EP0408430B1 - Antenne mit halbkugelförmigem Strahlungsdiagramm und gegen grosse Hitze widerstandsfähigen Strahlerelementen - Google Patents

Antenne mit halbkugelförmigem Strahlungsdiagramm und gegen grosse Hitze widerstandsfähigen Strahlerelementen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0408430B1
EP0408430B1 EP90401958A EP90401958A EP0408430B1 EP 0408430 B1 EP0408430 B1 EP 0408430B1 EP 90401958 A EP90401958 A EP 90401958A EP 90401958 A EP90401958 A EP 90401958A EP 0408430 B1 EP0408430 B1 EP 0408430B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
radiating
elements
aerial according
radiating part
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP90401958A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0408430A1 (de
Inventor
Bernard Debever
Albert Chillet
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Societe Anonyme de Telecommunications SAT
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Societe Anonyme de Telecommunications SAT
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Publication of EP0408430A1 publication Critical patent/EP0408430A1/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/42—Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/28—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
    • H01Q1/286—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons substantially flush mounted with the skin of the craft

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an antenna with a quasi-hemispherical diagram and with a radiating part which supports heat.
  • Such an antenna is used on board high speed aircraft and animated vehicles, subjected to significant temperature increases, for communications of all kinds between these aircraft and in particular the ground or satellites as well as for their navigation. , their piloting, their pursuit, for example.
  • the antenna of the invention can transmit and receive on a central frequency located in a wide range from a few hundred MHz to a few GHz, but with a relatively wide bandwidth, of the order of 10 to 15% of this frequency central.
  • the antenna of the invention must above all be able to withstand temperatures exceeding 1000 ° C.
  • the excitation part of the antenna being connected to the other end of the guide.
  • the waveguide structure remains.
  • the wave guide is filled with a refractory dielectric material. This refractory material however increases the weight of the antenna.
  • the radiation pattern of such an antenna is not hemispherical.
  • a shunt power supply - which derives from the folded whip antenna, with one end fixed to a ground plane, to which the plane of the antenna is orthogonal, and an excitation point offset beyond the end to ground - this is called a shunt power supply -.
  • the saber antenna is not perfectly suitable.
  • the edge of the antenna parallel to the ground plane is too far from the latter and would therefore be too exposed to overheating and, if the antenna were crushed on the ground plane, to bring the edge of the ground plane closer , the bandwidth, which is normally satisfactory, would deteriorate.
  • the present invention relates to an antenna with a quasi-hemispherical diagram, with radiating part which can be subjected to severe temperature conditions and with excitation part, electrically connected to the radiating part, remote from the latter, the radiating part comprising at least a monopolar element comprising a foot of large width and of low height fixed to the ground plane and extended by a wide radiating wing extending parallel to the ground plane close to the latter, characterized in that the foot and the radiating wing of the radiating part form a monopolar element which is massive.
  • the monopolar antenna of the invention can easily be embedded in the fuselage or a protective coating thereof, so that its radiating wing is set back from its external surface or is flush with it and thus not be too subject to temperature rises. Thanks to the extent of the radiating wing and its massive character, the antenna of the invention has a good bandwidth, in any case much better than that of a too narrow saber antenna.
  • US-A-4,162,499 also taught a microstrip antenna as well as an antenna with parallel plates, with a radiating element formed on a dielectric substrate.
  • US-A-3,384,895. It taught a radiating part which is not a massive monopolar element, with a foot which is not extended by the radiating element.
  • the antenna of the invention comprises a grouping of four identical massive monopolar elements arranged in a square and associated in two orthogonal pairs along the diagonals of the square, each of two opposite elements which can be placed symmetrically with respect to the center of the square and in phase opposition between them and phase-shifted by 90 ° with respect to the other two elements.
  • the field radiated by the antenna of the invention has a circular polarization.
  • the antenna elements are arranged inside a housing closed by a radome flush with the external surface of thermal protection plates of an aircraft fuselage.
  • the bottom of the housing can constitute the ground plane of the antenna
  • the monopolar elements and the housing can be made in one piece and, even, the housing, the monopolar elements and a thermal protection plate can be made in one piece.
  • the antenna of the invention is mounted on the fuselage 1 of an aircraft, covered with thermal protection plates 2 fixed to the fuselage 1 by spacers 3.
  • the antenna comprises a radiating part 4, an excitation part 5 and a set of coaxial supply cables 6.
  • the radiating part 4 is housed in a conductive box 1, fixed to the fuselage by spacers 8 and slid between protective plates 2 with, here, interposition of an annular seal 11.
  • the antenna receiver housing has a flat bottom 9 and a cylindrical wall 10. Near the free edge of the wall 10, extends, internally to it, an annular shoulder 12 for receiving a first fine radome 13 of protection of the radiating part 4 of the antenna and closing the housing 7.
  • the wall of the thermal protection plates 2, adjacent to the housing 7, is shaped, near the housing 7, to present an annular recess portion 14 for receiving a second protective radome 15, flush with the external surface of the plates 2.
  • the radiating part 4 of the antenna comprises, in this case, four identical massive monopolar elements - we see in FIG. 1 only the elements 16 ′, 16 ′′′ - each consisting of a foot 17 ′, 17 ⁇ , of large width and low height, here perpendicular to the bottom 9 of the housing, and extended by a flat radiating wing 18 extending parallel to the bottom 9 of the housing, set back from the external protective radome 15.
  • the radiating wings 18 ⁇ , 18 ⁇ have a rectangular (square) surface and the elements 16 are arranged in a square, with the feet 17 ′, 17 ⁇ of the four elements extending respectively along the four sides of the square.
  • the elements 16 are associated in pairs - 16 ′ and 16 ⁇ , on the one hand, and 16 ′′′ and 16 ′ v , on the other hand, the elements 16 ⁇ and 16 ′ v are not visible in Figure 1 - to form two orthogonal pairs along the diagonals of the square, the two elements of each pair being opposite and placed symmetrically with respect to the center of the square.
  • the section plane of Figure 1 cuts the radiating wings of the two adjacent elements 16 ′, 16 ′′′ of the two respective pairs.
  • Each monopolar element 16 ′, 16 ⁇ is therefore massive and is formed in one piece with the bottom 9 of the housing 7.
  • the excitation part 5 of the monopolar elements 16 ′, 16 ⁇ is distant from the radiating part 4 of the antenna. In the example considered, it is fixed under the fuselage 1 by fasteners 19.
  • This excitation part 5 is in fact made up of a distribution member, on the four radiating elements, of the power arriving by a connector 20 - this could also extend in the extension of this distribution member as indicated in 21 in dashed lines -, and phase distribution on these four elements.
  • the phases are supplied between the distributor and the radiating wings 18 ′, 18 ⁇ , on which the excitation points 24 of the monopolar elements are located, is carried out by the conductive cores 25 of the four cables coaxial 6, including the outer conductive sheaths 26, which are flush with the bottom of the housing to which, on one side, they are fixed, are grounded.
  • the bottom 9 of the housing 7 therefore forms the ground plane of the monopolar elements 16.
  • the sheaths 26 of the cables 6 pass through the fuselage 1 by means of an insulating joint 27 and are connected to the distributor 5 by the intermediary here of a sliding contact 28.
  • the supply of the four monopolar elements 16, by the distributor 5, is here such that the two elements of each pair (16 ′, 16 ⁇ ; 16 ′′′, 16 ′ v ) are in phase opposition (phase shift of 180 °) and that each element is in phase quadrature (90 ° phase shift) with one and the other of the two elements of the other pair.
  • the field radiated by the antenna which has just been described, with four elements respectively in spatial and temporal quadratures, has a circular polarization.
  • the coaxial cables 6 are filled with an insulating material, of the ceramic type resistant to high temperatures.
  • the thermal protection plates are made of refractory material, for example composite, based on carbon protected against oxidation.
  • the radiating monopolar elements are, for example, of metallic or composite material, conductive and protected against oxidation.
  • the antenna which has just been described has a quasi-hemispherical radiation diagram; its radiating part 4 may be subjected to severe temperature conditions, for example caused by high speeds or re-entry into the layers of the atmosphere; its bandwidth is satisfactory.
  • the housing 37 does not have a radome receiving shoulder.
  • the protective plates 32 also have no radome reception recess.
  • the single radome 35 liver cover for the housing 31, with an upper part 31, which rests on the cylindrical wall 30 of the housing and extends the walls of the adjacent plates 32, and a cylindrical skirt 34 which fits inside of the housing and is extended by an annular ring 33 which rests on the bottom 39 of the housing.
  • the radiating elements 36 are no longer formed in one piece with the housing but attached and fixed by welding to the bottom 39 thereof.
  • the protective plates 42 adjacent to the housing 47 are again provided with an annular recess portion 44 to receive an annular outer flange 41 extending the cylindrical wall 40 of the housing 47 and a radome single 45, formed of a plate superimposed on the rim 41 and extending the walls of the plates 42.
  • the housing 47 does not have sharp edges.
  • the radiating elements 56, the housing 57 and the adjacent protective plates 52 are formed in one piece from composite material.
  • An annular recess 54 is formed in the plates 52, around the cylindrical wall 50 of the housing, to receive a radome plate 55 extending the walls of the protection plates.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Antenne mit einem quasi-halbkugelförmigen Strahlungsdiagramm, mit einem Strahlerteil (4), der harten Temperaturbedingungen ausgesetzt werden kann, und mit einem Erregerteil (5), der elektrisch mit dem Strahlerteil (4) verbunden ist, welcher sich in einem Abstand von diesem befindet, wobei der Strahlerteil (4) mindestens ein einpoliges Element (16′, 16˝) umfaßt, das einen Fuß (17′, 17˝) von großer Breite und geringer Höhe aufweist, der an der Massenebene (9) befestigt ist und von einem breiten strahlenden Flügel (18′, 18˝) fortgesetzt wird, der sich parallel zur Massenebene (9) und nahe derselben erstreckt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Fuß (17′, 17˝) und der strahlende Flügel (18′, 18˝) des Strahlerteils (4) ein einpoliges Element (16′, 16˝) bilden, das massiv ist.
  2. Antenne nach Anspruch 1, bei welcher sich der Punkt der Erregung (24) auf dem strahlenden Flügel (18′, 18˝) befindet.
  3. Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 und 2, bei welcher der Strahlerteil (4) im Inneren eines Gehäuses (7) angeordnet ist, das durch mindestens ein Radom (15) geschlossen wird.
  4. Antenne nach Anspruch 3, bei welcher das Gehäuse (7) einen Boden (9) aufweist, der die Massenebene des einpoligen Elementes (16′, 16˝) bildet.
  5. Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 3 und 4, bei welcher das Radom (15) an die Wand benachbarter Wärmeschutzplatten (2) anschließt.
  6. Antenne nach Anspruch 5, bei welcher das Gehäuse (57) und die Wärmeschutzplatten (52) aus einem Stück gefertigt sind.
  7. Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 6, bei welcher das einpolige Element (16′, 16˝) und das Gehäuse (7) aus einem Stück gebildet sind.
  8. Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, bei welcher eine Gruppe von vier identischen massiven einpoligen Elementen vorgesehen ist.
  9. Antenne nach Anspruch 8, bei welcher die einpoligen Elemente im Quadrat angeordnet sind und jeweils zwei von diesen zusammengehören, um zwei orthogonale Paare entlang der Diagonalen des Quadrats zu bilden, wobei die beiden Elemente eines jeden Paares sich gegenüberliegen und in bezug auf den Mittelpunkt des Quadrats symmetrisch angeordnet sind.
EP90401958A 1989-07-11 1990-07-06 Antenne mit halbkugelförmigem Strahlungsdiagramm und gegen grosse Hitze widerstandsfähigen Strahlerelementen Expired - Lifetime EP0408430B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8909298A FR2649832B1 (fr) 1989-07-11 1989-07-11 Antenne a diagramme de rayonnement quasi hemispherique et a partie rayonnante supportant la chaleur
FR8909298 1989-07-11

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0408430A1 EP0408430A1 (de) 1991-01-16
EP0408430B1 true EP0408430B1 (de) 1995-01-04

Family

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90401958A Expired - Lifetime EP0408430B1 (de) 1989-07-11 1990-07-06 Antenne mit halbkugelförmigem Strahlungsdiagramm und gegen grosse Hitze widerstandsfähigen Strahlerelementen

Country Status (3)

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EP (1) EP0408430B1 (de)
DE (1) DE69015718T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2649832B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2686193B1 (fr) * 1992-01-14 1994-04-29 Telecommunications Sa Antenne directive a gain eleve et a partie rayonnante supportant la chaleur.
GB2375235B (en) * 2000-12-07 2004-04-28 Duncan John Telfer Multiple monopole aerial

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3384895A (en) * 1966-01-19 1968-05-21 James E. Webb Nose cone mounted heat-resistant antenna
US4006480A (en) * 1976-02-03 1977-02-01 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Antenna window assembly for ablative heat shields
US4162499A (en) * 1977-10-26 1979-07-24 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Flush-mounted piggyback microstrip antenna
GB2067842B (en) * 1980-01-16 1983-08-24 Secr Defence Microstrip antenna
US4287518A (en) * 1980-04-30 1981-09-01 Nasa Cavity-backed, micro-strip dipole antenna array
US4709240A (en) * 1985-05-06 1987-11-24 Lockheed Missiles & Space Company, Inc. Rugged multimode antenna
GB2198290B (en) * 1986-11-29 1990-05-09 Stc Plc Dual band circularly polarised antenna with hemispherical coverage

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM DIGEST 18-22 juin 1979,pages 126-129,CH1-456-3AB,IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society,Seattle,Washington,US;G.G.SANFORD et al.:"Increasing the Beamwidth of a Microstrip Radiating Element" *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69015718D1 (de) 1995-02-16
DE69015718T2 (de) 1995-08-17
FR2649832A1 (fr) 1991-01-18
EP0408430A1 (de) 1991-01-16
FR2649832B1 (fr) 1992-01-24

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