DE3943501A1 - Plant treatment compsn. for controlling specific fungi - contg. amino or carboxylic acid, nucleoside and vitamins - Google Patents

Abstract

The use of a plant protection compsn. consisting of (1) 0.1-10 wt.pts. amino acid and/or natural carboxylic acid, or their derivs. or salts; (2) 0.001-1 wt.pts. purine and/or pyrimidine, or their derivs. or salts, and (3) 0.001-1wt.pt. vitamins or their salt, for treatment and prevention of Phytophthora infestans, Botrytis cinerea, Plasmopara viticola, Erysiphe graminis, Tilletia sp. and Pseudopezixza tracheiphila is new. Aq. formulations are used, contg. (per l), 0.01-10 (esp. 0.1-1) mg (1), plus 0.o01-1mg each of (2) and (3). USE/ADVANTAGE - Apart from its protective action against fungi, the compsn. also increases crop yields in absence of fungal infection. It has a direct action against harmful organisms; induces resistant, and inferferes with recognition mechanisms between pathogens and crops. They can be applied to plants or soil, or used as a seed dressing. The effects of the compsn. are further improved when it is formulated with a compost extract.

Description

Composts of microorganic material are characterized by a special variety of microorganisms, their metabolites and other organic and inorganic compounds. Next to her Importance as organic fertilizer has been possible for a long time attributed positive effects on plant health. So should Bark compost extracts have a fungicidal and fungistatic effect against various soil-borne Phytophthora species show. compost Extracts are generally fermentation products from plants and plants Plant residues, animal residues, marine algae or Mischun of it.

It is already known that aqueous extracts or Preßsäfte from fermen When used on green parts of plants, such as Leaf, stems, fruits of plants or seeds, to be applied, one unfold phytosanitary effect. Such effects are reported by H.C. Weltzien et al. In the "Journal of German Crop Protection", (Braun Schweig), 39, 1987, p. 25ff. The results of thereafter led experiments prove the often suspected beneficial effects of compost or compost extracts on plant health. It The extracts were shown to be resistant to the treated plants induce mechanisms and / or the pathogen directly influence.

Furthermore, supplements are known that add many microorganisms to the minerals and the carbon, nitrogen and energy Need sources for their diet. They belong to the basic component of the cell and can not escape from some microorganisms simple building blocks are synthesized. These include amino acids, Carboxylic acids, purines, pyrimidines, carbohydrates and vitamins. From  their function and concentration differ the supplements clearly of nutrients.

The above-mentioned possibilities, through compost or compost extracts the disease infestation of plants and parts of plants reduce or exclude or avoid pose until today unsatisfied. The invention was therefore based on the object here Remedy.

The solution according to the invention consists in the use of a phyto sanitary agent, the

• I) Amino acids and / or natural carboxylic acids or their derivatives or salts
• II) purines and / or pyrimidines or their derivatives or salts and
• III) Vitamins or their salts

containing about 0.1 to 10 parts by weight of a single compound the group I) about 0.001 to 1 part by weight of a single compound of Group II) and about 0.001 to 1 part by weight of a single compound of Group III), for the prevention and control of Phytophthora infestans (potato herb rot), Botrytis cinerea (gray mold), Plasmo para viticola (downy mildew on vines), Erysiphe graminis (true Mildew of the crop), Tilletia sp. (Stone brandy of wheat) and Pseudopeziza tracheiphila (red burner on vines).

Based on the above-mentioned framework is preferably like The procedure is as follows: lies in the phytosanitary agent according to the invention a single compound of group I), then the amount is presented and on their basis in accordance with the above Framework conditions the respective quantity of the individual connections of the Group II) and III). Group I) comprises several Connections, then it is recommended that one single connection within the group I) by weight a means position takes. In the event that two compounds of group I) in The phytosanitary agent according to the invention are included, is useful moderately based on the average value. Each Compound of groups II) and III) is in the designated amounts in relation to the quantity of Group I)  brought. This means that e.g. from group II) from 0.001 to 1 part by weight a single compound A), 0.001 to 1 part by weight of a single Compound B), etc. to 0.1 to 10 parts by weight of the specified amount of Ver Group I).

It is preferred that about 0.1 to 5 parts by weight, in particular about 0.5 to 5 parts by weight, of a single compound of group I) are used. The following amino acids are preferred: L-aspartic acid, L-glutamic acid, L-histidine, L-arginine, L-alanine, L-serine, D- and / or L-tryptophan, L-tyrosine, D- and / or L-phenylalanine , L-asparagine, L-lysine, L-methionine, L-threonine, D- and / or L-glutamine, L-proline, L-hydroxylproline, D- and / or L-valine, L-leucine, L- Glycine, L-cystine and L-isoleucine. When incorporating carboxylic acids, it is preferred that the agent according to the invention contains at least one of the following natural carboxylic acids or their salts: pyruvic acid, lactic acid, oxalic acid, malic acid, succinic acid, malonic acid, propionic acid, fumaric acid, α- ketoglutaric acid, glutaric acid and maleic acid. The advantageous choice of purine or pyrimidine is designed so that the phyto sanitary agent contains at least one of the following compounds in the form of adenine, guanine, inosine and hypoxanthine (purines), cytosine, thymine and uracil (pyrimidines) or derivatives or salts ,

The optimization in the use of vitamins can be carried out by at least one vitamin in the form of thiamine, biotin, nicotinic acid, Ca-pantothenate, pyridoxine hydrochloride, ribofalvin, para-aminobenzoic acid, retinol palmitate (retinol), choline, cyanocobalamin (vitamin B 12 ) and folic acid or derivatives, salts or precursors thereof is selected. It is preferred if the vitamins pyridoxine hydrochloride, riboflavin, retinol palmitate, choline and folic acid in each case in an amount of about 0.0001 to 1 mg / l, in particular 0.06 mg / l, the vitamins thiamine hydrochloride, nicotinic acid and calcium. Pantothenate each in an amount of about 0.05 mg / l, the vitamin para-aminobenzoic acid in an amount of about 0.012 mg / l, the vitamin cyanocobalamin in an amount of about 0.012 mg / l and the vitamin biotin in an amount of about 0.0006 mg / l.

When using the phytosanitären invention this becomes  preferably converted in advance in an aqueous form. Here is the following Concentration frame preferred: at least one single amino acid or carboxylic acid in each case in an amount of about 0.01 to 10 mg / l, in particular especially about 0.1 to 1 mg / l, at least one single purine or Pyrimidine in each case in an amount of about 0.0001 to 1 mg / l, esp especially 0.006 mg / l and at least one single vitamin each in one Amount of about 0.0001 to 1 mg / L of aqueous agent. This invention appropriate phytosanitary means is advantageously still out staltet by adding the individual purines or pyrimidines in an amount of about 0.001 to 0.1 mg / l, in particular 0.006 mg / l, the individual amino acids or natural carboxylic acids in an amount of about 0.1 to 1 mg / l, especially 0.3 mg / l, the individual vitamins, pyridoxine hydro chloride, riboflavin, retinol palmitate, choline and folic acid in an amount from about 0.0002 to 1 mg / L, especially 0.06 mg / L, the individual Vitamins Thiamine hydrochloride, nicotinic acid and Ca-pantothenate in one Amount of about 0.05 mg / l, the vitamin para-aminobenzoic acid in one Amount of about 0.012 mg / l, the vitamin cyanocobalamin in an amount of about 0.0012 mg / L and the vitamin biotin in an amount of about 0.0006 mg / l.

In some cases, it may be beneficial if the phytosanitary agent encapsulated is used. It is subject to the capsule wall no significant restriction. This should be environmentally friendly and moreover dosed under the influence of moisture Allow exit of the entrapped phytosanitary agent. As a result, its targeted spreading exactly at the place of action possible, so that no loss of effect occurs on such areas, where no plants are settled. The encapsulation becomes a long one early effects possible. As an example of suitable capsules can those from liposomal materials, such as phospholipids become.

The use of the phytosanitary agent according to the invention is in the individual case also advantageous if no phytosanitary purpose pursued but only an increase and assurance of the yield of culture plant is sought.  

The phytosanitary agents according to the invention can in individual cases in Combination with compost extracts increased effects in the sick fighting and inhibiting or increasing yields and yield show security. The compost extract can immediately after his Recovery in aqueous form with a phytosanitary erfindungs mixed means in aqueous form and then immediately be brought. There is also the option of the compost extract Freeze-drying and him with the phytosanitary invention Mixtures in powdery form to mix. The mixing ratio is not critical here. There are other possibilities, the common seed effect from compost extract and phytosanitary invention Means to use. This can be achieved that the fiction, appropriate phytosanitary means the fermented organic substances be fed during the extraction. With progressive Extraction time are subject to the components of the phyto invention sanitary means of a certain reduction or a certain Um transformation, so that the gained in this way and ultimately turned Extracts in composition differ from those having the phytosanitary agent according to the invention alone. Despite this change will have the same biochemical effects as the sole use of the phytosanitary agent according to the invention achieved. It depends on the individual case, whether the phytosanitary means according to the Invention when used alone a better effectiveness than the combi nation phytosanitary agent / compost extract shows. Overall, there are various uses of the phytosanitary invention Agent.

Which means in the individual case shows the optimal effect, can be based on  clarify a simple preliminary experiment. The host / Pa used plays rasit system the essential role. Which of those discussed above three cases (control of fermentation, application simultaneously with Compost extracts and application alone) in a particular case of particular Advantage can be determined by a conventional screening method, being on the respective harmful organism or on the respective culture plant is turned off. The test object is the one to be protected Plant with the corresponding harmful organism.

In the preparation of the combination compost extract / phytosanitary Means may be used, for example, as follows: 10 parts by weight an aqueous solution of the phytosanitary agent according to the invention (about 0.3 mg of active substance in total in one liter of water) to Overflowing of a part by weight of compost used. in principle Any kind of compost can be used. Particularly suitable also commercially available composts, such as the product "Biokuhdung" the Fa. Backhus. The mixture of phytosanitary agent and compost will once after the pooling and then once a week shaken. The temperature during the extraction is preferred about 18 to 25 ° C. It lasts depending on the host para sit system about 1 to 30 days. After completion of the extraction follows one Filtration through a cloth or another filter with similar pore size (no sterile filtration). The extracts are made directly used after filtration or by lyophilization or others Process preserved and preserved. Basically subject to the subject man in the extraction of the combination compost extract / phytosanitary Means no material restrictions. The one described above Procedure can be modified in many ways.

By adding special phytosanitary agents according to the invention will be targeted in the context of compost extracts Promotion of microorganisms relevant to the environment from the multitude of Compost living microorganisms possible. In this way, the Fermentation process to be controlled during the extraction or it A secondary fermentation takes place. The application of the invention phytosanitary agent alone or in combination with the compost Extract directly on the leaves (or other plant parts) causes the  phytosanitary effect in the following ways: a) targeted promotion of Antagonists and / or competitors and thus oppression the harmful organisms; b) induced resistance, either the phytosanitary agents according to the invention directly or metabolites the promoted microorganisms act as inducers and c) disorder the detection mechanism between harmful organism and crop by biochemical or physical reactions. It can be in aqueous Form alone, in combination with aqueous compost extracts or Compost juices, in combination with resuspended compostlyo philisites and the like are used. The application takes place in special on aboveground plant parts or on seeds or under earthly plant parts. For seed treatment, the following appli come cation forms in question: seed baths in the treatment agents, coating with compost extracts, mixtures of the phytosanitary invention Agent with carriers or capsule insert in the already beschrie give way.

In the host parasite system Botrytis cinerea bean was used with a pure compost extract achieved an infraction reduction of 60% while in the combination compost extract / inventive phytosanitary Medium (addition of the phytosanitary agent after obtaining the compost Extracts) an 85% reduction in infestation was achieved. The accordingly in the host-parasite system Phytophthora infestans-To mate were 90% and 100% (laboratory tests). The host parasite systems Strawberry Botrytis cinerea, Potato Phytophthora infestans, Barley Erysi phe graminis and grapevine Plasmopara viticola showed against the untreated system in the treatment with an inventive Combination compost extract / phytosanitary agent infestation reduction values of 50%, 85%, 50 to 60% and 76 to 96%, respectively, and earnings Increases of 20 to 40 and 95% for the host-parasite system Strawberry botrytis cinerea and potato phythophthora infestans. The Host Parasite Systems Strawberry Botrytis cinerea, Potato Phythophthora infestans and grapevine plasmopara-viticola were field-tested examined while the other host parasite systems in the greenhouse were tested.

As a result, the advantages attainable with the invention are  that the treated plants or plant parts, such as seeds, against Disease is protected, this is excluded or the Harmful organisms inhibited without the use of chemically harmful biocides or be killed. In some cases, a repellent-us kung on animal pests (spider mites). With the agents according to the invention can also be quantitative and qualitative To achieve crop yield improvements. The term "Plant" should be understood here as far as possible and live like also dead plant or plant parts, such as leaves, stems, fruits or seeds and subterranean organs and, for example, timber and the like.

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to various examples be explained:

example

It should be investigated whether the phytosanitary invention Mixtures alone or in admixture with compost extracts the disease infestation of Phytophthora infestans (potato herb rot) (Plant: Tomato) and Botrytis cinerea (Gray mold) (Plant: Bean) in the affected plants show vigilance. It was in both cases of the following phytosanitary mixtures:

cyanocobalamin L-aspartic acid 300 μg / l L-glutamic acid 300 μg / l L-histidine 300 μg / l L-arginine 300 μg / l L-asparagine 300 μg / l L-lysine 300 μg / l L-methionine 300 μg / l L-threonine 300 μg / l D, L-glutamine 300 μg / l L-proline 300 μg / l L-hydroxyproline 300 μg / l uracil 6 μg / l hypoxanthine 6 μg / l inosine 6 μg / l riboflavin 60 μg / l Retinol palmitate 60 μg / l choline 60 μg / l folic acid 60 μg / l Para-amino benzoic acid 12 μg / l cyanocobalamin 12 μg / l

2) Phytosanitary agent in aqueous compost extract with effect against Phytophthora infestans L-aspartic acid 300 μg / l L-glutamic acid 300 μg / l L-histidine 300 μg / l L-arginine 300 μg / l D-, L-valine 300 μg / l L-leucine 300 μg / l L-cystine 300 μg / l L-isoleucine 300 μg / l adenine sulfate 6 μg / l Guaninhydrochlorid 6 μg / l cytosine 6 μg / l Tymin 6 μg / l thiamine hydrochloride 50 μg / l biotin 0.6 μg / l nicotinic acid 50 μg / l Ca-pantothenate 50 μg / l pyridoxine hydrochloride 60 μg / l

3) Phytosanitary agent in aqueous compost extract with effect against Botrytis cinerea L-aspartic acid 300 μg / l L-glutamic acid 300 μg / l L-histidine 300 μg / l L-arginine 300 μg / l D-, L-valine 300 μg / l L-leucine 300 μg / l L-cystine 300 μg / l L-isoleucine 300 μg / l adenine sulfate 6μg / l Guaninhydrochlorid 6 μg / l cytosine 6 μg / l Tymin 6 μg / l thiamine hydrochloride 50 μg / l biotin 0.6 μg / l nicotinic acid 50 μg / l Ca-pantothenate 50 μg / l pyridoxine hydrochloride 60 μg / l

The leaf extraction was carried out as follows: bush beans c.v. Maro Well, they were raised in the greenhouse. For the use of primary about 10 days in the test and about 3 in the case of secondary leaves up to 4 weeks. After that, some were the same old leaves cut and put into a bowl of water-soaked blotting paper sets. Special emphasis was placed on an absolutely dry leaf surface the bean leaves laid. The cultivation of tomato plants lasted about 5 to 6 weeks much longer.

Inoculation was carried out on tomato leaves with a sporangia suspension of 150,000 / ml with a pump sprayer on the underside of the leaf. After inoculation, the temperature was lowered to about 12 to 14 ° C. for about 12 to 24 hours in order to ensure optimum hatching of the zoospores and thus the success of the infection. Thereafter, a temperature of about 20 ° C during the day and 17 ° C at night with a light / dark change was maintained until evaluation for 7 days. Botrytis inoculation was simultaneous with the application of the extracts. Here, to a drop of compost extract / phytosanitary agent of 0.015 ml, the same amount of a spore suspension (10 ⁶ / ml in 0.5-15 malt extract solution) was added.

Extract extraction was carried out as follows: The respective phyto Sanitary agent (in aqueous form) was diluted 1:10. 10 parts by weight Of these, compost was used to overflow one part. These Mixture was once after collapsing and then weekly Once shaken vigorously. The extraction conditions in Regarding temperature and lighting corresponded to the experiment conditions. The amount of extract needed for treatment was Filtration of the previously freshly stirred mixture through a cloth or coffee filters provided.

To detect partial effects via induced resistance, the  Application of the pure phytosanitary agent as well as the mixture of Extract / pure phytosanitary agent on the intact plant performed. These were tomato plants with the compost Extract / phytosanitary agent 2) dripping wet and sprayed around it applied microorganisms a good survival or establishment possibility to secure on the phyllossphere and three days in one Climate chamber with very high humidity kept (20 ° C during the day, 18 ° C at night; 7 to 20 o'clock dark phase). As a control serves once Water treatment (with 0.5-1% malt extract in Botrytis) and at Phytophthora as further controls the application of fresh phyto sanitary means 1) and 2), whereby the direct effect of the phytosanitary By means of the disease development can be estimated.

The evaluation was carried out on those with the phytosanitary agent 1) and 2) treated tomato leaves by a score in percentages, wherein a rating key according to C. James (Canadien Plant Disease Survey 51, 1971) served as an estimation aid. In botrytis (plant: bean) was the Size of the leaf lesions or their enlargement over the drops limitation. For billing was an analysis of variance and Duncan test done.

Result Phytophthora trial (plant: tomato)

The mixture compost extract / phytosanitary agent (mixture 2)) or the pure phytosanitary agent 1) showed a good effect against Phytophthora. The effect of pure compost extract became clear exceeded. Numerically, the effect can be stated as follows: The untreated tomato leaves were 80% with the Phytophtho ra-cabbage infested. The compost extracts alone caused one 90% reduction in infestation, the pure phytosanitary agent 1) or the Mean 2) reduced the infestation to 0%.

Botrytis experiments (plant: bean)

Here was a particularly good effect on the phytosanitary Mean 3). A mixture of the agent 3) with compost extracts led to  an 85% reduction in infestation, while the compost extracts alone the Reduced botrytis infestation by only 60%.

Claims (11)

1. Use of a phytosanitary agent, the

• I) amino acids and / or natural carboxylic acids or their derivatives or salts,
• II) purines and / or pyrimidines or their derivatives or salts and
• III) Vitamins or their salts

containing about 0.1 to 10 parts by weight of a single compound the group I) about 0.001 to 1 part by weight of a single compound of Group II) and about 0.001 to 1 part by weight of a single compound of Group III), for the prevention and control of Phytophthora infestans (potato herb rot), Botrytis cinerea (gray mold), Plasmo para viticola (downy mildew on vines), Erysiphe graminis (true Mildew of the crop), Tilletia sp. (Stone brandy of wheat) and Pseudopeziza tracheiphila (red burner on vines). 2. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that about 0.5 to 5 parts by weight of a single compound of group I) are present. 3. Use according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it at least one of the following amino acids or derivatives or salts including: L-aspartic acid, L-glutamic acid, L-histidine, L-Ar ginin, L-alanine, L-serine, D- and / or L-tryptophan, L-tyrosine, D- and / or L-phenylalanine, L-asparagine, L-lysine, L-methionine, L-threonine, D- and / or L-glutamine, L-proline, L-hydroxylproline, D- and / or L-valine, L-leucine, L-glycine, L-cystine and L-isoleucine. 4. Use according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it contains at least one of the following natural carboxylic acids or their salts: pyruvic acid, lactic acid, oxalic acid, malic acid, succinic acid, malonic acid, propionic acid, fumaric acid, α- ketoglutaric acid, glutaric acid and maleic acid. 5. Use according to at least one of claims 1 to 4, characterized characterized in that it comprises at least one of the following compounds in Form of adenine, guanine, inosine and hypoxanthine (purines), cytosine, Thymine and uracil (pyrimidines) or derivatives or salts. 6. Use according to at least one of claims 1 to 5, characterized characterized in that it contains at least one vitamin in the form of thiamine, Biotin, nicotinic acid, Ca-pantothenate, pyridoxine, riboflavin, para-amino benzoic acid, retinol palmitate, choline, cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12) and Contains folic acid or in the form of derivatives and precursors thereof. 7. Use according to claim 6, characterized in that it is in aqueous form is present. 8. Use according to claim 7, characterized in that it at least one single amino acid in an amount of about 0.01 to 10 mg / l, in particular about 0.1 to 1 mg / l, at least one single purine or pyrimidine in an amount of about 0.0001 to 1 mg / l and at least one single vitamin in an amount of about 0.0001 to 1 contains mg / l of aqueous medium. 9. Use according to claim 8, characterized in that the single purines or pyrimidines in an amount of approximately 0.001 to 0.1 mg / l, especially 0.006 mg / l, the individual amino acids or natural Carboxylic acids in an amount of about 0.1 to 1 mg / l, in particular 0.3 mg / l, the individual vitamins, pyridoxine hydrochloride, riboflavin, Retinol palmitate, choline and folic acid in an amount of about 0.0002 to 1 mg / l, especially 0.06 mg / l, the individual vitamins thiamine hydro chloride, nicotinic acid and Ca-pantothenate in an amount of about 0, o5 mg / L, the vitamin para-aminobenzoic acid in an amount of about 0.012 mg / l, the vitamin cyanocobalamin in an amount of about 0.0012 mg / l and the vitamin biotin is present in an amount of about 0.0006 mg / l. 10. Use according to at least one of the preceding claims for the treatment of plants, plant parts and plant and  Seed of crops for yield increase and assurance.