EP0404801B1 - Schalldämpfer für strömende gase - Google Patents

Schalldämpfer für strömende gase Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0404801B1
EP0404801B1 EP89903496A EP89903496A EP0404801B1 EP 0404801 B1 EP0404801 B1 EP 0404801B1 EP 89903496 A EP89903496 A EP 89903496A EP 89903496 A EP89903496 A EP 89903496A EP 0404801 B1 EP0404801 B1 EP 0404801B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
silencer
casing
packing
section
fluid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP89903496A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0404801A1 (de
Inventor
François Noel GRAS
Claude Charles Henri Friou
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bertin Technologies SAS
Original Assignee
Bertin et Cie SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bertin et Cie SA filed Critical Bertin et Cie SA
Priority to AT89903496T priority Critical patent/ATE97463T1/de
Publication of EP0404801A1 publication Critical patent/EP0404801A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0404801B1 publication Critical patent/EP0404801B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/02—De-icing means for engines having icing phenomena
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
    • F01N1/08—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling
    • F01N1/082—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling the gases passing through porous members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2310/00—Selection of sound absorbing or insulating material
    • F01N2310/04—Metallic wool, e.g. steel wool, copper wool or the like
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2310/00—Selection of sound absorbing or insulating material
    • F01N2310/14—Wire mesh fabric, woven glass cloth or the like

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an injector silencer or ejector for the expansion of a gaseous fluid and, more particularly, to a blowing device equipped with a set of such silencers.
  • the expansion of a fluid such as a gas is an operation which generates acoustic emissions which it is important to eliminate or at least reduce to a level considered to be tolerable, so as to mitigate the effects harmful sound and / or mechanical emissions. This is particularly the case when it is desired to relax gases or vapors to the atmosphere, empty pressurized gas tanks, relax hot air to defrost air intake filters for gas turbines or gas compressors, for example.
  • the gas or vapor injectors or ejectors used in such applications include holes or openings through which the gas to be expanded enters an environment at atmospheric pressure.
  • the acoustic emissions are reduced by externally covering the part of the injector or ejector which has these lights with a piece of sintered metal, or of sintered plastic.
  • This arrangement is not without drawbacks. Indeed, in addition to a temperature resistance of the sintered parts which may be insufficient and an increase in the overall size due to the external position of the sintered part, clogging of the sintered part with materials entrained by the gas to be relaxed. is to be feared, due to the low porosity of the sintered part.
  • a silent expansion of the gas is ensured by arranging, externally, on an exhaust pipe, an expansion chamber, a throttling member or other exhaust means, a more or less extensive and thick annular lining, this annular lining being able to be made of various materials such as, for example, a metallic wool or fabric, a glass wool or synthetic fibers, asbestos free, metal shavings or wood, metal fabrics or knits. Examples of such silent expansion devices are described in French patents No. 1,561,483, 2,250,379, 2,372,373 and 2,498,681.
  • the object of the present invention is to produce a injector or ejector muffler for the expansion of a gaseous fluid which does not have the drawback or blockage drawbacks of the prior art mufflers.
  • the present invention also aims to achieve such a silencer composed of standard, simple and interchangeable members, so as to lend itself to an inexpensive embodiment.
  • the present invention also aims to achieve such a silencer which is in the form of a removable cartridge easy to install or replace in a device equipped with such silencers.
  • an injector silencer or ejector for the expansion of a gaseous fluid comprising a member for mounting the silencer on a source of fluid under subsonic flow pressure and a casing having a first end covered by a throttle piece pierced with holes of cumulative surface (S2) reduced compared to the section (S1) of an inlet end piece of the silencer and carried by this member so as to communicate internally with the fluid source, this envelope having a second end distant from the first and breakthrough of lights for the passage into an external medium of the fluid admitted into the envelope, a lining completely filling the interior space of the envelope, from the perforated part to the second end of this envelope, with internal covering openings in this second end of the casing, characterized in that the ratio of the cumulative surface (S2) of the holes in the throttle piece (8) to that of the inlet section (S1) is such that the flow through this part (8) is noted at sonic speed and in that the ratio of the cumulative section
  • the lining is constituted by a knitted wire, formed in a tight roll.
  • this lining takes the form of a metallic fabric in a tight roll or even of a metallic foam with open cells.
  • the present invention also provides a device for blowing a gaseous fluid over an extended surface, equipped with a set of silencers according to the invention, characterized in that it comprises several parallel ramps mounted on a common collector itself connected at a source of a gaseous fluid, each ramp carrying several injector silencers or fluid ejectors regularly distributed and oriented so that the gaseous fluid is uniformly distributed by all of the silencers over the entire surface to be treated by blowing.
  • blowing device shown in Figure 1 is likely to be used in many applications as will be recognized by those skilled in the art, such as defrosting the air inlet of a gas turbine or compressor, purging or expanding tanks of compressed air or vapors under pressure, blowing steam on a surface to be cleaned for example and, more generally, in the silent decompression of all gases or vapors at all temperatures.
  • the blowing device shown in FIG. 1 is installed, by way of nonlimiting example of application of the invention, opposite the inlet section 1 of a gas turbine or compressor (not shown ).
  • This inlet section is usually fitted with one or more filters which can, in wet and cold weather, become clogged with ice, thereby cutting off the air intake, or at least reducing it. In this hypothesis, it is then necessary to unblock the air inlet by melting the ice, for example by means of a blowing of hot air into the filter.
  • the device of FIG. 1 comprises a source of pressurized hot air (not shown), supplying along the arrow F a pipe 2 provided with an adjustment valve 3.
  • the pipe 2 in turn feeds a manifold tubular 4, for example horizontal, on which are regularly and parallel distributed, vertical ramps 5, 5 ', etc ... which each carry several silent injectors and air regulators 6, 6', etc ... according to invention, distributed regularly and oriented so as to blow hot air over the entire extent of the air intake section 1 of the turbine, to thus ensure uniform defrosting of the filter placed in this air inlet .
  • the mesh of the silencers can advantageously be between 300 x 300 mm and 1000 x 1000 mm, depending on the dimensions thereof.
  • the silencers 6, 6 ′ which simultaneously act as injectors, achieve sonic silent expansion of the hot gases.
  • the silencers according to the invention a good distribution of the hot air is obtained in the air inlet section 1 and it is possible to use between the valve 3 and these silencers, small diameter pipes, therefore less costly, in which the pressure can be adjusted, by dimensioning the passage section of the throttle piece, to a value between 5 and 15 bars, or more if the source of hot air allows.
  • the first end of this tubular casing is mounted in a mounting member 10 taking the form a tip for fixing the silencer to a source of gas fluid supply (not shown in Figure 2).
  • the end piece 10 is fixed by screwing or welding to the source to ensure communication between the source and the casing 7 of the silencer through the throttle piece 8. This rests on an annular shoulder 11 formed in the bore 12 of this end piece which receives the adjacent end of the tubular casing 7.
  • the end piece 10 can be a commercial end-piece produced by turning or forging and has a thread for fixing the casing 7. The latter could also be soldered on this tip.
  • the other end of the envelope is pierced with lights 13, 13 ', 13'', ... regularly distributed around the envelope in the vicinity of the disc 9.
  • the disc 9, fixed to the envelope 7 by welding or screwing, can itself be pierced of lights.
  • the cumulative surface of all these lights is preferably in a ratio 5 to 40 with the open surface of the throttle piece 8.
  • the throttle piece takes the form of a circular plate pierced with holes of the same diameter and regularly distributed.
  • This plate can be produced by punching a sheet of perforated sheet metal, or by drilling. Its thickness is a function of the pressure in the ramp 5 and its diameter.
  • this plate 8 An essential characteristic of this plate 8 is that the cumulative S2 of the sections of these holes must be reduced relative to the inlet section S1 of the nozzle 10, so as to ensure a sonic flow of gas at the inlet in the envelope 7, while maintaining the same mass flow and a subsonic flow of said gas in the pipes upstream of the device according to the invention, for a purpose which will appear later.
  • An essential characteristic of the silencer according to the invention, linked to the presence of shock waves downstream of the plate 8, is that the tubular casing 7 is completely filled, from the perforated plate 8 to the disc 9, a lining 14 made of fine metal wire (inside 1 mm), of the knitted or tightly wound fabric type.
  • the length L of the lining must not be less than 20 mm for an envelope 7 of small diameter and should be between 20 and 300 mm, if possible, whatever the diameter of the envelope.
  • the porosity of such a knitted fabric is greater than 80%.
  • the operation of the silencer according to the invention is then established as follows.
  • the gas which enters the envelope 7 undergoes a sonic expansion at the level of the plate 8 and the metal wire lining 14 then reduces the noise of the trigger by stabilizing and splitting the shock waves and by homogenizing the flow. Thanks to the fact that it internally covers the lights 13, 13 ', 13'', ..., the lining also reduces the emission towards the outside of noises generated by the passage of gas through these lights.
  • the presence of a sonic flow prevents any rise of noise upstream, therefore in the rest of the installation.
  • the increase in pressure in the installation due to the throttle piece, has the effect, for the same mass flow, of reducing the speed of the fluid and therefore the noise in the supply. Downstream of the plate 8, the flow takes place at low speed and at low pressure and the tubular casing 7 is therefore not subjected to high internal pressures.
  • a metallic foam with open ones of porosity greater than 50% should exhibit good mechanical resistance to the pressure developed by the gas entering through the holes in the perforated plate 8, so as not to be forced back towards the other end of the envelope and to continue to fill it completely.
  • tests have shown that the metallic knitted fabric referenced G 270, stainless steel 304 L, embossed, double and tightly wound, in the catalogs of the GANTOIS Company, gives excellent results.
  • the silencer according to the invention lends itself to embodiments in all diameters at low costs using commercial organs, end pieces, tubes, etc. It can be entirely metallic in steel or stainless steel and withstands high pressures, the upstream pressure being applied only to part 8. It can also withstand high temperatures by making it in refractory stainless steel, including the metallic knitting. One can, by providing a fixing by screwing, give it the character of a removable and interchangeable cartridge.
  • the sonic silencer according to the invention also forms a screen for the upward noise rise in the supply piping. Thanks to the invention, and because of the low speeds of the fluid in the supply, it is possible to envisage replacing the control valve by an all or nothing less expensive valve, or by several valves in parallel if several operating flow rates are required.
  • the characteristics of porosity, cohesion and elasticity of the lining combine to ensure effective unclogging of the latter under the effect of the agitation developed by the shock waves which propagate in the silencer according to l 'invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Exhaust Silencers (AREA)
  • Pipe Accessories (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Schalldämpfender Injektor oder Ejektor zur Entspannung eines gasförmigen Strömungsmittels mit einem Element (10) zum Montieren des Schalldämpfers an einer Quelle des unter Druck stehenden und mit Unterschallgeschwindigkeit strömenden Strömungsmittels und einem Gehäuse (7), das ein erstes Ende aufweist, das durch ein Durchlaßelement (8) verschlossen ist, welches von Löchern durchbohrt ist, deren Gesamtfläche (S2) in bezug auf die Querschnittsfläche (S1) eines Einlaßelementes des Schalldämpfers reduziert ist, und welches derart am Montageelement montiert ist, daß es innen mit der Strömungsmittelquelle in Verbindung steht, wobei das Gehäuse (7) ein zweites Ende aufweist, das im Abstand vom ersten Ende angeordnet ist und mit Austrittsöffnungen (13) für den Durchgang des in das Gehäuse (7) eingelassenen Strömungsmittels in eine äußere Umgebung versehen ist, und einer Packung, die den Raum innerhalb des Gehäuses vom Durchlaßelement bis zum zweiten Ende desselben vollständig ausfüllt und eine innere Abdeckung für die durch das zweite Ende des Gehäuses geführten Austrittsöffnungen (13) bildet, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Verhältnis zwischen der Gesamtfläche (S2) der Löcher des Durchlaßelementes (8) und der Einlaßquerschnittsfläche (S1) so groß ist, daß die Geschwindigkeit der Strömung durch das Durchlaßelement (8) auf Schallgeschwindigkeit erhöht wird, und daß das Verhältnis zwischen der Gesamtfläche der Durchtrittsöffnungen (13) und der Gesamtfläche (S2) zwischen 5 und 40 liegt, so daß die Strömung durch die Durchtrittsöffnungen mit Unterschallgeschwindigkeit erfolgt.
  2. Schalldämpfer nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Durchlaßelement durch eine Platte gebildet ist, die eine gleichmäßige Verteilung von Löchern mit identischen Abmessungen aufweist.
  3. Schalldämpfer nach einem der Ansprüche 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Packung durch ein Gewirke aus dicht gewalzten Metallfäden gebildet ist.
  4. Schalldämpfer nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Packung durch ein Gewebe bzw. Geflecht aus dicht gewalzten Metallfäden gebildet ist.
  5. Schalldämpfer nach einem der Ansprüche 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Packung durch einen metallischen Schaumstoff mit offenen Zellen gebildet ist.
  6. Schalldämpfer nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Packung eine Porosität über 50 % aufweist.
  7. Schalldämpfer nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Gehäuse die Form eines zylindrischen Rohres besitzt.
  8. Anordnung zum Blasen eines gasförmigen Strömungsmittels auf eine ausgedehnte Fläche, die mit einer Reihe von Schalldämpfern nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche versehen ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie eine Vielzahl von parallelen Rampen (5) aufweist, die an einem gemeinsamen Sammler (4), der an eine Quelle eines gasförmigen Strömungsmittels angeschlossen ist, montiert sind, wobei jede Rampe eine Vielzahl von schalldämpfenden Strömungsmittelinjektoren oder Strömungsmittelejektoren (6, 6' ...) trägt, die gleichmäßig verteilt und orientiert sind, so daß das gasförmige Strömungsmittel auf die gesamte, einer Blasbehandlung zu unterziehende Fläche gleichmäßig verteilt wird.
EP89903496A 1988-03-11 1989-03-09 Schalldämpfer für strömende gase Expired - Lifetime EP0404801B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT89903496T ATE97463T1 (de) 1988-03-11 1989-03-09 Schalldaempfer fuer stroemende gase.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8803183A FR2628477B1 (fr) 1988-03-11 1988-03-11 Silencieux ejecteur ou injecteur pour la detente d'un fluide gazeux et dispositif de soufflage equipe d'un ensemble de tels silencieux
FR8803183 1988-03-11

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0404801A1 EP0404801A1 (de) 1991-01-02
EP0404801B1 true EP0404801B1 (de) 1993-11-18

Family

ID=9364178

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89903496A Expired - Lifetime EP0404801B1 (de) 1988-03-11 1989-03-09 Schalldämpfer für strömende gase

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US5166479A (de)
EP (1) EP0404801B1 (de)
DE (1) DE68910816T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2628477B1 (de)
WO (1) WO1989008771A1 (de)

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JP4188108B2 (ja) * 2003-03-10 2008-11-26 本田技研工業株式会社 内燃機関の排気消音器
US7185678B1 (en) * 2003-12-11 2007-03-06 Nitram Energy, Inc. Orifice plate diffuser
DE202004011630U1 (de) * 2004-07-24 2004-11-11 Wabco Gmbh & Co.Ohg Geräuschdämpfer für Drucklufteinrichtungen
FR2884293B1 (fr) * 2005-04-12 2007-05-18 Sncf Dispositif d'attenuation acoustique
US7530427B2 (en) * 2006-06-12 2009-05-12 Briggs & Stratton Corporation Exhaust deflector for a muffler
US7530428B2 (en) * 2006-06-12 2009-05-12 Briggs & Stratton Corporation Exhaust deflector for a muffler
US20090014235A1 (en) * 2007-07-13 2009-01-15 Paccar Inc Flow diffuser for exhaust pipe
US7971432B2 (en) * 2007-07-13 2011-07-05 Paccar Inc Flow diffuser for exhaust pipe
DE102008029489A1 (de) * 2008-06-20 2009-12-24 Wabco Gmbh Geräuschdämpfer für Druckluftsysteme von Fahrzeugen
WO2010009529A1 (en) * 2008-07-25 2010-01-28 Hatch Ltd. Apparatus for stabilization and deceleration of supersonic flow incorporating a diverging nozzle and perforated plate
FR2938501B1 (fr) * 2008-11-14 2011-01-21 Airbus France Procede pour la reduction du bruit engendre par un orifice place dans un ecoulement gazeux energetique
US7984787B2 (en) * 2009-01-23 2011-07-26 Dresser-Rand Company Fluid-carrying conduit and method with noise attenuation
FR2955084B1 (fr) * 2010-01-12 2012-06-08 Airbus Operations Sas Aeronef comportant au moins un filet destine a reduire le bruit aerodynamique d'un element structurel dudit aeronef
JP6137158B2 (ja) * 2014-12-18 2017-05-31 株式会社村田製作所 騒音低減装置
US10041506B2 (en) * 2015-06-30 2018-08-07 General Electric Company System for discharging compressed air from a compressor
US10704464B2 (en) 2016-02-16 2020-07-07 General Electric Company Acoustic nozzles for inlet bleed heat systems
US10520187B2 (en) * 2017-07-06 2019-12-31 Praxair Technology, Inc. Burner with baffle
US11391207B2 (en) 2020-01-16 2022-07-19 General Electric Company Anti-icing system having a nozzle with a deflector plate and method
US11473501B2 (en) 2020-12-22 2022-10-18 General Electric Company Anti-icing for gas turbine system
US11459951B2 (en) 2020-12-22 2022-10-04 General Electric Company Anti-icing system with a flow-deflector assembly

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1989008771A1 (fr) 1989-09-21
EP0404801A1 (de) 1991-01-02
FR2628477B1 (fr) 1993-05-14
US5166479A (en) 1992-11-24
DE68910816T2 (de) 1994-06-09
FR2628477A1 (fr) 1989-09-15
DE68910816D1 (de) 1993-12-23

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