EP0419587B1 - Einwegbürste, insbesondere für die zähne - Google Patents

Einwegbürste, insbesondere für die zähne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0419587B1
EP0419587B1 EP90901649A EP90901649A EP0419587B1 EP 0419587 B1 EP0419587 B1 EP 0419587B1 EP 90901649 A EP90901649 A EP 90901649A EP 90901649 A EP90901649 A EP 90901649A EP 0419587 B1 EP0419587 B1 EP 0419587B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
head
tube
reservoir
brushing device
cannula
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP90901649A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0419587A1 (de
Inventor
Jacques Saury
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0419587A1 publication Critical patent/EP0419587A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0419587B1 publication Critical patent/EP0419587B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A46—BRUSHWARE
    • A46B—BRUSHES
    • A46B11/00—Brushes with reservoir or other means for applying substances, e.g. paints, pastes, water
    • A46B11/0072—Details
    • A46B11/0079—Arrangements for preventing undesired leakage or dispensing
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A46—BRUSHWARE
    • A46B—BRUSHES
    • A46B11/00—Brushes with reservoir or other means for applying substances, e.g. paints, pastes, water
    • A46B11/001—Brushes with reservoir or other means for applying substances, e.g. paints, pastes, water with integral reservoirs
    • A46B11/002—Brushes with reservoir or other means for applying substances, e.g. paints, pastes, water with integral reservoirs pressurised at moment of use manually or by powered means
    • A46B11/0041—Flexible or deformable reservoirs, e.g. resilient bulbs, compressible tubes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a brushing device in particular for teeth with toothpaste reservoir, or other product.
  • a toothbrush constituting the closest state of the art and comprising a brushing head mounted on a dispensing cannula fixed to the threaded end of a paste reservoir toothpaste constituting grip handle, this reserve being of capacity adapted to receive several doses of toothpaste and being constituted by a tube of commercial paste.
  • the cannula is provided with an internal channel communicating on the one hand with a nozzle which it comprises at the end and on the other hand with the reserve of toothpaste.
  • the nozzle of the cannula is in relation to an orifice made in the brushing head and opening out at the level of the bristles of the head.
  • the dough tank is made of flexible material deformable by pressure.
  • the brushing head when brushing the teeth, cannot remain constantly in the axis of the reservoir. In other words the brushing movement that the user prints on the tank is largely absorbed By the deformation of this tank and can therefore not be communicated correctly to the brush head. This results in poor brushing of the teeth.
  • the cannulas of this type of brush are of reduced lengths and are completely covered by the brushing head. Because of this configuration, the reservoir is in the immediate vicinity of the brushing head and is caused to penetrate the mouth of the user and risks injuring the gums and / or the internal faces of the cheeks as well as the enamel of the teeth. This risk is increased by the fact that the brush head and the reservoir cannot remain constantly in alignment.
  • the reservoir since the reservoir has a notable section, its penetration into the mouth of the user is thereby limited. Thus it is difficult to reach with the brushing head the anterior regions of the jaws.
  • the toothbrush of the type comprising a cannula fixed by screwing to the end of a tube of dough constituting reservoir and grip handle and a brushing head mounted on the cannula also has the disadvantage of being of high cost .
  • This disadvantage added to those previously mentioned, has led those skilled in the art to produce disposable toothbrushes to seek other solutions.
  • the brushing head linked to this handle comprises, above the bristles, a cavity into which a dose of toothpaste is introduced. This cavity communicates with the bristle region of the brush via an orifice made in the thickness of the head and is covered by a flexible wall capable of being deformed by pressure in the cavity, in order to expel the toothpaste towards the bristles of the brush.
  • the Applicant has also observed that the problem of maintaining the brush head and the cannula in the axis of the reservoir when brushing the teeth is largely solved if a short length reservoir is used or low capacity.
  • the present invention therefore relates to a brushing device, in particular for the teeth comprising a flexible reservoir of toothpaste or other product constituting grip handle extended by a rigid dispensing cannula, of paste, provided with an internal orifice, longitudinal, in relationship on the one hand with the reservoir and on the other hand with a nozzle practiced at the end, by which the toothpaste is distributed to a brushing head provided with bristles mounted on the cannula in recovery of its nozzle, said head being provided with '' a drilling coming in connection with the nozzle.
  • the brushing device in particular for the teeth, for single use, disposable after use, comprises a flexible reservoir 1 of toothpaste constituting a grip handle extended axially by a rigid paste dispensing cannula 4, provided with a longitudinal internal orifice 8 in relation on the one hand with the reservoir 1 and on the other hand with a nozzle 5 made radially at the end of said cannula which is covered by a brush head 2 mounted on the cannula 4 and provided with a bore 6 opening into the bristle region 3 of the head 2 and coming into relation with the nozzle 5 of the cannula 4 so that by pressure from the reservoir the dose of paste which it contains is expelled towards the bristles of the brush.
  • the constituent elements of the toothbrush are made of synthetic material of any suitable type.
  • the cannula 4 at its end opposite the reservoir has a collar 7 in the form of a circular disc.
  • This circular disc-shaped collar develops perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cannula.
  • the diameter of the collar 7 is larger than that of the cannula.
  • the diameter of the collar is equal to or close to two centimeters while the external diameter of the cannula is equal to or close to 0.6 centimeters.
  • the cannula 4 has a cross section in the form of a ring.
  • the reservoir is formed from a tubular sheath, for example cylindrical, flexible, tightly fixed by one of its ends to the flange 7 using any appropriate means and technique. After filling with toothpaste, the other end of the sheath will be closed by bringing its lips together and welding them.
  • the capacity of the reservoir is such that the latter contains only a single dose of toothpaste.
  • the capacity of the tank is between two and four cc.
  • this reservoir is such that it can be fully pressed between the thumb and forefinger of the user's hand so that the user by his thumb and forefinger brings the front part of the sheath flexible constituting the reservoir against the internal face of the collar 7, this face internal being that which with the internal face of the sheath defines the volume of the reservoir.
  • the thumb and index finger of the user by means of the sheath press against the collar 7.
  • the latter being intimately attached to the cannula 4 or being integral with said cannula, the axial retention of the cannula is obtained relative to the reservoir and relative to the hand of the user.
  • the brushing movement which the user imparts on the toothbrush is very little or not at all absorbed by the deformation of the reservoir.
  • a rigid lug 13 of suitable shape can be fixed to the collar 7 which develops in the tank, parallel to the axis of the said tank against which the user by pressing with his fingers will bring the sheath constituting the tank .
  • This tab may be integral with the collar 7 and may be fixed by one of its ends to the perimeter edge of said collar 7.
  • This tab 13 may advantageously be bent along an arc of circumference of increasing radius from its rooting zone at the flange to its distal end so as to follow the geometry of the reservoir 1.
  • the cannula 4 has a length greater than that of the reservoir 1 and the brushing head 2 is mounted on the end portion of the cannula, that is to say that located at a distance from the collar 7.
  • the head 2 is spaced from the flange 7 and the reservoir 1 by a sufficient interval so that it can be introduced to the ends of the jaws without the reservoir penetrating the mouth of the user and constitutes a discomfort.
  • This interval is at least equal to or close to one and a half times the length of the head.
  • the terminal portion of the cannula occupies substantially one third of the length of the latter.
  • the value of this interval is at least equal to three centimeters and the length of the cannula is at least equal to four centimeters.
  • the length of the head will not be more than two centimeters.
  • the brushing head 2 has, along its longitudinal axis, an internal cavity 10, blind in which the terminal portion of the cannula 4 is introduced, said terminal portion and said cavity having complementary shapes.
  • the terminal portion of the cannula is formed by a narrowing of the said cannula, which makes it possible to reduce the section of the cavity 10 and consequently the thickness of the brushing head 2.
  • the end of the cannula is closed, the nozzle 5 of the latter being formed radially near said end.
  • the head has an external flat 9 in which the bristles are rooted.
  • the drilling 6 that the head comprises is made radially from the flat and opens into the internal cavity 10.
  • the part of the head opposite this flat may have an ergonomic shape to allow better penetration into the mouth.
  • radial bores 6 made from the flat part and opening into the internal cavity may be provided, these radial bores all coming into communication with the nozzle 5 of the cannula.
  • the brushing head is mounted on the cannula with the possibility of displacement relative to the cannula and this between an initial position in which the nozzle of the cannula is closed and a final position in which the bore 6 which it comprises, which opens into the region of the bristles by one of its ends, is by its other end, in communication with the nozzle 5 of the cannula 4 to allow the distribution of a dose of toothpaste in the bristles of the brush, dispensing operated by pressing the reservoir.
  • the head cavity and the cannula are cylindrical in shape and the brush head is mounted on the cannula with the possibility of rotational movement.
  • the drilling presented by the head and the nozzle of the cannula will move away from or approach each other by angular movement of the head.
  • the nozzle 5 will be closed off by the surface of the internal cavity 10.
  • the head 2 is blocked in translation on the cannula.
  • the translational locking of the head on the cannula is carried out by adhesion.
  • the head in the internal cavity may be provided with at least one projecting rib, this rib coming into pressure against the cylindrical face of the terminal portion of the cannula.
  • this rib develops in the cavity 10 in the form of a helix.
  • the cavity has several regularly distributed ribs, each rib developing along the outline of a circle. It should be noted that thanks to this or these ribs which come or come under pressure on the cannula, no untimely pivoting of the head is to be feared. Thus the head, as long as the user has not brought it according to its final position, will remain according to its initial position.
  • the translation of the head on the cannula is blocked by obstacle.
  • a lug projecting from the surface of the cannula and a groove formed in the head cavity in which the throat engages the lug.
  • annular seal is mounted in a groove in the cannula.
  • this seal is advantageously constituted by one of the circular ribs.
  • the head and the cannula may be provided with means for locating their position relative to one another.
  • these locating means could be constituted by two indexes 11 and 12 formed respectively on the head and the cannula, these two indexes coming opposite one another for example when the head is placed according to the position of use of the brush, that is to say according to the final position.
  • locking members consisting of an elastic element protruding fixedly to the external surface of the cannula and by two orifices practiced in the head cavity.
  • the elastic member enters one of these orifices when the head is arranged in its initial position and in the other orifice when the head is arranged in its final position.
  • the brushing head is intimately fixed to the cannula and cannot move relative to the latter, both in translation and in rotation, or else is molded at the end of the cannula.
  • a toothbrush according to the embodiments previously described is advantageously provided with a protective cap 14 covering the bristles of the brushing head and being clipped to the body of said head.
  • This capsule is advantageously provided with an internal pin 15 which, when the capsule is placed on the head, closes the bore 6 of the brushing head, in order to avoid drying of the product in the reservoir and the cannula and to guarantee the authenticity of the first and only use of the brushing device.
  • the pin 15 may come to close off the nozzle 5 of the cannula.
  • Such an arrangement can also be applied to a brush head rotatably mounted on the cannula.
  • a sealing membrane either for piercing the head or for the nozzle, always to prevent drying of the product before use of the brushing device.
  • This membrane may be perforated by the pin of the capsule when the latter is pressed towards the brushing head.
  • the brushing device in particular for the teeth as described, may consist of the elements of a paste tube, comprising a cannula with a collar, the brushing head possibly being the closure plug of this tube.

Landscapes

  • Brushes (AREA)
  • Massaging Devices (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Pens And Brushes (AREA)
  • Dental Tools And Instruments Or Auxiliary Dental Instruments (AREA)
  • Tubes (AREA)
  • Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
  • Non-Flushing Toilets (AREA)
  • Dental Preparations (AREA)

Claims (18)

  1. Bürste, besonders für die Zähne, mit einem nachgiebigen Behälter (1) für Zahnpaste oder ein anderes Produkt, der den Handgriff bildet und durch eine starre Kanüle (4) zur Verteilung der Paste verlängert ist, die einen inneren Längskanal (8) aufweist, der einerseits mit dem Behälter (1) und andererseits mit einer Düse (5) in Verbindung steht, die am Ende ausgebildet ist und durch welche die Zahnpaste an einen mit Borsten (3) versehenen Bürstenkopf (2) abgegeben wird, der auf der Kanüle unter Abdeckung von deren Düse montiert und mit einer Bohrung (6) versehen ist, die in Verbindung mit der Düse gebracht werden kann, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Bürste vom Typ Einwegbürste ist, die nach einmaligem Gebrauch weggeworfen wird, und daß
    - die Kanüle an ihrem dem Behälter gegenüberliegenden Ende einen starren scheibenförmigen Kragen (7) trägt, dessen Durchmesser größer als der Durchmesser der Kanüle ist,
    - der Behälter aus einer nachgiebigen rohrförmigen Hülse besteht, die mit einem ihrer Enden am Kragen befestigt ist,
    - der Behälter, dessen Kapazität auf eine einzige Dosis beschränkt ist, eine solche Länge aufweist, daß er insgesamt zwischen dem Daumen und dem Zeigefinger der Hand des Benutzers zusammengepreßt werden kann, so daß der Benutzer durch seinen Daumen und seinen Zeigefinger den vorderen Teil der den Behälter bildenden nachgiebigen Hülse gegen die Innenseite des Kragens (7) bringt, um so die axiale Blockierung der Kanüle bezüglich des Behälters zu gewährleisten,
    - die Kanüle eine größere Länge als die des Behälters aufweist, und daß der Bürstenkopf auf dem Endabschnitt der Kanüle montiert und vom Kragen (7) und damit vom Behälter über eine genügende Strecke beabstandet ist, daß er bis zu den Enden der Backenzähne eingeführt werden kann, ohne daß der Behälter in den Mund des Benutzers eindringt.
  2. Bürste nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Länge der Kanüle (4) größer als die des Behälters (1) und die Größe des Zwischenraums zwischen dem Kopf (2) und dem Kragen (7) mindestens gleich der Eineinhalb-fachen Länge des Kopfes ist und der Endabschnitt der Kanüle im wesentlichen ein Drittel der Länge derselben einnimmt.
  3. Bürste nach Anspruch 1 gekennzeichnet durch einen am Kragen (7) befestigten starren Fortsatz (13), der sich im Behälter parallel zur Achse des Behälters erstreckt.
  4. Bürste nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kopf (2) an der Kanüle (4) so montiert ist, daß er bezüglich letzterer zwischen einer Ausgangsstellung, in der die Düse der Kanüle verschlossen ist, und einer Endstellung verschiebbar ist, in welcher die Bohrung (6), die er aufweist und die mit einem ihrer Enden im Bereich der Borsten (3) mündet, mit ihrem anderen Ende mit der Düse (5) der Kanüle (4) in Verbindung steht, um die Verteilung einer Dosis Zahnpaste in den Borsten der Bürste zu ermöglichen, wobei diese Verteilung durch Zusammendrücken des Behälters bewirkt wird.
  5. Bürste nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Düse (5) im Endabschnitt der Kanüle (4) radial bezüglich der Kanüle ausgebildet ist.
  6. Bürste nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kopf (2) den gesamten Endabschnitt der Kanüle abdeckt und in Richtung seiner Längsachse eine Blindbohrung (10) aufweist, in welche der Endabschnitt der Kanüle eingesetzt ist.
  7. Bürste nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kopf (2) eine Abflachung (9) aufweist, in welche die Borsten (3) eingesetzt sind.
  8. Bürste nach den Ansprüchen 1, 6 und 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Bohrung (6), welche der Kopf (2) aufweist, von der Abflachung (9) ausgeht und in der inneren Blindbohrung (10) mündet.
  9. Bürste nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kopf (2) auf de Kanüle (4) drehbar montiert ist, wobei in der Anfangsstellung des Kopfes die Fläche der inneren Blindbohrung (10) die Düse (5) verschließt.
  10. Bürste nach den Ansprüchen 4 oder 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kopf auf der Kanüle unverschiebbar gehalten ist.
  11. Bürste nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Unverschiebbarkeit durch Haftung bewirkt wird.
  12. Bürste nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Unverschiebbarkeit durch Haftung durch mindestens eine in die innere Blindbohrung vorstehende Rippe bewirkt wird, wobei diese Rippe gegen die zylindrische Fläche des Endabschnitts der Kanüle drückt.
  13. Bürste nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Unverschiebbarkeit durch ein Hindernis bewirkt wird.
  14. Bürste nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kopf (2) und die Kanüle (4) mit Markierungen zur Anzeige ihrer Stellung zueinander versehen sind.
  15. Bürste nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Bürstenkopf (2) unverschiebbar und drehfest an der Kanüle (4) befestigt ist.
  16. Bürste nach einem der Ansprüche 1, 4 und 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie mit einer Schutzkappe (14) versehen ist, welche die Borsten (3) des Bürstenkopfes (2) abdeckt und am Körper des Kopfes angeklemmt wird.
  17. Bürste nach einem der Ansprüche 1, 4, 15 und 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kappe (14) mit einem Innenzapfen (15) versehen ist, der beim Aufsetzen der Kappe auf den Kopf (2) die Bohrung des Kopfes verschließt.
  18. Bürste nach einem der Ansprüche 1, 4, 15 und 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Bohrung des Kopfes (2) und/oder die Düse (5) durch eine Membran verschlossen ist, die durch den Zapfen der Kappe bei deren Eindrücken gegen den Kopf perforierbar ist.
EP90901649A 1989-02-09 1990-01-02 Einwegbürste, insbesondere für die zähne Expired - Lifetime EP0419587B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8902001A FR2642626B1 (fr) 1989-02-09 1989-02-09 Brosse a dents avec reservoir de pate dentifrice
FR8902001 1989-02-09
PCT/FR1990/000003 WO1990009122A1 (fr) 1989-02-09 1990-01-02 Dispositif de brossage, notamment pour les dents, a usage unique, jetable apres usage

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0419587A1 EP0419587A1 (de) 1991-04-03
EP0419587B1 true EP0419587B1 (de) 1995-08-30

Family

ID=9378827

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90901649A Expired - Lifetime EP0419587B1 (de) 1989-02-09 1990-01-02 Einwegbürste, insbesondere für die zähne

Country Status (17)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0419587B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH03505054A (de)
CN (1) CN1053885A (de)
AT (1) ATE126980T1 (de)
AU (1) AU4837890A (de)
CA (1) CA2026988C (de)
DD (1) DD291920A5 (de)
DE (1) DE69021971T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2078334T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2642626B1 (de)
GR (1) GR1001113B (de)
IE (1) IE74128B1 (de)
IS (1) IS3542A7 (de)
NZ (1) NZ232464A (de)
PT (2) PT90287B (de)
WO (1) WO1990009122A1 (de)
YU (1) YU26290A (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9173476B2 (en) 2011-06-17 2015-11-03 Fernando Miñano Fernandez Chewing-based oral self-cleaning device

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2080020B1 (es) * 1994-07-06 1996-08-16 Mejias David Gonzalez Cabezal para cepillos de dientes.
FR2852212B1 (fr) * 2003-03-10 2006-08-18 Oreal Ensemble de conditionnement et d'application d'un produit, notamment pour les fibres keratiniques
EP1836922A1 (de) 2006-03-22 2007-09-26 Jon Sakowsky Zahnbürste
GB2538302B (en) 2015-05-15 2017-10-04 Dyson Technology Ltd Cleaning appliance
GB2538303B (en) * 2015-05-15 2017-09-20 Dyson Technology Ltd Cleaning appliance
GB2538304B (en) 2015-05-15 2017-11-22 Dyson Technology Ltd Cleaning appliance
GB2555418B (en) 2016-10-26 2019-03-06 Dyson Technology Ltd Cleaning Appliance
GB2555417B (en) 2016-10-26 2020-01-22 Dyson Technology Ltd Cleaning Appliance
RS63009B1 (sr) 2018-05-17 2022-03-31 Iwito D O O Četkica za zube sa izmenljivim uloškom za zubnu pastu
GB2575022B (en) 2018-06-20 2020-09-30 Dyson Technology Ltd Dental treatment appliance

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1940180A (en) * 1931-05-07 1933-12-19 Nielsen Christian Frederik Brush for putting on tooth paste, cream, and the like
US2705335A (en) * 1951-02-02 1955-04-05 Jacob A Glassman Disposable fountain toothbrush
US2766472A (en) * 1953-01-30 1956-10-16 Harry K Aurandt Fountain toothbrush
FR1265175A (fr) * 1960-02-27 1961-06-30 Brosse à dents à jets de rinçage
FR1339638A (fr) * 1962-08-29 1963-10-11 Brosse à dents perfectionnée à injection de dentifrice par manche à réservoir
US3408150A (en) * 1966-02-25 1968-10-29 Figa Rubin Toothbrush and toothpaste integral unit
JPS5247974B2 (de) * 1973-03-07 1977-12-06
IT1085760B (it) * 1977-04-27 1985-05-28 Tomasini Gianni Gruppo di spazzolino,in particolare spazzolino da denti,con manico contenitore erogatore di materiale in pasta,avente la testa portasetole spostabile per permettere o arrestare l'erogazione del materiale in pasta
FR2579874A1 (en) * 1985-04-09 1986-10-10 Pichon Jean Francois Disposable brush, for example a toothbrush, of the type with reservoir and piston, produced as two independent parts

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9173476B2 (en) 2011-06-17 2015-11-03 Fernando Miñano Fernandez Chewing-based oral self-cleaning device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PT90287A (pt) 1990-08-31
GR900100079A (en) 1991-06-28
JPH03505054A (ja) 1991-11-07
ATE126980T1 (de) 1995-09-15
WO1990009122A1 (fr) 1990-08-23
CA2026988A1 (fr) 1990-08-10
YU26290A (sh) 1994-01-20
PT90287B (pt) 1995-06-30
GR1001113B (el) 1993-04-28
DE69021971D1 (de) 1995-10-05
IE74128B1 (en) 1997-07-02
ES2078334T3 (es) 1995-12-16
IS3542A7 (is) 1990-08-10
DE69021971T2 (de) 1996-05-15
PT93091A (pt) 1990-08-31
EP0419587A1 (de) 1991-04-03
IE900462L (en) 1990-08-09
FR2642626B1 (fr) 1993-08-06
AU4837890A (en) 1990-09-05
DD291920A5 (de) 1991-07-18
PT93091B (pt) 1995-12-29
IE900462A1 (en) 1991-04-10
FR2642626A1 (fr) 1990-08-10
CA2026988C (fr) 1999-12-28
CN1053885A (zh) 1991-08-21
NZ232464A (en) 1993-03-26

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