EP0082752A1 - Breitbandiges nichtreziprokes Mikrowellengerät hoher Leistung und dessen Benutzung - Google Patents

Breitbandiges nichtreziprokes Mikrowellengerät hoher Leistung und dessen Benutzung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0082752A1
EP0082752A1 EP82402239A EP82402239A EP0082752A1 EP 0082752 A1 EP0082752 A1 EP 0082752A1 EP 82402239 A EP82402239 A EP 82402239A EP 82402239 A EP82402239 A EP 82402239A EP 0082752 A1 EP0082752 A1 EP 0082752A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ferrite
field
single crystal
circulator
function
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Granted
Application number
EP82402239A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0082752B1 (de
Inventor
Gérard Forterre
Julien Prevot
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Thales SA
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Thomson CSF SA
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0082752B1 publication Critical patent/EP0082752B1/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/32—Non-reciprocal transmission devices
    • H01P1/38—Circulators
    • H01P1/383—Junction circulators, e.g. Y-circulators
    • H01P1/387—Strip line circulators

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a non-reciprocal microwave device with electromagnetic waves, such as for example a Y-gate circulator with three doors, intended to operate simultaneously over a very wide frequency band and at a high power level, and this in a wide range of temperatures.
  • a non-reciprocal microwave device with electromagnetic waves such as for example a Y-gate circulator with three doors, intended to operate simultaneously over a very wide frequency band and at a high power level, and this in a wide range of temperatures.
  • a non-reciprocal device is a device whose transmission characteristics change according to the direction of propagation of the waves through said device.
  • non-reciprocal microwave devices comprising at least one piece of ferrimagnetic or gyromagnetic material, such as for example junction circulators
  • a continuous polarizing magnetic field known as a saturating static field. the material, and lower than the gyromagnetic resonance field so as to obtain very low magnetic losses.
  • junction circulator mainly comprises a conductor with three branches inserted between two discs of polycrystalline ferrimagnetic material, and two ground planes disposed respectively on either side of the two discs.
  • junction circulator operates on a very low frequency band, the ratio of extreme frequencies being of the order of 1.08.
  • the peak power proportional to the square of the microwave field, must not reach a level critical beyond which the transmission is affected by non-linear effects resulting in additional magnetic losses, thereby destroying the performance of the circulator.
  • These nonlinear effects are due to the fact that the electronic spins do not remain parallel to each other in their movements and that there are first and / or second order spin waves, the simultaneous excitation of the first and second spin waves. second orders occurring in an area surrounding the gyromagnetic resonance.
  • a minimal microwave critical field is thus defined from which such effects appear, this critical field being a function of the applied static field.
  • this circulator operates over a wide frequency band, and that the damping on the edges of the resonance for a polycrystalline ferrimagnetic material disappears only slowly due to the causes of widening of the resonance line mentioned above, for certain crystallites there is a simultaneous excitation of the first and second order spin waves. Under these conditions, the minimum microwave critical field takes on a very low value, so that the circulator can only withstand a low level of peak power in a large part of its operating band.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a non-reciprocal microwave device, such as a junction circulator, operating at the same time over a very wide frequency band, the ratio of the extreme frequencies being greater than 2.75, at a high level. peak power, greater than 2 kW, and in a wide temperature range, between -40 ° C and + 100 ° C.
  • a non-reciprocal microwave device such as a junction circulator
  • the subject of the invention is a non-reciprocal microwave device with a wide frequency band and a high power level, comprising at least one piece of ferrimagnetic material and means for applying a polarizing magnetic field saturating the material, characterized in that the material is a single crystal, and in that the single crystal is oriented along a determined crystallographic axis so that the variation of the anisotropy field as a function of the temperature compensates for the variations of the saturation magnetization and of the applied magnetic field as a function of the temperature, thus making it possible to maintain in a stable manner as a function of the temperature the width of resonance line of the single crystal and the minimum frequency of said band.
  • the invention also relates to a use of the microwave device according to the invention, this use being characterized in that the device constitutes a Y-junction circulator of the triplate type.
  • the magnetic permeability u is also a complex quantity written: where ⁇ "represents the magnetic losses in the ferrite.
  • a ferrite for example in the form of a disc of axis of symmetry Oz, to which is applied a continuous magnetic field of polarization H, said static field, and capable of saturating the ferrite, it is created a field inside the ferrite, H uniform and directed according to Oz.
  • the internal field H o is equal to: where ⁇ o is the permeability of the vacuum
  • M is the saturation magnetization, in S.I. units.
  • N z is the demagnetizing factor in the direction Oz.
  • FIG. 1 represents, as a function of the pulsation w, on the one hand in solid lines the variation of ⁇ '(real part of the magnetic permeability u), and on the other hand in dotted lines the variation of the losses ⁇ "(imaginary part permeability ⁇ ), for a monocrystalline ferrimagnetic material in the saturated state, polarized below the gyromagnetic resonance, and intended for the production of a non-reciprocal microwave device, such as for example a Y junction circulator of the type triplate, or of the waveguide type, according to the invention.
  • a non-reciprocal microwave device such as for example a Y junction circulator of the type triplate, or of the waveguide type, according to the invention.
  • the shape of the curve ⁇ characterizes the known phenomenon of gyromagnetic resonance in region I, called the resonance loss zone, the resonance pulsation w eff corresponding to ⁇ " max .
  • the width of the resonance line ⁇ H is defined as the width at mid-height of the curve ⁇ ".
  • the maximum operating frequency F max also depends on the saturation magnetization M 5 ; in general, the maximum pulsation w is substantially equal to 2 ⁇ M.
  • a field of polarization known as weak field is applied to each ferrite, defined as being the field less than that necessary to create the gyromagnetic resonance in the useful function band ment; thus region II represented in FIG. 1, and in which the circulator operates, is said to be a weak field operating zone.
  • FIG. 2 represents, as a function of the pulsation w, on the one hand in solid lines the variation of the losses ⁇ "for a polycrystalline ferrite, and on the other hand in dotted lines the variation of these same losses ⁇ " for a monocrystalline ferrite.
  • the width of resonance line AH of a polycrystalline ferrite is significantly greater than that of a monocrystalline ferrite of the same composition. This is due to the fact that each crystallite of a polycrystal resonates at a different frequency, thus each defining a specific resonance line width, so that the overall resonance line width of the polycrystal is equal to the sum of the line widths of crystallite resonance.
  • the use of two identical monocrystalline ferrites in a Y-junction circulator according to the invention makes it possible to determine a minimum operating frequency F min significantly lower than that of a circulator with two identical polycrystalline ferrites according to the prior art , and therefore makes it possible to widen the useful operating band of the circulator, the maximum frequencies in the two cases being substantially equal.
  • the minimum frequency F min of a circulator with monocrystalline ferrites will be determined so that we have:
  • the peak power is directly linked to the critical microwave field h from which non-linear effects (first and / or second order spin waves) appear.
  • This critical microwave field h takes a minimum value for a so-called subsidiary static field, and tends towards a very large value for a limit static field beyond which there are no longer first order spin waves.
  • spin waves is related to the damping of the spin movement, these waves occurring all the more easily as this movement is less damped.
  • a line of wave lines of spin AH k we introduce, as is known, a line of wave lines of spin AH k .
  • the first and second order spin waves are excited simultaneously in an area surrounding the gyromagnetic resonance, depending on the dimensions of the ferrite, and for which the minimum critical field (h c ) min is very small, of such that a wide-frequency Y-junction circulator can only support a low peak power level there. Consequently, it proves essential to operate such a circulator outside this zone so as to avoid the simultaneous excitation of the first and second order spin waves.
  • the passage from a polycrystalline ferrite to a monocrystalline ferrite makes it possible to move down the upper limit of the area in which produces the coincidence between the first and second order spin waves, so that the monocrystalline ferrite circulator, according to the invention, and operating outside said zone, has a wider useful band than that of a circulator with polycrystalline ferrites, and can simultaneously withstand a relatively high peak power.
  • each monocrystalline ferrite is doped with relaxing ions, that is to say ions increasing the linewidth of spin waves ⁇ H k , thereby increasing the minimum value of the hyper-frequency critical field (h c ) min for an applied static field H equal to N z M s sell relation (1).
  • the ions of cobalt will be chosen as relaxing ions.
  • rare earth ions will be used, for example such as Dysprosium or Holmium ions, making it possible to increase the line width of spin waves ⁇ H k .
  • a ferrite single crystal is anisotropic, that is to say that its properties depend on the direction envisaged. This anisotropy results in the fact that spontaneous magnetization has a natural tendency to orient itself in certain privileged crystal directions. Thus, to make the spontaneous magnetization take a direction different from these privileged directions, it is necessary to provide a certain work, called magnetocrystalline energy.
  • H anisotropy field collinear with the applied static field H, and whose influence depends on the orientation of each crystallite with respect to said applied static field.
  • H anisotropy field collinear with the applied static field H, and whose influence depends on the orientation of each crystallite with respect to said applied static field.
  • the anisotropy field for a Nickel ferrite is negative, while it is positive for a Cobalt ferrite.
  • the anisotropy field of negative origin becomes positive.
  • the variations of the applied field H and of the saturation magnetization M s are compensated as a function of the temperature by the variations of the anisotropy field H anis as a function of the temperature, the field d anisotropy thus playing the role of an element for adjusting the stability of the resonance line width, and therefore the minimum operating frequency, as a function of the temperature. Consequently, the minimum microwave critical field (h c ) min at the minimum operating frequency F min is kept constant, ensuring the maintenance of the high level of the admissible peak power.
  • This compensation for the different variations as a function of temperature by the anisotropy field H anis is obtained by a particular orientation of the monocrystalline ferrite with respect to the applied static field H.
  • This orientation of the single crystal is carried out along a determined crystallographic axis so that it corresponds to the most stable value as a function of the temperature of the magnetic field H inside the ferrite, defined by:
  • the crystallographic orientation axis of the single crystal to be retained is obtained experimentally or by calculations, and is different depending on the type of monocrystalline ferrite used.
  • the preferred orientation of the single crystal is the axis [00] in the cubic lattice.
  • the single crystal is then cut for example in the form of one or more discs whose axis of symmetry is oriented relative to the crystallographic axes of the medium.
  • the surface condition of the discs can be obtained either by fine lapping or by optical polishing.
  • Figures 3 and 4 show sectional views of a Y-junction circulator of the triplate type.
  • This circulator comprises two ground planes 10 and 11 respectively disposed on either side of two discs (13, 14) made of monocrystalline ferrite, such as for example nickel ferrite, doped with Cobalt ions, and oriented for example along the crystallographic axis [100]. Note that the two discs have the same crystallographic orientation, so that their respective resonant line widths are superimposed, thereby obtaining the lowest possible minimum operating frequency.
  • a central conductor 15 with three branches forming between them an angle of 120 °.
  • each branch of the conductor 15 ends in a tongue 17 intended to be fixed, for example by welding, to a connector 19 of which only one has been shown in this figure.
  • the polarization magnetic field applied to the two ferrite discs 13 and 14 is established by a permanent magnet constituted by discs 21 housed in recesses 22 and 23 formed respectively in the ground planes 10 and 11.
  • crowns of dielectric material each inserted between a ground plane and the central conductor, these crowns surrounding the ferrite discs.

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  • Non-Reversible Transmitting Devices (AREA)
EP19820402239 1981-12-18 1982-12-07 Breitbandiges nichtreziprokes Mikrowellengerät hoher Leistung und dessen Benutzung Expired EP0082752B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8123736 1981-12-18
FR8123736A FR2518823A1 (fr) 1981-12-18 1981-12-18 Dispositif hyperfrequence non reciproque a large bande de frequence et a haut niveau de puissance, et utilisation d'un tel dispositif

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0082752A1 true EP0082752A1 (de) 1983-06-29
EP0082752B1 EP0082752B1 (de) 1985-08-07

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EP19820402239 Expired EP0082752B1 (de) 1981-12-18 1982-12-07 Breitbandiges nichtreziprokes Mikrowellengerät hoher Leistung und dessen Benutzung

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EP (1) EP0082752B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS58111405A (de)
DE (1) DE3265292D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2518823A1 (de)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113820034B (zh) * 2020-12-11 2023-09-29 中冶长天国际工程有限责任公司 一种微波场中在线测温方法

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2344141A2 (fr) * 1972-11-17 1977-10-07 Thomson Csf Circulateur a jonction pour transmission a haut niveau de puissance en hyperfrequence

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2344141A2 (fr) * 1972-11-17 1977-10-07 Thomson Csf Circulateur a jonction pour transmission a haut niveau de puissance en hyperfrequence

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
1976 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM, 14-16 juin 1976, pages 260-262, New York (USA); *
L.THOUREL: "Dispositifs à ferrites pour micro-ondes", 1969, Masson et Cie, Editeurs, Paris (FR); *
SOVIET PHYSICS JOURNAL, février 1971, pages 273-275, New York (USA); *

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Publication number Publication date
DE3265292D1 (en) 1985-09-12
FR2518823B1 (de) 1984-11-30
FR2518823A1 (fr) 1983-06-24
EP0082752B1 (de) 1985-08-07
JPS58111405A (ja) 1983-07-02

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