EP0418411B1 - Système d'avertissement d'incendie avec un avertisseur combiné - Google Patents

Système d'avertissement d'incendie avec un avertisseur combiné Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0418411B1
EP0418411B1 EP89117329A EP89117329A EP0418411B1 EP 0418411 B1 EP0418411 B1 EP 0418411B1 EP 89117329 A EP89117329 A EP 89117329A EP 89117329 A EP89117329 A EP 89117329A EP 0418411 B1 EP0418411 B1 EP 0418411B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fire
temperature
humidity
measured
alarm
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP89117329A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0418411A1 (fr
Inventor
Helfried Dipl.-Ing. Lappe
Otfried Dipl.-Ing. Post
Peer Dr.-Ing. Thilo
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to EP89117329A priority Critical patent/EP0418411B1/fr
Priority to DE89117329T priority patent/DE58907131D1/de
Priority to AT89117329T priority patent/ATE102374T1/de
Priority to ES89117329T priority patent/ES2049787T3/es
Publication of EP0418411A1 publication Critical patent/EP0418411A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0418411B1 publication Critical patent/EP0418411B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B29/00—Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
    • G08B29/18—Prevention or correction of operating errors
    • G08B29/183—Single detectors using dual technologies
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B29/00—Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
    • G08B29/18—Prevention or correction of operating errors
    • G08B29/20—Calibration, including self-calibrating arrangements
    • G08B29/24—Self-calibration, e.g. compensating for environmental drift or ageing of components
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B29/00—Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
    • G08B29/18—Prevention or correction of operating errors
    • G08B29/20—Calibration, including self-calibrating arrangements
    • G08B29/24—Self-calibration, e.g. compensating for environmental drift or ageing of components
    • G08B29/26—Self-calibration, e.g. compensating for environmental drift or ageing of components by updating and storing reference thresholds

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fire alarm system with a fire alarm center, primary alarm lines and smoke detectors connected to it, which detect different fire parameters, the smoke density being measured with a smoke sensor and the heat or temperature being measured with a temperature sensor and being stored for further processing.
  • a physical fire parameter either smoke or temperature
  • a physical fire parameter is generally used for the early detection of damage fires in order to determine the alarm. This can more easily lead to malfunctions or deceptions, for example caused by cigarette smoke.
  • the parameter under consideration does not change or changes only slightly. For example, when burning alcohol, a liquid fire, no aerosol formation, i.e. no smoke occurs, a smoke detector does not respond. A heat detector would recognize such a combustion process, but relatively late.
  • liquid fires such as alcohol
  • the temperature change is not always detected early, ie quickly enough.
  • hydrogen is released, which combines with the atmospheric oxygen to form water, which in turn accumulates in the form of water vapor in the surrounding atmosphere. It is therefore an object of the invention to detect damage fires early and reliably with the aid of multi-criteria detectors and also to take account of the water vapor formation that occurs.
  • a moisture sensor is additionally arranged in the fire detector, with which the relative atmospheric humidity is measured and temporarily stored
  • a microcomputer and at least one read-only memory in which the water vapor saturation curve is stored are provided are that using the microcomputer and the stored data of the saturation curve from the measured temperature and the measured relative humidity, the absolute humidity is calculated and saved as a new and additional fire parameter, namely absolute humidity, for further processing, and that the three fire parameters smoke density, temperature and absolute humidity, can be related by means of a linking device in such a way that fire alarm criteria for the formation of an alarm signal are derived therefrom.
  • the fire events described at the outset can be detected early, for example if there is a rise in temperature and a simultaneous rapid increase in the absolute humidity due to the combustion of a certain liquid, such as eg alcohol, can be recognized.
  • a certain liquid such as eg alcohol
  • the fire parameter smoke density is also advantageously recorded, and from the three fire parameters, namely also the additional fire parameter absolute humidity, by means of suitable ones in a read-only memory stored detection algorithms in the event of fire form an early and safe alarm signal.
  • the calculation of the absolute air humidity and the combination of the various measured values to form an alarm signal can either be carried out in a fire detector, which is designed as a combination detector, or else in the fire alarm center, with the individual detector measured values being periodically transmitted to the alarm center.
  • FIG. 1 shows the measured value curve for the fire parameters temperature T, absolute humidity AF and smoke density RD of an optical smoke detector over a time axis.
  • the same scale factors are used for the measurement axis for all drawings.
  • the time axis is based on 14 minutes. It can be seen very clearly here that the three fire parameters increase relatively evenly.
  • FIG. 1 A typical cigarette fire over a time axis of 25 minutes is shown in FIG.
  • Fig. 4 a spirit fire is now shown over the time axis of thirty minutes. Here you can see very clearly that this fire has a very strong part in the temperature increase T and a very strong part in the increase in the absolute humidity AF. The percentage of smoke density RD is negligible.
  • the fire characteristic curve when boiling water is shown in Fig. 5.
  • the timeline has a scale of 90 minutes.
  • a high proportion of the absolute humidity AF can be seen.
  • a slight heat development in the course of the measured value of the temperature T can also be seen.
  • a very sensitive heat detector could possibly trigger a false alarm, but this can be prevented here with a multi-criteria detector according to the invention if an extremely strong course of the absolute humidity is detected in relation to the weak temperature course.
  • the three fire parameters smoke density, temperature and absolute air humidity are taken into account in the fire alarm system according to the invention.
  • the acquisition of the measured values and the processing expediently take place with an intelligent, microprocessor-supported combination detector which periodically records these values.
  • the smoke density is measured according to the principle of optical backscattering and a measurement value for the smoke density is made available for further processing with a downstream electronic circuit.
  • the moisture sensor for detecting the relative air humidity is expediently formed by a capacitance which generates a frequency-analog signal with the aid of an oscillator circuit.
  • the downstream microcomputer measures this frequency with a quartz-controlled time base counter and uses this to determine the value of the relative air humidity from a linearization table that is stored in a read-only memory.
  • the sensor for the ambient temperature can be formed by a temperature-dependent resistor, for example an NTC resistor (thermistor), which uses a second oscillator circuit to generate a second frequency-analog signal.
  • the microcomputer measures this frequency with a quartz-controlled time base counter and uses this to determine the value of the ambient temperature using a second linearization table.
  • the absolute humidity is calculated using the water vapor saturation curve, which e.g. is in the form of a table.
  • the corresponding maximum possible water content is assigned to the corresponding temperature.
  • the instantaneous absolute humidity is multiplied by the relative humidity.
  • the absolute humidity is determined in the combination detector. This measured value of the absolute humidity is linked with the determined temperature and smoke density measured values with the aid of a detection algorithm located in the combination detector to form an alarm signal which is output to the fire alarm control panel.
  • the absolute humidity can also be calculated and the alarm signal generated in the fire alarm control panel itself.
  • the combination detector transmits its periodically determined measured values of the relative humidity, the temperature and the smoke density to the fire alarm control panel.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fire Alarms (AREA)
  • Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)

Claims (6)

  1. Installation d'avertissement d'incendie comportant un central d'avertissement d'incendie, des lignes primaires de signalisation et des avertisseurs d'incendie raccordés à ces lignes et qui détectent des différentes grandeurs caractéristiques d'un incendie, la densité de fumée étant mesurée au moyen d'un détecteur de fumée et la chaleur ou la température étant mesurée à l'aide d'un capteur de température et ces grandeurs étant mémorisées en vue d'un traitement ultérieur,
    caractérisée par le fait que dans l'avertisseur d'incendie est disposé, en supplément, un détecteur d'humidité, à l'aide duquel l'humidité relative de l'air est mesurée et est mémorisée temporairement, qu'il est prévu un micro-ordinateur et au moins une mémoire morte, dans laquelle est mémorisée la courbe de saturation de vapeur d'eau, qu'au moyen du microordinateur et des données mémorisées de la courbe de saturation, on calcule l'humidité absolue de l'air, à partir de la température et de l'humidité relative mesurée de l'air et qu'on mémorise, en tant que nouvelle grandeur caractéristique supplémentaire d'un incendie, à savoir l'humidité absolue, en vue d'un traitement ultérieur, et que les trois grandeurs caractéristiques d'incendie, à savoir la densité de fumée, la température et l'humidité absolue, sont mises en rapport au moyen d'un dispositif combinatoire de telle sorte que des critères d'alarme d'incendie en sont dérivés pour la formation d'un signal d'alarme.
  2. Installation d'avertissement d'incendie suivant la revendication 1, caractérisée par le fait que le calcul de la grandeur caractéristique d'un incendie, formée par l'humidité absolue et/ou la délivrance de l'alarme, est ou sont exécutés soit dans l'avertisseur d'incendie lui-même, soit dans le central d'avertissement d'incendie, les valeurs de mesure correspondantes, que sont la densité de fumée, la température, l'humidité relative de l'air ou l'humidité absolue, étant transmises périodiquement au central d'avertissement d'incendie ou bien le signal d'alarme étant transmis au central d'avertissement d'incendie.
  3. Installation d'avertissement d'incendie suivant la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée par le fait que la combinaison des trois grandeurs caractéristiques que sont la densité de fumée, la température et l'humidité absolue, est exécutée par le micro-ordinateur et à l'aide d'un algorithme de détection mémorisé dans une mémoire morte prévue à cet effet et qu'un signal d'alarme est éventuellement produit.
  4. Installation d'avertissement d'incendie suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée par le fait que la courbe de saturation de vapeur d'eau est mémorisée sous la forme d'un tableau et que la teneur en eau maximale possible associée est déterminée à partir du tableau conformément à la température mesurée et est multipliée par l'humidité relative de l'air et est mémorisée en tant que valeur de mesure de l'humidité pour l'humidité absolue instantanée de l'air.
  5. Installation d'avertissement d'incendie suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée par le fait que l'avertisseur d'incendie est agencé sous la forme d'un transmetteur combiné comportant un détecteur de fumée, un capteur de température et un détecteur d'humidité, que le détecteur de fumée est formé par un dispositif de mesure de la lumière diffuse en aval duquel est branché un circuit électronique qui délivre une valeur de mesure analogique de la densité de fumée, que le capteur de température est formé par une résistance qui dépend de la température et en aval de laquelle est branché un premier circuit oscillant qui produit un premier signal de fréquence analogique pour la température, que le capteur d'humidité est formé par une capacité variable, en aval de laquelle est branché un second circuit oscillant qui produit un second signal de fréquence analogique pour l'humidité relative de l'air, et que le micro-ordinateur branché en aval et pourvu d'au moins un compteur de base de temps piloté par quarts mesure les signaux respectifs de fréquence analogiques pour la température et l'humidité relative de l'air et détermine, par l'intermédiaire de tableaux respectifs de linéarisation mémorisés dans la mémoire, la valeur de la température ambiante et la valeur de l'humidité relative de l'air et mémorise temporairement cette valeur en vue d'un traitement ultérieur.
  6. Installation d'avertissement d'incendie suivant la revendication 2, caractérisée par le fait que la transmission des valeurs de mesure pour la densité de fumée, la température, l'humidité relative de l'air ou l'humidité absolue s'effectue séquentiellement et que la transmission du signal d'alarme s'effectue conformément au procédé de signalisation par impulsions sur la base du principe de la synchronisation en chaîne.
EP89117329A 1989-09-19 1989-09-19 Système d'avertissement d'incendie avec un avertisseur combiné Expired - Lifetime EP0418411B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP89117329A EP0418411B1 (fr) 1989-09-19 1989-09-19 Système d'avertissement d'incendie avec un avertisseur combiné
DE89117329T DE58907131D1 (de) 1989-09-19 1989-09-19 Brandmeldeanlage mit einem Kombinationsmelder.
AT89117329T ATE102374T1 (de) 1989-09-19 1989-09-19 Brandmeldeanlage mit einem kombinationsmelder.
ES89117329T ES2049787T3 (es) 1989-09-19 1989-09-19 Instalacion de aviso de incendio con un avisador combinado.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP89117329A EP0418411B1 (fr) 1989-09-19 1989-09-19 Système d'avertissement d'incendie avec un avertisseur combiné

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0418411A1 EP0418411A1 (fr) 1991-03-27
EP0418411B1 true EP0418411B1 (fr) 1994-03-02

Family

ID=8201907

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89117329A Expired - Lifetime EP0418411B1 (fr) 1989-09-19 1989-09-19 Système d'avertissement d'incendie avec un avertisseur combiné

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0418411B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE102374T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE58907131D1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2049787T3 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1996021208A1 (fr) * 1995-01-04 1996-07-11 Caradon Gent Limited Perfectionnements apportes a des detecteurs de fumee ou s'y rapportant
US5659292A (en) * 1995-02-21 1997-08-19 Pittway Corporation Apparatus including a fire sensor and a non-fire sensor
DE102004023524B3 (de) * 2004-05-13 2005-09-15 Job Lizenz Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren zur Erfassung und Meldung von Betauungen in Rauchmeldern
EP1732049A1 (fr) 2005-06-10 2006-12-13 Siemens S.A.S. Détecteur de feux ou de fumée à haute rejection de fausses alarmes

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3313137A1 (de) * 1983-04-12 1984-10-18 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Schaltungsanordnung zur stoersignalunterdrueckung in optischen rauchmeldern
AU573243B2 (en) * 1983-08-12 1988-06-02 Vision Systems Limited Pollution detecting apparatus
DE3337330A1 (de) * 1983-10-13 1985-04-25 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Verfahren und anordnung zur analogen messwertuebertragung der jeweiligen brandkenngroessen eines mehrkriterien-brandmelders
JPS61247918A (ja) * 1985-04-26 1986-11-05 Hochiki Corp アナログセンサの出力補正装置
JPS62269293A (ja) * 1986-05-19 1987-11-21 石井　弘允 火災報知装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE58907131D1 (de) 1994-04-07
EP0418411A1 (fr) 1991-03-27
ATE102374T1 (de) 1994-03-15
ES2049787T3 (es) 1994-05-01

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