EP0417233A1 - Verfahren zum betreiben einer anlage zur wirbelbettfeuerung auf kohlebasis sowie anlage zur wirbelbettfeuerung. - Google Patents
Verfahren zum betreiben einer anlage zur wirbelbettfeuerung auf kohlebasis sowie anlage zur wirbelbettfeuerung.Info
- Publication number
- EP0417233A1 EP0417233A1 EP90904768A EP90904768A EP0417233A1 EP 0417233 A1 EP0417233 A1 EP 0417233A1 EP 90904768 A EP90904768 A EP 90904768A EP 90904768 A EP90904768 A EP 90904768A EP 0417233 A1 EP0417233 A1 EP 0417233A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- bed
- fluidized bed
- bed material
- coal
- grain size
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims description 46
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 7
- 210000003918 fraction a Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 3
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010943 off-gassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000009419 refurbishment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
- F23C10/18—Details; Accessories
- F23C10/24—Devices for removal of material from the bed
- F23C10/26—Devices for removal of material from the bed combined with devices for partial reintroduction of material into the bed, e.g. after separation of agglomerated parts
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for operating a coal-based fluidized-bed furnace, in which comminuted coal is fed to a fluidized bed and burned with the bed material.
- the invention further relates to a system for fluidized bed firing with a conveyor line for the supply of coal and with a nozzle base on which a fluidized bed consisting of bed material is stored during operation.
- combustion in a fluidized bed places relatively low demands on the quality of the coal used, which means that a comparatively coarsely ground coal with a high ash content can also be burned without further ado.
- “Ash” is understood to mean the non-combustible substances contained in the coal, such as sand, clay, salts, metal compounds and the like.
- Coal that is ground to the size of the fluidized bed is used to operate a fluidized bed furnace. It is introduced into the fluidized bed, usually via the free space arranged above the fluidized bed. It is then burned in a homogeneous mixture with the bed material. This bed material is made up of sand and ash particles, that have previously reached the fluidized bed with the coal, but are also formed by migrating coal particles.
- the fluidized bed is continuously depleted of fine-grained bed material.
- the coarse-grained fractions increase continuously and settle on the nozzle bottom of the fluidized bed over a long period of operation. This in turn leads to clogging of individual nozzles for the supply of carrier air.
- the result of this is that locally different zones with little or no air throughput and zones with increased air throughput arise.
- the temperature homogeneity of the fluidized bed which is required for the decoupling of the heat generated, for example via a heat exchanger system, is thereby substantially disturbed.
- temperature streaks form over the areas with increased air throughput in the free space of the fluidized bed furnace.
- the invention is based on the object of specifying a method of the type mentioned at the outset which makes it possible to operate a coal-based fluidized-bed furnace without problems even over a relatively long period of time. Furthermore, a system for fluidized bed firing of the type mentioned at the beginning is to be specified, in which the formation of slag can be avoided over a longer period of time.
- the first-mentioned object is achieved in that a part of the bed material from the lower area of the We The bed is drawn off continuously or discontinuously, then preferably cooled, then processed to a predetermined maximum fluid bed-specific grain size and then returned to the fluidized bed.
- Bed material which is located in the lower part of the fluidized bed
- the proposal according to the invention aims to no longer set the optimum grain size range of the bed material of a fluidized bed firing system by grinding the fresh coal supplied, but instead to enable this by (preferably continuous) refurbishment of the bed material.
- the bed material can be worked up in a simple manner by means of a sieving device which is set to the required grain width band and which thus separates out a fine-grain fraction and a coarse-grain fraction.
- the coarse-grain fraction that does not pass the sieving device is preferably ground in a comminution device or, in particular, in a grinding device and fed back to the sieving device in comminuted form.
- a wind sifting can also be carried out instead of the screening.
- the predetermined maximum grain size can be, for example, 3 to 4 mm. Since, according to the invention, the setting of the optimal fluidized bed grain size band no longer takes place via the coal supplied, only a relatively coarse grinding of the coal supplied and fed to the fluidized bed is required. In addition to saving processing and grinding costs for the coal, the use of the coarse-grained coal has the further advantage that, compared to a finely ground coal, the total surface area of the coal supplied is relatively small. As a result, when coal is introduced into the free space above the fluidized bed, only a small part of the coal already outgasses during the entry into this free space. As a result, the free space temperature remains relatively low, so that problems with increased slag formation no longer occur.
- a further reduction in the outgassing of the fresh fuel (coal) in the free space above the fluidized bed can be achieved in that, according to a development of the invention, the prepared and recycled bed material (ash) is not introduced into the fluidized bed separately from the fuel (coal), but instead is previously mixed with this fuel.
- the proportion of cold inert material increases when the coal is fed in, as a result of which a decrease in temperature in the free space is achieved during the fuel input.
- the coarse-grained fraction of the coal slowly migrates to the bottom of the fluidized bed.
- an amount of bed material ie predominantly ash
- an amount of bed material is always deducted per unit of time, which is greater than the amount that is fed to the fluidized bed as coarse grain via the coal.
- the deduction for excess bed material can in principle be arranged on the nozzle bed or in front of the sieve device.
- the deduction for excess bed material is arranged in the transport path behind the device for processing the bed material. This is advantageous if the material removed here is temporarily stored in a bunker and then processed further. It is then already prepared for further processing in the fluidized bed.
- the invention makes it possible to burn coals with different calorific values in a system for fluidized bed firing without great demands on the preparation and grinding.
- the figure shows a boiler 1 operated with a coal-based fluidized bed firing with a fluidized bed 20, the upper level of which is indicated by an arrow 2.
- the carrier air 1 for the fluidized bed 20 is supplied to an air box 30 through a line 3. From there, it is introduced into the bed material of the fluidized bed 20 via distributor nozzles 4, which are arranged in a nozzle base 9.
- this bed 20 is a mixture of coal particles and particles of coal-based ash, ie of coal and burned and unburned residues.
- the heat generated in the fluidized bed 20 is here decoupled indirectly via a heat exchanger system 5 located above the nozzle base 9, for example with the aid of air or water as the heat exchange medium.
- the heat can be used to heat the working medium of a gas or steam turbine, not shown here.
- the fluidized bed 20 has a temperature of 850 ° C, for example. It is important that the temperature distribution as uniform as possible is established throughout the fluidized bed 20 so that no slag can form from ash and carbon particles and settle in the boiler 1 and / or in the flue gas flue.
- the one with fine dust or fine bag to which the flue gases g from the furnace first pass a space 6 provided above the fluidized bed 20. They are then fed, for example at 950 ° C., via a fume cupboard 7 to devices for dust and pollutant separation, not shown here. From there they get into a heat exchanger (not shown), for example a steam generator.
- Fresh coal k is introduced into the free space 6 via a conveyor path 8 above the fluidized bed level 2, for example by means of an allocator or a centrifuge (not shown). Instead, the introduction could also be carried out in the region of the fluidized bed 20, for example by blowing in or other known techniques.
- the bed material a that accumulates in the region of the nozzle base 9 of the fluidized bed 20 is drawn off via a discharge device, in the present case via a discharge opening 9 a arranged in the nozzle base 9 and by means of an ash or cellular wheel sluice 10. For reasons of redundancy, several such discharge devices 9a, 10 can also be present.
- the withdrawal is preferably carried out continuously.
- the stripped bed material a essentially ash, is then cooled, for example by natural cooling when left lying or - as in the present case - by forced cooling in an ash cooler 11.
- the extracted and then cooled bed material a which comprises all possible particle or grain sizes, is then fed to a device 12, 13 for processing to a predetermined maximum fluid bed-specific grain size.
- This pre- The maximum grain size that may be further processed can be, for example, 4 mm.
- a different grain size can also be specified; this depends on the operating parameters that are available or should be set.
- the processing device comprises a
- Screening device 12 a shredding device 13, for example an ash breaker, and a transport device 14
- Screening device 12 separates a fine grain fraction a ', namely in the example with a grain size below 4 mm, and a coarse grain fraction A', in the example with a grain size above 4 mm.
- the coarse grain fraction A ' is fed to the comminution device 13. Its output is connected via line 14 to the input of the screening device 12.
- the coarse grain fraction A 'not passing through the screening device 12 is drawn off, crushed in the ash crusher 13 and then fed to the screening device 12 again via the line 14.
- the amount of bed material a 'drawn off and processed per unit of time is greater than the ash content contained in the coal k per unit of time and contained therein.
- the bed material a 'prepared in accordance with the required grain size is transported into the fluidized bed 20 by suitable conveying means. In the present case, this is done by means of a conveyor 15 on a conveyor path 18, for example a conveyor belt. Pneumatic conveying is also possible.
- the bed material a ' is preferably mixed with fresh coal k in a mixing space 19 in the conveyor section 8.
- the processed material a ' is guided together with this coal k into the fluidized bed 20 via the free space 6.
- the material a 'can also be thrown onto the fluidized bed 20 separately from the coal k, as shown.
- Excess material a ′′ is drawn off the system via an ash extraction or an ash lock 16 behind the screening device 12.
- This ash lock 16 is preferably designed to be adjustable; for example, it can be adjusted by means of a motor. The deduction takes place - taking into account ash content and promotion of the coal k and the discharge speed at the lock 10 - so that the level 2 of the fluidized bed 20 is kept at a constant level.
- the extracted material a '' is stored in a sand or ash bunker. It can possibly be reused, that is to say the coal k in the mixing space 19 can be supplied later.
- the ash lock 16 can also be arranged at a different location, for example for the removal of non-prepared bed material a upstream of the screening device 12. However, at this point it has the advantage that material a ′′ of the correct maximum grain size for the later reuse is provided.
- the preparation described ensures that within the fluidized bed 20 the required grain size range 0 to, for example, 4 mm for the bed material can be approximately maintained at all times. There are no major requirements for the processing and grinding of the fresh coal k itself. A relatively coarse-grained coal k can be used, which saves preparation and grinding costs.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
- Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
- Greenhouses (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3910271 | 1989-03-30 | ||
| DE3910271A DE3910271A1 (de) | 1989-03-30 | 1989-03-30 | Verfahren zum betreiben einer wirbelbettfeuerung auf kohlenbasis |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0417233A1 true EP0417233A1 (de) | 1991-03-20 |
| EP0417233B1 EP0417233B1 (de) | 1993-06-09 |
Family
ID=6377455
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP90904768A Expired - Lifetime EP0417233B1 (de) | 1989-03-30 | 1990-03-30 | Verfahren zum betreiben einer anlage zur wirbelbettfeuerung auf kohlebasis sowie anlage zur wirbelbettfeuerung |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5099801A (de) |
| EP (1) | EP0417233B1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JPH03505779A (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE90436T1 (de) |
| DE (3) | DE8916174U1 (de) |
| DK (1) | DK0417233T3 (de) |
| ES (1) | ES2042288T3 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO1990012246A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH03213903A (ja) * | 1990-01-19 | 1991-09-19 | Nkk Corp | 粒子粉砕機を備えた循環流動層燃焼装置 |
| SE469043B (sv) * | 1991-09-05 | 1993-05-03 | Abb Carbon Ab | Foerfarande och anordning foer varmhaallning av baeddmassa i pfbc-anlaeggningar |
| JP2997109B2 (ja) | 1991-09-25 | 2000-01-11 | 株式会社荏原製作所 | 不燃物選別装置 |
| SE9501886L (sv) * | 1995-05-19 | 1996-11-20 | Nykomb Synergetics Technology | System och anordningar för kraftgenerering på basis av char |
| KR20010021279A (ko) * | 1999-08-13 | 2001-03-15 | 마에다 시게루 | 가스화 용융로내에 생성되는 노바닥 잔사의 처리방법 |
| US6554061B2 (en) * | 2000-12-18 | 2003-04-29 | Alstom (Switzerland) Ltd | Recuperative and conductive heat transfer system |
| JP4570591B2 (ja) * | 2006-07-03 | 2010-10-27 | 中国電力株式会社 | 流動床ボイラ燃料製造供給設備から回収した粗粒の再利用方法および再利用システム |
| DE102009013713A1 (de) * | 2009-03-20 | 2010-09-23 | Mvv Biopower Gmbh | Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Biomasse-Heizkraftwerks mit einer Wirbelschichtfeuerung |
| PL4206527T3 (pl) * | 2021-12-30 | 2026-01-26 | Fescon Oy | Sposób eksploatacji kotła ze złożem fluidyzacyjnym i instalacja kotłowa |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE7413296L (sv) * | 1975-07-25 | 1975-10-30 | Sprocket Properties Ltd | Forbrenningsugn med tryckgasbedd |
| DE2624302C2 (de) * | 1976-05-31 | 1987-04-23 | Metallgesellschaft Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Verfahren zur Durchführung exothermer Prozesse |
| GB2007811B (en) * | 1977-11-15 | 1982-03-03 | Coal Industry Patents Ltd | Fluised beds |
| US4227488A (en) * | 1978-10-03 | 1980-10-14 | Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation | Fluidized bed unit including a cooling device for bed material |
| DE2929264A1 (de) * | 1979-07-17 | 1981-01-29 | Foster Wheeler Power Prod | Fliessbettverbrennungs- oder -reaktionsanlage und verfahren zu ihrem betrieb |
| EP0028458B1 (de) * | 1979-10-03 | 1985-04-03 | Sandfire (Proprietary) Limited | Dampferzeuger mit Wirbelschicht-Brennkammer |
| SE434087B (sv) * | 1981-02-19 | 1984-07-02 | Stal Laval Turbin Ab | Anleggning for forbrenning av orent fast brensle i en brennkammare med en fluidiserad bedd |
| GB2124101A (en) * | 1982-07-23 | 1984-02-15 | Environment And Mechanical Ser | Classification and recycling of fluidised bed material |
| US4505209A (en) * | 1982-12-08 | 1985-03-19 | Electrodyne Research Corporation | Unfired drying and sorting apparatus for preparation of solid fuel |
| US4815418A (en) * | 1987-03-23 | 1989-03-28 | Ube Industries, Inc. | Two fluidized bed type boiler |
| US4776288A (en) * | 1987-07-31 | 1988-10-11 | Metallgesellschaft Aktiengesellschaft | Method for improving solids distribution in a circulating fluidized bed system |
-
1989
- 1989-03-30 DE DE8916174U patent/DE8916174U1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-03-30 DE DE3910271A patent/DE3910271A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1990
- 1990-03-30 DK DK90904768.0T patent/DK0417233T3/da active
- 1990-03-30 WO PCT/DE1990/000254 patent/WO1990012246A1/de not_active Ceased
- 1990-03-30 US US07/602,306 patent/US5099801A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-03-30 EP EP90904768A patent/EP0417233B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-03-30 DE DE9090904768T patent/DE59001691D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-03-30 AT AT90904768T patent/ATE90436T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-03-30 JP JP2504895A patent/JPH03505779A/ja active Pending
- 1990-03-30 ES ES199090904768T patent/ES2042288T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO9012246A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO1990012246A1 (de) | 1990-10-18 |
| DE59001691D1 (de) | 1993-07-15 |
| JPH03505779A (ja) | 1991-12-12 |
| EP0417233B1 (de) | 1993-06-09 |
| US5099801A (en) | 1992-03-31 |
| DE8916174U1 (de) | 1994-10-20 |
| ES2042288T3 (es) | 1993-12-01 |
| DE3910271A1 (de) | 1990-11-22 |
| ATE90436T1 (de) | 1993-06-15 |
| DK0417233T3 (da) | 1993-11-01 |
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