. 1:
- 2 shows a plan view of a device which is guided in a bearing in the region of its holder,
- Fig. 2:
- 2 shows a side view of a device which is held in the area of its one end and is guided between two containers in the area of its other end,
- Fig. 3:
- 1 another embodiment of the device according to FIG. 1 with a shorter support plate and a shorter sleeve and a tapered sleeve bottom of the bearing sleeve,
- Fig. 4:
- 3 shows a side view of the device according to FIG. 3 guided between two containers,
- Fig. 5:
- 3, which is received with its holder by the guide embedded in the area of the loading space wall,
- Fig. 6:
- 5 shows a side view of the device according to FIG. 5 guided between two containers,
- Fig. 7:
- 3 shows a partial representation of a horizontal section through a device with a dovetail-like holder and a correspondingly adapted guide,
- Fig. 8:
- a partial representation of a horizontal section by means of a device which has a dovetail-shaped recess in the area of its holder, which receives an adapted guide,
- Fig. 9:
- a partial representation of a side view of a device with a bracket designed as a pivot axis and
- Fig. 10:
- 9 shows a partial representation of a top view of the device according to FIG. 9.
Die Vorrichtung zur Halterung von Lasten (1) besteht im wesentliche aus einer Halterung (2), einer Kupplung (3), einer Auflageplatte (4) sowie einem Verbindungselement (5). Die Kupplung (3) ist als ein Gelenk (6) ausgebildet, das einen in die Halterung (2) einmündenden Hals (7) mit einem sich in Richtung auf die Auflageplatte (4) erstreckenden Schaft (8) verbindet. Das Gelenk (6) ist im wesentlichen als ein Rotationsgelenk (9) ausgebildet, daß mit einer Lagerhülse (10) einen in den Schaft (8) einmündenden Gelenkkopf (11) bereichsweise umschließt. Der Gelenkkopf (11) weist in einer Richtung, die sich quer zu einer Schaftlängsachse (12) erstreckt, einen größeren Durchmesser als der Schaft (8) auf. Der Gelenkkopf (11) ist im wesentlichen gerundet ausgebildet und im wesentlichen stetig in den Schaft (8) übergeleitet. Die Lagerhülse (10) besteht im wesentlichen aus einer Hülsenwandung (13) sowie einem Hülsenboden (14). Der Hülsenboden (14) ist im wesentlichen als Bodenplatte (45) ausgebildet und spannt mit einer seitlichen Begrenzung (46) gemeinsam mit einer ihm zugewandt angeordneten unteren Begrenzung (47) der Hülsenwandung (13) einen Winkel auf, in dem eine den Hülsenboden (14) mit der Hülsenwandung (13) verbindende Schweißnaht (48) angeordnet ist. Insbesondere ist aber daran gedacht, den Hülsenboden (14) als einen Stopfen (49) auszubilden, der sich in Richtung auf die Hüsenwandung (13) verjüngt und mit einer der Hülsenwandung (13) zugewandten Zentrierung (50) von der Hülsenwandung (13) bereichsweise umschlossen ist. Bei einer derartigen Ausbildung der Lagerhülse (10) begrenzen die seitliche Begrenzung (46) sowie die untere Begrenzung (47) eine im wesentlichen v-förmig ausgebildete Ausnehmung, die sich zentrisch zur Schaftlängsachse (12) erstreckt und die als V-Naht ausgebildete Schweißnaht (48) aufnimmt. Im Bereich seiner der Hülsenwandung (13) abgewandten Ausdehnung mündet der Hülsenboden (14) in den Hals (7) ein. Im Bereich ihrer dem Schaft (8) zugewandten Begrenzung weist die Lagerhülse (10) eine Gelenköffnung (15) auf. Von einem Gelenkinnenraum (16) in Richtung auf eine äußere Begrenzung (17) der Lagerhülse (10) erweitert sich die Gelenköffnung (15).The device for holding loads (1) essentially consists of a holder (2), a coupling (3), a support plate (4) and a connecting element (5). The coupling (3) is designed as a joint (6) which connects a neck (7) opening into the holder (2) to a shaft (8) extending in the direction of the support plate (4). The joint (6) is essentially designed as a rotary joint (9) that, with a bearing sleeve (10), partially encloses a joint head (11) opening into the shaft (8). The joint head (11) has a larger diameter than the shaft (8) in a direction that extends transversely to a shaft longitudinal axis (12). The joint head (11) is essentially rounded and essentially continuously transferred into the shaft (8). The bearing sleeve (10) consists essentially of a sleeve wall (13) and a sleeve base (14). The sleeve base (14) is essentially designed as a base plate (45) and, with a lateral boundary (46) together with a lower boundary (47) of the sleeve wall (13) facing it, spans an angle in which one of the sleeve bottoms (14 ) with the sleeve wall (13) connecting weld seam (48) is arranged. In particular, however, it is contemplated to design the sleeve base (14) as a stopper (49) which tapers in the direction of the sleeve wall (13) and with a centering (50) facing the sleeve wall (13) from the sleeve wall (13) is enclosed in certain areas. With such a design of the bearing sleeve (10), the lateral boundary (46) and the lower boundary (47) delimit a substantially V-shaped recess, which extends centrally to the longitudinal axis of the shaft (12) and which forms a weld seam (V-seam) 48) records. In the area of its extension facing away from the sleeve wall (13), the sleeve base (14) opens into the neck (7). The bearing sleeve (10) has a joint opening (15) in the area of its boundary facing the shaft (8). The joint opening (15) widens from a joint interior (16) in the direction of an outer boundary (17) of the bearing sleeve (10).
Die Halterung (2) ist im wesentlichen rotationsymmetrisch zur Schaftlängsachse (12) ausgebildet. Es ist aber auch möglich, eine ovale oder langgestreckte Ausbildung vorzusehen. Quer zur Schaftlängsachse (12) weist sie einen größeren Durchmesser als der Hals (7) aus. In ihrer äußeren Formgebung ist die Halterung (2) einer sie aufnehmenden Führung (18) angepaßt, die im Bereich der Laderaumwandung (19) angeordnet ist. Die Führung (18) kann aber auch in anderen Bereichen des Schiffskörpers, im Bereich anderer Transportmittel oder an Unterteilungen von Warenlagern angeordnet sein. Die Führung (18) weist eine dem Hülsenboden (14) zugewandt angeordnete Ausnehmung (20) sowie eine in lotrechter Richtung nach oben ausgerichtete Einführöffnung (21) auf. Es ist aber auch möglich, statt der in lotrechter Richtung nach oben ausgerichteten Einführöffnung (21) die Ausnehmung (20) mit einer Bemaßung zu versehen, die ein Einführen der Halterung (2) in einen Innenraum (51) der Führung (18) erlaubt und nach einem Absenken der Halterung (2) einen Bereich deren den Hals (7) zugewandter Begrenzung (52) ein Verschieben in horizontaler Richtung relativ zueinander verhindernd hinter einem Quersteg (53) anzuordnen, der sich ausgehend von einem Mantel (54) der Führung (18) in Richtung auf den Hals (7) erstreckt.The holder (2) is essentially rotationally symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal axis (12) of the shaft. However, it is also possible to provide oval or elongated training. Transversely to the longitudinal axis of the shaft (12), it has a larger diameter than the neck (7). In its outer shape, the holder (2) is adapted to a guide (18) receiving it, which is arranged in the region of the loading space wall (19). The guide (18) can, however, also be arranged in other areas of the hull, in the area of other means of transport or on subdivisions of warehouses. The guide (18) has a recess (20) arranged facing the sleeve base (14) and an insertion opening (21) oriented upwards in the vertical direction. However, it is also possible, instead of the insertion opening (21) oriented upwards in the vertical direction, to provide the recess (20) with dimensions which allow the holder (2) to be inserted into an interior (51) of the guide (18) and after the holder (2) has been lowered, an area of the boundary (52) thereof facing the neck (7) is to be arranged behind a transverse web (53) which prevents displacement in the horizontal direction relative to one another and which, starting from a jacket (54) of the guide (18 ) extends towards the neck (7).
Die Führung (18) ist in einem der Halterung (2) zugewandten Bereich einer Oberfläche (55) der Laderaumwandung (19) angeordnet. Es ist aber auch möglich, im Bereich der Laderaumwandung (19) eine Ausnehmung (56) anzuordnen, in die die Führung (18) eingelassen ist. Ein derartiger Einbau der Führung (18), der auch in anderen Bereichen des Schiffskörpers möglich ist, gewährleistet im Bereich der Oberfläche (55) eine im wesentlichen ebene Ausbildung, die eine Behinderung bei Be- und Entladevorgängen vermeidet und die Gefahr von Beschädigungen der Führung (18), von anderen Teilen der Vorrichtung sowie von zu stauender oder zu entladender Ware vermindert. Die Führung (18) kann durch Schweißnähte (56) mit der Laderaumwandung (19) verbunden sein.The guide (18) is in one of the holder (2) facing Area of a surface (55) of the loading space wall (19) is arranged. However, it is also possible to arrange a recess (56) in the area of the loading space wall (19), into which the guide (18) is embedded. Such an installation of the guide (18), which is also possible in other areas of the hull, ensures an essentially flat design in the area of the surface (55), which prevents obstruction during loading and unloading processes and the risk of damage to the guide ( 18), from other parts of the device and from goods to be stowed or unloaded. The guide (18) can be connected to the loading space wall (19) by weld seams (56).
Es ist auch möglich, die Halterung (2) im wesentlichen schwalbenschwanzförmig auszubilden und sich in eine der Kupplung (3) abgewandte Richtung verjüngen zu lassen. Darüber hinaus ist es möglich, die Halterung (3) als ein sich in eine der Kupplung (3) abgewandte Richtung erweiterndes Kegelsegment auszubilden. Bei einer derartigen Ausbildung der Halterung (2) weist die Führung (18) eine angepaßte Ausbildung auf. Schließlich ist es denkbar, die Halterung (2) mit einer Ausnehmung (58) zu versehen, die sich in eine der Führung (18) zugewandte Richtung verjüngt und die angepaßt ausgebildete Führung (18) mindestens bereichsweise umschließt. Bei einer derartigen Ausbildung ist es auch möglich, statt der Anordnung des Halses (7) zwischen der Kupplung (3) und der Halterung (2) die einander zugewandten Begrenzungen der Halterung (2) und der Kupplung (3) unmittelbar miteinander zu verbinden. Hierdurch wird eine äußerst kompakte Bauform der Vorrichtung gewährleistet.It is also possible to make the holder (2) essentially dovetail-shaped and to have it tapered in a direction facing away from the coupling (3). In addition, it is possible to design the holder (3) as a conical segment which widens in a direction facing away from the coupling (3). With such a design of the holder (2), the guide (18) has an adapted design. Finally, it is conceivable to provide the holder (2) with a recess (58) which tapers in a direction facing the guide (18) and at least partially encloses the adapted guide (18). With such a design, it is also possible, instead of arranging the neck (7) between the coupling (3) and the holder (2), to connect the mutually facing limits of the holder (2) and the coupling (3) directly to one another. This ensures an extremely compact design of the device.
Die Halterung (3) kann auch als eine Welle (59) ausgebildet sein, die sich durch Bohrungen (60, 61) in Seitenstegen (62, 63) der Führung (18) hindurch erstreckt. Insbesondere ist es auch möglich, die Welle (59) als Schaft (64) eines Bolzens (65) auszubilden, der im Bereich seines einen Endes mit einem Kopf (66) im Bereich einer dem Hals (7) abgewandten Oberfläche des Seitensteges (62) anliegt. Im Bereich seiner dem Kopf (66) angewandten Ausdehnung weist der Bolzen (65) eine Sicherung (67) auf, die ein unbeabsichtigtes Hinausgleiten des Bolzens (65) aus den Bohrungen (60, 61) verhindert. Die Sicherung (67) ist als ein Sicherungsring (68) ausgebildet, der von einer Nut (69) des Bolzens (65) aufgenommen ist. Zwischen dem Sicherungsring (68) und dem Seitensteg (63) erstreckt sich eine Unterlegscheibe (70). Der Bolzen (65) durchdringt den Hals (7) im Bereich einer Ausnehmung (71), die eine dem Bolzen (65) angepaßte Ausdehnung aufweist.The holder (3) can also be designed as a shaft (59) which extends through bores (60, 61) in side webs (62, 63) of the guide (18). In particular, it is also possible to design the shaft (59) as a shaft (64) of a bolt (65) which, in the region of its one end, has a head (66) in the region of a surface of the side web (62) facing away from the neck (7). is present. In the area of his the extension (66) applied to the head (66), the bolt (65) has a safety device (67) which prevents the bolt (65) from inadvertently sliding out of the bores (60, 61). The fuse (67) is designed as a locking ring (68) which is received by a groove (69) of the bolt (65). A washer (70) extends between the locking ring (68) and the side web (63). The bolt (65) penetrates the neck (7) in the region of a recess (71) which has an extension adapted to the bolt (65).
Im Bereich des Schaftes (8) ist ein die Handhabung der Vorrichtung erleichternder Handgriff (22) angeordnet. Der Handgriff (22) kann beispeilsweise als Handrad (23) ausgebildet sein.In the area of the shaft (8) there is a handle (22) which facilitates handling of the device. The handle (22) can, for example, be designed as a handwheel (23).
Im Bereich seines der Auflageplatte (4) zugewandten Endes ist der Schaft (8) in einer Hülse (24) geführt. Die Hülse (24) ist im Bereich ihrer äußeren Begrenzung (25) mit der Auflageplatte (4) verbunden und weist im Bereich ihrer inneren Begrenzung (26) ein Innengewinde (27) auf, daß in ein im Bereich des Schaftes (8) vorgesehenes Außengewinde (28) eingreift. Die Hülse (24) ist mit der Auflageplatte (4) verschweißt. Es ist aber auch möglich, die Verbindung als Preßpassung oder über Verschraubungen auszuführen. Die Auflageplatte (4) verjüngt sich in Richtung ihres der Kupplung (3) zugewandten Endes und trägt im Bereich ihres der Kupplung (3) abgewandten Endes das Verbindungselement (5). Das Verbindungselement (5) ist als ein Zapfen (29) ausgebildet, der sich durch die Auflageplatte (4) hindurch erstreckt und sowohl im Bereich der Oberseite (30) der Auflageplatte (4) als auch im Bereich einer Unterseite (31) der Auflagefläche (4) sich über diese erhebt. Es ist aber auch möglich, das Verbindungselement (5) aus zwei Teilzapfen (32,33) auszubilden, die jeweils im Bereich einer der Seiten (30,31) angeordnet sind. Der Zapfen (29) ist im wesentlichen symmetrisch zu einer Zapfenlängsachse (34) ausgebildet. Der Zapfen (29) weist eine im wesentlichen achteckige Ausbildung auf und besitzt vier Seitenbegrenzungen (35) sowie vier Eckbegrenzungen (36). Entlang des Umfanges des Zapfens (29) weisen die Eckbegrenzungen (36) eine geringere Ausdehnung als die Seitenbegrenzungen (35) auf. Im Bereich seiner einander abgewandten Enden (37,38) weist der Zapfen (29) Verjüngungen (39, 40) auf. Der Zapfen (29) ist von Ausnehmungen (41,42), die im Bereich von Eckbeschlägen (43,44) einer als Container ausgebildeten Last (1) vorgesehen sind, aufnehmbar ausgebildet. Es ist aber auch möglich, den Zapfen (29) an Ausnehmungen (41, 42) angepaßt auszubilden, die im Bereich von anderen Lasten vorgesehen sind. Darüber hinaus ist es möglich, dem Zapfen (29) eine im wesentlichen viereckige Ausbildung zu verleihen. Die Seitenbegrenzungen (35) können dabei im wesentlichen in Form eines Quadrates angeordnet sein. Es ist aber auch möglich, beispielsweise zwei sich zueinander parallel erstreckende Seitenbegrenzungen (5) im wesentlichen eben und die beiden verbleibenden Seitenbegrenzungen (35) in eine einander abgewandte Richtung gewölbt auszubilden.The shaft (8) is guided in a sleeve (24) in the region of its end facing the support plate (4). The sleeve (24) is connected in the region of its outer boundary (25) to the support plate (4) and has an internal thread (27) in the region of its inner boundary (26) that in an external thread provided in the region of the shaft (8) (28) engages. The sleeve (24) is welded to the support plate (4). However, it is also possible to carry out the connection as a press fit or via screw connections. The support plate (4) tapers in the direction of its end facing the coupling (3) and carries the connecting element (5) in the region of its end facing away from the coupling (3). The connecting element (5) is designed as a pin (29) which extends through the support plate (4) and both in the area of the upper side (30) of the support plate (4) and in the area of an underside (31) of the support surface ( 4) rises above them. However, it is also possible to form the connecting element (5) from two partial pins (32, 33), which are each arranged in the area of one of the sides (30, 31). The pin (29) is essentially symmetrical to a pin longitudinal axis (34). The pin (29) has an essentially octagonal configuration and has four side boundaries (35) and four corner boundaries (36). Along the circumference of the pin (29), the corner boundaries (36) have a smaller extent than the side boundaries (35). The pin (29) has tapered portions (39, 40) in the region of its ends (37, 38) facing away from one another. The pin (29) is designed to be receivable from recesses (41, 42) which are provided in the area of corner fittings (43, 44) of a load (1) designed as a container. However, it is also possible to design the pin (29) to be adapted to recesses (41, 42) which are provided in the region of other loads. In addition, it is possible to give the pin (29) a substantially square shape. The side boundaries (35) can be arranged essentially in the form of a square. However, it is also possible, for example, to design two side boundaries (5) extending parallel to one another essentially flat and the two remaining side boundaries (35) to be curved in a direction facing away from one another.
Zur Halterung von als Container ausgebildeten Lasten (1) wird zunächst eine Lage der Container im Laderaum gestaut und anschließend die Vorrichtung in lotrechter Richtung von oben sowohl in die Führung (18) als auch in die im Eckbeschlag (44) des Containers vorgesehene Ausnehmung (42) eingesetzt. Bei einer anderen Ausführungsform der Führung (18) wird die Halterung (2) in die Ausnehmung (20) eingeführt und anschließend abgesenkt. Der Zapfen (29) dringt dabei im Bereich seiner in lotrechter Richtung unteren Ausdehnung in die Ausnehmung (42) ein. Danach wird auf die Auflageplatte (4) ein Container der nächsten Lage aufgesetzt und umschließt dabei mit seinem Eckbeschlag (43) den Zapfen (29) im Bereich dessen in lotrechter Richtung oberen Ausdehnung. Mit Hilfe des Handrades (23) wird anschließend eine Verspannung des Schaftes (8) gegenüber der Hülse (24) und damit eine Verspannung der Container gegenüber der Laderaumwandung (19) durchgeführt.To hold loads (1) designed as containers, a position of the containers is first stowed in the loading space and then the device in the vertical direction from above both into the guide (18) and into the recess (42) provided in the corner fitting (44) of the container ) used. In another embodiment of the guide (18), the holder (2) is inserted into the recess (20) and then lowered. The pin (29) penetrates into the recess (42) in the region of its lower extent in the vertical direction. Then a container of the next layer is placed on the support plate (4) and encloses with its corner fitting (43) the pin (29) in the area of its upper extent in the vertical direction. With the help of the handwheel (23), the shaft (8) is then braced against the sleeve (24) and thus the containers are braced against the loading space wall (19).
Bei einem anschließendem Transport der Container kann die Vorrichtung durch die Ausbildung der Kupplung (3) sowohl Schwenk- als auch Druck- oder Zugbewegungen auffangen und sowohl die Container als auch die Bauelemente der Vorrichtung von sie schädigenden Kräften entlasten.When the containers are subsequently transported, the design of the coupling (3) can absorb swiveling, pushing or pulling movements and relieve both the containers and the components of the device of forces damaging them.
Claims (21)
- A device for holding loads, which has at least one connecting element (5) connectable to at least one load (1) and which in its region remote from the load (1) is provided with a holder (2) which can be accommodated by a guide (18) and between which and the connecting element (5) is arranged at least one coupling (3), characterised in that the coupling (3) is in the form of a rotational joint (9) permitting pivotal movements of the connecting element (5) relative to the holder (2), and that the rotational joint (9) has a mounting sleeve (10) in which a joint head (11) is displaceable in the direction of a shank longitudinal axis (12) without becoming disengaged.
- A device according to claim 1 characterised in that the holder (2) is in the form of a holder head which can be accommodated by an insertion opening (21) of the guide (18).
- A device according to claim 1 and claim 2 characterised in that a neck (7) which is of substantially rotationally symmetrical configuration relative to the longitudinal axis (12) of the shank (8) extends between the holder (2) and the coupling (3).
- A device according to claims 1 and 3 characterised in that the coupling (3) is in the form of a pivotal joint having a pin (65) which is mounted in the region of the guide (18) and which passes through the neck (7) in the region of an opening (71).
- A device according to claims 1 to 4 characterised in that the guide (18) is arranged in the region of a surface (55), which is towards the coupling (3), of the hold wall (19).
- A device according to claims 1 to 5 characterised in that the guide (18) is arranged at least in a region-wise manner in an opening (56) provided in the region of the hold wall (19).
- A device according to claims 1 to 6 characterised in that the holder (2) enlarges substantially in a dovetail-shape in a direction away from the coupling (3).
- A device according to claims 1 to 7 characterised in that in the region of its boundary which is towards the holder (2) the coupling (3) bears against a boundary, which faces towards same, of the holder (2).
- A device according to claim 1 characterised in that a support plate (4) holding the connecting element (5) is arranged in the region of the connecting element (5).
- A device according to claim 9 characterised in that the connecting element (5) is in the form of at least one projection (29) which in the region of its two mutually remote ends (37, 38) projects beyond a top side (30) on the one hand and an underside (31) on the other hand of the support plate (4).
- A device according to claim 9 and claim 10 characterised in that the connecting element (5) is formed fro two projection portions (32, 33) which are each arranged in the region of a respective one of the sides (30, 31).
- A device according to claim 10 and claim 11 characterised in that the projection (29) is of a substantially symmetrical configuration relative to a longitudinal axis (34) of the projection.
- A device according to claims 3 to 12 characterised in that in the region of its one end the shank (8) joins the joint head (11) and in the region of its other end it is guided in a sleeve (24).
- A device according to claims 3 to 13 characterised in that the shank (8) is provided with a handle (22) in the region between the joint (11) and the sleeve (24).
- A device according to claims 13 and 14 characterised in that the sleeve (24) has an internal screwthread (27) which acts on the shank (8) in the region of an external screwthread (28).
- A device according to claims 1 to 15 characterised in that the bunting sleeve (10) has a sleeve wall (13) welded to a sleeve end portion (14) which is arranged facing towards the holder (2).
- A device according to claim 16 characterised in that the sleeve end portion (14) is formed substantially as a plug (49) which tapers in a direction towards the sleeve wall (13) and which is at least partially enclosed by the sleeve wall (13) in the region of a centering means (50) which is arranged facing towards the sleeve wall (13).
- A device according to claim 17 characterised in that the plug (49) with a lateral boundary (46) and the sleeve wall (13) with a lower boundary (47) define a substantially v-shaped recess which is arranged concentrically with respect to the longitudinal axis (12) of the shank and in which there is disposed a welded seam (48) connecting the plug (49) to the sleeve wall (13).
- A device according to claims 10 to 18 characterised in that the projection (29) has taper portions (39, 40) in the region of its ends (37, 38) which are arranged facing away from each other.
- A device according to claims 10 to 19 characterised in that the projection (29) is of a configuration adapted to openings (41, 42) of corner fitments (43, 44) of the load (1).
- A device according to claims 1 to 20 characterised in that the load (1) is in the form of a container.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE3938917A DE3938917A1 (en) | 1989-11-24 | 1989-11-24 | BRACKET |
DE3938917 | 1989-11-24 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0430059A1 EP0430059A1 (en) | 1991-06-05 |
EP0430059B1 true EP0430059B1 (en) | 1994-04-27 |
Family
ID=6394111
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP90122278A Expired - Lifetime EP0430059B1 (en) | 1989-11-24 | 1990-11-22 | Support |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0430059B1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE3938917A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE9105924U1 (en) * | 1991-05-14 | 1991-07-11 | Sorgatz, Swen, 1000 Berlin | Device for stabilizing bracing of space structures |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4048938A (en) * | 1975-09-08 | 1977-09-20 | Patterson Iii W W | Container lash systems |
GB2070523B (en) * | 1980-02-28 | 1984-02-08 | Pickles Eng Ltd Dennis | Cargo securing system for a marine cargo vessel |
EP0080520A1 (en) * | 1980-06-13 | 1983-06-08 | C.E.M.A.N. Special-Container GmbH. | Device for tensioning connecting links |
BE891718A (en) * | 1982-01-07 | 1982-04-30 | Internat Lashing Systems Ltd | BAR OR CHAIN TENSIONER |
DE3201741C2 (en) * | 1982-01-21 | 1985-02-21 | Conver Ingenieur-Technik Gmbh & Co Kg, 2800 Bremen | Strut for lashing containers |
DE3300459A1 (en) * | 1983-01-08 | 1984-07-19 | Conver Ingenieur-Technik Gmbh & Co Kg, 2800 Bremen | Device for lashing containers or the like on board ships |
-
1989
- 1989-11-24 DE DE3938917A patent/DE3938917A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1990
- 1990-11-22 DE DE59005522T patent/DE59005522D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-11-22 EP EP90122278A patent/EP0430059B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0430059A1 (en) | 1991-06-05 |
DE3938917A1 (en) | 1991-05-29 |
DE59005522D1 (en) | 1994-06-01 |
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