EP0188966B1 - Oberflächenwellige nichtreziproke Mikrowellenvorrichtung und Isolator hoher Isolation mit Anwendung dergleichen - Google Patents

Oberflächenwellige nichtreziproke Mikrowellenvorrichtung und Isolator hoher Isolation mit Anwendung dergleichen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0188966B1
EP0188966B1 EP85402615A EP85402615A EP0188966B1 EP 0188966 B1 EP0188966 B1 EP 0188966B1 EP 85402615 A EP85402615 A EP 85402615A EP 85402615 A EP85402615 A EP 85402615A EP 0188966 B1 EP0188966 B1 EP 0188966B1
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Prior art keywords
core
plates
curvilinear
gyromagnetic
wave
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EP85402615A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0188966A1 (de
Inventor
Gérard Forterre
Bernard Guerin
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Thales SA
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Thomson CSF SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/32—Non-reciprocal transmission devices
    • H01P1/36—Isolators
    • H01P1/362—Edge-guided mode devices

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of microwaves, and more particularly to non-reciprocal devices with electromagnetic surface waves, without voume waves. It applies in particular to microwave isolators, having low insertion losses in the direction of wave propagation, a strong attenuation in the opposite direction, in a wide range of frequencies, of the order of 4 to 20 GHz.
  • Electromagnetic surface waves are waves whose propagation in a direction perpendicular to the magnetization of an anisotropic material, such as a ferrite, presents modes of a new type, called abnormal gyromagnetic modes coming from the anisotropic properties of ferrite.
  • a non-reciprocal circuit is a circuit whose transmission characteristics (attenuation, phase shift) change according to the direction of propagation of the waves through the circuit.
  • Such circuits are known which consist of sections of transmission lines (coaxial, guides, strip circuits, etc.) containing a ferrimagnetic or gyromagnetic material, such as a ferrite subjected to a continuous magnetization field.
  • the permeability of such a material under external magnetization is a tensor, which means that the impedance of the medium for a wave propagating there depends on the orientation of the magnetic field of the wave with respect to a fixed, linked reference frame. middle audit. This orientation therefore changes with the direction of propagation.
  • non-reciprocal microwave devices are already known using the propagation of surface electromagnetic waves in a medium made of a gyromagnetic or ferrimagnetic material.
  • Such devices have already been the subject of publications; we will cite among others the French patent No 2 139 767 filed on June 4, 1971, its first addition No 2 150 597 filed on August 27, 1971 and its second addition No 2 177 507 filed on March 28, 1972 for "Non-reciprocal devices with surface waves ", French patent No. 2344140 filed March 10, 1976, concerning” Broadband insulators operating at centimeter wavelengths "or French patent FR-A 2507391, entitled” Improvement to non-reciprocal microwave microwave devices of electromagnetic surfaces, and use of such devices ”.
  • the parasitic modes in volume or in surface, can be excited at frequencies of the band to be transmitted and propagate in the gyromagnetic material simultaneously with the desired non-reciprocal surface mode.
  • the present invention essentially relates to means making it possible to reduce the proportion of the energy applied to the device which transforms into parasitic wave, energy which is taken from that propagating according to the dynamic mode used.
  • the devices produced according to the techniques described in the cited patents support parasitic volume modes excited from the surface electromagnetic mode known as OSEL (electromagnetic surface waves), the excitation process of which has hitherto been unknown.
  • the main disturbing modes are hybrid modes close to the TE type modes (predominant electrical transverse).
  • these devices comprise, disposed between two plates of gyromagnetic material in which the surface waves propagate, and two plates forming absorbent charges situated against the plates of gyromagnetic material, a metallic flat conductor, called the core, of substantially shape trapezoidal, the sides of which are not parallel to each other are curvilinear.
  • a metallic flat conductor called the core
  • H a metallic flat conductor
  • the surface modes are guided along a surface resting on the flat or strip conductor and parallel to the H field. Consequently, in the direct direction, the surface modes are guided by the large rectilinear side trapezoidal core, and transmitted to the output of the device.
  • the surface modes are guided by the curved part of the core, and absorbed by the absorbent charges. Volume modes also exist on the strip and penetrate the absorbent.
  • the phenomenon of resonance of the higher order modes and therefore the appearance of significant couplings between the energy transported by these modes is prevented.
  • a strong coupling zone with the OSEL mode propagating in the opposite direction from the direction with low losses is interposed in the TE mode resonator on the edge of the central core opposite to the straight edge propagating the OSEL wave in the direct direction.
  • the device according to the invention comprises a metallic core, the shape of which also has a large rectilinear side, paral lele to plates made of gyromagnetic material, and two curvilinear non-parallel sides, the convexity of which is turned towards the large rectilinear side.
  • a short side or straight edge of a trapezoidal piece in the known art is replaced in the invention, by an edge of complex shape: the piece, originally trapezoidal, is cut by its short side , along a curvilinear line, so as to bring a part of this edge of complex shape between the two plates of gyromagnetic material, where a coupling zone is formed between OSEL modes and volume modes.
  • the edge of the core comprises a region situated between the two plates of absorbent material, plus a coupling region situated between the two plates of gyromagnetic material and again a region situated between the two plates of absorbent material. .
  • the widths, in the direction of wave propagation, of these three regions will be defined later.
  • Figure 1 recalls, very schematically, the structure of a non-reciprocal surface wave device according to the known art of document FR-A 2507391. This device is seen open, and it is completed by its symmetrical with respect to the plan of the figure.
  • It comprises a plate 1, parallelepiped, of gyromagnetic conductive material, against which is placed another plate 2, parallelepiped, of absorbent material.
  • a metal sheet 3 of substantially trapezoidal shape, the large rectilinear side of which is in contact with the gyromagnetic material 1, and the short rectilinear side in contact - or outside - with the absorbent material 2.
  • the assembly is completed by a second conductive plate and a second absorbent plate, symmetrical with respect to the metal part 3, and is immersed in a magnetic field H o produced by a magnet and pole pieces not shown.
  • the field H o is perpendicular to the plane of the part 3.
  • Two input and output connectors - not shown - are joined at the ends 4 and 5 of the sheet 3.
  • This device also includes three operating zones. At the entrance 4, in the curvilinear triangle part up to the point marked A of the metal sheet 3 forming the TEM mode volume wave present at the entrance is converted into an OSEL surface wave. In the central part, between points A and A ' , the parasitic waves in volume modes are absorbed by the absorbent load 2. At output 6, from point A', a second coupling zone, symmetrical to the previous one , converts the OSEL surface waves into volume waves. In this non-reciprocal device, the surface modes are transmitted, in the direct input-output direction, along the rectilinear edge of the core 3, while the parasitic modes originating from the output are transmitted along the curvilinear edge of the 'core 3, and are absorbed by the absorbent load 2. Arrows symbolize the transmission of these modes.
  • the response curve exhibits, at the same frequencies as for the insertion loss, significant decreases in the insulation, a fundamental parameter for a non-reciprocal device. Finally, the same fluctuations are still observed for the standing wave ratios.
  • the object of the invention is to propose a new design of OSEL surface wave devices, such that they no longer support volume modes, and to realize with simple means high-performance, band-insulators extended and compact.
  • the interesting mode can be accompanied by undesirable modes.
  • the useful frequency band and the characteristics of the volume allow it, the simplest method is to choose the said characteristics so that the volume can only support one mode.
  • volume modes are therefore excitable, especially in the opposite direction, since it is almost impossible to produce an infinitely thin core, and perfectly straight, or a perfectly homogeneous and polished polycrystalline ferrite.
  • FIG. 2 represents a view of a non-reciprocal device, according to a section BB ′ in FIG. 1, which it also completes by showing its symmetrical structure with respect to the central core 3.
  • the ferrite parts have active width denoted S, between the straight edge of the core and the dielectric discontinuity surface between ferrite 1 and absorbent 2.
  • these modes are not each limited in half the volume of ferrite: the separation has been made only to simplify the figure.
  • Damping a volume mode lowers the overvoltage, and therefore the rate of energy taken from the OSEL mode.
  • the modes are such that their wave number kxn is equal to S being the active width of the ferrite.
  • the basis of the invention consists in preventing the phenomenon of resonance of the higher order modes, therefore the appearance of significant couplings between the energy transported by these modes.
  • the coupling zone is of fairly large dimensions, that is to say at least half a wave of the OSEL mode, the resonance phenomenon is made impossible.
  • the non-reciprocal device according to the invention shown in FIG. 3 has an overall structure close to that of known devices, as shown in FIG. 1. Like them, it includes a plate 1 made of gyromagnetic material such as a ferrite, and a wafer 2 forming an absorbent filler, as well as a metallic core 9, which is preferably a thin sheet of copper.
  • a second ferrite plate 1 and a second absorbent load 2 are arranged symmetrically to the first with respect to the metal core 9, according to the section in FIG. 2, and the assembly is subjected to the magnetic field H o d ' a magnet not shown.
  • the originality of the device according to the invention comes from the geometric shape of the conductive core 9.
  • the small rectilinear edge of the core 3 of FIG. 1 is deeply cut into a curvilinear edge 13 along the curve, to a depth such that a part 14 of the edge 13 is located between the two ferrite plates 1 .
  • the curvilinear edge 13 may have a simple profile, such as circular, or of the second degree, according to an ellipse or a parabola, or a more complex shape, and may or may not be symmetrical with respect to a line perpendicular to the large edge 10.
  • this length ZZ is preferably: ZZ must be sufficiently large, because it is linked to the transverse attenuation of the volume mode.
  • FIG. 4 represents an isolator with high insulation, the core 9 of which comprises three coupling zones 14 between the OSEL mode and the TE on modes. Whatever the number of coupling zones which are created in the core 9, a greater number increases the insertion losses of the device but not proportionally, the propagation length not varying proportionally. However, they remain low, as shown in the curve in Figure 5.
  • the insertion losses, from -1.8 dB to 6.5 GHz, are uniformly between -1.08 and 1.80 dB, up to 17.5 GHz, and do not exceed-2.05 dB at 18 GHz.
  • Figure 6 corresponds to the decoupling of the same insulator in the same band of fre quences. Although the curve is not monotonous, it is always between -46.69 dB and -61.77 dB, which represents a considerable gain on the insulation which, in a previous device, is of the order of - 20 dB to -35 dB, for very close insertion losses ( ⁇ 1.6 dB).
  • the ferrite plates 1 are preferably in a single block each, while the absorbent fillers 2 can be in one or more parts, and in contact or out of contact with the ferrites.
  • the absorbent material preferably has a wave impedance close to that of OSEL mode.
  • the magnet and its pole pieces are preferably integrated into the device to form a housing.
  • the invention is applied to non-reciprocal devices with high insulation, in the microwave domain.

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  • Non-Reversible Transmitting Devices (AREA)
  • Shielding Devices Or Components To Electric Or Magnetic Fields (AREA)

Claims (7)

1. Nicht reziproke Ultrahochfrequenzvorrichtung für elektromagnetische Oberflächenwellen (ELOW), bei welcher in einem Magnetfeld (Ho) angeordnet sind:
- zwei erste übereinanderliegende parallele Plättchen (1) aus gyromagnetischem Material, in denen sich die Oberflächenwellen fortpflanzen, zwei zweite Plättchen (2), die Belastungen zur Absorption der elektromagnetischen Wellen bilden und an die gyromagnetischen Plättchen (1) angrenzen.
- ein aus einem Flachleiter gebildeter Kern (9), der zwischen den gyromagnetischen Plättchen (1) und zwischen den Absorptionsbelastungen (2) angeordnet ist, wobei der Kern eine Form hat, die in ein krummliniges Trapez eingeschrieben ist, dessen grosse Seite (10) gemäss der Längsachse der gyromagnetischen Plättchen (1) angeordnet ist und wovon zwei angrenzende Seiten (11, 12) krummlinig sind, wobei ihre Wölbung der grossen Seite (10) zugewandt ist, deren Enden den Eingang (4) und Ausgang (5) der Vorrichtung bilden, wobei dieser Kern (9) eine am Eingang (4) der Vorrichtung vorhandene Raumwelle (TEM) in eine Oberflächenwelle umwandelt und am Ausgang (5) der Vorrichtung die Oberflächenwelle in eine Raumwelle rückwandelt, wobei diese Vorrichtung dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass um die durch Resonanz erzeugten parasitären Raumwellen zu absorbieren und die Resonanz der Wellen von Typen höherer Grössenordnung zu verhindern, der Kern (9) durch seinen krummlinigen Rand (14), der gegenüber der grossen, die elektromagnetische Oberflächenwelle direkt fortpflanzenden Seite (10) und zwischen den beiden gyromagnetischen Plättchen (1) liegt, mindestens eine Zone starker Kopplung (Z) mit Oberflächenwellen des Typs elektromagnetischer Oberflächenwellen umfasst, die sich entgegengesetzt zur Fortpflanzungsrichtung mit geringen Verlusten fortpflanzen.
2. Nicht reziproke Ultrahochfrequenzvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kern (9) drei Zonen umfasst:
- eine erste Zone, die zwischen der grossen Seite (10) und einer krummlinigen Seite (11) gelegt ist, und eine am Eingang (4) der Vorrichtung vorhandene Raumwelle (TEM) in eine elektromagnetische Oberflächenwelle umwandelt;
- eine zweite Zone, die symmetrisch zur ersten verläuft und am Ausgang (5) der Vorrichtung die elektromagnetische Oberflächenwelle in eine Raumwelle (TEM) rückwandelt,
- zwischen der ersten und zweiten Zone eine dritte starke Kopplungszone (Z), die zwischen dem Rand (13) des Kerns (9) gegenüber der geradlinigen Seite (10) gelegen ist, wobei dieser Rand (13) eine krummlinige Form hat, deren Wölbung gegen die geradlinige Seite (10) hin gerichtet ist, wobei die so im Kern (9) geformte Auskehlung tief genug ist, damit ein Teil (14) dieses krummlinigen Randes (13) zwischen den beiden gyromagnetischen Plättchen (1) gelegen ist.
3. Nicht reziproke Ultrahochfrequenzvorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der krummlinige Rand (13), der gegenüber dem geradlinigen Rand (10) des Kerns (9) liegt, kreisförmig ist.
4. Nicht reziproke Ultrahochfrequenzvorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der krummlinige Rand (13), der gegenüber der geradlinigen Seite (10) des Kerns (9) liegt, parabel- oder ellipsenförmig ist.
5. Nicht reziproke Ultrahochfrequenzvorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der krummlinige Rand (13), der gegenüber der geradlinigen Seite (10) des Kerns (9) liegt, eine komplexe Form hat, die geradlinige und krummlinige Segmente vereint.
6. Nicht reziproke Ultrahochfrequenzvorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass an dem Übergang zwischen gyromagnetischen Plättchen (1) und Absorptionsplättchen (2) jede der Längen der Kopplungszone (Z) und der beiden diese Kopplungszone umgebenden Partien (ZZ) des Kerns (9) grösser oder gleich Xi/2 ist, wobei Ag1 die Wellenlänge erster Ordnung der geführten Welle ist.
7. Hochisolierender Isolator, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er einen Kern (9) umfasst, der gemäss der nicht reziproken Vorrichtung des Anspruchs 1 eine Vielzahl von starken Kopplungszonen (Z) enthält.
EP85402615A 1984-12-27 1985-12-24 Oberflächenwellige nichtreziproke Mikrowellenvorrichtung und Isolator hoher Isolation mit Anwendung dergleichen Expired - Lifetime EP0188966B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8419923 1984-12-27
FR8419923A FR2575605B1 (fr) 1984-12-27 1984-12-27 Dispositif hyperfrequence non reciproque a ondes de surface et isolateur a fort isolement utilisant ce dispositif

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EP0188966A1 EP0188966A1 (de) 1986-07-30
EP0188966B1 true EP0188966B1 (de) 1990-01-31

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EP85402615A Expired - Lifetime EP0188966B1 (de) 1984-12-27 1985-12-24 Oberflächenwellige nichtreziproke Mikrowellenvorrichtung und Isolator hoher Isolation mit Anwendung dergleichen

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US (1) US4698604A (de)
EP (1) EP0188966B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS61203701A (de)
CA (1) CA1240008A (de)
DE (1) DE3575816D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2575605B1 (de)

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WO2023238310A1 (ja) * 2022-06-09 2023-12-14 Tdk株式会社 非可逆回路素子

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3617951A (en) * 1968-11-21 1971-11-02 Western Microwave Lab Inc Broadband circulator or isolator of the strip line or microstrip type
US3886502A (en) * 1974-08-06 1975-05-27 Ryt Ind Broad band field displacement isolator
US4050038A (en) * 1974-09-04 1977-09-20 Nippon Electric Company, Ltd. Edge-guided mode non-reciprocal circuit element for microwave energy
FR2344140A1 (fr) * 1976-03-10 1977-10-07 Lignes Telegraph Telephon Isolateurs a large bande fonctionnant aux longueurs d'onde centimetriques
FR2507391A1 (fr) * 1981-06-05 1982-12-10 Thomson Csf Perfectionnement aux dispositifs hyperfrequences non reciproques a ondes de surface electromagnetiques, et utilisation de tels dispositifs

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CA1240008A (en) 1988-08-02
DE3575816D1 (de) 1990-03-08
FR2575605A1 (fr) 1986-07-04
JPS61203701A (ja) 1986-09-09
FR2575605B1 (fr) 1987-02-06
EP0188966A1 (de) 1986-07-30
US4698604A (en) 1987-10-06

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