EP0508867A1 - Transition between a waveguide and a coaxial line - Google Patents

Transition between a waveguide and a coaxial line Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0508867A1
EP0508867A1 EP92400944A EP92400944A EP0508867A1 EP 0508867 A1 EP0508867 A1 EP 0508867A1 EP 92400944 A EP92400944 A EP 92400944A EP 92400944 A EP92400944 A EP 92400944A EP 0508867 A1 EP0508867 A1 EP 0508867A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
waveguide
transition
transition according
long side
cylinder
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP92400944A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Loic Plante
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Thales Electron Devices SA
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Thomson Tubes Electroniques
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/08—Coupling devices of the waveguide type for linking dissimilar lines or devices
    • H01P5/10—Coupling devices of the waveguide type for linking dissimilar lines or devices for coupling balanced lines or devices with unbalanced lines or devices
    • H01P5/103—Hollow-waveguide/coaxial-line transitions

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to transitions between a waveguide and a coaxial line.
  • the transitions are used to connect, in a microwave circuit, transmission elements of a different nature. Indeed, in a microwave circuit, the power used must be transported from one point to another of the circuit.
  • Microwave circuits use transmission elements of various types, for example, hollow waveguides, coaxial lines, microstrip lines, etc.
  • the choice between these various transmission elements is dictated by the power levels to be transmitted or by considerations of space or economy. It is frequent that one is brought to use in the same circuit, to connect for example, a microwave source to a device of use, transmission elements of different types. The choice of these elements makes it possible to optimize certain parameters.
  • the connection between different transmission elements gives rise to difficulties because there is often a mismatch between the electromagnetic modes which can propagate in the transmission elements to be connected. This means that, geometrically, the electromagnetic field lines do not have the same orientation in the transmission elements to be connected. If suitable precautions are not taken, the coupling between the two transmission elements is bad, there is loss of energy and even reflections of part of the energy towards the source. These reflections induce oscillations in the transmission element and they can even be fatal for the source.
  • the purpose of the transitions used to connect two elements different type of transmission is to minimize losses and reflections.
  • door-knob in Anglo-Saxon literature
  • the coaxial line works in TEM mode
  • the waveguide generally rectangular, works in TE10 mode.
  • the inner conductor of the coaxial line opens into the waveguide by passing through a first wall of the guide.
  • the transition extends the inner conductor. It is swollen, has a characteristic shape of a door knob and ends in contact with a second wall of the guide opposite to the first wall.
  • the drondes guide is closed by a short circuit near the transition.
  • This bandwidth corresponds to approximately a few percent of that of the transmission elements to be connected. Outside this bandwidth, the transition has a high standing wave ratio (ROS). Operation outside the bandwidth causes losses and distortions and even very annoying parasitic oscillations for the microwave source.
  • ROS standing wave ratio
  • the present invention provides a particularly simple solution for achieving a door button type transition.
  • This transition has a much wider bandwidth than that of conventional transitions of the same type. It is made with extremely simple elements. As a result, the cost is particularly low.
  • the present invention provides a transition between a waveguide with a short circuit and a coaxial line.
  • the coaxial line is provided with an internal conductor penetrating into the waveguide.
  • the transition extends the inner conductor between a first wall of the guide and a second wall of the guide opposite the first wall.
  • the transition includes, at from the first wall, a cone-shaped part, the base of which rests on a cylindrical part itself resting on the second wall.
  • the diameter of the cylinder is greater than the diameter of the base of the cone.
  • the short circuit is in contact with the lateral surface of the cylinder on a half-circumference.
  • the waveguide is rectangular and the base of the cylinder rests on a long side of the waveguide.
  • the angle at the top of the cone is between 60 ° and 90 °.
  • the cone can be truncated.
  • the diameter of the cylinder is between half and the long side of the waveguide.
  • the height of the cylinder is substantially equal to half the distance between the two opposite walls of the waveguide.
  • the transition is adapted in a frequency band, by a correction placed in the waveguide, beyond the transition with respect to the short-circuit.
  • the correction can take the form of an inductive bar fixed to a small side of the waveguide. A distance, about a wavelength of the upper frequency of the band to be transmitted, separates it from the main axis of the inner conductor.
  • the thickness of the inductive rod is approximately one tenth of the long side of the waveguide and its width twice the said thickness.
  • the correction can take the form of a capacitive pin fixed to a long side of the waveguide. A distance of about half a wavelength from the upper frequency of the band to be transmitted separates it from the main axis of the inner conductor.
  • the diameter of the capacitive pin is about a fifth of the long side of the drondon guide and its height a quarter of the short side.
  • the transition shown in Figure 1 is of the door button type. It connects a coaxial line 1 to a waveguide 2.
  • the waveguide 2 is rectangular.
  • the coaxial line 1 is substantially perpendicular to the waveguide 2.
  • the coaxial line 1 concentrically has an inner conductor 3 and an outer conductor 4.
  • One end of the coaxial line 1 is connected to the waveguide 2.
  • the transition extends the inner conductor 3 in the waveguide 2.
  • the inner conductor 3 enters the waveguide 2 through an opening 5 located in a first wall 8 of the waveguide 2. It is a large side of the waveguide 2 rectangular.
  • the outer conductor 4 is in contact with the wall 8 of the rectangular waveguide 2.
  • the transition comprises a bulged element 6, in the form of a door knob. This element 6 ends in contact with the other long side of the rectangular waveguide 2.
  • the other end of the coaxial line 1 can for example be connected to a microwave generator (not shown).
  • One of the ends of the waveguide 2 is closed by a short circuit 7 placed near the bulged element 6. A space 9 separates them.
  • the other end of the rectangular waveguide 2 is open and can be connected to a user device (not shown).
  • FIG. 2A is a longitudinal section of a transition according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2B is a section along the section plane, the trace bb ′ of which is indicated in FIG. 2A.
  • the transition shown makes it possible to connect a coaxial line 20, of axis XX ′, to a waveguide 21.
  • the axis XX ⁇ is substantially perpendicular to the main axis of the waveguide 21.
  • the coaxial line 20 includes an inner conductor 23 and an outer conductor 24 mounted coaxially.
  • the waveguide 21 shown is rectangular. This is just an example, it could have been square or elliptical.
  • the outer conductor 23 comes into contact with a first wall 22 of the waveguide 21.
  • the transition extends the inner conductor 23, inside the waveguide 21, between this first wall 22 and a second wall 25 opposite to the first wall 22.
  • the walls 22.25 are long sides of the waveguide 21 in FIGS. 2A, 2B.
  • the transition comprises a massive part 27 surmounted by a flared part 26.
  • the flared part 26 is connected to the central conductor 23 at its small end and to the massive part at its large end.
  • the solid part 27 is in contact with the second wall 25 of the waveguide 21.
  • the solid part 27 forms a rim 28 around the large end of the flared part 26.
  • the flared part 26 is conical and the solid part 27 is cylindrical.
  • the base of the cone is in contact with the base of the cylinder.
  • the diameter (D) of the cylinder is between half and the long side of the waveguide 21.
  • the diameter (d) of the base of the cone is less than the diameter (D) of the cylinder.
  • the rim 28 is located around the base of the cone.
  • the height of the cylinder is approximately half of the short side of the waveguide 21. The sum of the cylinder and cone heights is strictly less than the short side of waveguide 21.
  • the angle at the top of the cone is preferably between 60 ° and 90 °.
  • the waveguide 21 has one end closed by a short circuit 30, in contact with the solid part 27.
  • the short circuit 30 is supported on the side wall of the cylinder and extends over its half circumference. The ends of the short circuit 30 are then located in a plane passing through the axis XX ′.
  • the coaxial line 20 and the waveguide 21 are intended to transmit microwave waves in a frequency band.
  • the coaxial line as described in Figure 1, can be connected to a microwave generator and the other end of the waveguide to a user device.
  • a correction can be placed in the waveguide 21 to adapt the transition.
  • FIGS. 2A, 2B it is a selfic correction which has been used. It is a bar 29 fixed on one of the short sides of the waveguide 21. This short side is indifferent. The distance L which separates the bar 29 from the axis XX ′ of the internal conductor 23 is approximately the wavelength of the upper frequency of the strip to be transmitted in the waveguide 21.
  • the thickness of the bar 29 is approximately one tenth of the long side of the waveguide 21.
  • the width of the bar 29 is approximately twice the said thickness.
  • FIG. 3 represents the standing wave ratio (ROS) of the transition, represented in FIGS. 2A, 2B in the frequency band to be transmitted.
  • ROS standing wave ratio
  • FIGS. 4A, 4B represent a variant of a transition according to the invention.
  • the transition instead of having a tapered flared part now has a flared part 46 frustoconical.
  • the large base of the truncated cone is connected to a solid part 47.
  • the solid part 47 is cylindrical.
  • the massive part 47 forms a rim 48 around the large base of the frustoconical part 46.
  • the height of the frustoconical part 46 is less than that of the conical part 26.
  • the massive parts have substantially the same height.
  • the apex angle that the cone corresponding to the truncated cone would have is preferably between 60 ° and 90 °.
  • a capacitive correction instead of using a selfic correction to adapt the transition, we used a capacitive correction. It is a capacitive pin 49. It is fixed on a long side of the waveguide 21 substantially in its middle part, beyond the transition relative to the short-circuit 30.
  • the capacitive pin 49 is given a diameter of approximately one fifth of the long side of the waveguide 21 and a height of about a quarter of the short side of the waveguide 21.
  • the pin 49, in FIG. 4A, is fixed to the second wall 25 of the waveguide 21 just like the massive part 47. It could of course be fixed on the first wall 22 of the waveguide 21.
  • FIG. 5 represents the curve of the standing wave ratio (ROS) of the transition of FIGS. 4A, 4B in the frequency band to be transmitted.
  • the curve shows that the bandwidth of the transition is significantly widened, towards the high frequencies, compared to the transition with inductive correction.
  • a transition according to the invention with inductive correction allows the transmission of peak powers greater than those authorized with the transition with capacitive correction. Indeed, the bar is further from the transition than the capacitive pin.
  • angles of the conical 26 or frustoconical part 46 are broken, at the level of the rim 28, 48 to facilitate machining.

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Abstract

The present invention relates to a transition between a waveguide (21) and a coaxial line (20) provided with an inner conductor (23) penetrating into the waveguide (21). The transition extends the inner conductor (23) between a first wall (22) of the waveguide (21) and a second wall (25) opposite the first. The transition includes a solid portion (27) surmounted by a flared portion (26). The solid portion (27) forms a rim (28) around the large end of the flared portion (26). A short-circuit (30) in contact with the solid portion (27) closes the waveguide (21). <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention se rapporte aux transitions entre un guide d'ondes et une ligne coaxiale. Les transitions sont utilisées pour relier, dans un circuit hyperfréquence, des éléments de transmission de nature différente. En effet, dans un circuit hyperfréquence, la puissance mise en oeuvre doit être transportée d'un point à l'autre du circuit. Les circuits hyperfréquences utilisent des éléments de transmission de types divers, par exemple, des guides d'ondes creux, des lignes coaxiales, des lignes microbandes....The present invention relates to transitions between a waveguide and a coaxial line. The transitions are used to connect, in a microwave circuit, transmission elements of a different nature. Indeed, in a microwave circuit, the power used must be transported from one point to another of the circuit. Microwave circuits use transmission elements of various types, for example, hollow waveguides, coaxial lines, microstrip lines, etc.

Le choix entre ces divers éléments de transmission est dicté par les niveaux de puissance à transmettre ou par des considérations d'encombrement ou d'économie. Il est fréquent que l'on soit amené à utiliser dans un même circuit, pour relier par exemple, une source hyperfréquence à un dispositif d'utilisation, des éléments de transmission de types différents. Le choix de ces éléments permet d'optimiser certains paramètres. La liaison entre des éléments de transmission différents entraîne des difficultés car il y a souvent non concordance entre les modes électromagnétiques pouvant se propager dans les éléments de transmission à relier. Cela signifie que, géométriquement, les lignes de champ électromagnétique n'ont pas la même orientation dans les éléments de transmission à relier. Si des précautions convenables ne sont pas prises, le couplage entre les deux éléments de transmission est mauvais, il se produit des pertes d'énergie et même des réflexions d'une partie de l'énergie vers la source. Ces réflexions induisent des oscillations dans l'élément de transmission et elles peuvent même être fatales pour la source.The choice between these various transmission elements is dictated by the power levels to be transmitted or by considerations of space or economy. It is frequent that one is brought to use in the same circuit, to connect for example, a microwave source to a device of use, transmission elements of different types. The choice of these elements makes it possible to optimize certain parameters. The connection between different transmission elements gives rise to difficulties because there is often a mismatch between the electromagnetic modes which can propagate in the transmission elements to be connected. This means that, geometrically, the electromagnetic field lines do not have the same orientation in the transmission elements to be connected. If suitable precautions are not taken, the coupling between the two transmission elements is bad, there is loss of energy and even reflections of part of the energy towards the source. These reflections induce oscillations in the transmission element and they can even be fatal for the source.

Le but des transitions utilisées pour relier deux éléments de transmission de type différent est de minimiser pertes et réflexions.The purpose of the transitions used to connect two elements different type of transmission is to minimize losses and reflections.

Une transition dite "bouton de porte "("door-knob" dans la littérature anglo-saxonne) est bien connue pour relier une ligne coaxiale et un guide d'ondes. La ligne coaxiale fonctionne en mode TEM, le guide d'ondes, généralement rectangulaire, fonctionne en mode TE10.A transition called "door-knob" ("door-knob" in Anglo-Saxon literature) is well known for connecting a coaxial line and a waveguide. The coaxial line works in TEM mode, the waveguide, generally rectangular, works in TE10 mode.

Le conducteur intérieur de la ligne coaxiale débouche dans le guide d'ondes en traversant une première paroi du guide. La transition prolonge le conducteur intérieur. Elle est renflée, a une forme caractéristique de bouton de porte et se termine en contact avec une deuxième paroi du guide opposée à la première paroi. Le guide drondes est fermé par un court circuit à proximité de la transition.The inner conductor of the coaxial line opens into the waveguide by passing through a first wall of the guide. The transition extends the inner conductor. It is swollen, has a characteristic shape of a door knob and ends in contact with a second wall of the guide opposite to the first wall. The drondes guide is closed by a short circuit near the transition.

Le principal inconvénient de telles transitions est l'étroitesse de leur bande passante.The main drawback of such transitions is the narrowness of their bandwidth.

Cette bande passante correspond environ à quelques pour cents de celle des éléments de transmission à relier. En dehors de cette bande passante, la transition a un rapport d'ondes stationnaires (ROS) élevé. Un fonctionnement en dehors de la bande passante occasionne des pertes et des distorsions et même des oscillations parasites très fâcheuses pour la source hyperfréquence.This bandwidth corresponds to approximately a few percent of that of the transmission elements to be connected. Outside this bandwidth, the transition has a high standing wave ratio (ROS). Operation outside the bandwidth causes losses and distortions and even very annoying parasitic oscillations for the microwave source.

La présente invention fournit une solution particulièrement simple pour la réalisation d'une transition de type bouton de porte. Cette transition possède une bande passante beaucoup plus large que celle des transitions classiques du même type. Elle est réalisée avec des éléments de forme extrêmement simple. En conséquence sont coût est particulièrement bas.The present invention provides a particularly simple solution for achieving a door button type transition. This transition has a much wider bandwidth than that of conventional transitions of the same type. It is made with extremely simple elements. As a result, the cost is particularly low.

La présente invention propose une transition entre un guide d'ondes avec un court-circuit et une ligne coaxiale. La ligne coaxiale est pourvue d'un conducteur intérieur pénétrant dans le guide d'ondes. La transition prolonge le conducteur intérieur entre une première paroi du guide et une seconde paroi du guide opposée à la première paroi. La transition comporte, à partir de la première paroi, une partie en forme de cône dont la base repose sur une partie cylindrique elle même reposant sur la seconde paroi. Le diamètre du cylindre est supérieur au diamètre de la base du cône. Le court-circuit est en contact avec la surface latérale du cylindre sur une demie-circonférence.The present invention provides a transition between a waveguide with a short circuit and a coaxial line. The coaxial line is provided with an internal conductor penetrating into the waveguide. The transition extends the inner conductor between a first wall of the guide and a second wall of the guide opposite the first wall. The transition includes, at from the first wall, a cone-shaped part, the base of which rests on a cylindrical part itself resting on the second wall. The diameter of the cylinder is greater than the diameter of the base of the cone. The short circuit is in contact with the lateral surface of the cylinder on a half-circumference.

De préférence, le guide d'ondes est rectangulaire et la base du cylindre repose sur un grand côté du guide d'ondes.Preferably, the waveguide is rectangular and the base of the cylinder rests on a long side of the waveguide.

De préférence, l'angle au sommet du cône est compris entre 60° et 90°. Le cône peut être tronqué.Preferably, the angle at the top of the cone is between 60 ° and 90 °. The cone can be truncated.

De préférence, le diamètre du cylindre est compris entre la moitié et le grand côté du guide d'ondes.Preferably, the diameter of the cylinder is between half and the long side of the waveguide.

De préférence, la hauteur du cylindre est sensiblement égale à la moitié de la distance entre les deux parois opposées du guide d'ondes.Preferably, the height of the cylinder is substantially equal to half the distance between the two opposite walls of the waveguide.

De préférence, la transition est adaptée dans une bande de fréquences, par une correction placée dans le guide d'ondes, au delà de la transition par rapport au court-circuit.Preferably, the transition is adapted in a frequency band, by a correction placed in the waveguide, beyond the transition with respect to the short-circuit.

La correction peut prendre la forme d'un barreau selfique fixé à un petit côté du guide d'ondes. Une distance, d'environ une longueur d'onde de la fréquence supérieure de la bande à transmettre, le sépare de l'axe principal du conducteur intérieur.The correction can take the form of an inductive bar fixed to a small side of the waveguide. A distance, about a wavelength of the upper frequency of the band to be transmitted, separates it from the main axis of the inner conductor.

L'épaisseur du barreau selfique est environ un dixième du grand côté du guide d'ondes et sa largeur deux fois la dite épaisseur.The thickness of the inductive rod is approximately one tenth of the long side of the waveguide and its width twice the said thickness.

La correction peut prendre la forme d'un pion capacitif fixé à un grand côté du guide d'ondes. Une distance, d'environ une demie longueur d'onde de la fréquence supérieure de la bande à transmettre, le sépare de l'axe principal du conducteur intérieur.The correction can take the form of a capacitive pin fixed to a long side of the waveguide. A distance of about half a wavelength from the upper frequency of the band to be transmitted separates it from the main axis of the inner conductor.

Le diamètre du pion capacitif est environ un cinquième du grand côté du guide drondes et sa hauteur un quart du petit côté.The diameter of the capacitive pin is about a fifth of the long side of the drondon guide and its height a quarter of the short side.

La présente invention sera mieux comprise et d'autres caractéristiques apparaîtront à l'aide de la description suivante et des figures qui représentent :

  • la figure 1 une coupe transversale d'une transition classique de type bouton de porte ;
  • les figures 2A, 2B des coupes d'une transition selon l'invention;
  • la figure 3 une courbe du rapport d'ondes stationnaires en fonction de la fréquence de la transition représentée aux figures 2A, 2B;
  • les figures 4A, 4B des coupes d'une variante d'une transition selon l'invention;
  • la figure 5 une courbe du rapport drondes stationnaires en fonction de la fréquence de la transition représentée aux figures 4A, 4B.
The present invention will be better understood and other characteristics will appear from the description. following and figures which represent:
  • Figure 1 a cross section of a conventional transition door button type;
  • FIGS. 2A, 2B sections of a transition according to the invention;
  • Figure 3 a curve of the standing wave ratio as a function of the frequency of the transition shown in Figures 2A, 2B;
  • FIGS. 4A, 4B sections of a variant of a transition according to the invention;
  • FIG. 5 a curve of the stationary drondon ratio as a function of the frequency of the transition shown in FIGS. 4A, 4B.

La transition représentée sur la figure 1 est de type bouton de porte. Elle permet de relier une ligne coaxiale 1 à un guide d'ondes 2. Le guide d'ondes 2 est rectangulaire. La ligne coaxiale 1 est sensiblement perpendiculaire au guide d'ondes 2. La ligne coaxiale 1 comporte concentriquement un conducteur intérieur 3 et un conducteur extérieur 4. Une extrémité de la ligne coaxiale 1 est reliée au guide d'ondes 2. La transition prolonge le conducteur intérieur 3 dans le guide d'ondes 2. Le conducteur intérieur 3 pénètre dans le guide d'ondes 2 par une ouverture 5 située dans une première paroi 8 du guide d'ondes 2. Il s'agit d'un grand côté du guide d'ondes 2 rectangulaire. Le conducteur extérieur 4 est en contact avec la paroi 8 du guide d'ondes 2 rectangulaire. La transition comporte un élément 6 renflé, en forme de bouton de porte. Cet élément 6 se termine en contact avec l'autre grand côté du guide d'ondes 2 rectangulaire. L'autre extrémité de la ligne coaxiale 1 peut être par exemple, reliée à un générateur d'ondes hyperfréquences (non représenté).The transition shown in Figure 1 is of the door button type. It connects a coaxial line 1 to a waveguide 2. The waveguide 2 is rectangular. The coaxial line 1 is substantially perpendicular to the waveguide 2. The coaxial line 1 concentrically has an inner conductor 3 and an outer conductor 4. One end of the coaxial line 1 is connected to the waveguide 2. The transition extends the inner conductor 3 in the waveguide 2. The inner conductor 3 enters the waveguide 2 through an opening 5 located in a first wall 8 of the waveguide 2. It is a large side of the waveguide 2 rectangular. The outer conductor 4 is in contact with the wall 8 of the rectangular waveguide 2. The transition comprises a bulged element 6, in the form of a door knob. This element 6 ends in contact with the other long side of the rectangular waveguide 2. The other end of the coaxial line 1 can for example be connected to a microwave generator (not shown).

Une des extrémités du guide d'ondes 2 est fermée par un court-circuit 7 placé à proximité de l'élément renflé 6. Un espace 9 les sépare.One of the ends of the waveguide 2 is closed by a short circuit 7 placed near the bulged element 6. A space 9 separates them.

L'autre extrémité du guide d'ondes 2 rectangulaire est ouverte et peut être reliée à un dispositif utilisateur (non représenté).The other end of the rectangular waveguide 2 is open and can be connected to a user device (not shown).

La figure 2A est une coupe longitudinale d'une transition selon l'invention.FIG. 2A is a longitudinal section of a transition according to the invention.

La figure 2B est une coupe selon le plan de coupe dont la trace bb′ est indiquée sur la figure 2A. La transition représentée permet de relier une ligne coaxiale 20, d'axe XX′, à un guide d'ondes 21. L'axe XX˝ est sensiblement perpendiculaire à l'axe principal du guide d'ondes 21. Comme sur la figure 1, la ligne coaxiale 20 comporte un conducteur intérieur 23 et un conducteur extérieur 24 montés coaxialement. Le guide d'ondes 21 représenté est rectangulaire. Ce n'est qu'un exemple, il aurait pu être carré ou elliptique. Le conducteur extérieur 23 vient en contact avec une première paroi 22 du guide d'ondes 21. La transition prolonge le conducteur intérieur 23, à l'intérieur du guide d'ondes 21, entre cette première paroi 22 et une seconde paroi 25 opposée à la première paroi 22. Les parois 22,25 sont des grands côtés du guide d'ondes 21 sur les figures 2A, 2B.FIG. 2B is a section along the section plane, the trace bb ′ of which is indicated in FIG. 2A. The transition shown makes it possible to connect a coaxial line 20, of axis XX ′, to a waveguide 21. The axis XX˝ is substantially perpendicular to the main axis of the waveguide 21. As in FIG. 1 , the coaxial line 20 includes an inner conductor 23 and an outer conductor 24 mounted coaxially. The waveguide 21 shown is rectangular. This is just an example, it could have been square or elliptical. The outer conductor 23 comes into contact with a first wall 22 of the waveguide 21. The transition extends the inner conductor 23, inside the waveguide 21, between this first wall 22 and a second wall 25 opposite to the first wall 22. The walls 22.25 are long sides of the waveguide 21 in FIGS. 2A, 2B.

A l'intérieur du guide d'ondes 21, la transition comporte une partie massive 27 surmontée d'une partie évasée 26. La partie évasée 26 est reliée au conducteur central 23 au niveau de sa petite extrémité et à la partie massive au niveau de sa grande extrémité. La partie massive 27 est en contact avec la seconde paroi 25 du guide d'ondes 21. La partie massive 27 forme un rebord 28 autour de la grande extrémité de la partie évasée 26.Inside the waveguide 21, the transition comprises a massive part 27 surmounted by a flared part 26. The flared part 26 is connected to the central conductor 23 at its small end and to the massive part at its large end. The solid part 27 is in contact with the second wall 25 of the waveguide 21. The solid part 27 forms a rim 28 around the large end of the flared part 26.

Sur les figures 2A, 2B la partie évasée 26 est conique et la partie massive 27 est cylindrique. La base du cône est en contact avec la base du cylindre. De préférence, le diamètre (D) du cylindre est compris entre la moitié et le grand côté du guide d'ondes 21. Le diamètre (d) de la base du cône est inférieur au diamètre (D) du cylindre. Le rebord 28 est situé autour de la base du cône. La hauteur du cylindre est environ la moitié du petit côté du guide d'ondes 21. La somme des hauteurs du cylindre et du cône est strictement inférieure au petit côté du guide d'ondes 21.In FIGS. 2A, 2B the flared part 26 is conical and the solid part 27 is cylindrical. The base of the cone is in contact with the base of the cylinder. Preferably, the diameter (D) of the cylinder is between half and the long side of the waveguide 21. The diameter (d) of the base of the cone is less than the diameter (D) of the cylinder. The rim 28 is located around the base of the cone. The height of the cylinder is approximately half of the short side of the waveguide 21. The sum of the cylinder and cone heights is strictly less than the short side of waveguide 21.

L'angle au sommet du cône est de préférence compris entre 60° et 90°.The angle at the top of the cone is preferably between 60 ° and 90 °.

Le guide d'ondes 21 a une extrémité fermée par un court circuit 30, en contact avec la pièce massive 27. Sur les figures 2A, 2B, le court-circuit 30 prend appui sur la paroi latérale du cylindre et s'étend sur sa demie circonférence. Les extrémités du court-circuit 30 sont alors situées dans un plan passant par l'axe XX′.The waveguide 21 has one end closed by a short circuit 30, in contact with the solid part 27. In FIGS. 2A, 2B, the short circuit 30 is supported on the side wall of the cylinder and extends over its half circumference. The ends of the short circuit 30 are then located in a plane passing through the axis XX ′.

La ligne coaxiale 20 et le guide d'ondes 21 sont destinés à transmettre des ondes hyperfréquences dans une bande de fréquences. La ligne coaxiale, comme on l'a décrit à la figure 1, peut être connectée à un générateur d'ondes hyperfréquences et l'autre extrémité du guide d'ondes à un dispositif utilisateur.The coaxial line 20 and the waveguide 21 are intended to transmit microwave waves in a frequency band. The coaxial line, as described in Figure 1, can be connected to a microwave generator and the other end of the waveguide to a user device.

Une correction peut être disposée dans le guide d'ondes 21 pour adapter la transition. Sur les figures 2A, 2B c'est une correction selfique qui a été utilisée. Il s'agit d'un barreau 29 fixé sur un des petits côtés du guide d'ondes 21. Ce petit côté est indifférent. La distance L qui sépare le barreau 29 de l'axe XX′ du conducteur intérieur 23 est environ la longueur d'onde de la fréquence supérieure de la bande a transmettre dans le guide d'ondes 21.A correction can be placed in the waveguide 21 to adapt the transition. In FIGS. 2A, 2B it is a selfic correction which has been used. It is a bar 29 fixed on one of the short sides of the waveguide 21. This short side is indifferent. The distance L which separates the bar 29 from the axis XX ′ of the internal conductor 23 is approximately the wavelength of the upper frequency of the strip to be transmitted in the waveguide 21.

L'épaisseur du barreau 29 est d'environ un dixième du grand côté du guide d'ondes 21. La largeur du barreau 29 est d'environ deux fois la dite épaisseur.The thickness of the bar 29 is approximately one tenth of the long side of the waveguide 21. The width of the bar 29 is approximately twice the said thickness.

La figure 3 représente le rapport d'ondes stationnaires (ROS) de la transition, représentée aux figures 2A, 2B dans la bande de fréquences à transmettre. On voit que la bande passante de la transition est d'environ 40 % avec un rapport d'ondes stationnaires (ROS) inférieur à 1,15.FIG. 3 represents the standing wave ratio (ROS) of the transition, represented in FIGS. 2A, 2B in the frequency band to be transmitted. We see that the bandwidth of the transition is around 40% with a standing wave ratio (ROS) less than 1.15.

Les figures 4A, 4B représentent une variante d'une transition selon l'invention. La transition au lieu de comporter une partie évasée conique comporte maintenant une partie évasée 46 tronconique. La grande base du tronc de cône est reliée à une partie massive 47. Comme précèdemment, la partie massive 47 est cylindrique. La partie massive 47 forme un rebord 48 autour de la grande base de la partie tronconique 46.FIGS. 4A, 4B represent a variant of a transition according to the invention. The transition instead of having a tapered flared part now has a flared part 46 frustoconical. The large base of the truncated cone is connected to a solid part 47. As before, the solid part 47 is cylindrical. The massive part 47 forms a rim 48 around the large base of the frustoconical part 46.

Il n'y a pas de changement ni au niveau de la ligne coaxiale 20, ni au niveau du guide d'ondes 22, ni au niveau du court-circuit 30.There is no change either at the level of the coaxial line 20, or at the level of the waveguide 22, or at the level of the short-circuit 30.

La hauteur de la partie tronconique 46 est inférieure à celle de la partie conique 26. Sur les figures 2A et 4A les parties massives ont sensiblement la même hauteur. L'angle au sommet qu'aurait le cône correspondant au tronc de cône est, de préférence, compris entre 60° et 90°.The height of the frustoconical part 46 is less than that of the conical part 26. In FIGS. 2A and 4A the massive parts have substantially the same height. The apex angle that the cone corresponding to the truncated cone would have is preferably between 60 ° and 90 °.

Au lieu d'utiliser une correction selfique pour adapter la transition, on a utilisé une correction capacitive. Il s'agit d'un pion capacitif 49. Il est fixé sur un grand côté du guide d'ondes 21 sensiblement dans sa partie médiane, au delà de la transition par rapport au court-circuit 30.Instead of using a selfic correction to adapt the transition, we used a capacitive correction. It is a capacitive pin 49. It is fixed on a long side of the waveguide 21 substantially in its middle part, beyond the transition relative to the short-circuit 30.

Il est placé à une distance L' de l'axe XX'. Cette distance L′ est d'environ la moitié de la longueur d'onde de la fréquence supérieure de la bande à transmettre dans le guide d'ondes 21. On donne au pion capacitif 49 un diamètre d'environ un cinquième du grand côté du guide d'ondes 21 et une hauteur d'environ un quart du petit côté du guide d'ondes 21. Le pion 49, sur la figure 4A, est fixé à la seconde paroi 25 du guide d'ondes 21 tout comme la partie massive 47. On pourrait bien sûr le fixer sur la première paroi 22 du guide d'ondes 21.It is placed at a distance L 'from the axis XX'. This distance L ′ is approximately half the wavelength of the upper frequency of the band to be transmitted in the waveguide 21. The capacitive pin 49 is given a diameter of approximately one fifth of the long side of the waveguide 21 and a height of about a quarter of the short side of the waveguide 21. The pin 49, in FIG. 4A, is fixed to the second wall 25 of the waveguide 21 just like the massive part 47. It could of course be fixed on the first wall 22 of the waveguide 21.

La figure 5 représente la courbe du rapport d'ondes stationnaires (ROS) de la transition des figures 4A, 4B dans la bande de fréquences à transmettre. La courbe montre que la bande passante de la transition est sensiblement élargie, vers les hautes fréquences, par rapport à la transition à correction selfique.FIG. 5 represents the curve of the standing wave ratio (ROS) of the transition of FIGS. 4A, 4B in the frequency band to be transmitted. The curve shows that the bandwidth of the transition is significantly widened, towards the high frequencies, compared to the transition with inductive correction.

On peut remarquer, en comparant les figures 2A,2B et 4A, 4B, que l'encombrement de la transition à correction capacitive est inférieur à celui de la transition à correction selfique. En effet le pion capacitif est plus près de la transition que le barreau selfique.It can be noted, by comparing FIGS. 2A, 2B and 4A, 4B, that the size of the capacitive correction transition is less than that of the selfic correction transition. In indeed the capacitive pin is closer to the transition than the inductive rod.

Une transition selon l'invention à correction selfique permet la transmission de puissances crêtes supérieures à celles autorisées avec la transition à correction capacitive. En effet, le barreau est plus éloigné de la transition que le pion capacitif.A transition according to the invention with inductive correction allows the transmission of peak powers greater than those authorized with the transition with capacitive correction. Indeed, the bar is further from the transition than the capacitive pin.

L'avantage de la transition ainsi décrite réside dans l'utilisation d'éléments extrêmement simples. Ses préformances techniques sont intéressantes compte tenu de son faible coût. Une telle transition peut transmettre, aux environs de 10 GHz, plusieurs kilowatts continus et même des puissances crêtes d'une dizaine de kilowatts.The advantage of the transition thus described lies in the use of extremely simple elements. Its technical preformances are interesting given its low cost. Such a transition can transmit, around 10 GHz, several continuous kilowatts and even peak powers of ten kilowatts.

On pourrait envisager que les angles de la partie conique 26 ou tronconique 46 soient cassés, au niveau du rebord 28,48 pour faciliter l'usinage.It could be envisaged that the angles of the conical 26 or frustoconical part 46 are broken, at the level of the rim 28, 48 to facilitate machining.

Claims (11)

1 - Transition entre un guide d'ondes (21) fermé par un court-circuit (30) et une ligne coaxiale (20) pourvue d'un conducteur intérieur (23), la transition prolongeant le conducteur intérieur (23) à l'intérieur du guide d'ondes et comportant, à partir d'une première paroi (22) du guide d'ondes (21), une partie (26) en forme de cône dont la base repose sur une partie massive (27), elle même reposant sur une seconde paroi (25) du guide opposée à la première, caractérisée en ce que la partie massive (27) est un cylindre de diamètre (D) supérieur au diamètre de la base du cône et en ce que le court circuit (30) est en contact avec la surface latérale du cylindre sur une demie circonférence. 1 - Transition between a waveguide (21) closed by a short circuit (30) and a coaxial line (20) provided with an inner conductor (23), the transition extending the inner conductor (23) to the inside the waveguide and comprising, from a first wall (22) of the waveguide (21), a part (26) in the form of a cone, the base of which rests on a solid part (27), it even resting on a second wall (25) of the guide opposite the first, characterized in that the solid part (27) is a cylinder of diameter (D) greater than the diameter of the base of the cone and in that the short circuit ( 30) is in contact with the lateral surface of the cylinder on a half circumference. 2 - Transition selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le guide d'ondes (21) est rectangulaire, la base du cylindre reposant sur un grand côté du guide d'ondes (21). 2 - Transition according to claim 1, characterized in that the waveguide (21) is rectangular, the base of the cylinder resting on a long side of the waveguide (21). 3 - Transition selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que l'angle au sommet du cône est compris entre 60° et 90°. 3 - Transition according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the angle at the top of the cone is between 60 ° and 90 °. 4 - Transition selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce que le cône est tronqué. 4 - Transition according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the cone is truncated. 5 - Transition selon l'une des revendications 2 à 4, caractérisée en ce que le diamètre (D) du cylindre est compris entre la moitié du grand côté du guide d'ondes (21) et le grand côté du guide. 5 - Transition according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the diameter (D) of the cylinder is between half the long side of the waveguide (21) and the long side of the guide. 6 - Transition selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisée en ce que la hauteur du cylindre est égale à environ la moitié de la distance séparant les deux parois (22,25) du guide d'ondes (21). 6 - Transition according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the height of the cylinder is equal to approximately half the distance between the two walls (22,25) of the waveguide (21). 7 - Transition selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisée en ce qu'elle est adaptée dans une bande de fréquences par une correction (29) placée dans le guide d'ondes (21) au delà de la transition par rapport au court circuit (30). 7 - Transition according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it is adapted in a frequency band by a correction (29) placed in the waveguide (21) beyond the transition with respect to the short circuit (30). 8 - Transition selon la revendication 7, caractérisée en ce que la correction est un barreau selfique (29) fixé à un petit côté du guide d'ondes (21), une distance d'environ une longueur d'onde de la fréquence supérieure de la bande de fréquences à transmettre séparant le barreau (29) de l'axe principal du conducteur intérieur (23). 8 - Transition according to claim 7, characterized in that the correction is an inductive rod (29) fixed to a small side of the waveguide (21), a distance of about a wavelength of the upper frequency of the frequency band to be transmitted separating the bar (29) from the main axis of the inner conductor (23). 9 - Transition selon la revendication 8, caractérisée en ce que l'épaisseur du barreau selfique (29) est d'environ un dixième du grand côté du guide d'ondes (21) et en ce que sa largeur est d'environ deux fois la dite épaisseur. 9 - Transition according to claim 8, characterized in that the thickness of the inductive bar (29) is approximately one tenth of the long side of the waveguide (21) and in that its width is approximately twice said thickness. 10 - Transition selon la revendication 7, caractérisée en ce que la correction est un pion capacitif (49) fixé à un grand côté du guides d'ondes (21), une distance d'environ la moitié de la longueur d'onde de la fréquence supérieure de la bande de fréquences à transmettre séparant le pion capacitif (49) de l'axe principal du conducteur intérieur (23). 10 - Transition according to claim 7, characterized in that the correction is a capacitive pin (49) fixed to a long side of the waveguides (21), a distance of about half the wavelength of the higher frequency of the frequency band to be transmitted separating the capacitive pin (49) from the main axis of the inner conductor (23). 11 - Transition selon la revendication 10, caractérisée en ce que le diamètre du pion capacitif (49) est d'environ un cinquième du grand côté du guide d'ondes (21) et en ce que sa hauteur est d'environ un quart du petit côté du guide d'ondes (21). 11 - Transition according to claim 10, characterized in that the diameter of the capacitive pin (49) is approximately one fifth of the long side of the waveguide (21) and in that its height is approximately a quarter of short side of the waveguide (21).
EP92400944A 1991-04-09 1992-04-03 Transition between a waveguide and a coaxial line Withdrawn EP0508867A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9104296 1991-04-09
FR9104296A FR2675313A1 (en) 1991-04-09 1991-04-09 TRANSITION BETWEEN A WAVE GUIDE AND A COAXIAL LINE.

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2699006A1 (en) * 1992-12-04 1994-06-10 Alcatel Espace Waveguide-TEM line transition for satellite communications - has TEM line inserted into waveguide coupling section with stub and short circuit matching
JP2009253737A (en) * 2008-04-08 2009-10-29 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Rotary joint
DE102004021016B4 (en) * 2004-04-29 2015-04-23 Neue Materialien Bayreuth Gmbh Device for feeding microwave radiation into hot process spaces
CN114094297A (en) * 2021-10-11 2022-02-25 广州程星通信科技有限公司 Compact type double-ridge waveguide coaxial converter
WO2023222592A1 (en) * 2022-05-17 2023-11-23 Muegge Gmbh Device for combining or splitting microwaves

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2699006A1 (en) * 1992-12-04 1994-06-10 Alcatel Espace Waveguide-TEM line transition for satellite communications - has TEM line inserted into waveguide coupling section with stub and short circuit matching
DE102004021016B4 (en) * 2004-04-29 2015-04-23 Neue Materialien Bayreuth Gmbh Device for feeding microwave radiation into hot process spaces
JP2009253737A (en) * 2008-04-08 2009-10-29 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Rotary joint
CN114094297A (en) * 2021-10-11 2022-02-25 广州程星通信科技有限公司 Compact type double-ridge waveguide coaxial converter
WO2023222592A1 (en) * 2022-05-17 2023-11-23 Muegge Gmbh Device for combining or splitting microwaves

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