EP0424221B1 - Broadband power microwave window - Google Patents

Broadband power microwave window Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0424221B1
EP0424221B1 EP90402854A EP90402854A EP0424221B1 EP 0424221 B1 EP0424221 B1 EP 0424221B1 EP 90402854 A EP90402854 A EP 90402854A EP 90402854 A EP90402854 A EP 90402854A EP 0424221 B1 EP0424221 B1 EP 0424221B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
waveguide
circular
window
section
rectangular
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EP90402854A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0424221A1 (en
Inventor
Jacques Tikes
Alain Joseph Durand
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Thales Electron Devices SA
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Thomson Tubes Electroniques
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/08—Dielectric windows

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a circular microwave window capable of operating at high power in a wide frequency band.
  • Microwave devices which operate at pressures different from atmospheric pressure require the use of microwave windows. They are intended to isolate these devices from atmospheric pressure but they allow the propagation of microwave waves without introducing reflection or internal resonance.
  • Microwave tubes generally operate at an extremely low pressure while certain components such as circulators, insulators, coaxial lines and waveguides may contain a gas brought to a pressure, higher than atmospheric pressure to increase their resistance in power.
  • a microwave window must have sufficient strength to withstand pressures of the order of several kilograms per square centimeter without damage.
  • a microwave window must withstand brief anomalies such as electric flashes, mechanical stresses such as shock and vibration and temperature variations which can be significant, especially if the window is brazed on a frame or in a waveguide. If this is not the case the window may break, the air will penetrate inside the microwave device and cause its deterioration.
  • the microwave windows can be used in a wide frequency band.
  • This frequency band will correspond to the band working frequencies of the microwave devices in which they are mounted.
  • this window is constituted by a thin blade 1 of a dielectric material brazed in a section of circular waveguide 2.
  • the section of circular waveguide 2 is connected on both sides other to a rectangular waveguide 3.
  • the diameter D of the circular guide 2 (which is also that of the dielectric strip 1) is substantially equal to the diagonal of the rectangular guide 3.
  • the length L of the circular waveguide section 2 is chosen which is substantially equal to half the guided wavelength l g .
  • the pill-box window behaves like a half-wave matching transformer. As a result, the adaptation is correct at the central operating frequency but gradually degrades on each side.
  • This type of window has numerous parasitic resonance modes which reduces its useful operating bandwidth to around 12% compared to the central frequency.
  • the pill-box window is relatively fragile but, from a technological point of view it is easily achievable.
  • microwave windows There are robust microwave windows. They are generally made of thick ceramic. They are mounted in a rectangular waveguide and obstruct the entire cross section of this guide. They have the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped and their thickness corresponds to half a wavelength of the central operating frequency in the rectangular waveguide for an alumina window.
  • Other windows like those described in US Pat. No. 4,556,854 are formed from a thick circular blade mounted in an externally rectangular support. Two rectangular guides are connected to the support by means of joining pieces. These parts are provided with a substantially rectangular opening whose short side is lower than the short side of the rectangular guide and whose long side is substantially equal to the long side of the rectangular guide. The blade has a diameter substantially equal to the short side of the rectangular guide.
  • These windows have an extremely reduced operating band due to the thickness of the ceramic; the operating bandwidth is approximately 5 to 7% of the central operating frequency in the rectangular waveguide for an alumina window.
  • the window comprises a thin circular blade 6 of dielectric material brazed in a section of circular guide 7.
  • the diameter D ′ of the blade is equal to the diameter of the circular guide 7.
  • the ends of this section of circular guide 7 are connected to a rectangular guide 5.
  • the window is equivalent to a resonant volume inside which can develop modes of unwanted parasitic resonances.
  • D ′ of the blade 6 its thickness e ′ and the length L′du of the circular guide section 7.
  • the diameter D ′ between the long side and the short side of the rectangular waveguide 5 is thus chosen. created at the level of the rectangular guide, inductive shutters 8, to obtain an adaptation of the window, on the central frequency of the operating band of the rectangular wave guide 5.
  • the thickness e ′ of the blade 6 is chosen to be as thin as possible, but sufficient to withstand the mechanical and electrical stresses to which it is subjected.
  • a half-wave matching transformer 10 was added, consisting of two elements of the same length, placed on either side of the circular waveguide section 7, inside the rectangular waveguide 5, so that they cover at least one of its long sides. This transformer enables sufficient adaptation to be made over the entire operating frequency band of the rectangular waveguide 5.
  • the diameter of the circular waveguide 7 is between the long side and the short side of the rectangular waveguide 5. Consequently, additional parts must be used to seal between the inside and the outside of the guides, these parts being placed at the junction between the rectangular guide 5 and the two ends of the circular guide section 7. Furthermore, the short length of the circular guide relative to its diameter does not promote its flexibility, necessary to allow differences in expansion between ceramic and guide.
  • the window according to the invention is more solid than the conventional "pill-box" window, it is also easy to produce and it operates in an enlarged frequency band without exhibiting parasitic resonance modes.
  • the invention proposes a microwave window comprising: - a circular blade of dielectric material, mounted in a circular waveguide section having substantially the same diameter as the blade, the circular waveguide section being connected at its ends to a rectangular waveguide containing a matching transformer, at each end of the circular waveguide section, a wall ensuring a tight connection with respect to the outside, between the rectangular waveguide and the circular waveguide section, each wall being provided with an opening included in a portion of cross section common to the rectangular waveguide and to the circular waveguide section, the diameter of the circular waveguide being less than the diagonal of the rectangle, characterized in that the area of the opening is less than the area of the straight section portion.
  • Each wall is transverse to the circular waveguide section.
  • the openings are identical and preferably have an oblong shape.
  • the large dimension of each opening is parallel to the long sides of the rectangular waveguide.
  • the matching transformer can be made up of a long side of each opening on the corresponding side of the rectangular waveguide.
  • the window shown in FIGS. 3a, 3b, 3c comprises a thin blade 31 made of non-porous dielectric material such as alumina for example.
  • This blade 31 is circular, has a diameter D1 and a thickness e1. It is mounted, in a sealed manner, in a circular waveguide section 32 of substantially the same diameter.
  • the circular waveguide section 32 has a length L1.
  • the two ends 38, 39 of this circular waveguide section 32 are connected to a waveguide 34 which transmits microwave waves in an operating frequency band. Microwave waves enter the window at its first end 38 and exit from it at its second end 39.
  • the waveguide 34 is a rectangular waveguide, and the diameter of the circular waveguide section 32 is less than the diagonal of the rectangle.
  • the window according to the invention like the window described in patent FR 2 558 306, must be able to work in a wide frequency band with good adaptation and without "ghost mode".
  • a wall 36 is provided at each junction between the waveguide 34 and the circular waveguide section 32, provided with an opening 37.
  • Each wall 36 provides a sealed junction with respect to the outside. between the waveguide 34 and the circular waveguide section 32.
  • Each wall 36 extends in a plane transverse to the circular waveguide section 32.
  • the walls 36 are situated at each end 38, 39 of the circular guide section 32. Each wall 36 closes a section delimited by the union between the straight section of the circular wave guide section 32 and the straight section of the guide d wave 34.
  • Each opening 37 is contained in this portion 42 of cross section.
  • the area of each opening is less than that of the portion 42 of cross section.
  • the openings 37 will preferably be identical; they will be located in the central part of each wall 36.
  • Each opening 37 will preferably have an oblong shape. Its large dimension will be parallel to the long side of the waveguide 34.
  • Each wall 36 provided with its opening 37, brings in the waveguide 34 selfic and capacitive corrections.
  • the inductive corrections are given by portions 40 of wall, included between each short side of the waveguide 34 and the edge of the opening 37 closest to this short side.
  • the capacitive corrections are given by wall portions 41, lying between each long side of the waveguide 34 and the edge of the opening 37 closest to this long side.
  • a half-wave adapter transformer 35 Inside the waveguide 34, on either side of the circular waveguide section 32, a half-wave adapter transformer 35.
  • the wavelength considered corresponds to the central frequency of the operating band of the waveguide 34.
  • each wall 36 comprises a single partition which closes both an end of the circular guide section 32 and the cross section of the wave guide 34.
  • the wall 36 could have included a set of parts, for example a partition provided with an opening closing the end of the circular waveguide section 32 and flanges of suitable shape for closing off the parts of the cross section of the waveguide 34 opening to the outside of the circular waveguide section 32.
  • the openings 37 are substantially rectangular and their long sides 43 are parallel to the long sides of the waveguide 34.
  • each opening 37 is then less than the diameter D1 of the circular waveguide section 32.
  • the portion 42 of straight section is between the two long sides of the waveguide 34 and two arcs of circles of the section of circular waveguide 32.
  • the openings 37 are rectangular with rounded angles or have the shape of a rectangle with, attached to each of its short sides, a semicircle of diameter equal to the short side. Still other forms are possible.
  • the half-wave matching transformer 35 is constituted by the extension of one of the long sides 43 of each opening 37, in the waveguide 34, on either side of the waveguide section circular 32.
  • This extension is made on the same long side of the waveguide 34, over the same length. It could be spread over the two long sides.
  • the transformer 35 extends inside the waveguide 34, over the entire long side of the waveguide.
  • Figure 3c shows this.
  • the height of the transformer therefore on the side 43 is defined to obtain the adaptation of the window on a relative operating band of 30% relative to the central frequency in the waveguide 34.
  • the window according to the invention thanks to the openings 37 which are reduced relative to the sections of the waveguide 34 and of the circular waveguide 32, therefore makes it possible to work in an enlarged band with respect to the window "pill- box". It also has improved mechanical strength while retaining the extremely simple technology of the pill-box window. In addition, its dimensions are reduced.
  • the walls 36 which can be produced by metallic plates of copper for example, are reported by brazing at the two ends 38, 39 of the circular waveguide section. Their shape is adapted to close both the cross section of the circular guide section 32 and the cross section of the wave guide 34.
  • the wave guide 34 is fixed on each side 36 by brazing other of the circular waveguide section 32.
  • Each wall 36 has an opening 37 in its central part.
  • Two fixing flanges 50 can be used to ensure a tight connection between the waveguide 34 and the circular waveguide section 32.
  • the transformer 35 can be produced by two identical metal plates, made of copper for example. Each plate is for example brazed, flat inside the waveguide 34, on one of its long sides and on the wall 36.

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Description

La présente invention concerne une fenêtre hyperfréquence circulaire pouvant fonctionner à puissance élevée dans une large bande de fréquence.The present invention relates to a circular microwave window capable of operating at high power in a wide frequency band.

Les dispositifs hyperfréquences qui fonctionnent à des pressions différentes de la pression atmosphérique nécessitent l'utilisation de fenêtres hyperfréquences. Elles sont destinées à isoler ces dispositifs de la pression atmosphérique mais elles permettent la propagation des ondes hyperfréquences sans introduire de réflexion ni de résonance interne.Microwave devices which operate at pressures different from atmospheric pressure require the use of microwave windows. They are intended to isolate these devices from atmospheric pressure but they allow the propagation of microwave waves without introducing reflection or internal resonance.

Les tubes hyperfréquences fonctionnent généralement à une pression extrêmement faible tandis que certains composants tels que les circulateurs, les isolateurs, les lignes coaxiales et les guides d'ondes peuvent contenir un gaz porté à une pression, supérieure à la pression atmosphérique pour augmenter leur tenue en puissance.Microwave tubes generally operate at an extremely low pressure while certain components such as circulators, insulators, coaxial lines and waveguides may contain a gas brought to a pressure, higher than atmospheric pressure to increase their resistance in power.

En conséquence une fenêtre hyperfréquence doit présenter une solidité suffisante pour résister sans dommage à des pressions de l'ordre de plusieurs kilogrammes par centimètres carrés.Consequently, a microwave window must have sufficient strength to withstand pressures of the order of several kilograms per square centimeter without damage.

D'autre part une fenêtre hyperfréquence doit résister à des anomalies brèves telles que des flashes électriques, à des contraintes mécaniques telles que des chocs et des vibrations et à des variations de température qui peuvent être importantes surtout si la fenêtre est brasée sur un cadre ou dans un guide d'onde. Si ce n'est pas le cas la fenêtre risque de se briser, l'air pénétrera à l'intérieur du dispositif hyperfréquence et entraînera sa détérioration.On the other hand, a microwave window must withstand brief anomalies such as electric flashes, mechanical stresses such as shock and vibration and temperature variations which can be significant, especially if the window is brazed on a frame or in a waveguide. If this is not the case the window may break, the air will penetrate inside the microwave device and cause its deterioration.

Il est de plus, souhaitable que les fenêtres hyperfréquences puissent être utilisées dans une large bande de fréquences. Cette bande de fréquences correspondra à la bande de fréquences de travail des dispositifs hyperfréquences dans lesquels elles sont montées.It is moreover desirable that the microwave windows can be used in a wide frequency band. This frequency band will correspond to the band working frequencies of the microwave devices in which they are mounted.

Dans cette bande de fréquences elles ne doivent pas présenter de modes de résonances internes parasites désignées par le terme anglo saxon de "ghost modes".In this frequency band, they must not have parasitic internal resonance modes designated by the Anglo Saxon term of "ghost modes".

De plus, il est nécessaire que dans cette bande de fréquences, le rapport d'ondes stationnaires soit faible et en conséquence les réflexions peu importantes.In addition, it is necessary that in this frequency band, the standing wave ratio is low and consequently the reflections not very important.

Parmi les fenêtres hyperfréquences de l'art antérieur on connaît notamment la fenêtre de type "pill-box". Comme représenté sur les figures 1a, 1b, cette fenêtre est constituée par une lame mince 1 d'un matériau diélectrique brasé dans un tronçon de guide d'onde circulaire 2. Le tronçon de guide d'onde circulaire 2 est connecté de part et d'autre à un guide d'onde rectangulaire 3.Among the microwave windows of the prior art, the “pill-box” type window is known. As shown in FIGS. 1a, 1b, this window is constituted by a thin blade 1 of a dielectric material brazed in a section of circular waveguide 2. The section of circular waveguide 2 is connected on both sides other to a rectangular waveguide 3.

Comme représenté plus particulièrement sur la figure 1b, le diamètre D du guide circulaire 2 (qui est aussi celui de la lame 1 diélectrique) est sensiblement égal à la diagonale du guide rectangulaire 3.As shown more particularly in FIG. 1b, the diameter D of the circular guide 2 (which is also that of the dielectric strip 1) is substantially equal to the diagonal of the rectangular guide 3.

Ces dimensions permettent de garder sensiblement les mêmes longueurs d'ondes électriques guidées dans le guide rectangulaire 3 et le tronçon de guide circulaire 2.These dimensions make it possible to keep substantially the same electrical wavelengths guided in the rectangular guide 3 and the circular guide section 2.

De plus, on choisit la longueur L du tronçon de guide d'onde circulaire 2 sensiblement égale à la moitié de la longueur d'onde guidée lg.In addition, the length L of the circular waveguide section 2 is chosen which is substantially equal to half the guided wavelength l g .

La fenêtre du type "pill-box" se comporte comme un transformateur d'adaptation demi-onde. Il en résulte que l'adaptation est correcte à la fréquence centrale de fonctionnement mais se dégrade progressivement de chaque côté.The pill-box window behaves like a half-wave matching transformer. As a result, the adaptation is correct at the central operating frequency but gradually degrades on each side.

Ce type de fenêtre présente de nombreux modes de résonances parasites ce qui réduit sa largeur de bande de fonctionnement utile à environ 12 % par rapport à la fréquence centrale.This type of window has numerous parasitic resonance modes which reduces its useful operating bandwidth to around 12% compared to the central frequency.

De plus, en raison de ses dimensions, la fenêtre "pill-box" est relativement fragile mais, du point de vue technologique elle est facilement réalisable.In addition, due to its dimensions, the pill-box window is relatively fragile but, from a technological point of view it is easily achievable.

Il existe des fenêtres hyperfréquences robustes. Elles sont généralement en céramique épaisse. Elles sont montées dans un guide d'onde rectangulaire et obstruent la totalité de la section droite de ce guide. Elles ont la forme de parallélépipède rectangle et leur épaisseur correspond à une demie longueur d'onde de la fréquence centrale de fonctionnement dans le guide d'onde rectangulaire pour une fenêtre en alumine. D'autres fenêtres comme celles décrites dans le brevet US-4 556 854 sont formées d'une lame circulaire épaisse montée dans un support extérieurement rectangulaire. Deux guides rectangulaires sont reliés au support par l'intermédiaire de pièces de jonction. Ces pièces sont munies d'une ouverture sensiblement rectangulaire dont le petit côté est inférieur au petit côté du guide rectangulaire et dont le grand côté est sensiblement égal au grand côté du guide rectangulaire. La lame a un diamètre sensiblement égal au petit côté du guide rectangulaire.There are robust microwave windows. They are generally made of thick ceramic. They are mounted in a rectangular waveguide and obstruct the entire cross section of this guide. They have the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped and their thickness corresponds to half a wavelength of the central operating frequency in the rectangular waveguide for an alumina window. Other windows like those described in US Pat. No. 4,556,854 are formed from a thick circular blade mounted in an externally rectangular support. Two rectangular guides are connected to the support by means of joining pieces. These parts are provided with a substantially rectangular opening whose short side is lower than the short side of the rectangular guide and whose long side is substantially equal to the long side of the rectangular guide. The blade has a diameter substantially equal to the short side of the rectangular guide.

Ces fenêtres ont une bande de fonctionnement extrêmement réduite à cause de l'épaisseur de la céramique; la largeur de bande de fonctionnement est d'environ 5 à 7% de la fréquence centrale de fonctionnement dans le guide d'onde rectangulaire pour une fenêtre en alumine.These windows have an extremely reduced operating band due to the thickness of the ceramic; the operating bandwidth is approximately 5 to 7% of the central operating frequency in the rectangular waveguide for an alumina window.

Un autre type de fenêtre a été décrit dans le brevet FR 2 558 306 déposé le 17 janvier 1984. Cette fenêtre est issue de la fenêtre "pill-box" mais elle a une bande de fonctionnement élargie.Another type of window has been described in patent FR 2 558 306 filed on January 17, 1984. This window comes from the "pill-box" window but it has an enlarged operating band.

Comme représentée sur les figures 2a, 2b la fenêtre comporte une lame 6 circulaire mince en matériau diélectrique brasée dans un tronçon de guide circulaire 7. Le diamètre D′ de la lame est égal au diamètre du guide circulaire 7. les extrémités de ce tronçon de guide circulaire 7 sont reliées à un guide rectangulaire 5.As shown in FIGS. 2a, 2b, the window comprises a thin circular blade 6 of dielectric material brazed in a section of circular guide 7. The diameter D ′ of the blade is equal to the diameter of the circular guide 7. the ends of this section of circular guide 7 are connected to a rectangular guide 5.

La fenêtre est équivalente à un volume résonnant à l'intérieur duquel peuvent se développer des modes de résonances parasites indésirables. A l'intérieur du tronçon de guide d'onde circulaire 7 et aux fréquences utilisées, ce sont les modes TM₀₁₀ et TE₁₁₁ qui peuvent apparaître. Pour que ces modes ne soient pas excités, il faut choisir judicieusement le diamètre D′ de la lame 6, son épaisseur e′ et la longueur L′du du tronçon de guide circulaire 7. L'expérience montre que l'on est amené à diminuer ces trois dimensions par rapport à celles des fenêtres "pill-box" classiques.The window is equivalent to a resonant volume inside which can develop modes of unwanted parasitic resonances. Inside the circular waveguide section 7 and at the frequencies used, it is the TM₀₁₀ and TE₁₁₁ modes which can appear. So that these modes are not excited, it is necessary to choose judiciously the diameter D ′ of the blade 6, its thickness e ′ and the length L′du of the circular guide section 7. Experience shows that one is led to reduce these three dimensions compared to those of conventional pill-box windows.

On choisit ainsi le diamètre D′ compris entre le grand côté et le petit côté du guide d'onde rectangulaire 5. De ce fait on a créé au niveau du guide rectangulaire, des volets selfiques 8, pour obtenir une adaptation de la fenêtre, sur la fréquence centrale de la bande de fonctionnement du guide d'onde rectangulaire 5.The diameter D ′ between the long side and the short side of the rectangular waveguide 5 is thus chosen. created at the level of the rectangular guide, inductive shutters 8, to obtain an adaptation of the window, on the central frequency of the operating band of the rectangular wave guide 5.

On choisit l'épaisseur e′ de la lame 6 aussi mince qu'il est possible, mais suffisante pour supporter les contraintes mécaniques et électriques auxquelles elle est soumise.The thickness e ′ of the blade 6 is chosen to be as thin as possible, but sufficient to withstand the mechanical and electrical stresses to which it is subjected.

On a ajouté un transformateur d'adaptation 10 demi-onde, constitué de deux éléments de même longueur, placés de part et d'autre du tronçon de guide d'onde circulaire 7, à l'intérieur du guide d'onde rectangulaire 5, de manière à ce qu'ils recouvrent au moins un de ses grands côtés. Ce transformateur permet de réaliser une adaptation suffisante sur toute la bande de fréquences de fonctionnement du guide d'onde rectangulaire 5.A half-wave matching transformer 10 was added, consisting of two elements of the same length, placed on either side of the circular waveguide section 7, inside the rectangular waveguide 5, so that they cover at least one of its long sides. This transformer enables sufficient adaptation to be made over the entire operating frequency band of the rectangular waveguide 5.

Avec cette fenêtre, on obtient une largeur de bande d'utilisation qui correspond environ à 40 % par rapport à la fréquence centrale.With this window, we obtain a bandwidth of use which corresponds to approximately 40% compared to the central frequency.

Mais cette fenêtre est plus compliquée à réaliser que la fenêtre "pill-box". Le diamètre du guide d'onde circulaire 7 est compris entre le grand côté et le petit côté du guide d'onde rectangulaire 5. En conséquence, il faut utiliser des pièces supplémentaires pour assurer l'étanchéité entre l'intérieur et l'extérieur des guides, ces pièces étant placées à la jonction entre le guide rectangulaire 5 et les deux extrémités du tronçon de guide circulaire 7. Par ailleurs la longueur faible du guide circulaire par rapport à son diamètre ne favorise pas sa souplesse, nécessaire pour permettre les différences de dilatation entre céramique et guide.But this window is more complicated to realize than the "pill-box" window. The diameter of the circular waveguide 7 is between the long side and the short side of the rectangular waveguide 5. Consequently, additional parts must be used to seal between the inside and the outside of the guides, these parts being placed at the junction between the rectangular guide 5 and the two ends of the circular guide section 7. Furthermore, the short length of the circular guide relative to its diameter does not promote its flexibility, necessary to allow differences in expansion between ceramic and guide.

La fenêtre conforme à l'invention est plus solide que la fenêtre "pill-box" classique, elle est aussi facile à réaliser et elle fonctionne dans une bande de fréquences élargie sans présenter de modes de résonances parasites.The window according to the invention is more solid than the conventional "pill-box" window, it is also easy to produce and it operates in an enlarged frequency band without exhibiting parasitic resonance modes.

Ses performances en largeur de bande seront proches de celles de la fenêtre décrite dans le brevet FR 2 558 305 mais elle sera plus simple à réaliser. Ses dimensions étant plus grandes que celles de la fenêtre décrite dans le brevet FR 2 558 306, elle pourra fonctionner à puissance crête plus élevée. De plus, la longueur du guide circulaire ayant été augmentée par rapport à celle du guide circulaire de la fenêtre du brevet FR 2 558 306, la souplesse du guide est améliorée.Its bandwidth performance will be close to that of the window described in patent FR 2,558,305, but it will be simpler to carry out. Its dimensions being larger than those of the window described in patent FR 2,558,306, it will be able to operate at higher peak power. In addition, the length of the circular guide having been increased compared to that of the circular guide of the window of patent FR 2 558 306, the flexibility of the guide is improved.

L'invention propose une fenêtre hyperfréquence comportant :
- une lame circulaire en matériau diélectrique, montée dans un tronçon de guide d'onde circulaire ayant sensiblement le même diamètre que la lame, le tronçon de guide d'onde circulaire étant relié au niveau de ses extrémités à un guide d'onde rectangulaire contenant un transformateur d'adaptation, à chaque extrémité du tronçon de guide d'onde circulaire, une paroi assurant une jonction étanche vis à vis de l'extérieur, entre le guide d'onde rectangulaire et le tronçon de guide d'onde circulaire, chaque paroi étant munie d'une ouverture incluse dans une portion de section droite commune au guide d'onde rectangulaire et au tronçon de guide d'onde circulaire, le diamètre du guide d'onde circulaire étant inférieur à la diagonale du rectangle, caractérisée en ce que la superficie de l'ouverture est inférieure à la superficie de la portion de section droite.The invention proposes a microwave window comprising:
- a circular blade of dielectric material, mounted in a circular waveguide section having substantially the same diameter as the blade, the circular waveguide section being connected at its ends to a rectangular waveguide containing a matching transformer, at each end of the circular waveguide section, a wall ensuring a tight connection with respect to the outside, between the rectangular waveguide and the circular waveguide section, each wall being provided with an opening included in a portion of cross section common to the rectangular waveguide and to the circular waveguide section, the diameter of the circular waveguide being less than the diagonal of the rectangle, characterized in that the area of the opening is less than the area of the straight section portion.

Chaque paroi est transversale au tronçon de guide d'onde circulaire.Each wall is transverse to the circular waveguide section.

Les ouvertures sont identiques et ont de préférence une forme oblongue. La grande dimension de chaque ouverture est parallèle aux grands côtés du guide d'onde rectangulaire.The openings are identical and preferably have an oblong shape. The large dimension of each opening is parallel to the long sides of the rectangular waveguide.

Lorsque les ouvertures sont sensiblement rectangulaires le transformateur d'adaptation peut être constitué par la prolongation d'un grand côté de chaque ouverture sur le côté correspondant du guide d'onde rectangulaire.When the openings are substantially rectangular, the matching transformer can be made up of a long side of each opening on the corresponding side of the rectangular waveguide.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description faite ci-après avec référence aux dessins annexés parmi lesquels :

  • les figures 1a, 1b déjà décrites, sont respectivement une vue en coupe longitudinale et une vue en coupe, selon l'axe AA′ de la figure 1a, d'une fenêtre "pill-box" classique ;
  • les figures 2a, 2b déjà décrites, sont respectivement une vue en coupe longitudinale et une vue en coupe, selon l'axe BB′ de la figure 2a, d'une fenêtre décrite dans le brevet FR 2 558 306 ;
  • les figures 3a, 3b, 3c sont respectivement une vue en coupe longitudinale, selon le petit côté d'un guide rectangulaire, une vue en coupe selon l'axe CC′ de la figure 3a, une vue en coupe longitudinale, selon le grand côté du guide, d'une fenêtre conforme à l'invention ;
  • la figure 4 une coupe schématique, selon le petit côté du guide d'un mode de réalisation d'une fenêtre conforme à l'invention.
Other characteristics and advantages of the present invention will appear on reading the description given below with reference to the attached drawings, in which:
  • Figures 1a, 1b already described, are respectively a longitudinal sectional view and a sectional view, along the axis AA 'of Figure 1a, of a conventional "pill-box"window;
  • Figures 2a, 2b already described, are respectively a longitudinal sectional view and a sectional view, along the axis BB ′ of Figure 2a, of a window described in patent FR 2,558,306;
  • Figures 3a, 3b, 3c are respectively a longitudinal sectional view, along the short side of a rectangular guide, a sectional view along the axis CC ′ of Figure 3a, a longitudinal sectional view, along the long side of the guide, of a window according to the invention;
  • Figure 4 a schematic section along the short side of the guide of an embodiment of a window according to the invention.

Sur les figures, les mêmes références désignent les mêmes éléments.In the figures, the same references designate the same elements.

La fenêtre représentée sur les figures 3a, 3b, 3c comporte une lame 31 mince en matériau diélectrique non poreux tel que de l'alumine par exemple. Cette lame 31 est circulaire, a un diamètre D1 et une épaisseur e1. Elle est montée, de manière étanche, dans un tronçon de guide d'onde circulaire 32 sensiblement de même diamètre. Le tronçon de guide d'onde circulaire 32 a une longueur L1. Les deux extrémités 38,39 de ce tronçon de guide d'onde circulaire 32 sont reliées à un guide d'onde 34 qui transmet des ondes hyperfréquences dans une bande de fréquence de fonctionnement. Les ondes hyperfréquences pénètrent dans la fenêtre par sa première extrémité 38 et en sortent par sa seconde extrémité 39. Sur la figure le guide d'onde 34 est un guide d'onde rectangulaire, et le diamètre du tronçon de guide d'onde circulaire 32 est inférieur à la diagonale du rectangle.The window shown in FIGS. 3a, 3b, 3c comprises a thin blade 31 made of non-porous dielectric material such as alumina for example. This blade 31 is circular, has a diameter D1 and a thickness e1. It is mounted, in a sealed manner, in a circular waveguide section 32 of substantially the same diameter. The circular waveguide section 32 has a length L1. The two ends 38, 39 of this circular waveguide section 32 are connected to a waveguide 34 which transmits microwave waves in an operating frequency band. Microwave waves enter the window at its first end 38 and exit from it at its second end 39. In the figure, the waveguide 34 is a rectangular waveguide, and the diameter of the circular waveguide section 32 is less than the diagonal of the rectangle.

La fenêtre conforme à l'invention tout comme la fenêtre décrite dans le brevet FR 2 558 306 doit pouvoir travailler dans une large bande de fréquence avec une bonne adaptation et sans "ghost mode".The window according to the invention, like the window described in patent FR 2 558 306, must be able to work in a wide frequency band with good adaptation and without "ghost mode".

Pour cela on place, à chaque jonction entre le guide d'onde 34 et le tronçon de guide d'onde circulaire 32, une paroi 36 munie d'une ouverture 37. Chaque paroi 36 assure une jonction étanche vis à vis de l'extérieur entre le guide d'onde 34 et le tronçon de guide d'onde circulaire 32. Chaque paroi 36 s'étend dans un plan transversal au tronçon de guide d'onde circulaire 32.For this, a wall 36 is provided at each junction between the waveguide 34 and the circular waveguide section 32, provided with an opening 37. Each wall 36 provides a sealed junction with respect to the outside. between the waveguide 34 and the circular waveguide section 32. Each wall 36 extends in a plane transverse to the circular waveguide section 32.

Les parois 36 sont situées au niveau de chaque extrémités 38,39 du tronçon de guide circulaire 32. Chaque paroi 36 ferme une section délimitée par la réunion entre la section droite du tronçon de guide d'onde circulaire 32 et la section droite du guide d'onde 34.The walls 36 are situated at each end 38, 39 of the circular guide section 32. Each wall 36 closes a section delimited by the union between the straight section of the circular wave guide section 32 and the straight section of the guide d wave 34.

A la jonction entre le guide d'onde 34 et le tronçon de guide d'onde circulaire 32, on peut définir une portion 42 de section droite commune aux deux guides 32,34.At the junction between the waveguide 34 and the circular waveguide section 32, it is possible to define a portion 42 of straight section common to the two guides 32,34.

Chaque ouverture 37 est contenue dans cette portion 42 de section droite. La superficie de chaque ouverture est inférieure à celle de la portion 42 de section droite.Each opening 37 is contained in this portion 42 of cross section. The area of each opening is less than that of the portion 42 of cross section.

Les ouvertures 37 seront de préférence identiques elles seront situées dans la partie centrale de chaque paroi 36.The openings 37 will preferably be identical; they will be located in the central part of each wall 36.

Chaque ouverture 37 aura de préférence une forme oblongue. Sa grande dimension sera parallèle au grand côté du guide d'onde 34.Each opening 37 will preferably have an oblong shape. Its large dimension will be parallel to the long side of the waveguide 34.

Chaque paroi 36, munie de son ouverture 37, amène dans le guide d'onde 34 des corrections selfiques et capacitives.Each wall 36, provided with its opening 37, brings in the waveguide 34 selfic and capacitive corrections.

Les corrections selfiques sont données par des portions 40 de paroi, comprises entre chaque petit côté du guide d'onde 34 et le bord de l'ouverture 37 le plus proche de ce petit côté.The inductive corrections are given by portions 40 of wall, included between each short side of the waveguide 34 and the edge of the opening 37 closest to this short side.

Les corrections capacitives sont données par des portions 41 de paroi, comprises entre chaque grand côté du guide d'onde 34 et le bord de l'ouverture 37 le plus proche de ce grand côté.The capacitive corrections are given by wall portions 41, lying between each long side of the waveguide 34 and the edge of the opening 37 closest to this long side.

Ces corrections sont destinées à adapter la fenêtre sur le mode de transmission utilisé dans le guide d'onde 34.These corrections are intended to adapt the window to the transmission mode used in the waveguide 34.

L'expérience montre que l'on peut augmenter et même doubler la longueur L1 du tronçon de guide circulaire 32 par rapport à la longueur du guide de la fenêtre décrite dans le brevet FR 2 558 306. Il est également possible d'augmenter l'épaisseur e1 de la lame 31.Experience shows that we can increase and even double the length L1 of the circular guide section 32 with respect to the length of the window guide described in patent FR 2,558,306. It is also possible to increase the thickness e1 of the blade 31.

On dispose ensuite à l'intérieur du guide d'onde 34, de part et d'autre du tronçon de guide d'onde circulaire 32, un transformateur d'adaptation 35 demi-onde. La longueur d'onde considérée correspond à la fréquence centrale de la bande de fonctionnement du guide d'onde 34.Next, inside the waveguide 34, on either side of the circular waveguide section 32, a half-wave adapter transformer 35. The wavelength considered corresponds to the central frequency of the operating band of the waveguide 34.

Sur les figures 3a, 3b, 3c on voit que chaque paroi 36 comprend une seule cloison qui obture à la fois une extrémité du tronçon de guide circulaire 32 et la section droite du guide d'onde 34. La paroi 36 aurait pu comprendre un ensemble de pièces, par exemple une cloison munie d'une ouverture obturant l'extrémité du tronçon de guide d'onde circulaire 32 et des brides de forme adaptée pour obturer les parties de la section droite du guide d'onde 34 débouchant à l'extérieur du tronçon de guide d'onde circulaire 32.In FIGS. 3a, 3b, 3c it can be seen that each wall 36 comprises a single partition which closes both an end of the circular guide section 32 and the cross section of the wave guide 34. The wall 36 could have included a set of parts, for example a partition provided with an opening closing the end of the circular waveguide section 32 and flanges of suitable shape for closing off the parts of the cross section of the waveguide 34 opening to the outside of the circular waveguide section 32.

Les ouvertures 37 sont sensiblement rectangulaires et leurs grands côtés 43 sont parallèles aux grands côtés du guide d'onde 34.The openings 37 are substantially rectangular and their long sides 43 are parallel to the long sides of the waveguide 34.

La diagonale d de chaque ouverture 37 est alors inférieure au diamètre D1 du tronçon de guide d'onde circulaire 32. La portion 42 de section droite est comprise entre les deux grands côtés du guide d'onde 34 et deux arcs de cercles du tronçon de guide d'onde circulaire 32.The diagonal d of each opening 37 is then less than the diameter D1 of the circular waveguide section 32. The portion 42 of straight section is between the two long sides of the waveguide 34 and two arcs of circles of the section of circular waveguide 32.

On aurait pu envisager que les ouvertures 37 soient rectangulaires avec des angles arrondis ou aient la forme d'un rectangle avec, accolé à chacun de ses petits côtés, un demi-cercle de diamètre égal au petit côté. D'autres formes encore sont possibles.One could have envisaged that the openings 37 are rectangular with rounded angles or have the shape of a rectangle with, attached to each of its short sides, a semicircle of diameter equal to the short side. Still other forms are possible.

Sur les figures 3a, 3b on voit aussi que le transformateur d'adaptation demi onde 35 est constitué par le prolongement d'un des grands côtés 43 de chaque ouverture 37, dans le guide d'onde 34, de part et d'autre du tronçon de guide d'onde circulaire 32.In FIGS. 3a, 3b it can also be seen that the half-wave matching transformer 35 is constituted by the extension of one of the long sides 43 of each opening 37, in the waveguide 34, on either side of the waveguide section circular 32.

Ce prolongement se fait sur un même grand côté du guide d'onde 34, sur une même longueur. Il pourrait être réparti sur les deux grands côtés.This extension is made on the same long side of the waveguide 34, over the same length. It could be spread over the two long sides.

Le transformateur 35 s'étend à l'intérieur du guide d'onde 34, sur tout le grand côté du guide d'onde. La figure 3c le montre. La hauteur du transformateur donc du côté 43 est définie pour obtenir l'adaptation de la fenêtre sur une bande relative de fonctionnement de 30 % par rapport à la fréquence centrale dans le guide d'onde 34.The transformer 35 extends inside the waveguide 34, over the entire long side of the waveguide. Figure 3c shows this. The height of the transformer therefore on the side 43 is defined to obtain the adaptation of the window on a relative operating band of 30% relative to the central frequency in the waveguide 34.

Les essais ont montré qu'en faisant fonctionner une fenêtre conforme à l'invention en bande S et en l'intercalant dans un guide d'onde de type RG48U on obtient des performances de bande très satisfaisante. Le diamètre D1 et l'épaisseur e1 de la lame sont de :

D1
= 66 mm
e1
= 2,1 mm

la largeur de bande de fonctionnement de la fenêtre est de 30 % par rapport à la fréquence centrale de fonctionnement dans le guide de type RG48U.Tests have shown that by operating a window in accordance with the invention in S-band and by intercalating it in a waveguide of the RG48U type, very satisfactory band performance is obtained. The diameter D1 and the thickness e1 of the blade are:
D1
= 66 mm
e1
= 2.1 mm

the operating bandwidth of the window is 30% relative to the central operating frequency in the guide of type RG48U.

La tenue mécanique de la lame diélectrique est proportionnelle à un coefficient   K = (R/e)²
R étant le rayon de la lame et e son épaisseur.The mechanical strength of the dielectric strip is proportional to a coefficient K = (R / e) ²
R being the radius of the blade and e its thickness.

Avec la fenêtre conforme à l'invention testée on obtient un coefficient K = 247.With the window according to the invention tested, a coefficient K = 247 is obtained.

Une fenêtre "pill-box" classique testée dans les mêmes conditions donne les résultants suivants :
   D = 85 mm   e = 3 mm et le coefficient K
est alors K = 201
Sa largeur de bande de fonctionnement est alors de 12 % par rapport à la fréquence centrale de fonctionnement dans le guide de type RG48U.A classic pill-box window tested under the same conditions gives the following results:
D = 85 mm e = 3 mm and the coefficient K
is then K = 201
Its operating bandwidth is then 12% relative to the central operating frequency in the guide of the RG48U type.

Une fenêtre telle que décrite dans le brevet FR 2 558 305 testée dans les mêmes conditions donne les résultats suivants :
   D′ = 55 mm   e′ = 1,8 mm
   K = 233
sa largeur de bande de fonctionnement est de 40 % par rapport à la fréquence centrale de fonctionnement dans le guide de type RG48U.A window as described in patent FR 2,558,305 tested under the same conditions gives the following results:
D ′ = 55 mm e ′ = 1.8 mm
K = 233
its operating bandwidth is 40% compared to the central operating frequency in the guide of type RG48U.

La fenêtre conforme à l'invention, grâce aux ouvertures 37 qui sont réduites par rapport aux sections du guide d'onde 34 et du guide d'onde circulaire 32, permet donc de travailler dans une bande élargie par rapport à la fenêtre "pill-box". Elle a également une tenue mécanique améliorée tout en conservant la technologie extrêmement simple de la fenêtre "pill-box". De plus, ses dimensions sont réduites.The window according to the invention, thanks to the openings 37 which are reduced relative to the sections of the waveguide 34 and of the circular waveguide 32, therefore makes it possible to work in an enlarged band with respect to the window "pill- box". It also has improved mechanical strength while retaining the extremely simple technology of the pill-box window. In addition, its dimensions are reduced.

En se référant à la figure 4, on va décrire maintenant un mode de réalisation pratique d'une fenêtre conforme à l'invention.Referring to Figure 4, we will now describe a practical embodiment of a window according to the invention.

On commence par braser la lame 31 en matériau diélectrique tel que de la céramique, dans un tronçon de guide d'onde circulaire. On rapporte par brasage aux deux extrémités 38,39 du tronçon de guide d'onde circulaire les parois 36 qui peuvent être réalisées par des plaques métalliques en cuivre par exemple. Leur forme est adaptée pour obturer à la fois la section droite du tronçon de guide circulaire 32 et la section droite du guide d'onde 34. On fixe par brasage sur chaque paroi 36, le guide d'onde 34, de part et d'autre du tronçon de guide d'onde circulaire 32. Chaque paroi 36 comporte une ouverture 37 dans sa partie centrale.We start by brazing the blade 31 of dielectric material such as ceramic, in a circular waveguide section. The walls 36 which can be produced by metallic plates of copper for example, are reported by brazing at the two ends 38, 39 of the circular waveguide section. Their shape is adapted to close both the cross section of the circular guide section 32 and the cross section of the wave guide 34. The wave guide 34 is fixed on each side 36 by brazing other of the circular waveguide section 32. Each wall 36 has an opening 37 in its central part.

Deux brides de fixation 50 peuvent être utilisées pour assurer un raccordement étanche entre le guide d'onde 34 et le tronçon de guide d'onde circulaire 32.Two fixing flanges 50 can be used to ensure a tight connection between the waveguide 34 and the circular waveguide section 32.

Le transformateur 35 peut être réalisé par deux plaques métalliques, identiques, en cuivre par exemple. Chaque plaque est par exemple brasée, à plat à l'intérieur du guide d'onde 34, sur un de ses grands côtés et sur la paroi 36.The transformer 35 can be produced by two identical metal plates, made of copper for example. Each plate is for example brazed, flat inside the waveguide 34, on one of its long sides and on the wall 36.

Claims (8)

  1. UHF window including:
       - a circular plate (31) of dielectric material, mounted in a circular waveguide segment (32) having substantially the same diameter as the plate (31), the circular waveguide segment (32) being linked at its ends (38, 39) to a rectangular waveguide (34) containing a matching transformer (35), at each end of the circular waveguide segment (32), a wall (36) providing a sealed junction with respect to the outside, between the rectangular waveguide (34) and the circular waveguide segment (32), each wall (36) being equipped with an aperture (37) included in a cross-sectional portion (42) common to the rectangular waveguide (34) with its matching transformer and to the circular waveguide segment (32), the diameter of the circular waveguide being less than the diagonal of the rectangle, characterized in that the surface area of the aperture (37) is strictly less than the surface area of the cross-sectional portion (42).
  2. UHF window according to Claim 1, characterized in that each wall (36) is transverse to the circular waveguide segment (32).
  3. UHF window according to one of Claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the apertures (37) are identical.
  4. UHF window according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that each aperture (37) is oblong.
  5. UHF window according to Claim 4, characterized in that the large dimension of the aperture is parallel to the large sides of the waveguide (34).
  6. UHF window according to one of Claims 4 or 5, characterized in that each aperture (37) is substantially rectangular.
  7. UHF window according to Claim 6, characterized in that the matching transformer (35) consists of the extension of one large side (43) of each aperture (37) on the corresponding side of the waveguide (34).
  8. UHF window according to Claim 7, characterized in that each side (43) extends over the same length, so as to obtain a half-wave transformer in the rectangular waveguide (34).
EP90402854A 1989-10-17 1990-10-12 Broadband power microwave window Expired - Lifetime EP0424221B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8913535A FR2653272A1 (en) 1989-10-17 1989-10-17 WIDEBAND POWERFUL HYPERFREQUENCY WINDOW WITH IMPROVED MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL STRENGTHS.
FR8913535 1989-10-17

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0424221A1 EP0424221A1 (en) 1991-04-24
EP0424221B1 true EP0424221B1 (en) 1995-03-15

Family

ID=9386464

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90402854A Expired - Lifetime EP0424221B1 (en) 1989-10-17 1990-10-12 Broadband power microwave window

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US5072202A (en)
EP (1) EP0424221B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH03145201A (en)
DE (1) DE69017829T2 (en)
FR (1) FR2653272A1 (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103094645A (en) * 2013-01-06 2013-05-08 中国科学院等离子体物理研究所 Novel high-power microwave vacuum ceramic window
CN104037473A (en) * 2014-06-06 2014-09-10 电子科技大学 Novel ultra wide band box type output window

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2803454B1 (en) * 1999-12-30 2003-05-16 Thomson Tubes Electroniques MICROWAVE PULSE GENERATOR WITH INTEGRATED PULSE COMPRESSOR
US6867401B2 (en) 2001-08-16 2005-03-15 Communications & Power Industries, Inc. Waveguide foreign object damage prevention window
FR2902931B1 (en) * 2006-06-23 2009-01-23 Org Europeene De Rech ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE GUIDE COMPRISING A TOOL
RU2573662C1 (en) * 2014-07-17 2016-01-27 Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Научно-производственное предприятие "Торий" Waveguide window for input and/or output of microwave energy
JP2022183690A (en) * 2021-05-31 2022-12-13 Ｎｅｃネットワーク・センサ株式会社 Pillbox type transmission window and manufacturing method thereof

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US3387237A (en) * 1965-12-27 1968-06-04 Varian Associates Microwave window
US3436694A (en) * 1966-07-28 1969-04-01 Microwave Ass Controlling ghost-mode resonant frequencies in sealed waveguide windows
DE1765640A1 (en) * 1968-06-22 1971-08-26 Philips Patentverwaltung Waveguide arrangement with a dielectric window
FR2127095A5 (en) * 1971-02-23 1972-10-13 Thomson Csf
FR2472279A1 (en) * 1979-12-18 1981-06-26 Thomson Csf HYPERFREQUENCY WINDOW AND WAVEGUIDE HAVING SUCH A WINDOW
FR2558306B1 (en) * 1984-01-17 1988-01-22 Thomson Csf CIRCULAR WINDOW FOR MICROWAVE WAVEGUIDE
US4556854A (en) * 1984-06-29 1985-12-03 Litton Systems, Inc. Microwave window and matching structure

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103094645A (en) * 2013-01-06 2013-05-08 中国科学院等离子体物理研究所 Novel high-power microwave vacuum ceramic window
CN103094645B (en) * 2013-01-06 2015-11-18 中国科学院等离子体物理研究所 Novel high-power microwave vacuum ceramic window
CN104037473A (en) * 2014-06-06 2014-09-10 电子科技大学 Novel ultra wide band box type output window
CN104037473B (en) * 2014-06-06 2017-04-05 电子科技大学 New ultrabroad band cell type output window

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH03145201A (en) 1991-06-20
EP0424221A1 (en) 1991-04-24
US5072202A (en) 1991-12-10
FR2653272B1 (en) 1993-02-26
DE69017829D1 (en) 1995-04-20
DE69017829T2 (en) 1995-08-03
FR2653272A1 (en) 1991-04-19

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