EP0410258B1 - Interrupteur électromécanique à action rapide - Google Patents

Interrupteur électromécanique à action rapide Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0410258B1
EP0410258B1 EP90113583A EP90113583A EP0410258B1 EP 0410258 B1 EP0410258 B1 EP 0410258B1 EP 90113583 A EP90113583 A EP 90113583A EP 90113583 A EP90113583 A EP 90113583A EP 0410258 B1 EP0410258 B1 EP 0410258B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact
current
breaker
contact system
magnetic coil
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP90113583A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0410258A3 (en
EP0410258A2 (fr
Inventor
Fritz Dipl.-Phys. Pohl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP0410258A2 publication Critical patent/EP0410258A2/fr
Publication of EP0410258A3 publication Critical patent/EP0410258A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0410258B1 publication Critical patent/EP0410258B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H77/00—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches operated by excess current and requiring separate action for resetting
    • H01H77/02—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches operated by excess current and requiring separate action for resetting in which the excess current itself provides the energy for opening the contacts, and having a separate reset mechanism
    • H01H77/06—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches operated by excess current and requiring separate action for resetting in which the excess current itself provides the energy for opening the contacts, and having a separate reset mechanism with electromagnetic opening
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H77/00—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches operated by excess current and requiring separate action for resetting
    • H01H77/02—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches operated by excess current and requiring separate action for resetting in which the excess current itself provides the energy for opening the contacts, and having a separate reset mechanism
    • H01H77/10—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches operated by excess current and requiring separate action for resetting in which the excess current itself provides the energy for opening the contacts, and having a separate reset mechanism with electrodynamic opening
    • H01H77/107—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches operated by excess current and requiring separate action for resetting in which the excess current itself provides the energy for opening the contacts, and having a separate reset mechanism with electrodynamic opening characterised by the blow-off force generating means, e.g. current loops
    • H01H77/108—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches operated by excess current and requiring separate action for resetting in which the excess current itself provides the energy for opening the contacts, and having a separate reset mechanism with electrodynamic opening characterised by the blow-off force generating means, e.g. current loops comprising magnetisable elements, e.g. flux concentrator, linear slot motor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electromechanical quick switch according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a quick switch has a preferably self-closing contact system of fixed contacts and moving contacts, which are referred to as moving contacts or moving contact pieces, and is used as a current-limiting switching element together with a circuit breaker used.
  • electromechanical quick switches with a self-closing contact system can be used as "back-up" protection in electrical distributions in order to increase the availability of electrical networks.
  • conventional fuses for example house connection fuses
  • the electrical network fails for some time, possibly a few hours, in the event of a fault.
  • Another application example is the combination, generally the series connection, of this limiter with a circuit breaker.
  • the short-circuit switching capacity of this switch combination is significantly greater than the switching capacity of the circuit breaker, for example a circuit breaker or contactor.
  • the contact opening force can be generated by the short-circuit current and the jxB forces of the magnetic field.
  • DE-A-23 60 436 describes an embodiment of such an electromechanical quick switch with a self-closing contact system which has a magnetic drive for the movable switch contact with a magnetic yoke, the legs of which form a slot in which the movable switch contact is arranged.
  • the middle leg is provided with a magnetic coil.
  • the magnetic drive is arranged in a switching chamber that contains quenching plates.
  • the switching path is arranged outside the magnetic yoke for the magnetic drive. This magnetic drive thus has practically no influence on the movement of the arc.
  • the solenoid is arranged in series with the switching path and carries the main current. Given the correspondingly large cross section of the turns, this coil therefore requires a relatively large amount of space and has a high power loss.
  • blowing system in the case of an electromechanical fast switch with a self-closing contact system which is arranged in series with a circuit breaker , A blowing system can be provided, the coil of which is connected in parallel with the contact system.
  • This known embodiment contains two blow magnets which are connected in series and one of which is provided for the contact system of the limiter and the other for the contact system of the circuit breaker. This series connection of the blow magnets is connected in parallel to the limiter.
  • the blow magnets contain a large number of turns of at least 500 turns and their inductance is correspondingly large.
  • the time constant for field construction is therefore also relatively large and is between 5 and 25 ms. A short switch-off time is therefore not possible with this embodiment.
  • an electromechanical switch is known from EP-A-0 021 882, in which the contact system is designed as a double-interrupting contact bridge as a movable contact piece, the sound paths of which are each arranged in a switching chamber with arcing rails and quenching plates.
  • the fixed contacts are designed as U-contact pieces, which are arranged such that the current in the contact bridge and parts of the fixed contacts adjacent to the sound path each form a current loop, the Lorentz force of which is directed toward the quenching plates.
  • the object of the invention is, based on the above prior art, to further develop the known switch so that it has a shorter switch-off time at a higher current.
  • the existing magnetic drive should also be used to accelerate the arc movement.
  • the magnetic drive effects both a rapid movement of the movable contact and an additional acceleration of the arc in the direction of generally provided arc tracks and quenching plates.
  • the current leads to the fixed contacts can preferably be designed in a manner known per se as U-contact pieces, which are arranged such that the current in that adjacent to the contact Conductor part has the opposite direction to the current in the contact bridge. This current loop supports the arc movement accordingly after the contacts have opened.
  • the number of turns of the magnet coil is dimensioned so that the current generates a sufficient magnetic field for the movement of the arc. Therefore, at least five turns are preferably selected.
  • the number of turns is not chosen too high, so that the time constant for the build-up of the magnetic field is as small as possible and accordingly the switching time of the switch is short. The number of turns will therefore not exceed 20 significantly.
  • the resistance of the solenoid coil is dimensioned so that the current in the coil in the event of a short circuit after the arc has been extinguished between the switch contacts is only a small fraction of the switch current. This reduced current is extinguished by the circuit breaker arranged in series.
  • the quick switch contains a self-closing double-interrupting contact system 2 with two fixed contacts 3 and 4 and a contact bridge 5, which are designed in such a way that the current 1 in each case in the conductor parts which adjoin the contact pads, which are not shown in the figure , has opposite direction. Due to the Lorentz force of these conductor loops, an arc that arises after the contacts have opened is correspondingly accelerated and driven via guide rails 6 and 7 or 8 and 9 into extinguishing plates 10 and 11, which can preferably also be provided with blow-out openings 12 and 13 .
  • the connecting conductors 14 and 15 of the contact system 2 are passed through a housing 16 in an electrically insulated manner.
  • the contact bridge 5 is provided with contact springs 16 and 17, which keep the contact bridge 5 closed. Their spring force is measured according to the rated current of the quick switch. This spring force can be, for example, 8 N for a high-speed switch with a nominal current of 100 A.
  • a magnetic drive 20 is assigned to the contact system 2, which contains a U-shaped magnetic yoke, of which the middle leg 21 is visible in section in the figure, which is provided with a magnetic coil 25 with at least one, preferably several turns.
  • the number of turns is dimensioned so that a sufficient magnetic field for the arc movement and the acceleration of the contact bridge 5 is generated. In particular, it will therefore contain at least five turns.
  • the maximum number of turns is given by the fact that the time of the current rise must be limited. The number of turns will therefore not significantly exceed 20 and in particular will not exceed 10.
  • the magnetic drive 20 also includes an additional drive 30 with a blocking pin 32, the upper end of which is pressed against the contact bridge 5 by means of a positioning spring 34.
  • An armature 36 made of ferromagnetic material is arranged at the lower end of the blocking pin 32 in such a way that a working air gap 38 is formed between the armature 36 and the fixed contacts 3 and 4 in the closed state of the contact bridge 5.
  • the armature 36 is located below the ends of the lateral legs 22 and 23 of the magnetic yoke, which are arranged parallel to the plane of movement of the contact bridge 5.
  • the inner surface of the magnetic yoke facing the contact bridge 5 and the end faces of the lateral legs 22 and 23 are provided with a coating 39 which consists of a refractory material, preferably a temperature-resistant plastic.
  • the surface of the armature 36 facing the fixed contacts 3 and 4 is also provided with electrical insulation 37.
  • a resistor 28 can preferably also be provided, the resistance value of which can be, for a mains switch of 380 V and a nominal current of 100 A, for example 200 m, in the case of a quick switch.
  • the contact system 2 When the contact system 2 is closed, the voltage drop is too small, it is not significantly more than 0 V, so that the magnet coil 25 is practically currentless. In this case, the magnetic yoke is practically excited only by the current path with the nominal current I and generates only a small magnetic field. Sufficient current carrying capacity is guaranteed when the contacts are closed.
  • the magnet drive 20 forms with the armature 36 of the additional drive 30 an additional opening aid for the contact bridge 5.
  • the armature 36 is located below the lateral legs 22 and 23 in the stray field of the magnet yoke and is attracted by the magnetized magnet yoke in the event of a short circuit. Due to the width of the working air gap 38, the additional drive 30 can be set to a predetermined opening current. It also prevents this armature 36, that after opening the contact system 2 and the arc migration into the quenching plates 10 and 11, the opened contact bridge 5 can close again as long as a sufficiently high current flows through the magnet coil 25. So that the contact springs 16 and 17 on the one hand do not hinder the opening movement of the contact bridge 5, but on the other hand closes the contact system 2 again after the current has been extinguished, a contact force of about 3.5 N is set, for example.
  • a forward current of 14 kA is obtained at a voltage of 240 V single-phase and a prospective short-circuit current of, for example, 40 kA with a current amplitude of 57 kA.
  • the arc voltage between the open contacts of the contact system 2 rises to about 800 V within one ms and the current commutation to the solenoid takes place in about 1.5 ms.
  • the current I 1 is limited to approximately 2 kA. This coil current, which is generally only at most 1/5, in particular at most 1/10 of the forward current, is deleted by the circuit breaker.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)

Claims (6)

  1. Interrupteur électromécanique à action rapide comportant un système de contacts (2) se fermant de préférence automatiquement et constitué par des contacts fixes (3,4) et des contacts mobiles (5), l'interrupteur pouvant être monté, en tant qu'élément de commutation limitant le courant, en série avec un disjoncteur, et comportant un système d'entraînement magnétique (20) formé par une culasse magnétique en forme de U (21,22,23), dont les branches latérales (22,23) délimitent une fente, dans laquelle est situé le contact mobile (5) du système de contacts (2) et dont la base médiane est équipée d'une bobine magnétique (25), caractérisé par le fait
    - que l'ensemble du système de contacts (2) constitué par des contacts fixes (3,4) et des contacts mobiles (5) est disposé entre les branches latérales (22,23) de la culasse magnétique (20), et la bobine magnétique (25) est branchée en parallèle avec le système de contacts (2), et
    - que pour le contact mobile (5) du système de contacts (2) il est prévu un dispositif d'entraînement supplémentaire (30) qui comporte une armature magnétique (36), qui est disposée au-dessous des branches latérales (22,23) de la culasse magnétique (20), dans le champ de fuite de cette culasse, et est accouplée mécaniquement aux contacts mobiles (5).
  2. Interrupteur à action rapide suivant la revendication 1, dans lequel il est prévu, comme système de contacts (2), en plus des contacts fixes (3,4), un pont de contacts (5) réalisant une interruption double et dont les sections de coupure sont disposées respectivement dans une chambre de coupure avec des rails de passage d'arc électrique et des tôles d'extinction d'arc, en tant que contacts mobiles, caractérisé par le fait que les contacts fixes (3,4) sont agencés respectivement sous la forme de pièces de contact en U, qui sont disposées de telle sorte que le courant (I) dans le pont de contacts (5) et dans les parties, qui jouxtent la section de coupure, des contacts fixes (3,4) forme respectivement une boucle de courant, dont la force de Lorentz est dirigée vers les tôles d'extinction (10 ou 13).
  3. Interrupteur à action rapide suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que le nombre des spires de la bobine magnétique (25) est égal au maximum à 20.
  4. Interrupteur à action rapide suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que le nombre des spires de la bobine magnétique (25) est compris entre 5 et 10.
  5. Interrupteur à action rapide suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que la résistance de la bobine magnétique (25) est dimensionnée de telle sorte que dans le cas d'un court-circuit, après l'extinction d'un arc électrique, dans le système de contacts (2), le courant (11) circulant dans la bobine magnétique (25) est égal au maximum à 1/5 du courant (I) de l'interrupteur.
  6. Interrupteur à action rapide suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que la résistance de la bobine magnétique (25) est dimensionnée de telle sorte que lors d'un court-circuit, après l'extinction de l'arc électrique, dans le système de contacts (2), le courant (I₁) est égal au maximum à 1/10 du courant (I) de l'interrupteur.
EP90113583A 1989-07-26 1990-07-16 Interrupteur électromécanique à action rapide Expired - Lifetime EP0410258B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3924780 1989-07-26
DE3924780 1989-07-26

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0410258A2 EP0410258A2 (fr) 1991-01-30
EP0410258A3 EP0410258A3 (en) 1992-01-02
EP0410258B1 true EP0410258B1 (fr) 1995-01-25

Family

ID=6385909

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90113583A Expired - Lifetime EP0410258B1 (fr) 1989-07-26 1990-07-16 Interrupteur électromécanique à action rapide

Country Status (2)

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EP (1) EP0410258B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE59008339D1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2020146996A1 (fr) * 2019-01-15 2020-07-23 赵建平 Mécanisme de contact mobile pour disjoncteur à double point d'arrêt

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2756414B1 (fr) * 1996-11-25 1998-12-24 Schneider Electric Sa Appareil interrupteur electromagnetique
WO2024188267A1 (fr) * 2023-03-14 2024-09-19 上海诺雅克电气有限公司 Dispositif de commutation

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR636688A (fr) * 1926-10-23 1928-04-14
US3815059A (en) * 1972-12-01 1974-06-04 Westinghouse Electric Corp Circuit interrupter comprising electromagnetic opening means
FR2458887A1 (fr) * 1979-06-07 1981-01-02 Hazemeyer Sa Appareil de coupure de courant electrique du type limiteur d'intensite

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2020146996A1 (fr) * 2019-01-15 2020-07-23 赵建平 Mécanisme de contact mobile pour disjoncteur à double point d'arrêt
CN113056805A (zh) * 2019-01-15 2021-06-29 赵建平 一种双断点断路器的动触头机构
GB2593085A (en) * 2019-01-15 2021-09-15 Zhao Jianping Moving contact mechanism of double-breakpoint circuit breaker
CN113056805B (zh) * 2019-01-15 2022-06-21 赵建平 一种双断点断路器的动触头机构
GB2593085B (en) * 2019-01-15 2023-01-04 Zhao Jianping Movable contact mechanism of double-breakpoint circuit breaker

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0410258A3 (en) 1992-01-02
EP0410258A2 (fr) 1991-01-30
DE59008339D1 (de) 1995-03-09

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