EP0424221B1 - Breitbandiges Leistungs-Mikrowellenfenster - Google Patents

Breitbandiges Leistungs-Mikrowellenfenster Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0424221B1
EP0424221B1 EP90402854A EP90402854A EP0424221B1 EP 0424221 B1 EP0424221 B1 EP 0424221B1 EP 90402854 A EP90402854 A EP 90402854A EP 90402854 A EP90402854 A EP 90402854A EP 0424221 B1 EP0424221 B1 EP 0424221B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
waveguide
circular
window
section
rectangular
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP90402854A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0424221A1 (de
Inventor
Jacques Tikes
Alain Joseph Durand
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thales Electron Devices SA
Original Assignee
Thomson Tubes Electroniques
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thomson Tubes Electroniques filed Critical Thomson Tubes Electroniques
Publication of EP0424221A1 publication Critical patent/EP0424221A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0424221B1 publication Critical patent/EP0424221B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/08—Dielectric windows

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a circular microwave window capable of operating at high power in a wide frequency band.
  • Microwave devices which operate at pressures different from atmospheric pressure require the use of microwave windows. They are intended to isolate these devices from atmospheric pressure but they allow the propagation of microwave waves without introducing reflection or internal resonance.
  • Microwave tubes generally operate at an extremely low pressure while certain components such as circulators, insulators, coaxial lines and waveguides may contain a gas brought to a pressure, higher than atmospheric pressure to increase their resistance in power.
  • a microwave window must have sufficient strength to withstand pressures of the order of several kilograms per square centimeter without damage.
  • a microwave window must withstand brief anomalies such as electric flashes, mechanical stresses such as shock and vibration and temperature variations which can be significant, especially if the window is brazed on a frame or in a waveguide. If this is not the case the window may break, the air will penetrate inside the microwave device and cause its deterioration.
  • the microwave windows can be used in a wide frequency band.
  • This frequency band will correspond to the band working frequencies of the microwave devices in which they are mounted.
  • this window is constituted by a thin blade 1 of a dielectric material brazed in a section of circular waveguide 2.
  • the section of circular waveguide 2 is connected on both sides other to a rectangular waveguide 3.
  • the diameter D of the circular guide 2 (which is also that of the dielectric strip 1) is substantially equal to the diagonal of the rectangular guide 3.
  • the length L of the circular waveguide section 2 is chosen which is substantially equal to half the guided wavelength l g .
  • the pill-box window behaves like a half-wave matching transformer. As a result, the adaptation is correct at the central operating frequency but gradually degrades on each side.
  • This type of window has numerous parasitic resonance modes which reduces its useful operating bandwidth to around 12% compared to the central frequency.
  • the pill-box window is relatively fragile but, from a technological point of view it is easily achievable.
  • microwave windows There are robust microwave windows. They are generally made of thick ceramic. They are mounted in a rectangular waveguide and obstruct the entire cross section of this guide. They have the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped and their thickness corresponds to half a wavelength of the central operating frequency in the rectangular waveguide for an alumina window.
  • Other windows like those described in US Pat. No. 4,556,854 are formed from a thick circular blade mounted in an externally rectangular support. Two rectangular guides are connected to the support by means of joining pieces. These parts are provided with a substantially rectangular opening whose short side is lower than the short side of the rectangular guide and whose long side is substantially equal to the long side of the rectangular guide. The blade has a diameter substantially equal to the short side of the rectangular guide.
  • These windows have an extremely reduced operating band due to the thickness of the ceramic; the operating bandwidth is approximately 5 to 7% of the central operating frequency in the rectangular waveguide for an alumina window.
  • the window comprises a thin circular blade 6 of dielectric material brazed in a section of circular guide 7.
  • the diameter D ′ of the blade is equal to the diameter of the circular guide 7.
  • the ends of this section of circular guide 7 are connected to a rectangular guide 5.
  • the window is equivalent to a resonant volume inside which can develop modes of unwanted parasitic resonances.
  • D ′ of the blade 6 its thickness e ′ and the length L′du of the circular guide section 7.
  • the diameter D ′ between the long side and the short side of the rectangular waveguide 5 is thus chosen. created at the level of the rectangular guide, inductive shutters 8, to obtain an adaptation of the window, on the central frequency of the operating band of the rectangular wave guide 5.
  • the thickness e ′ of the blade 6 is chosen to be as thin as possible, but sufficient to withstand the mechanical and electrical stresses to which it is subjected.
  • a half-wave matching transformer 10 was added, consisting of two elements of the same length, placed on either side of the circular waveguide section 7, inside the rectangular waveguide 5, so that they cover at least one of its long sides. This transformer enables sufficient adaptation to be made over the entire operating frequency band of the rectangular waveguide 5.
  • the diameter of the circular waveguide 7 is between the long side and the short side of the rectangular waveguide 5. Consequently, additional parts must be used to seal between the inside and the outside of the guides, these parts being placed at the junction between the rectangular guide 5 and the two ends of the circular guide section 7. Furthermore, the short length of the circular guide relative to its diameter does not promote its flexibility, necessary to allow differences in expansion between ceramic and guide.
  • the window according to the invention is more solid than the conventional "pill-box" window, it is also easy to produce and it operates in an enlarged frequency band without exhibiting parasitic resonance modes.
  • the invention proposes a microwave window comprising: - a circular blade of dielectric material, mounted in a circular waveguide section having substantially the same diameter as the blade, the circular waveguide section being connected at its ends to a rectangular waveguide containing a matching transformer, at each end of the circular waveguide section, a wall ensuring a tight connection with respect to the outside, between the rectangular waveguide and the circular waveguide section, each wall being provided with an opening included in a portion of cross section common to the rectangular waveguide and to the circular waveguide section, the diameter of the circular waveguide being less than the diagonal of the rectangle, characterized in that the area of the opening is less than the area of the straight section portion.
  • Each wall is transverse to the circular waveguide section.
  • the openings are identical and preferably have an oblong shape.
  • the large dimension of each opening is parallel to the long sides of the rectangular waveguide.
  • the matching transformer can be made up of a long side of each opening on the corresponding side of the rectangular waveguide.
  • the window shown in FIGS. 3a, 3b, 3c comprises a thin blade 31 made of non-porous dielectric material such as alumina for example.
  • This blade 31 is circular, has a diameter D1 and a thickness e1. It is mounted, in a sealed manner, in a circular waveguide section 32 of substantially the same diameter.
  • the circular waveguide section 32 has a length L1.
  • the two ends 38, 39 of this circular waveguide section 32 are connected to a waveguide 34 which transmits microwave waves in an operating frequency band. Microwave waves enter the window at its first end 38 and exit from it at its second end 39.
  • the waveguide 34 is a rectangular waveguide, and the diameter of the circular waveguide section 32 is less than the diagonal of the rectangle.
  • the window according to the invention like the window described in patent FR 2 558 306, must be able to work in a wide frequency band with good adaptation and without "ghost mode".
  • a wall 36 is provided at each junction between the waveguide 34 and the circular waveguide section 32, provided with an opening 37.
  • Each wall 36 provides a sealed junction with respect to the outside. between the waveguide 34 and the circular waveguide section 32.
  • Each wall 36 extends in a plane transverse to the circular waveguide section 32.
  • the walls 36 are situated at each end 38, 39 of the circular guide section 32. Each wall 36 closes a section delimited by the union between the straight section of the circular wave guide section 32 and the straight section of the guide d wave 34.
  • Each opening 37 is contained in this portion 42 of cross section.
  • the area of each opening is less than that of the portion 42 of cross section.
  • the openings 37 will preferably be identical; they will be located in the central part of each wall 36.
  • Each opening 37 will preferably have an oblong shape. Its large dimension will be parallel to the long side of the waveguide 34.
  • Each wall 36 provided with its opening 37, brings in the waveguide 34 selfic and capacitive corrections.
  • the inductive corrections are given by portions 40 of wall, included between each short side of the waveguide 34 and the edge of the opening 37 closest to this short side.
  • the capacitive corrections are given by wall portions 41, lying between each long side of the waveguide 34 and the edge of the opening 37 closest to this long side.
  • a half-wave adapter transformer 35 Inside the waveguide 34, on either side of the circular waveguide section 32, a half-wave adapter transformer 35.
  • the wavelength considered corresponds to the central frequency of the operating band of the waveguide 34.
  • each wall 36 comprises a single partition which closes both an end of the circular guide section 32 and the cross section of the wave guide 34.
  • the wall 36 could have included a set of parts, for example a partition provided with an opening closing the end of the circular waveguide section 32 and flanges of suitable shape for closing off the parts of the cross section of the waveguide 34 opening to the outside of the circular waveguide section 32.
  • the openings 37 are substantially rectangular and their long sides 43 are parallel to the long sides of the waveguide 34.
  • each opening 37 is then less than the diameter D1 of the circular waveguide section 32.
  • the portion 42 of straight section is between the two long sides of the waveguide 34 and two arcs of circles of the section of circular waveguide 32.
  • the openings 37 are rectangular with rounded angles or have the shape of a rectangle with, attached to each of its short sides, a semicircle of diameter equal to the short side. Still other forms are possible.
  • the half-wave matching transformer 35 is constituted by the extension of one of the long sides 43 of each opening 37, in the waveguide 34, on either side of the waveguide section circular 32.
  • This extension is made on the same long side of the waveguide 34, over the same length. It could be spread over the two long sides.
  • the transformer 35 extends inside the waveguide 34, over the entire long side of the waveguide.
  • Figure 3c shows this.
  • the height of the transformer therefore on the side 43 is defined to obtain the adaptation of the window on a relative operating band of 30% relative to the central frequency in the waveguide 34.
  • the window according to the invention thanks to the openings 37 which are reduced relative to the sections of the waveguide 34 and of the circular waveguide 32, therefore makes it possible to work in an enlarged band with respect to the window "pill- box". It also has improved mechanical strength while retaining the extremely simple technology of the pill-box window. In addition, its dimensions are reduced.
  • the walls 36 which can be produced by metallic plates of copper for example, are reported by brazing at the two ends 38, 39 of the circular waveguide section. Their shape is adapted to close both the cross section of the circular guide section 32 and the cross section of the wave guide 34.
  • the wave guide 34 is fixed on each side 36 by brazing other of the circular waveguide section 32.
  • Each wall 36 has an opening 37 in its central part.
  • Two fixing flanges 50 can be used to ensure a tight connection between the waveguide 34 and the circular waveguide section 32.
  • the transformer 35 can be produced by two identical metal plates, made of copper for example. Each plate is for example brazed, flat inside the waveguide 34, on one of its long sides and on the wall 36.

Landscapes

  • Waveguide Connection Structure (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Höchstfrequenzfenster mit:
    - einer kreisrunden Platte (31) aus dielektrischem Material, die in einem Rundhohlleiterabschnitt (32) montiert ist, der im wesentlichen den gleichen Durchmesser wie die Platte (31) hat, wobei der Rundhohlleiterabschnitt (32) an seinen Enden (38,39) mit einem Rechteckhohlleiter (34) verbunden ist, der einen Anpassungstransformator (35) enthält, wobei an jedem Ende des Rundhohlleiterabschnitts (32) eine Wand (36) eine gegenüber dem Außenraum dichte Verbindung zwischen dem Rechteckhohlleiter (34) und dem Rundhohlleiterabschnitt (32) gewährleistet, wobei jede Wand (36) mit einer Öffnung (37) versehen ist, die in einem dem Rechteckhohlleiter (34) mit seinem Anpassungstransformator und dem Rundhohlleiterabschnitt (32) gemeinsamen Querschnittsteil (42) enthalten ist, und wobei der Durchmesser des Rundhohlleiterabschnitts kleiner als die Diagonale des Rechtecks ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Flächenausdehnung der Öffnung (37) unbedingt kleiner als die Flächenausdehnung des Querschnittsteils (42) ist.
  2. Höchstfrequenzfenster nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jede Wand (36) quer zu dem Rundhohlleiterabschnitt (32) liegt.
  3. Höchstfrequenzfenster nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Öffnungen (37) gleich sind.
  4. Höchstfrequenzfenster nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jede Öffnung (37) länglich ist.
  5. Höchstfrequenzfenster nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die große Abmessung der Öffnung parallel zu den Breitseiten des Hohlleiters (34) ist.
  6. Höchstfrequenzfenster nach einem der Ansprüche 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jede Öffnung (37) im wesentlichen rechteckig ist.
  7. Höchstfrequenzfenster nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Anpassungstransformator (35) durch die Verlängerung einer Breitseite (43) jeder Öffnung (37) auf der entsprechenden Seite des Hohlleiters (34) gebildet ist.
  8. Höchstfrequenzfenster nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich jede Seite (43) derart über die gleiche Länge erstreckt, daß in dem Rechteckhohlleiter (34) ein Halbwellen-Transformator erhalten wird.
EP90402854A 1989-10-17 1990-10-12 Breitbandiges Leistungs-Mikrowellenfenster Expired - Lifetime EP0424221B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8913535A FR2653272A1 (fr) 1989-10-17 1989-10-17 Fenetre hyperfrequence de puissance a large bande, a tenues mecanique et electrique ameliorees.
FR8913535 1989-10-17

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0424221A1 EP0424221A1 (de) 1991-04-24
EP0424221B1 true EP0424221B1 (de) 1995-03-15

Family

ID=9386464

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90402854A Expired - Lifetime EP0424221B1 (de) 1989-10-17 1990-10-12 Breitbandiges Leistungs-Mikrowellenfenster

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US5072202A (de)
EP (1) EP0424221B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH03145201A (de)
DE (1) DE69017829T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2653272A1 (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103094645A (zh) * 2013-01-06 2013-05-08 中国科学院等离子体物理研究所 新型的高功率微波真空陶瓷窗
CN104037473A (zh) * 2014-06-06 2014-09-10 电子科技大学 新型超宽频带盒型输出窗

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2803454B1 (fr) * 1999-12-30 2003-05-16 Thomson Tubes Electroniques Generateur d'impulsions hyperfrequences integrant un compresseur d'impulsions
US6867401B2 (en) 2001-08-16 2005-03-15 Communications & Power Industries, Inc. Waveguide foreign object damage prevention window
FR2902931B1 (fr) * 2006-06-23 2009-01-23 Org Europeene De Rech Guide d'ondes electromagnetiques comprenant un outil
RU2573662C1 (ru) * 2014-07-17 2016-01-27 Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Научно-производственное предприятие "Торий" Волноводное окно ввода и/или вывода энергии свч
JP2022183690A (ja) * 2021-05-31 2022-12-13 Ｎｅｃネットワーク・センサ株式会社 ピルボックス型伝送窓およびその製造方法

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3387237A (en) * 1965-12-27 1968-06-04 Varian Associates Microwave window
US3436694A (en) * 1966-07-28 1969-04-01 Microwave Ass Controlling ghost-mode resonant frequencies in sealed waveguide windows
DE1765640A1 (de) * 1968-06-22 1971-08-26 Philips Patentverwaltung Wellenleiteranordnung mit einem dielektrischen Fenster
FR2127095A5 (de) * 1971-02-23 1972-10-13 Thomson Csf
FR2472279A1 (fr) * 1979-12-18 1981-06-26 Thomson Csf Fenetre hyperfrequence et guide d'onde comportant une telle fenetre
FR2558306B1 (fr) * 1984-01-17 1988-01-22 Thomson Csf Fenetre circulaire pour guide d'onde hyperfrequence
US4556854A (en) * 1984-06-29 1985-12-03 Litton Systems, Inc. Microwave window and matching structure

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103094645A (zh) * 2013-01-06 2013-05-08 中国科学院等离子体物理研究所 新型的高功率微波真空陶瓷窗
CN103094645B (zh) * 2013-01-06 2015-11-18 中国科学院等离子体物理研究所 新型的高功率微波真空陶瓷窗
CN104037473A (zh) * 2014-06-06 2014-09-10 电子科技大学 新型超宽频带盒型输出窗
CN104037473B (zh) * 2014-06-06 2017-04-05 电子科技大学 新型超宽频带盒型输出窗

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69017829D1 (de) 1995-04-20
FR2653272A1 (fr) 1991-04-19
EP0424221A1 (de) 1991-04-24
JPH03145201A (ja) 1991-06-20
FR2653272B1 (de) 1993-02-26
DE69017829T2 (de) 1995-08-03
US5072202A (en) 1991-12-10

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