EP0082752B1 - Breitbandiges nichtreziprokes Mikrowellengerät hoher Leistung und dessen Benutzung - Google Patents

Breitbandiges nichtreziprokes Mikrowellengerät hoher Leistung und dessen Benutzung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0082752B1
EP0082752B1 EP19820402239 EP82402239A EP0082752B1 EP 0082752 B1 EP0082752 B1 EP 0082752B1 EP 19820402239 EP19820402239 EP 19820402239 EP 82402239 A EP82402239 A EP 82402239A EP 0082752 B1 EP0082752 B1 EP 0082752B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ferrite
field
monocrystal
circulator
discs
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Expired
Application number
EP19820402239
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0082752A1 (de
Inventor
Gérard Forterre
Julien Prevot
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Thales SA
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Thomson CSF SA
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0082752A1 publication Critical patent/EP0082752A1/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/32—Non-reciprocal transmission devices
    • H01P1/38—Circulators
    • H01P1/383—Junction circulators, e.g. Y-circulators
    • H01P1/387—Strip line circulators

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a non-reciprocal microwave device with electromagnetic waves, such as for example a Y-junction circulator with three doors, intended to operate simultaneously over a very wide frequency band and at a high power level, and this in a large range. temperature range.
  • a non-reciprocal microwave device with electromagnetic waves such as for example a Y-junction circulator with three doors, intended to operate simultaneously over a very wide frequency band and at a high power level, and this in a large range. temperature range.
  • a non-reciprocal device is a device whose transmission characteristics change according to the direction of propagation of the waves through said device.
  • non-reciprocal microwave devices comprising at least one piece of ferrimagnetic or gyromagnetic material, such as for example junction circulators
  • a continuous polarizing magnetic field known as a saturating static field. the material, and lower than the gyromagnetic resonance field so as to obtain very low magnetic losses.
  • junction circulator mainly comprises a conductor with three branches inserted between two discs of polycrystalline ferrimagnetic material, and two ground planes respectively disposed on either side of the two discs.
  • junction circulator operates on a very low frequency band, the ratio of the extreme frequencies being of the order of 1.08.
  • the peak power proportional to the square of the microwave field, must not reach a critical level beyond which the transmission is affected by non-linear effects resulting in additional magnetic losses, thereby destroying the performance of the circulator.
  • These nonlinear effects are due to the fact that the electronic spins do not remain parallel to each other in their movements and that there are first and / or second order spin waves, the simultaneous excitation of the first and second spin waves. second orders occurring in an area surrounding the gyromagnetic resonance.
  • a minimal microwave critical field is thus defined from which such effects appear, this critical field being a function of the applied static field.
  • this circulator operates over a wide frequency band, and that the damping on the edges of the resonance for a polycrystalline ferrimagnetic material disappears only slowly due to the causes of widening of the resonance line mentioned above, for certain crystallites there is a simultaneous excitation of the first and second order spin waves. Under these conditions, the minimum microwave critical field takes on a very low value, so that the circulator can only withstand a low level of peak power in a large part of its operating band.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a non-reciprocal microwave device, such as a junction circulator, operating at the same time over a very wide frequency band, the ratio of the extreme frequencies being greater than 2.75, at a high level. peak power, greater than 2 kW, and in a wide temperature range, between - 40 ° C and + 100 ° C.
  • the subject of the invention is a non-reciprocal microwave device with a wide frequency band and a high power level, comprising at least one piece of ferrimagnetic material and means for applying a polarizing magnetic field saturating the material, characterized in that the material is a single crystal, and in that the single crystal is oriented along a crystallographic axis as determined so that the variation of the anisotropy field as a function of the temperature compensates for the variations of the saturation magnetization and of the applied magnetic field as a function of the temperature, thus making it possible to maintain stably as a function of the temperature the width of the single crystal resonance line and the minimum frequency of said band.
  • the invention also relates to a use of the microwave device according to the invention, this use being characterized in that the device constitutes a Y-junction circulator of the triplate type.
  • the magnetic permeability ⁇ is also a complex quantity written: where ⁇ "represents the magnetic losses in the ferrite.
  • FIG. 1 represents, as a function of the pulsation ⁇ , on the one hand in solid lines the variation of ⁇ '(real part of the magnetic permeability ⁇ ), and on the other hand in dotted lines the variation of the losses ⁇ .
  • "(Part imaginary permeability ⁇ ) for a monocrystalline ferrimagnetic material in the saturated state, polarized below the gyromagnetic resonance, and intended for the production of a non-reciprocal microwave device, such as for example a Y-junction circulator triplate type, or of the waveguide type, according to the invention.
  • the shape of the curve ⁇ characterizes the known phenomenon of gyromagnetic resonance in region 1 called the resonance loss zone, the resonance pulsation ⁇ eff corresponding to ⁇ " max
  • the line width AH resonance as the width at half height of the curve ⁇ ".
  • the maximum operating frequency F max also depends on the saturation magnetization M,; in general, the maximum pulsation ⁇ max is substantially equal to 2 ⁇ M.
  • a polarization field known as a weak field is defined for each ferrite, defined as being the field less than that necessary to create the gyromagnetic resonance in the useful operating band; thus the region II represented in FIG. 1, and in which the circulator operates, is called the weak field operating zone.
  • FIG. 2 represents, as a function of the pulsation ⁇ , on the one hand in solid lines the variation of the losses ⁇ "for a polycrystalline ferrite, and on the other hand in dotted lines the variation of these same losses ⁇ " for a monocrystalline ferrite.
  • the width of resonance line ⁇ of a polycrystalline ferrite is significantly greater than that of a monocrystalline ferrite of the same composition. This is due to the fact that each crystallite of a polycrystal resonates at a different frequency, thus each defining its own resonance line width, so that the overall resonance line width of the polycrystal is equal to the sum of the line widths of crystallite resonances.
  • the use of two identical monocrystalline ferrites in a Y-junction circulator according to the invention makes it possible to determine a minimum operating frequency F min significantly lower than that of a circulator with two identical polycrystalline ferrites according to the prior art , and therefore makes it possible to widen the useful operating band of the circulator, the maximum frequencies in the two cases being substantially equal.
  • the minimum frequency F min of a circulator with monocrystalline ferrites will be determined so that we have:
  • the peak power is directly linked to the critical microwave field h c from which non-linear effects (first and / or second order spin waves) appear.
  • This critical microwave field h c takes a minimum value for a so-called subsidiary static field, and tends towards a very large value for a limit static field beyond which there are no longer first order spin waves.
  • the existence of spin waves is related to the damping of the spin movement, these waves occurring all the more easily as this movement is less damped. To characterize this damping, we introduce, as is known, a line width of spin waves ⁇ H k .
  • the first and second order spin waves are excited simultaneously in an area surrounding the gyromagnetic resonance, depending on the dimensions of the ferrite, and for which the minimum critical field (h c ) min is very small, of such that a wide-frequency Y-junction circulator can only support a low peak power level there. Consequently, it proves essential to operate such a circulator outside this zone so as to avoid the simultaneous excitation of the first and second order spin waves.
  • the passage from a polycrystalline ferrite to a monocrystalline ferrite makes it possible to move down the upper limit of the area in which produces the coincidence between the first and second order spin waves, so that the monocrystalline ferrite circulator, according to the invention, and operating outside said zone, has a wider useful band than that of a circulator with polycrystalline ferrites, and can simultaneously withstand a relatively high peak power.
  • each monocrystalline ferrite is doped with relaxing ions, that is to say ions increasing the linewidth of spin waves ⁇ H k , thereby increasing the minimum value of the microwave critical field (h c ) min for an applied static field H a equal to N z M 3 ⁇ 0 -1 according to relation (1).
  • the ions of cobalt will be chosen as relaxing ions.
  • rare earth ions will be used, for example such as Dysprosium or Holmium ions, making it possible to increase the line width of spin waves ⁇ H k .
  • a ferrite single crystal is anisotropic, that is to say that its properties depend on the direction envisaged. This anisotropy results in the fact that spontaneous magnetization has a natural tendency to orient itself in certain privileged crystal directions. Thus, to make the spontaneous magnetization take a direction different from these privileged directions, it is necessary to provide a certain work, called magnetocrystalline energy.
  • anisotropy field H anis collinear with the applied static field H e , and whose influence depends on the orientation of each crystallite with respect to said field. static applied.
  • anisotropy field H anis collinear with the applied static field H e , and whose influence depends on the orientation of each crystallite with respect to said field. static applied.
  • the anisotropy field for a Nickel ferrite is negative, while it is positive for a Cobalt ferrite.
  • the anisotropy field of negative origin becomes positive.
  • the variations of the applied field H a and of the saturation magnetization M a are compensated as a function of the temperature by the variations of the anisotropy field H anis as a function of the temperature, the field anisotropy thus playing the role of an element for adjusting the stability of the resonance line width, and therefore the minimum operating frequency, as a function of the temperature. Consequently, the minimum microwave critical field (h c ) min at the minimum operating frequency End is kept constant, ensuring the maintenance of the high level of the admissible peak power.
  • This compensation for the different variations as a function of the temperature by the anisotropy field H anis is obtained by a particular orientation of the monocrystalline ferrite with respect to the applied static field H ,.
  • This orientation of the single crystal is carried out along a determined crystallographic axis so that it corresponds to the most stable value as a function of the temperature of the magnetic field H o inside the ferrite, defined by:
  • the crystallographic orientation axis of the single crystal to be retained is obtained experimentally or by calculations, and is different depending on the type of monocrystalline ferrite used.
  • the preferential orientation of the single crystal is the axis [100] in the cubic lattice.
  • the single crystal is then cut for example in the form of one or more discs whose axis of symmetry is oriented relative to the crystallographic axes of the medium.
  • the surface condition of the discs can be obtained either by fine lapping or by optical polishing.
  • Figures 3 and 4 show sectional views of a Y-junction circulator of the triplate type.
  • This circulator comprises two ground planes 10 and 11 respectively disposed on either side of two discs (13, 14) made of monocrystalline ferrite, such as for example nickel ferrite, doped with Cobalt ions, and oriented for example along the crystallographic axis [100]. Note that the two discs have the same crystallographic orientation, so that their respective resonant line widths are superimposed, thereby obtaining the lowest possible minimum operating frequency.
  • a central conductor 15 with three branches forming between them an angle of 120 °.
  • each branch of the conductor 15 ends in a tongue 17 intended to be fixed, for example by welding, to a connector 19 of which only one has been shown in this figure.
  • the polarization magnetic field applied to the two ferrite discs 13 and 14 is established by a permanent magnet constituted by discs 21 housed in recesses 22 and 23 formed respectively in the ground planes 10 and 11.
  • crowns of dielectric material each inserted between a ground plane and the central conductor, these crowns surrounding the ferrite discs.

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  • Non-Reversible Transmitting Devices (AREA)

Claims (10)

1. Nichtreziproke breitbandige Mikrowellenvorrichtung für hohe Leistungspegel, mit wenigstens einem Teil aus ferrimagnetischem Material und Mitteln, um ein magnetisches Polarisationsfeld anzulegen, durch welches das Material gesättigt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Material ein Einkristall ist und daß der Einkristall entlang einer kristallografischen Achse orientiert ist, die derart bestimmt ist, daß die temperaturabhängige Änderung des Anisotropiefeldes die temperaturabhängigen Änderungen der Sättigungsmagnetisierung und des angelegten Magnetfeldes kompensiert, wodurch die Resonanzlinienbreite des Einkristalls und die minimale Frequenz des genannten Bandes als Funktion von der Temperatur stabil gehalten werden können.
2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Einkristall durch Ionen dotiert ist, durch welche seine Spinwellen-Linienbreite vergrößert wird, wodurch die Spitzenleistung der Vorrichtung vergrößert werden kann.
3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Einkristall durch ein Ferrit gebildet ist.
4. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Ferrit ein Nickel-Ferrit ist, welches mit Kobaltionen dotiert ist.
5. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die kristallografische Achse für die Orientierung des Ferrits die Achse [100] ist.
6. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Einkristall in Form einer Scheibe ausgebildet ist, deren Symmetrieachse in bezug zu den kristallografischen Achsen orientiert ist.
7. Verwendung einer Mikrowellenvorrichtung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Vorrichtung einen Verzweigerzirkulator bildet, der zwei Teile aus ferrimagnetischem Material umfaßt.
8. Verwendung nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Zirkulator vom Y-Dreiplattentyp mit drei Anschlüssen ist.
9. Verwendung nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Zirkulator einen zentralen Leiter (15) mit drei Zweigen umfaßt, die untereinander einen Winkel von etwa 120° bilden, wobei der Leiter zwischen zwei Scheiben (13, 14) aus ferrimagnetischem Material eingefügt ist, wobei zwei Masseebenen (10, 11) auf der einen bzw. anderen Seite dieser zwei Scheiben angeordnet sind und wobei das magnetische Polarisationsfeld durch Permanentmagneten (21) erzeugt wird, die in Aussparungen angeordnet sind, welche in den Masseebenen angebracht sind.
10. Verwendung nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zwei Scheiben (13, 14) aus ferrimagnetischem Material dieselbe kristallografische Orientierung haben.
EP19820402239 1981-12-18 1982-12-07 Breitbandiges nichtreziprokes Mikrowellengerät hoher Leistung und dessen Benutzung Expired EP0082752B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8123736 1981-12-18
FR8123736A FR2518823A1 (fr) 1981-12-18 1981-12-18 Dispositif hyperfrequence non reciproque a large bande de frequence et a haut niveau de puissance, et utilisation d'un tel dispositif

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EP0082752A1 EP0082752A1 (de) 1983-06-29
EP0082752B1 true EP0082752B1 (de) 1985-08-07

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EP (1) EP0082752B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS58111405A (de)
DE (1) DE3265292D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2518823A1 (de)

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CN113820034B (zh) * 2020-12-11 2023-09-29 中冶长天国际工程有限责任公司 一种微波场中在线测温方法

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FR2344141A2 (fr) * 1972-11-17 1977-10-07 Thomson Csf Circulateur a jonction pour transmission a haut niveau de puissance en hyperfrequence

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DE3265292D1 (en) 1985-09-12
FR2518823B1 (de) 1984-11-30
FR2518823A1 (fr) 1983-06-24
EP0082752A1 (de) 1983-06-29
JPS58111405A (ja) 1983-07-02

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