EP0422147A1

EP0422147A1 - Phytosanitary medium and its use

Info

Publication number: EP0422147A1
Application number: EP90904830A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Heinrich Weltzien; Klaus Teiner
Original assignee: BTC Biotechnik International GmbH
Current assignee: BTC Biotechnik International GmbH
Priority date: 1989-03-28
Filing date: 1990-03-28
Publication date: 1991-04-17
Also published as: DE3910061A1; DD298338A5; JPH03505585A; ZA902401B; AU5334390A; KR920700002A; CN1047191A; PT93592A; HUT56694A; BR9006157A; DE3910061C2; CA2029877A1; WO1990011013A1

Abstract

Un produit phytosanitaire contient: (I) au moins deux acides aminés et/ou acides carboniques naturels, ou leurs sels ou dérivés; (II) de la purine et/ou de la pyrimidine ou leurs dérivés et (III) des vitamines ou des dérivés ou précurseurs de celles-ci. Entre 0,1 et 10 parties en poids environ du produit sont constituées d'un seul composé du groupe (I), entre 0,001 et 1 partie en poids environ est constituée d'un seul composé du groupe (II) et entre 0,001 et 1 partie en poids environ est constituée d'un seul composé du groupe (III). Ce produit a une grande diversité d'applications. De préférence, on l'utilise pour prévenir et combattre des maladies de plantes d'origine biotique, et pour augmenter et assurer le rendement de plantes cultivables. Il déploie son efficacité notamment lorsqu'il est utilisé avec des extraits de produits de fermentation (par exemple composts), dont il renforce l'efficacité inhérente. Dans le cas des possibilités d'application mentionnées, les effets voulus sont également obtenus lorsque la composition décrite ne contient qu'un seul acide aminé.A phytosanitary product contains: (I) at least two amino acids and / or natural carbonic acids, or their salts or derivatives; (II) purine and / or pyrimidine or their derivatives and (III) vitamins or derivatives or precursors thereof. Between 0.1 and 10 parts by weight approximately of the product consist of a single compound of group (I), between 0.001 and 1 part by weight approximately consist of a single compound of group (II) and between 0.001 and 1 part by weight approximately consists of a single compound from group (III). This product has a wide variety of applications. Preferably, it is used to prevent and combat plant diseases of biotic origin, and to increase and ensure the yield of cultivable plants. It deploys its effectiveness especially when it is used with extracts of fermentation products (for example composts), of which it reinforces the inherent efficiency. In the case of the possibilities of application mentioned, the desired effects are also obtained when the composition described contains only one amino acid.

Description

- i

Title: Phy sanitary agent and its use

Technical field and state of the art;

Composts made of microorganism material are characterized by a special variety of microorganisms, their metabolites and other organic and inorganic compounds. Next to her

The importance of organic fertilizers has long been attributed to possible positive effects on plant health. Extracts from bark compost are said to show a fungicidal and fungistatic activity against various soil-based Phytophthora species. Compost extracts are generally fermentation products from plants and

Plant residues, animal residues, marine brown algae or mixtures thereof.

It is already known that aqueous extracts or press juices made from fermented organic substances, if they are on green parts of plants, such as

Leaf, stem, fruit of plants or seeds, applied, develop a phytosanitary effect. Such effects are reported by H.C. Weltzien et al in the "German Plant Protection News Bulletin", (Braun¬schweig), 39, 1987, pp. 25ff. The results of the tests carried out afterwards prove the often assumed positive effects of composts or compost extracts on plant health. It has been shown that the extracts induce resistance mechanisms in the treated plants and / or directly influence the pathogens.

Supplements are also known which many microorganisms need in addition to the minerals and the carbon, nitrogen and energy sources for their nutrition. They are part of the basic component of the cell and cannot be synthesized from the simple building blocks by some microorganisms. These include amino acids,

Carboxylic acids, purines, pyrimidines, carbohydrates and vitamins. Of In terms of their function and concentration, the supplements differ significantly from nutrients.

The above-mentioned possibilities of reducing or eliminating or avoiding the disease of plants and parts of plants by means of composts or compost extracts are still unsatisfactory to this day.

Various mixtures of substances are known, which are attributed to a phytosanitary effect. This is how the SU-14 describes 46 155 A.

Compound that contains an amino acid, purine and vitamin. It serves as an additive to the nutrient solution of tissue cultures in order to regenerate the plant organs and strengthen the young plants. It is not intended for crop protection and for application to parts of plants above ground. EP-A-o 253 714 is concerned with fungicidal

2-component mixtures with a pyrimidine derivative and alanine or a derivative thereof. EP-A-0 044 224 focuses on the combination of chlorcholine chloride and the "metabolic additives" (also vitamins, amino acids, purines, pyrimidines, carboxylic acids). Neither chlorcholine chloride nor the metabolic additives alone are said to be fungicidal

Have an effect. DD-A-63 669 relates to a systemic fungicide which contains a combination of one part of a glycine derivative and 0.02 to 2 parts of an N-substituted adenine. Only a purine (adenine) and an amino acid (glycine) are used. WO 79/00838 relates to agricultural chemicals, such as fungicides,

Herbicides and plant growth regulators, using one or more of the following additives: carbohydrates, organic acids (especially fatty acids), vitamins and coenzymes, purine and pyrimidine nucleosides and nucleotides, naturally occurring fats and oils, certain amino acids and, if these are used for agriculture

Chemicals are not themselves plant growth regulators, such regulators. DE-A-26 25 398 is concerned with an agent and a method for stimulating the germination of potatoes, which contains an amino acid in the form of cysteine and a pyrine in the form of kinetin.

Disclosure of the Invention: The above-mentioned agents do not provide a clear teaching of how a phytosanitary agent in general could be designed in order to open up the widest possible range of applications. This also applies to the options discussed, using composts or compost extracts

5 Reduce or exclude disease of plants and parts of plants. The invention was therefore based on the object to remedy this.

The solution according to the invention consists in a phytosanitary agent, which is characterized in that it

I) natural carboxylic acids or their salts and / or at least two amino acids or their salts,

II) Purines and / or their derivatives, in particular nucleosides, nucleotides and salts thereof, and / or pyrimidines and / or their derivatives, in particular

- 5 special nucleosides, nucleotides and salts thereof and the salts of

Purines and pyrimidines and

III) contains vitamins or derivatives or precursors thereof, the weight of an individual compound being about 0 to 10 parts by weight

²⁰ group I) about o, ooι to i part by weight of a single compound of

Group II) and about o, ooι to i part by weight of an individual compound of group III) are omitted.

The core idea of the phytosanitary agent according to the invention is therefore to use at least two amino acids or their salts in the composition of matter described qualitatively and quantitatively above. It is preferred if three, four or even more amino acids or their salts are used. This opens up the widest possible application of this agent with the desired 3 ° phytosanitary effect. It has been shown that in certain

Applications can be dispensed with the requirement for at least two or more amino acids, which will be discussed below.

-5 The technological effects associated with the incorporation of at least two amino acids into the phytosanitary agent according to the invention can be technologically explained as follows: The phytosanitary effect of this type of agent on the surface of the sheet is based on the promotion of non-pathogenic microorganisms. The promoted microorganisms can suppress the pathogenic fungi or bacteria either indirectly through food competition or directly through antagonism and thereby trigger the phytosanitary effect. Pseudomonas and Bacillus species and various yeasts are known as possible positive microorganisms. Countless other microorganisms can be considered. These microorganisms have different nutrient requirements, including with regard to the different amino acids. Your nutritional requirements are therefore met by offering different amino acids, in particular two or more, in the respective agent. The determination of the need for nutrients of all positive-acting microorganisms on the leaf surface (phyllosphere), taking into account the requirements of pathogenic microorganisms, is not only one

Plant pathogen system possible. The determined combination of nutrients is then a compromise between the best possible promotion of the antagonists and the competitors and the avoidance of the promotion of pathogenic fungi and bacteria as far as possible. The number of proteinogenic amino acids (21) is considerably larger than the number of vitamins (11), purines (4), pyrimidines (3) or carboxylic acids (11) that are particularly suitable if the precursors and derivatives are not taken into account. The likelihood that two or more amino acids are advantageous is considerably greater than with vitamins, purines, pyrimidines or carboxylic acids. It is also known that phyllosphere microorganisms live in a close community with the plant. However, the plants excrete massive amounts of amino acids - both via roots and leaves. The amino acids play an important role in the evolutionary adaptation of microorganisms to the specific conditions of the leaf surface. This could have led to the particular need for amino acids in phyllosphere microorganisms.

The invention also relates in particular to the use of the phytosanitary agent according to the invention described above for the treatment of above-ground parts of plants and crops, in particular for

Prevention and control of biotic plant diseases Origin with a view to increasing and securing earnings. In this

It is then particularly advantageous for the area of use, as described below, fermentation products from plants and plant residues,

Use marine brown algae, animal residues or mixtures thereof, enriched with microorganisms, in particular bacteria, yeasts, fungi and unicellular algae, in a mixture with the agent according to the invention. In the context of these advantageous uses

(With and without fermentation products) the value of the invention is particularly evident when the respective agent for combating Phytophthora infestans, Botrytis cinerea, Plasmopara viticola, Erysiphe graminis, Uncinula necator, Tilletia sp. and Pseudopeziza tracheiphila is used.

If fermentation products are used in a mixture with the phytosanitary agent according to the invention, the mixing ratio does not usually play a decisive role here. As a rough guideline, a mixing ratio, based on dry substance, of about i part by weight of phytosanitary agent according to the invention to 100 to 100, in particular 300 to 3000 parts by weight of fermentation product, based on dry substance, could be given.

In the advantageous areas of use mentioned above for the treatment of above-ground parts of plants and crops, in particular for the prevention and control of plant diseases of biotic origin with a view to increasing and securing yields and also including fermentation products and the like, in particular for controlling the Phytophthora infestans, Botrytis cinerea, Plasmopara viticola, Erysiphe graminis, Uncinula necator, Tilletia sp. and Pseudopeziza tracheiphila, it has been shown that satisfactory effects can also be achieved here if the requirement described above, in which at least two or more amino acids are used in the phytosanitary agent according to the invention, is dispensed with and in the composition according to the invention only an amino acid or its salt is contained. Accordingly, the subject of the invention should also be the use of a pyhtosanitary agent of the above-described composition of components I), II) and III), in which only one amino acid or whose salt is used.

On the basis of the above-calculated general conditions, the implementation of the present invention is preferably carried out as follows:

If there is a single compound of group I) in the phytosanitary agent according to the invention, then the amount thereof is predetermined and on the basis of this the respective amount of the individual compounds of group II) and III) is determined taking into account the above-mentioned general conditions. If group I) comprises several compounds, then it is advisable to use the single compound that is within weight group I). In the event that two or more compounds of group I) are contained in the phytosanitary agent according to the invention, the mean value is expediently used as a basis. Each individual compound of groups II) and III) is related in the specified quantity range to the underlying quantity of group I). This means that e.g. from group II) o, ooι to i part by weight of a single compound A), o, ooι to i part by weight of an individual

Compound B) etc. to 0, 1 to 10 parts by weight of the specified amount of a compound of group I).

It is preferred that about 0.1 to 5 parts by weight, in particular about 0.5 to 5 parts by weight, of a single compound of group I) are used. The following amino acids are preferred: L-aspartic acid,

L-glutamic acid, L-histidine, L-arginine, L-alanine, L-serine, D- and / or

L-tryptophan, L-tyrosine, D- and / or L-phenylalain, L-asparagine, L-lysine, L-methionine, L-threonine, D- and / or L-glutamine, L-proline, L- Hydroxylproline, D- and / or L-valine, L-leucine, L-glycine, L-cystine and

L-isoleucine. When carboxylic acids are included, it is preferred that the agent according to the invention have at least one of the following natural ones

Carboxylic acids or their salts contain: pyruvic acid, lactic acid,

Oxalic acid, malic acid, succinic acid, malonic acid, propionic acid, fumaric acid, ketoglutaric acid, glutaric acid and maleic acid.

The available selection of a purine or pyrimidine is based on this establishes that the phytosanitary agent contains at least one of the following compounds in the form of adenine, guanine and hypoxanthine (purines), cytosine, thymine and uracil (pyrimidines) or derivatives thereof, especially nucleosides, nucleotides and salts thereof.

The use of vitamins can be optimized by adding at least one vitamin in the form of thiamine, biotin, nicotinic acid,

Ca pantothenate, pyridoxine hydrochloride, ribofalvin, para-aminobenzoic acid, retinol palmitate (retinol), choline, cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12) and folic acid or derivatives, salts or precursors thereof are selected. It is preferred if the vitamins pyridoxine hydrochloride, riboflavin, retinol palmitate, choline and folic acid each in an amount of about 0.0001 to 1 mg / 1, in particular 0.06 mg / 1, the vitamins thiamine hydrochloride, nicotinic acid and Ca Pantothenate each in an amount of about 0.05 mg / 1, the vitamin para-aminobenzoic acid in one

Amount of about 0.012 mg / 1, the vitamin cyanocobalamin in an amount of about 0, oi2mg / l and the vitamin biotin in an amount of about 0.0006 mg / 1.

When using the phytosanitary agent according to the invention, it is preferably converted into an aqueous form beforehand. The following concentration range is preferred: at least one individual amino acid or carboxylic acid in an amount of approximately 0.01 to 10 mg / 1, in particular approximately 0.1 to 1 mg / 1, at least one individual purine or pyrimidine in each case Amount of about 0.0001 to 1 mg / 1, in particular 0.006 mg / 1 and at least one individual vitamin in each case in an amount of about 0.0001 to 1 mg / 1 aqueous agent. This phytosanitary agent according to the invention is advantageously designed by adding the individual purines or pyrimidines in an amount of about 0.001 to 0.1 mg / 1, in particular 0.006 mg / 1, the individual amino acids or natural carboxylic acids an amount of about 0.1 to 1 mg / 1, in particular 0.3 mg / 1, the individual vitamins, pyridoxine hydrochloride, riboflavin, retinol palmitate, choline and folic acid in an amount of about 0.0002 to 1 mg / 1, in particular 0.06 mg / 1, the individual vitamins thiamine hydrochloride, nicotinic acid and Ca pantothenate in one

Amount of about 0.05 mg / 1, the vitamin para-aminobenzoic acid in an amount of about 0.012 mg / 1, the vitamin cyanocobalamin in an amount , of about 0.0012 mg / 1 and the vitamin biotin in an amount of about

0.0006 mg / I are present.

In individual cases it can be advantageous if the phytosanitary agent 5 is used in an encapsulated manner. With regard to the capsule wall, there is no significant restriction. This should be environmentally friendly and, in addition, allow the metered discharge of the enclosed phytosanitary agent under the influence of moisture. As a result, its targeted spreading is possible precisely at the place of action J Q, so that there is no loss of action on areas where there are no plants. The encapsulation enables a long-term effect. Capsules made of liposomal materials, such as phospholipids, can be mentioned as an example of suitable capsules.

15

The invention can be used with particular advantage in the treatment of

Use plants and parts of plants, in particular for the prevention and control of plant diseases of biotic origin. Phytophthora infestans can be particularly important plant diseases

2 _Q (potato blight), Botrytis cinerea (gray mold), Plasmopara viticola (downy mildew on vines), Uncinula necator (downy mildew on vines), Erysiphe graminis (powdery mildew of grain), stone fire of wheat (Tilletia sp.) And Pseudophilez (Red burner on grapevines). The use of the invention

25 Phytosanitary agents are also advantageous in individual cases if no phytosanitary purpose is pursued, but rather the aim is to increase and secure the yield of crops.

In individual cases, the phytosanitary agents according to the invention in combination with compost extracts can show increased effects in combating and inhibiting disease or increasing yields and securing yields. The compost extract can be mixed with an inventive phytosanitary agent in aqueous form immediately after it has been obtained in aqueous form and then applied immediately. It is also possible to freeze-dry the compost extract and mix it in powder form with the phytosanitary agent according to the invention. The mixing ratio is not critical here. There are further possibilities for using the common effect of compost extract and phytosanitary agents according to the invention. This can be achieved by adding the phytosanitary agents according to the invention to the fermented organic substances during the extraction. As the extraction time progresses, the constituents of the phytosanitary agent according to the invention are subject to a certain degradation or a certain conversion, so that the extracts obtained in this way and ultimately used differ in their composition from those which contain the phytosanitary agent according to the invention alone.

Despite this change, the same biochemical effects are achieved as when the phytosanitary agent according to the invention is used alone. It depends on the individual case whether the phytosanitary agent according to the invention shows a better effectiveness when used alone than the combination of phytosanitary agent / compost extract. All in all, there are many possible uses for the phyto-sanitary agent according to the invention.

A simple preliminary test can be used to determine which agent shows the optimal effect in individual cases. The host / parasite system used plays the essential role here. Which of the three cases discussed above (control of the fermentation, application simultaneously with compost extracts and application alone) is particularly advantageous in the individual case can be determined by a customary screening method, with reference being made to the respective harmful organism or to the particular crop becomes. The plant to be protected with the corresponding harmful organism serves as the test object.

The preparation of the compost extract / phytosanitary agent combination can be carried out, for example, as follows: 10 parts by weight of an aqueous solution of the phytosanitary agent according to the invention (approximately 0.3 mg of active substance in total in one liter of water) are used to stow away a part by weight of compost used. In principle, any type of compost can be used. Commercial composts, such as the "organic cow" product from Fa.

Backhus The mixture of phytosanitary agent and compost is shaken once after being poured together. The temperature during the extraction is preferably about 18 to 25 ° C. Depending on the host-parasite system, it lasts about i to 30 days. After the extraction has been completed, there is a filtration through a cloth or another filter with a similar pore size (no sterile filtration). The extracts are used immediately after filtration or preserved and stored by freeze drying or other methods. In principle, the person skilled in the art is not subject to any significant restrictions when obtaining the combination of compost extract / phytosanitary agent. The procedure described above can be modified in many ways.

The addition of special phytosanitary agents according to the invention, in conjunction with the compost extracts, enables targeted promotion of microorganisms relevant to the action from the large number of microorganisms living in the compost. In this way, the

Fermentation process can be controlled during the extraction or post-fermentation takes place. The application of the phytosanitary agent according to the invention alone or in combination with the compost extract directly on the leaves (or other parts of the plant) brings about the phytosanitary effect in the following way: a) targeted promotion of

Antagonists and / or competitors, thereby suppressing harmful organisms; b) induced resistance, either the phytosanitary agent according to the invention acting directly or metabolic products of the promoted microorganisms acting as inducers and c) disruption of the recognition mechanism between the harmful organism and the useful plant due to biochemical or physical reactions. It can be used in aqueous form alone, in combination with aqueous compost extracts or compost press juices, in combination with resuspended compost lyophilisates and the like. The application is especially on above ground. Parts of plants or on seeds or on underground parts of plants. The following forms of application are suitable for seed treatment: seed baths in the treatment agents, coating with compost extracts, mixtures of the phytosanitary agent according to the invention with carriers or capsule insert in the manner already described.

In the host-parasite system Botrytis cinerea-Bean was with one I I-

pure compost extract achieved an infestation reduction of 60%, while an 80% infestation reduction was achieved with the combination compost extract / phytosanitary agent according to the invention (addition of the phytosanitary agent after obtaining the compost extract). The corresponding values for the host-parasite system Phytophthora infestans-Tomate were 80% and 90% (laboratory tests). The host-parasite systems strawberry-Botrytis cinerea, potato-Phytophthora infestans, barley-Erysiphe graminis, grapevine-Plasmopara viticola and grapevine-Uncinula necator showed, compared to the untreated system, treatment with an inventive combination of compost extract / phytosanitary agent of infection reduction 50%, 85%, 50 to 60%, 76 to 96% or 70 to 80% and yield increases of 20 to 40 or 95% for the host-parasite system strawberry-Botrytis cinerea and potato-phytophthora infestans. The host-parasite systems Strawberry-Botrytis cinerea,

Potato Phytophthora infestans and grapevine Plasmopara viticola were tested in field trials, while the other host-parasite systems were tested in the greenhouse.

As a result, the advantages which can be achieved with the invention are that the treated plants or parts of plants, such as seeds and fruits, are protected against disease, this is excluded or the harmful organisms are inhibited or killed without the use of chemically questionable biocides. In individual cases, a repellent effect on animal pests was also found (spider mites). The agents according to the invention can also be used to achieve quantitative and qualitative improvements in the yields of crop plants. The term “plant” is to be understood as widely as possible and includes living as well as dead parts of plants or plants, such as leaves, stems, fruits or seeds and underground organs and, for example, timber and the like.

The invention will be explained in more detail below with the aid of various examples:

example It should be investigated whether the phytosanitary mixtures according to the invention, alone or in admixture with compost extracts, are effective against the disease of Phytophthora infestans (potato herb blight) (plant: tomato) and Botrytis cinerea (gray mold) (plant: bean) in the infected plants . The following phytosanitary mixtures were assumed in both cases:

i) Phytosanitary aqueous solution according to the invention with action against 0

L-Aspartic acid 300 μg / 1

L-gutamic acid II

L-histidine II μg / 1

L-arginine II μg / i

L-Aspar II μg / i agin

L-lysine II μg / i

L-methionine 11 μg / i 5 L-threonine II μg / i

D-, L-glutamine II μg / i

L-proline II μg / i

L-hydroxyproline II ug / i ug / i

Uracil 6 hypoxanthine II μg / l μg / l 0

Riboflavin 60 retinol palmitate II μg / l choline II μg / l folic acid II μg / l μg / l

Para-aminobenzoic acid 12 / i cyanocobalamin II μg 5 μg / i

2) Phytosanitary agent in aqueous compost extract with action against

L-aspartic acid 300 μg / l L-gutamic acid C "μg / l L-histidine" μg / l L-arginine "μg / l

D-, L-valine II μg / i L-leucine L-cystine II μg / i μg / i L-isoleucine μg / i 5

Adenine sulfate 6 μg / l

Guanine hydrochloride μg / l

Cytosine µg / i Tymin "µg / l

Thiamine hydrochloride 50 μg / l

Biotin 0.6 μg / l

Nicotinic acid 50 μg / l

Ca-panthothenate 50 μg / l

Pyridoxine hydrochloride 60 μg / l

3) Phytosanitary agent in aqueous compost extract with effect against _Bo ____________ I! _______

L-aspartic acid 300 μg / l L-gutamic acid μg / l L-histidine μg / l L-arginine μg / l

D-, L-valine μg / l L-leucine μg / l L-cystine μg / i L-isoleucine μg / l

Adenine sulfate 6 μg / l

Guanine hydrochloride μg / i

Cytosine μg / l

Tymin μg / i

Thiamine hydrochloride 50 μg / l

Biotin 0.6 μg / i

Nicotinic acid 50 μg / l

Ca-panthothenate 5θ μg / i

Pyridoxine hydrochloride 60 μg / i

4) Phytosanitary agent in aqueous compost extract with action against Plasmopara viticola and Vucinula necator on grapevine.

L-aspartic acid 300 μg / 1 L-gutamic acid μg / i L-histidine μg / l L-arginine μg / i

D-, L-valine μg / i L-leucine μg / i L-cystine μg / i L-isoleucine μg / i

Adenine sulfate 6 μg / i

Guanine hydrochloride μg / l

Cytosine µg / i

Tymin μg / l Riboflavin 60 μg / l

Retinol palmitate "µg / l

Choline "µg / l

Folic acid "μg / l

Para-aminobenzoic acid 12 μg / l

Cyanocobalamin "μg / l

The leaf extraction was carried out as follows: Bush beans c.v. Marona were grown in the greenhouse. About 14 days were estimated for the use of primary leaves in the test and about 3 to 4 weeks for secondary leaves. Thereafter, individual sheets of the same age were cut off and placed in a tray soaked with water-filled blotting paper. Special value was placed on an absolutely dry leaf surface of the bean leaves. The cultivation of the tomato plants took significantly longer at about 5 to 6 weeks.

Tomato leaves were inoculated with a sporangia suspension of 70,000 / ml using a pump sprayer on the underside of the leaf. After the inoculation, the temperature was reduced to about 12 to 14 C for about 12 to 24 hours in order to ensure optimal hatching of the zoo spores and thus the success of the infection. A temperature of approximately 2 ° C. during the day and 17 ° C. at night was then maintained for 7 days with a light / dark change until evaluation. Botrytis inoculation was carried out simultaneously with the application of the extracts. Here the same amount of a drop of compost extract / phytosanitary agent of 0.015 ml

Spore suspension (10 / ml in 0.5 - 15 malt extract solution) was given.

The extract was obtained as follows: The respective phyto-sanitary agent (in aqueous form) was diluted 1:10. 10 parts by weight of this were used to stow a part of compost. This

Mixture was shaken vigorously once after pouring it together and then once a week. The extraction conditions with regard to temperature and lighting corresponded to the experimental conditions. The amount of extract required for the treatment was provided by filtering the previously freshly stirred mixture through a cloth or coffee filter. In order to include partial effects via induced resistance, the

Application of the pure phytosanitary agent as well as the mixture of extract / pure phytosantitarian agent on the intact plant. To this end, tomato plants were sprayed to runoff with the compost extract / phytosanitary agent 2) and to ensure good microorganism survival or establishment on the phyllosphere and stored for three days in a climatic chamber with very high humidity (20 ° C during the day, ι8 ° C at night; 7 a.m. to 8 p.m. dark phase). A water treatment (with 0.5 - 1% malt extract at Botrytis) and at

Phytophthora as further controls the application of the fresh phyto-sanitary agents 1) and 2), whereby the direct effect of the phytosanitary agent on the development of the disease can be estimated.

The evaluation was carried out on the tomato leaves treated with the phytosanitary agent 1) and 2) by means of a percentage rating, a rating key according to C. James (Canadien Plant Disease Survey 51, 1971) serving as an estimation aid. In botrytis (plant: bean), the size of the leaf lesions or their enlargement was estimated beyond the drop limit. A variance analysis and Duncan test were carried out for the calculation.

Result

Phytophthora trial (plant: tomato)

The mixture of compost extract / phytosanitary agent (mixture 2)) or the pure phytosanitary agent 1) showed a good effect against Phytophthora. The effect of pure compost extract was clearly exceeded. The effect can be stated numerically as follows:

The untreated tomato leaves were 80% infected with phytophthora blight. The compost extracts alone caused an 80% reduction in infestation, the pure phytosanitary agent 1) or agent 2) reduced the infestation to 5%.

Botrytis experiments (plant: bean)

Here was a particularly good effect on the phytosanitary Medium 3). Mixing agent 3) with compost extracts led to an 85% reduction in infestation, while the compost extracts alone reduced botrytis infestation by only 60%.

Phytophthora trial (plant: potato, practical trial)

The application outdoors was carried out in the form of spray treatments, which were repeated every 7 to 10 days during the growing season.

The phytosanitary agent 1) showed similar effects to pure compost extracts and reduced the phytophthora attack by about 45%. The mixture of compost extract and phytosanitary agent (2) reduced the infestation by 80%.

Field trials in viticulture

The phytosanitary agent 4) had a good effect in experiments in viticulture. Spraying vines with this agent caused a reduction in powdery mildew infestation by more than 50%. A red burner infestation (Pseudopeziza tracheiphila) resulted in a significant reduction in infestation in this disease by about 30%.

Claims

Claims 10

1. Phytosanitary agent, characterized in that it

II) Purines and / or their derivatives and / or pyrimidines and / or their - 5 derivatives and

III) contains vitamins or derivatives or precursors thereof, about 0.001 to 1 part by weight of a single compound of group ²⁰ ) and about 0.001 to about 0.1 to 10 parts by weight of a single compound of group I) 1 part by weight of a single compound of

Group III) does not apply.

2. Composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains at least three or four amino acids or their salts. 25

3. Composition according to claim 1, characterized in that about 0.5 to 5 parts by weight of a single compound of group I) are present.

4. A composition according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that it contains at least 30 of the following amino acids or salts thereof: L-aspartic acid, L-glutamic acid, L-histidine, L-arginine, L- Alanine, L-serine, D- and / or L-tryptophan, L-tyrosine, D- and / or L-phenylalanine, L-asparagine, L-lysine, L-methionine, L-threonine, D- and / or L-glutamine, L-proline, L-hydroxylproline, D- and / or L-valine, L-leucine, L-glycine,

³⁵ L-cystine and L-isoleucine.

5. Agent according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it is at least one of the following natural carboxylic acids or their

Salts contain: pyruvic acid, lactic acid, oxalic acid, malic acid, succinic acid, maloπic acid, propionic acid, fumaric acid, OO-ketoglutaric acid, glutaric acid and maleic acid.

6. Composition according to at least one of claims i to 5, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that it contains at least one of the following compounds in the form of adenine, guanine and hypoxanthine (purines) or cytosine, thymine and uracil (pyrimidines) or their salts .

7. Composition according to at least one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that there is at least one vitamin in the form of thiamine, biotin, nicotinic acid, Ca pantothenate, pyridoxine, riboflavin, para-aminobenzoic acid, retinol palmitate, choline , Cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12) and folic acid or in the form of derivatives and precursors thereof.

8. Composition according to claim 7, characterized in that it is in aqueous form.

9- Means according to claim 8, characterized in that it is the individual

Amino acid (of at least two amino acids) in an amount of about 0.01 to 10 mg / 1, in particular about 0.1 to 1 mg / 1, at least one individual purine or pyrimidine in an amount of about 0.0001 to 1 mg / 1 and contains at least a single vitamin in an amount of about 0.0001 to 1 mg / 1 aqueous agent.

10. Composition according to claim 9, characterized in that the individual purines or pyrimidines in an amount of about 0.001 to 0.1 mg / 1, in particular 0.006 mg / I, the individual amino acids or natural carboxylic acids in an amount from about 0.1 to 1 mg / 1, in particular 0.3 mg / 1, the individual vitamins, pyridoxine hydrochloride, riboflavin, retinol palmate, choline and folic acid in an amount of about 0.0002 to 1 mg / 1, in particular 0.06 mg / 1, the individual vitamins thiamine hydrochloride, nicotinic acid and Ca pantothenate in an amount of about 0.05 mg / 1, the vitamin para-aminobenzoic acid in an amount of about 0.012 mg / 1, the

Vitamin cyanocobalamin in an amount of about 0.0012 mg / l and the vitamin biotin in an amount of about 0.0006 mg / l.

11. Use of the agent according to at least one of the preceding

Claims for the treatment of aerial parts of plants and crops, in particular for the prevention and control of plant diseases of biotic origin with a view to increasing and securing yield.

12. Use of the agent according to claim 11, including fermentation products from plants and plant residues, sea brown algae, animal residues or mixtures thereof, enriched with

Microorganisms, especially bacteria, yeasts, fungi and unicellular algae.

13. Use according to claim 11 or 12, including the possibility of using a single amino acid or a salt thereof in the phytosanitary agent.

14. Use according to one of claims 11 to 13 for combating Phytophthora infestans, Botrytis cinerea, Plasmopara viticola, Erysiphe graminis, Uncinula necator, Tilletia sp. and Pseudopeziza tracheiphila.