EP0404789A1 - Montageverfahren zur herstellung von led-zeilen. - Google Patents
Montageverfahren zur herstellung von led-zeilen.Info
- Publication number
- EP0404789A1 EP0404789A1 EP89903087A EP89903087A EP0404789A1 EP 0404789 A1 EP0404789 A1 EP 0404789A1 EP 89903087 A EP89903087 A EP 89903087A EP 89903087 A EP89903087 A EP 89903087A EP 0404789 A1 EP0404789 A1 EP 0404789A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- carrier
- led
- assembly method
- auxiliary carrier
- adhesive
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L25/00—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof
- H01L25/03—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof all the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups H01L27/00 - H01L33/00, or in a single subclass of H10K, H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes
- H01L25/04—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof all the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups H01L27/00 - H01L33/00, or in a single subclass of H10K, H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices not having separate containers
- H01L25/075—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof all the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups H01L27/00 - H01L33/00, or in a single subclass of H10K, H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices not having separate containers the devices being of a type provided for in group H01L33/00
- H01L25/0753—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof all the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups H01L27/00 - H01L33/00, or in a single subclass of H10K, H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices not having separate containers the devices being of a type provided for in group H01L33/00 the devices being arranged next to each other
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
- B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
- B41J2/435—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by selective application of radiation to a printing material or impression-transfer material
- B41J2/447—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by selective application of radiation to a printing material or impression-transfer material using arrays of radiation sources
- B41J2/45—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by selective application of radiation to a printing material or impression-transfer material using arrays of radiation sources using light-emitting diode [LED] or laser arrays
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/67—Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components ; Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere
- H01L21/68—Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components ; Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere for positioning, orientation or alignment
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/0001—Technical content checked by a classifier
- H01L2924/0002—Not covered by any one of groups H01L24/00, H01L24/00 and H01L2224/00
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2933/00—Details relating to devices covered by the group H01L33/00 but not provided for in its subgroups
- H01L2933/0008—Processes
- H01L2933/0033—Processes relating to semiconductor body packages
- H01L2933/0066—Processes relating to semiconductor body packages relating to arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the semiconductor body
Definitions
- the invention relates to an assembly method for producing LED lines, in particular for the character generator of a non-mechanical printer.
- LED rows are usually understood to mean the arrangement of LEDs, that is to say light-emitting diodes, in row form.
- discrete individual components were assembled into lines. It was only possible to realize a rough grid of, for example, 1/10, 1/20 inches from fully encapsulated LEDs. Later, individually unencapsulated LED chips were assembled into lines with which it was then possible to realize much finer screens.
- integration on the semiconductor wafer makes it possible to arrange LEDs with extremely high point density, for example 300 or 600 dpi (dots per inch).
- LEDs are usually used for display purposes. From DE-A-35 34 338, for example, it is also already known to use LEDs for printing purposes in a character generator for a non-mechanical printer.
- the character generator described there contains a plurality of light sources in an exposure line, which are designed, for example, as light-emitting diodes. Using the light sources, a latent electrostatic image is generated on a transfer printing drum.
- all the components forming the exposure line such as the light-emitting diodes, control circuits and feed lines, are permanently mounted on a common carrier, the light-emitting diodes and control circuits being fastened by gluing.
- the carrier has a length that is at least as large as j as the width of the entire exposure line. ,
- the use of the LEDs as imaging elements with the high point density of up to 600 dpi requires compliance with the tightest tolerances in all three directions, i.e. with regard to the spacing, line accuracy and surface flatness.
- an optimal thermal coupling to a carrier made of metal is required.
- these requirements cannot be met or cannot be easily met with the previously known production processes.
- the adhesive prevents the optimal thermal coupling required for dissipating the heat loss.
- soldering the LED chips onto a metal carrier enables optimum thermal coupling, but here, when soldering an LED chip, softening or remelting of the soldered connection of the adjacent LED chip inevitably leads to its de-use.
- the invention has for its object to provide an assembly process for the production of LED rows, which on the one hand allows the tightest tolerances with regard to pitch spacing, line accuracy and surface flatness to be maintained and on the other hand dissipates the high heat loss through optimal thermal coupling to a metal carrier guaranteed from the LEDs.
- the LEDs are applied to the metal carrier using a transfer method.
- this transfer method enables the LEDs with high accuracy in all three Directions can be applied in a cell-like manner to the auxiliary carrier and that, on the other hand, soldering ensures a thermally highly conductive connection to the metal carrier. It is possible to compensate for relatively large 'differences in the thickness of the LEDs without this Dickenunter ⁇ differences become noticeable on the line interface as steps.
- FIG. 1 shows a partial construction of an electrophotographic printer, shown in cross section, for generating a latent, electrostatic image
- FIG. 2 shows the top view of an exposure module with an LED line of the printer according to FIG. 1,
- FIG. 3 shows the application of LED chips in the line form required for the exposure module according to FIG. 2 to an auxiliary carrier
- FIG. 4 shows the joining area of two LED chips arranged on the auxiliary carrier according to FIG. 3,
- FIG. 5 shows the joining area of two LED chips arranged on a second embodiment of the auxiliary carrier
- FIG. 6 shows the transfer of the LED chips arranged in row form on the auxiliary carrier to a metal carrier
- FIG. 7 shows the finished arrangement of the LED line required for the exposure module according to FIG. 2 on the metal carrier.
- FIG. 1 shows how a character generator 1 and a transfer printing tro mel 2 of a printer "are installed in a printer housing 3.
- the transfer printing drum 2 is to be adopted at a in the printer, gBphaseuse. 3 rotatably mounted spindle .20 axially.
- Below the pivoting transfer printing drum 2 is the .Zeichengene- • rator 1 in attached to the printer housing 3.
- the drawing organizer 1 is fixedly mounted at both ends on adjustable fastening elements 30, 31.
- An imaging optics 10 of the character generator 1 reproduces pixels from light-emitting diodes, hereinafter referred to as LEDs, onto the transfer drum 2. These LEDs are each arranged on an exposure module 11 which is positively connected to the web of a T-shaped module carrier 13. Stop elements 12 are further provided on the web of the module carrier 13, which prevent the exposure modules 11 from being displaced in the horizontal direction when the character generator 1 is in the operating state.
- the flange of the T-shaped module carrier 13 also has rollers 130, which are each attached in pairs to the two long end faces of the flange diametrically to one another.
- the base of the flange is divided into two contact surfaces 131, 132 and a step surface 133, offset from these two contact surfaces 131, 132, on which several cooling fins 140 forming a heat sink 14 are fastened, for example soldered.
- the character generator is pushed into the printer housing 3 by the fact that the rollers 130 in guide rails 32 of the printer housing 3 can be moved in the horizontal direction until the character generator 1 in the mounting planes 300, 310 with its contact surfaces 131 , 132 rests on the fastening elements 30, 31.
- the exposure modules 11, as shown in FIG. 2 have an LED line or exposure line 114 in a regular moderate distance, the LEDs 113 as LED chips 112 with pairs of parallel sides and, depending on the printing pattern, with 64 or 128 LEDs included monolithically integrated. Representative of this, 2 points are shown as LEDs in FIG.
- the individual LEDs in the exposure line 114 or on the LED chips 112 are in each case offset in two rows running at an equidistant distance. This offset is determined depending on the print pattern. Typical print screens used are 240 dpi (dots per inch), 300 dpi and 600 dpi.
- the displacement of the LEDs 113 is necessary, among other things, because the diameter of the LEDs 113 for the printing grids mentioned is larger than the resulting offset and therefore the LEDs 113 cannot be arranged in a single-row, continuous exposure line 114.
- the number 64 or 128 for the number of LEDs 113 per LED chip 112 on the modules 11 of the character generator 1 is not chosen arbitrarily, but is based on circumstances that are related to the digital control of the LEDs 113.
- an integrated circuit 111 is provided on the module 11 for each LED row of an LED chip 112, as can be seen in FIG.
- Each of these integrated circuits 111 is connected via a bus system 110 to a flexible ribbon cable 4 as well as to data and control lines 60 via driver modules (not shown) and is thus connected to a power supply or a microprocessor-controlled device, also not shown ⁇ closed. In this device, all print data from the LEDs 113 are stored and processed in the exposure line 114.
- the blank from which the individual exposure modules 11 are manufactured is cut particularly carefully at the angle ⁇ _ in the area of the exposure line 114 and then still with the highest tolerance. precision machined. This is therefore erfor ⁇ sary so that the clearing * line by the mechanical machining ent standing joining surfaces 116, the homogeneity of the entire loading 114 do not adversely affect on all exposure modules 11 of the character generator 1 during clamping of the modules 11 in a horizontal direction.
- the fact that these joining surfaces 116 do not have a disadvantageous effect on the homogeneity is, on the other hand, only given by a sufficiently large joining gap 115 between the individual chips 112 on each module 11.
- the problem underlying the manufacture of LED rows 114 is solved in that the LEDs are soldered for optimum thermal coupling and in that the LEDs are transferred to the metal carrier in a transfer process in order to adhere to the narrow tolerances, in particular in the height deviation .
- the LEDs are first glued with their active side down using high-precision optical adjustment means to a line on a flat auxiliary carrier. Then this auxiliary carrier with the LED line is positioned on the previously defined strip-shaped with solder-coated solid metal carrier so that the solderable back of the LEDs points to the solder on the metal carrier.
- the fixed composite of metal and auxiliary carrier is then a heat source, e.g. a vapor phase soldering system.
- a rigid auxiliary support H1 which for example has a thickness of 1 mm and consists of visible glass.
- Positioning openings P are located at both ends of the strip-shaped auxiliary support H1, the function of which will be explained in connection with FIG. 6 at a later point.
- the individual LED chips are positioned one after the other with their active side on the flat surface 0 of the auxiliary carrier H1 and fixed by gluing, ie the solderable rear sides R of the LED chips 112 point upwards.
- the application takes place in such a way that first a first LED chip 112 is positioned on the surface 0 of the auxiliary carrier H1 and then fixed with the aid of a UV-curable adhesive K, whereupon the second LED chip 112 is positioned on the surface 0, relatively adjusted to the first LED chip 112 and fixed with the help of the UV-curable adhesive K. This process continues until the last LED chip 112 is fixed on the auxiliary carrier H.
- the adjustment of the LED chips 112 is carried out with the aid of an optoelectronic adjustment device J, which consists of a camera Ka arranged below the auxiliary carrier H1 and an image processing device BV.
- the mode of operation of such optoelectronic adjustment devices J is described, for example, in US Pat. No. 4,305,097.
- the fixing of the adjusted LED chips 112 by gluing is shown in FIG. 3 in the penultimate LED chip 112 of the LED line 114.
- the UV-curable adhesive K is applied to both sides of a drop-shaped LED chip 112 in such a way that it is automatically drawn in by capillary action between the active side A of the LED chip 112 and the surface 0 of the auxiliary carrier H1 and immediately thereafter can be cured by UV radiation from below through the auxiliary carrier H1.
- the camera Ka detects the joining area of two LED chips 112 and the LEDs 113 on the active side A in this joining area through the transparent auxiliary carrier H1, as can be seen from FIG.
- the LED chip 112 which has not yet been fixed, is then aligned with the previous already glued LED chip 112, for example by double image comparison, so that there is no interruption in the two rows of LEDs 113 Joining area occurs.
- an auxiliary carrier referred to here as H2
- H2 can also consist of metal, such as stainless steel, or of ceramic if it is located in the joining area of the LED chips 112 with viewing openings S for the adjustment of the LED. Chips 112 is provided.
- FIG. 6 shows the transfer of the LED line 114 detachably fastened on the auxiliary carrier H1 to the metal carrier M of the exposure module 11 (cf. FIG. 2).
- the auxiliary carrier H1 is positioned relative to the metal carrier M with the aid of a device from which only the positioning pins PS penetrating into the positioning openings P can be seen.
- the metal carrier M which has a thickness of 12 mm, consists of copper, the one in the connection area provided with the LED chips 112 with a galvanically deposited and approximately 1.5 ⁇ m thick gold layer, not shown in the drawing is provided.
- There is a thin solder layer L on the gold layer which is, for example, a tin / lead solder.
- solder layer L arranged in strips in the connection area on the metal carrier M is first applied in the form of a solder paste by screen printing and then remelted.
- the solderable rear sides R of the LED chips 112 rest on the solder layer L, a gold layer which is vapor-deposited on the rear side R in a vacuum and not recognizable in the drawing serving as the solderable layer.
- the composite of metal carrier M and auxiliary carrier HI shown in FIG. 6 is heated in a vapor phase soldering system until the solder L melts and ensures a secure solder connection between the rear sides R of the LED chips 112 and the metal carrier M. is. During the soldering, solder L that possibly emerges laterally can be caught in grooves in the metal carrier M, which are, for example, 1 mm deep and are not shown in the drawing.
- auxiliary carrier HI and the one used Adhesive K removed, so that the finished LED row 114 shown in FIG. 7 is now arranged on the metal carrier M, with the active sides A pointing upward.
- the auxiliary carrier H1 is removed in a particularly simple manner by dissolving the adhesive K in a suitable solvent.
- Ethyl methyl ketone for example, is suitable as a solvent for commercially available UV-curable adhesives, which have, for example, UV hardeners based on hydroxylalkylphenones.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Led Device Packages (AREA)
- Printers Or Recording Devices Using Electromagnetic And Radiation Means (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE3808667 | 1988-03-15 | ||
DE3808667A DE3808667A1 (de) | 1988-03-15 | 1988-03-15 | Montageverfahren zur herstellung von led-zeilen |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0404789A1 true EP0404789A1 (de) | 1991-01-02 |
EP0404789B1 EP0404789B1 (de) | 1993-05-26 |
Family
ID=6349808
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19890903087 Expired - Lifetime EP0404789B1 (de) | 1988-03-15 | 1989-03-15 | Montageverfahren zur herstellung von led-zeilen |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5043296A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0404789B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2725214B2 (de) |
DE (2) | DE3808667A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1989008927A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (21)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3923023A1 (de) * | 1989-07-12 | 1991-01-24 | Siemens Ag | Uv-haertbarer klebstoff fuer ein halbleiterchipmontageverfahren |
US5317344A (en) * | 1989-12-22 | 1994-05-31 | Eastman Kodak Company | Light emitting diode printhead having improved signal distribution apparatus |
DE4016698A1 (de) * | 1990-05-23 | 1991-11-28 | Siemens Ag | Hilfstraeger zum uebertragen von teilen auf einen traeger und verfahren zu dessen anwendung |
DE4016696A1 (de) * | 1990-05-23 | 1991-11-28 | Siemens Ag | Vorrichtung und verfahren zum positionsgenauen loeten von loetteilen auf einen traeger |
US5453145A (en) * | 1991-03-04 | 1995-09-26 | Eastman Kodak Company | Z-axis dimensional control in manufacturing an LED printhead |
DE4129146A1 (de) * | 1991-09-02 | 1993-03-04 | Siemens Nixdorf Inf Syst | Bandfoermiger hilfstraeger als montagehilfe fuer die zeilenweise montage von halbleiterchips auf einer passflaeche eines traegerelementes und ein zugehoeriges montageverfahren |
US5977575A (en) * | 1992-04-27 | 1999-11-02 | Seiko Instruments Inc. | Semiconductor sensor device comprised of plural sensor chips connected to function as a unit |
US5352629A (en) * | 1993-01-19 | 1994-10-04 | General Electric Company | Process for self-alignment and planarization of semiconductor chips attached by solder die adhesive to multi-chip modules |
US5482896A (en) * | 1993-11-18 | 1996-01-09 | Eastman Kodak Company | Light emitting device comprising an organic LED array on an ultra thin substrate and process for forming same |
US5372294A (en) * | 1994-01-27 | 1994-12-13 | Motorola, Inc. | Method of preparing a component for automated placement |
US5510273A (en) * | 1995-04-03 | 1996-04-23 | Xerox Corporation | Process of mounting semiconductor chips in a full-width-array image |
DE19840226B4 (de) * | 1998-09-03 | 2006-02-23 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Verfahren zum Aufbringen eines Schaltungschips auf einen Träger |
DE10008203B4 (de) * | 2000-02-23 | 2008-02-07 | Vishay Semiconductor Gmbh | Verfahren zum Herstellen elektronischer Halbleiterbauelemente |
DE102004058201A1 (de) * | 2004-12-02 | 2006-06-22 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Verfahren zur Übertragung von Bauelementen auf eine Oberfläche |
KR101249237B1 (ko) * | 2005-11-09 | 2013-04-01 | 코닌클리즈케 필립스 일렉트로닉스 엔.브이. | 기판 상으로의 조명 소자들의 조립 |
WO2009075753A2 (en) * | 2007-12-06 | 2009-06-18 | Paul Panaccione | Chip-scale packaged light-emitting devices |
US20100014288A1 (en) * | 2008-07-15 | 2010-01-21 | Presence From Innovation, Llc | Retro-fit light stick device and secondary light source or other electrical device for use with walk-in type coolers and other product display units |
US20100038670A1 (en) * | 2008-08-18 | 2010-02-18 | Luminus Devices, Inc. | Illumination assembly including chip-scale packaged light-emitting device |
KR20120068626A (ko) * | 2010-12-17 | 2012-06-27 | 삼성엘이디 주식회사 | Led 광원 모듈 및 이를 구비한 디스플레이 장치 |
DE102013104903A1 (de) * | 2013-05-13 | 2014-11-13 | Vossloh-Schwabe Deutschland Gmbh | Leuchtmittelanordnung mit einem Abzugselement |
DE102014201635B3 (de) * | 2014-01-30 | 2015-05-13 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Verfahren zur Anordnung von elektronischen Bauelementen und elektronische Schaltanordnung |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1805174A1 (de) * | 1968-10-25 | 1970-05-14 | Telefunken Patent | Verfahren zum Aufbringen von Einzelkoerpern auf einen Grundkoerper |
DE1960121B2 (de) * | 1969-11-29 | 1975-11-27 | Semikron Gesellschaft Fuer Gleichrichterbau Und Elektronik Mbh, 8500 Nuernberg | Vorrichtung zur Halterung von HaIbleiterelernenten |
JPS5522848A (en) * | 1978-08-08 | 1980-02-18 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | Mounting method of photo-electric conversion element |
JPS5617384A (en) * | 1979-07-20 | 1981-02-19 | Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co | Production of display device |
DE2929846A1 (de) * | 1979-07-23 | 1981-03-12 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Opto-elektronisches pruefsystem zur automatischen beschaffenheitspruefung von leiterplatten, deren zwischenprodukte und druckwerkzeuge |
DE3009985A1 (de) * | 1980-03-14 | 1981-09-24 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Montageverfahren zur herstellung von leuchtdiodenzeilen |
JPS57207076A (en) * | 1981-06-17 | 1982-12-18 | Ricoh Co Ltd | Manufacture of luminous element chip array |
JPS5850572A (ja) * | 1981-09-22 | 1983-03-25 | 株式会社東芝 | デイスプレイ装置の製造方法 |
US4566170A (en) * | 1983-05-10 | 1986-01-28 | Pitney Bowes Inc. | Method of producing a light emiting diode array |
JPS60136788A (ja) * | 1983-12-26 | 1985-07-20 | 日本ビクター株式会社 | Led平面パネルデイスプレイの製作法 |
CA1222071A (en) * | 1984-01-30 | 1987-05-19 | Joseph A. Aurichio | Conductive die attach tape |
GB2156153B (en) * | 1984-03-21 | 1988-02-24 | Pitney Bowes Inc | Alignment process for semiconductor chips |
DE3534338A1 (de) * | 1985-09-26 | 1987-04-02 | Siemens Ag | Elektrofotografischer drucker mit einer belichtungsenergie/korrektureinrichtung fuer den optischen zeichengenerator |
-
1988
- 1988-03-15 US US07/466,305 patent/US5043296A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-03-15 DE DE3808667A patent/DE3808667A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1989
- 1989-03-15 DE DE8989903087T patent/DE58904511D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-03-15 EP EP19890903087 patent/EP0404789B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-03-15 JP JP1502926A patent/JP2725214B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-03-15 WO PCT/DE1989/000163 patent/WO1989008927A1/de active IP Right Grant
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO8908927A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2725214B2 (ja) | 1998-03-11 |
DE58904511D1 (de) | 1993-07-01 |
DE3808667A1 (de) | 1989-10-05 |
WO1989008927A1 (en) | 1989-09-21 |
EP0404789B1 (de) | 1993-05-26 |
JPH02503775A (ja) | 1990-11-08 |
US5043296A (en) | 1991-08-27 |
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