EP0404881B1 - Générateur de gaz combustible - Google Patents

Générateur de gaz combustible Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0404881B1
EP0404881B1 EP89911757A EP89911757A EP0404881B1 EP 0404881 B1 EP0404881 B1 EP 0404881B1 EP 89911757 A EP89911757 A EP 89911757A EP 89911757 A EP89911757 A EP 89911757A EP 0404881 B1 EP0404881 B1 EP 0404881B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
shaft
ash
zone
charging
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP89911757A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0404881A1 (fr
Inventor
Helmut Juch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
JUCH Helmut
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JUCH Helmut
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by JUCH Helmut filed Critical JUCH Helmut
Publication of EP0404881A1 publication Critical patent/EP0404881A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0404881B1 publication Critical patent/EP0404881B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F27D99/0001—Heating elements or systems
    • F27D99/0005—Injecting liquid fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/30—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F27B9/36—Arrangements of heating devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fuel gas generator according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Fuel gas generators of this type are used together with a kiln and a drying oven for ceramic moldings, in particular brick moldings.
  • the kilns for the moldings which are generally designed as tunnel ovens, are always preceded by drying ovens or dryers in order to remove the water contained in the freshly pressed molded bodies.
  • the design of the tunnel furnaces and the design of the devices are adapted to the type of energy used to generate the process heat.
  • the fire zone of such a tunnel kiln comprises a number of staggered rows of stoves arranged in the stoves' vault, with each row of stoves having a number of staggered holes with burners. Two or more rows of stoves are usually combined into control zones that can be controlled independently of one another.
  • the generator gas obtained according to the principle of countercurrent gasification can only be used for the subsequent direct combustion, since it contains a high content of difficult liquid pyrolysis products such as tar, phenol and the like, which condense at temperatures below 400 ° C.
  • the drying and pyrolysis zones are formed in the upper part of the reactor.
  • the air is fed in from above immediately after the pyrolysis zone.
  • the combustion generates the necessary temperatures to split the descending smoldering products from the pyrolysis zone into easily combustible gases.
  • the remaining volatile substances are also gasified from the charcoal. As a result, no tar products get into the subsequent reduction zone.
  • the fuel gas generator described in this patent has a shaft with essentially cylindrical inner dimensions.
  • the shaft consists of several ring-shaped sheet metal armor with fire-resistant lining, which are separated from one another by disc-like intermediate layers, the lower edge of the shaft being supported on a bracket.
  • the annular bodies formed by the sheet metal armor should be secured against one another by screwing or in some other way.
  • the loading column in the known fuel gas generator rests with its full weight on the wide-area rotating grate, so that it is considerably stressed becomes.
  • the gas is extracted via lateral pipe sockets in the stove ceramic.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a fuel gas generator of the type mentioned, which enables extremely inexpensive gas generation and whose combustion gases do not only meet the highest applicable requirements for exhaust gas purity (TA-Luft), but fall below them.
  • the fill level control of the feed chamber of the lock ends this process after the set fill level has been reached.
  • the upper slide then closes the feed lock. If the fill level in the preheating zone falls below the set level, the next level is initiated by the fill level control.
  • the fire in the constriction of the reactor shaft also known as the firebox, has the task of forming a layer of charcoal. This combustion generates the necessary temperature to split the descending carbonization products from the pyrolysis zone into easily combustible gases.
  • the central supply of the combustion air in the constriction guarantees the temperature necessary for the separation of the gases.
  • the reduction zone is closed at the bottom by a new design of the firebox.
  • An annular grate element is created by means of the counter cone entering the area of the firebox from below.
  • An annular passage for the ashes is formed, the cross section of which is variable.
  • the ash produced in very small quantities is collected in the ash room and transported away. Part of this ash can be mixed into the clay for the brick production as a porizing agent.
  • An important special feature of the fuel gas generator according to the invention is the design of the firebox, which also acts as a rust element. It is formed from a conical constriction which narrows from top to bottom and a conical constriction which adjoins this from the bottom up.
  • a counter cone can be inserted more or less concentrically into the conical constriction of the firebox, which narrows from bottom to top, thereby producing an annular passage of variable cross-section which forms the grate element. It is provided that the counter cone is arranged at the upper end of a lifting rod which is guided centrally in the reactor shaft and is equipped with a lifting drive, and further that the counter cone is rotatable and its lifting rod is additionally equipped with a rotary drive.
  • This configuration makes it possible to adapt the grate element formed by the firebox to the nature and grain size of the feed material and to influence the process control.
  • the annular passage between the cone and the conical surface of the firebox is changed, whereby the throughput speed can also be controlled.
  • gas-tight feed lock which consists of two mutually openable and closable, arranged in the shaft head above and below a loading container, which closes this downwards towards the reactor shaft and upwards to an upstream fuel delivery device , there are sealed flat or rotary valves in their guides.
  • gas-tight ash chamber lock which is constructed in a technical and functional manner like the loading lock, it is ensured that the entire reactor shaft, except for the area where the lean gas is drawn off, is absolutely gas-tight.
  • the gas generator according to the invention is equipped with a number of measuring, display and control devices.
  • At least one fill level measuring and display device is arranged in the feed chamber and in the area of the preheating zone in the reactor shaft according to claim 6, by means of which the feed rate of the feed device can be influenced and the feed lock can be controlled via a control device.
  • two or more level and display devices can be arranged in the reactor shaft to control the fill level in order to detect the upper and lower fill level limit.
  • thermocouples for temperature control in the preheating, the degassing and the oxidation zone are arranged above and in the area of the fire box, the air quantity supply being able to be influenced by changes in cross section of the air openings by means of the measurement results of the thermocouples.
  • the fan suction power in the to the lean gas discharge line can be influenced by means of measurement results of the thermocouples.
  • the control system in such a way that the oxygen content of the reaction air supply can be influenced by means of the measurement results of the thermocouples, depending on the feedstock used and the desired process.
  • the structural features of the fuel gas generator are of great importance, which, according to claim 5, consist in the shaft casing of the generator with the gas-tight generator shaft and the material loading devices being suspended in a frame which consists of frame stands and frame beams connecting them . It is provided that the generator shaft casing are attached to the frame cross members by means of flexible brackets, and further that the frame consisting of the frame stands and the frame cross members is completely surrounded by a frame casing, only the air openings in the area of the Serve foundations for air access.
  • an annular space between the frame casing and the shaft casing serves for the reaction supply air supply and is connected to the riser pipe and the air introduction pipe. This ensures that the sucked-in reaction air sweeps along the hot shaft casing and is thereby heated.
  • a further advantageous thermal effect results from the measure according to claim 4.
  • This arrangement and design ensures that the lean gas emerging downward in the area of the lower edge of the reactor shaft draws upward in this cylindrical cavity and thereby releases part of its heat to the reactor shaft wall in the upper area of the reactor shaft, ie in the area of the preheating zone Preheating is improved and cooled at the same time.
  • the fuel gas generator 41 is designed as a gas generator and is suspended in a frame, which in the exemplary embodiment consists of four frame stands 42 which are connected to one another at their upper end by frame cross members 45.
  • a bracket 46 is attached to the frame cross members 45, in which the cylindrical shaft casing 47 of the gas generator is fastened, the larger part of the shaft casing hanging downward in the frame 42, while a shorter piece of the shaft casing holds the frame cross members 45 towering above. This ensures that the shaft casing can move up and down without constraint.
  • the shaft casing 47 is closed at the bottom by a base plate 48 and at the top by a head plate 49, both of which are annular.
  • the shaft head 50 is placed on the upper head plate 49 and is closed at the top by a gas-tight loading lock; This consists of a flat slide 52, 53 arranged below and above a loading chamber 51, which are sealed in their guides. Above the upper flat slide 53, a feed feeder 54, not shown, is provided above the upper flat slide 53. The material falls into the loading chamber 51 when the upper flat slide 53 is open. This is equipped with a fill level measuring and display device 89. In this way, the feed supply 54 can be influenced and the feed lock controlled via a control device (not shown). After closing the upper flat slide 53, the lower flat slide 52 is opened and the material falls into the generator shaft 55, 57 located underneath.
  • the upper shaft part 55 is connected to the upper top plate 49 in a hanging manner, provided with an inner lining and serves as a preheating and degassing zone 56 for the filled material.
  • a fill level measuring device 88 is arranged, which can also be combined with a temperature sensor.
  • a lower shaft part 57 which is equipped with a highly refractory lining 58 and has a fire box 65. This is formed from a conical constriction 59 which narrows from top to bottom and a conical constriction 60 which adjoins this from bottom to top.
  • the oxidation and reduction zones 70 are formed in this area.
  • a cylindrical cavity 66 extends between the shaft casing 47 and the upper and lower shaft parts 55 and 57 of smaller outside diameter, which extends from the lower edge of the lower shaft part 57 to the head plate 49.
  • the lean gas produced and drawn down at 64 pulls upwards and heats the material present in the preheating zone 56, after which it passes through the lean gas collecting pipes 67 and the ring line 68 into the lean gas discharge line 77.
  • the reaction air or an inert gas is fed into the reactor shaft 55, 57 through an air inlet pipe 63, which runs centrally in the vertical axis A of the reactor 41 and extends down to the starting area of the firebox 65 and is connected to the riser pipe 62.
  • the reaction air is sucked into the area of the openings 44, which are left free in the frame casing 43 surrounding the frame stand 42 in the area of the foundation. Between this casing 43 and the cylindrical manhole casing 47, an annular space 61 is created, through which the sucked-in air rises, heats up and enters the riser 62.
  • the counter-cone 71 which can be inserted into the fire box 65 from below, sits concentrically to the vertical axis at the upper end of a lifting rod 72, which is sealed and can be raised and lowered in a vertical guide 73.
  • the lower part of the vertical guide 73 is designed in a manner not shown as a hydraulic lifting cylinder.
  • the hydraulic drive consists of the motor 84, the hydraulic pump 82 and the expansion tank 83. Furthermore, a rotary drive with a motor 78 is arranged such that it acts directly on the lifting rod 72.
  • the counter cone 71 can be adjusted so that the conical ring-shaped passage 69 is larger or smaller.
  • the combination of firebox 65 with counter cone 71 acts as an adjustable grate element which can be adapted to the nature, in particular the grain size, of the feed material.
  • the ash parts fall through the passage 69 and reach the ash chamber 76 located above the ash chamber lock 91, 92, 93, where it accumulates on the upper flat slide 92.
  • the ash chamber 76 has an inclined surface 74 which is penetrated by the vertical guide 73 of the lifting rod 72 and is sealed off from it by the stuffing box 75. Furthermore, this inclined surface is steep enough and coated in such a way that ash bridges do not occur.
  • the ash chamber lock consists of the upper ash chamber flat slide 92 and the lower ash room flat slide 93, between which the ash chamber 91 can be closed airtight upwards and downwards.
  • the ash is emptied periodically - like the material loading - always one
  • the amount of ash drained from the ash chamber 76 into the ash chamber 91 and from there by opening and closing the lower flat ash slide valve 93 into the collection and transport container 94.
  • a sensor 87 is arranged in the ash chamber, which reports a certain fill level and initiates the sluicing of this amount of ash. After a larger ash element has been passed through and accumulated in the transport container 94, the latter is removed and exchanged for an empty container.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
  • Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
  • Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)

Claims (6)

  1. Générateur de gaz combustible destiné à produire un gaz pauvre par gazéification de matières solides organiques présentées en morceaux, telles que du bois, de la tourbe, des combustibles fossiles ou encore des matières inorganiques, dans une cuve de réacteur équipée d'un revêtement réfractaire, qui se rétrécit dans sa région moyenne, pour donner appui à la colonne de charge qui descend progressivement et à ses produits de réaction formés par le dégazage, par des parois formant des troncs de cône coaxiaux, de façon à réaliser un foyer d'un diamètre d'environ 2/3 à 1/4 du diamètre intérieur de la cuve, et comprenant un organe de chargement du combustible formé d'un sas de chargement étanche aux gaz, et une amenée centrale d'air de réaction située dans l'axe vertical de la cuve du réacteur, dans la tête de la cuve, ainsi qu'une zone de préchauffage, une zone de dégazage, une zone d'oxydation et une zone de réduction disposées en couches successives, et des ouvertures d'extraction du gaz pauvre disposées dans la région de cette dernière zone, équipées d'au moins une conduite d'évacuation du gaz pauvre raccordée à ces ouvertures, et comprenant encore un élément de grille de forme circulaire ou annulaire qui ferme la zone de réduction vers le bas, ainsi qu'une chambre à cendres sous-jacente et un extracteur de cendres formé d'un sas de compartiment à cendres étanche aux gaz, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de grille circulaire ou annulaire, formé d'un contre-cône (71) coaxial mobile en translation axiale pour sa position en hauteur, est engagé dans le tronc de cône (60) qui s'élargit vers le bas, et définit avec ce tronc de cône (60) une fente conique annulaire de section transversale variable constituant un passage (69), ledit contre-cône (71) reposant sur une tige (72) mobile en montée et en descente ainsi qu'en rotation, et équipée d'un moyen d'entraînement en translation (81 ; 82 ; 83 ; 84) et d'un moyen d'entraînement en rotation (78), de telle sorte que l'ensemble remplit la fonction de la grille avec extraction des cendres et évacuation du gaz pauvre, en ce sens que le gaz pauvre ne quitte la cuve (55, 57) du réacteur qu'après avoir traversé l'élément de grille (60, 69, 71).
  2. Générateur de gaz combustible selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le sas de chargement (51, 52, 53) étanche aux gaz est équipé de deux vannes plates (52, 53) agencées dans la tête (50) de la cuve, au-dessus et en-dessous d'un récipient de chargement (51), qui ferment ce récipient vers le bas, en direction de la cuve (55) du réacteur, et vers le haut en direction d'un dispositif (54) de transport du combustible agencé en amont, et le sas de compartiment à cendres (91, 92, 93) commandé dans la chambre à cendres (76) par un appareil de mesure du niveau et d'indication (87) et qui ferme un compartiment à cendres (91) à joint étanche aux gaz est lui aussi composé de deux vannes plates (92, 93), lesdites vannes étant montées à joint étanche dans leurs guides et pouvant s'ouvrir et se fermer alternativement.
  3. Générateur de gaz combustible selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il est prévu, coaxialement à la cuve (55, 57) du réacteur, une chambre annulaire (61) agencée entre une paroi extérieure (43) et une paroi intermédiaire (47), qui sert à l'amenée et au préchauffage de l'air de réaction, et est en communication avec une conduite ascendante (62) et avec un tube central d'introduction d'air (63).
  4. Générateur de gaz combustible selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il est prévu, entre une paroi intermédiaire (47) et la paroi extérieure de la cuve (55, 57) du réacteur, coaxialement à celle-ci, un compartiment annulaire (66) étanche aux gaz, qui sert à conduire et refroidir le gaz pauvre sortant à l'extrémité inférieure de la cuve inférieure (57) du réacteur, et qui sert aussi à transmettre sa chaleur à la charge et à introduire ce gaz dans les tubes collecteurs de gaz pauvre (67) qui y sont raccordés.
  5. Générateur de gaz combustible selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la paroi intermédiaire (47) du générateur (41) ainsi que la cuve, étanche aux gaz, du réacteur (55, 57), et les dispositifs de chargement de matière, est suspendue à des traverses (45) de l'ossature au moyen de montures flexibles (46), ces traverses prenant appui sur des montants verticaux (42) de l'ossature, distribués radialement, et en ce que l'ossature ainsi formée est entièrement entourée d'une paroi extérieure (43), les ouvertures (44) assurant seules l'amenée de l'air et étant à cet effet laissées libres dans la région de la fondation.
  6. Générateur de gaz combustible selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que, dans la chambre de chargement (51), de même que dans la région de la zone de préchauffage (56), est disposé dans la cuve (55) du réacteur au moins un appareil de mesure du niveau et d'indication (89 ; 88) au moyen duquel la capacité de transport du dispositif de chargement (54) est influencée et le sas de chargement (52, 53) est commandé par l'intermédiaire d'un appareil de réglage, et en ce qu'au-dessus du foyer (65) et dans la région de ce foyer, sont disposés des thermo-éléments prévus pour le contrôle de la température dans la zone de préchauffage, la zone de dégazage et la zone d'oxydation, et à l'aide des résultats de mesure desquels sont commandés et réglés l'amenée de l'air de réaction, par une modification de la section transversale des ouvertures (44), et la teneur en oxygène de l'air de réaction amené ou du gaz inerte, ainsi que le débit de passage du ventilateur placé dans la conduite d'aspiration (77) de l'évacuation du gaz pauvre.
EP89911757A 1988-11-02 1989-11-01 Générateur de gaz combustible Expired - Lifetime EP0404881B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH4076/88 1988-11-02
CH4076/88A CH678973A5 (fr) 1988-11-02 1988-11-02
PCT/CH1989/000190 WO1990005273A1 (fr) 1988-11-02 1989-11-01 Four a calciner et a secher pour les produits ceramiques façonnes, en particulier les briques crues

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0404881A1 EP0404881A1 (fr) 1991-01-02
EP0404881B1 true EP0404881B1 (fr) 1996-02-28

Family

ID=4269373

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89911757A Expired - Lifetime EP0404881B1 (fr) 1988-11-02 1989-11-01 Générateur de gaz combustible

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0404881B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE134697T1 (fr)
CH (1) CH678973A5 (fr)
DE (1) DE58909612D1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1990005273A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19916931C2 (de) * 1999-03-31 2001-07-05 Deponie Wirtschaft Umweltschut Luftzuführrohr für einen Vergaser zur Erzeugung von Brenngas

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1248828B1 (fr) * 2000-01-10 2004-06-23 Adrian Fürst Dispositif et procede pour produire des gaz combustibles
FI113781B (fi) * 2002-11-01 2004-06-15 Timo Saares Kaasugeneraattori
DE102007048673A1 (de) * 2007-10-10 2009-04-23 Lurgi Gmbh Gaserzeuger für die Druckvergasung fester körniger Brennstoffe
CN108438561A (zh) * 2018-02-12 2018-08-24 董武斌 一种防止预热器仓室结料的装置

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE384762C (de) * 1923-11-05 Nicola Lengersdorff Brenner
AU412982B2 (en) * 1966-10-26 1971-05-06 Gas burner system especially for use in kilns inthe ceramics industry
US4281984A (en) * 1979-07-18 1981-08-04 Kawasaki Steel Corporation Method of heating a side-burner type heating furnace for slab
GB2189591B (en) * 1986-04-18 1989-11-29 British Gas Plc Heating method and system

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19916931C2 (de) * 1999-03-31 2001-07-05 Deponie Wirtschaft Umweltschut Luftzuführrohr für einen Vergaser zur Erzeugung von Brenngas

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE58909612D1 (de) 1996-04-04
WO1990005273A1 (fr) 1990-05-17
EP0404881A1 (fr) 1991-01-02
ATE134697T1 (de) 1996-03-15
CH678973A5 (fr) 1991-11-29

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