EP0404047B1 - Verfahren und Maschine zum Waschen und Trocknen von Textilwaren - Google Patents

Verfahren und Maschine zum Waschen und Trocknen von Textilwaren Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0404047B1
EP0404047B1 EP90111540A EP90111540A EP0404047B1 EP 0404047 B1 EP0404047 B1 EP 0404047B1 EP 90111540 A EP90111540 A EP 90111540A EP 90111540 A EP90111540 A EP 90111540A EP 0404047 B1 EP0404047 B1 EP 0404047B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
drum
washing
rotation
machine
articles
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP90111540A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0404047A1 (de
Inventor
Pierino Vellati
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
VOTA, ROBERTO
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Vota Roberto
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Publication of EP0404047A1 publication Critical patent/EP0404047A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F35/00—Washing machines, apparatus, or methods not otherwise provided for
    • D06F35/005—Methods for washing, rinsing or spin-drying
    • D06F35/006—Methods for washing, rinsing or spin-drying for washing or rinsing only

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns a process and a machine for washing and/or drying textile products, and namely "very delicate" textile products, i.e. those liable to dimensional shrinkage due to felting and/or relaxation, that up to now could be washed only by hand.
  • washing-machines are mainly used to wash in a water medium clothes and linen, and they essentially comprise a rotating drum housed in a water tight bowl and connected to an electric motor which has said drum rotate about its own longitudinal axis.
  • the motor is controlled for actuation by a programmer where the washing cycles or programmes are previously set; said programmes comprise at least one of the following stages: pre-washing, washing, rinsing, spinning, drying.
  • a detersive solution in water is used, the water being generally heated by a resistor, and the drum is rotated at a preselected speed, causing a motion which replaces the manual mechanical action; said motion provides for the partial lifting of the articles of clothing to be washed along the drum walls until they fall down on the bottom of the drum itself, in that the acceleration of gravity exceeds the centrifugal acceleration caused by the drum rotation.
  • pure water is used or possibly additioned with products such as softening, blueing, sizing agents, etc.
  • water is almost completely eliminated from the washed articles which, in the latest models of washing-machines, are then completely dried in the drying stage by means of hot air.
  • the so called gentle cycles require a water consumption, for each stage, of approximately 18-25 litres, which are discharged at the end of each stage.
  • the drum rotation speed for these average machines with drum having a 40-50 cm diameter is approximately 50-60 revolutions per minute during the pre-washing, washing and rinsing stages, while it increases up to approximately 250 or even 1000 revolutions per minute during the spinning stage.
  • washing-machines lies in the fact that the above reported type of washing, which is the most commonly used, is extremely damaging for all those textile products classified as “very delicate", and specially for knitted articles, in that they are particularly liable to size shrinkage due to felting (i.e. those articles made of wool, mohair, cashmere, alpaca, camel, etc.) and/or size shrinkage due to relaxation occurring in products made of any type of textile fibres.
  • Object of the present invention is to solve the aforesaid problems by means of a process and a machine for washing and/or drying textile articles, especially the "very delicate” ones, that reduces and limit within acceptable values size shrinkage due to felting and/or relaxation of the treated items.
  • the present invention provides a process for washing textile articles (e.g. clothing articles) according to claim 1.
  • the invention also provides a process for hot-air drying textile articles, according to claim 2.
  • the invention furthermore concerns an automatic or semi-automatic machine for washing textile articles, according to claim 8.
  • the invention also relates to a machine for drying textile articles, according to claim 9.
  • the process and the machine are especially suitable for those textile articles up to now washable only by hand in that liable to size shrinkage due to felting and/or relaxation.
  • By these process and machine it will be possible to machine wash repeatedly (at least 20 times) all the products up to now washable only by hand, and to avoid size shrinkage, for felting and/or relaxation, exceeding 10% in area (a value deemed as the maximum acceptable one with respect to wearability).
  • the drum is rotated at such an angular speed ⁇ that the corresponding centrifugal force Fc is sufficient to hold every single textile product or article adhering to the drum walls in spite of the presence of water in the drum, without however squashing it against said walls too vigorously.
  • a sort of "soft spinning” is performed, where the centrifugal acceleration has a value that exceeds the acceleration of gravity, but is lower than the centrifugal acceleration during a stage of "strong spinning", i.e. the usual spinning stage in state-of-the-art methods.
  • angular speed ⁇ or of centrifugal acceleration will vary depending on the radius r of the drum of the washing-machine.
  • the preferred speed and acceleration will be those corresponding to a speed of rotation of the drum within the range from about 80 to about 240 revolutions per minute.
  • Said speed of rotation is similar to the speed used, in some of the latest models of washing-machines, during the stage of pre-spinning in order to obtain a uniform distribution of the load, but, unlike the latter ones, it is used during the whole washing cycle and/or during drying; said speed is thus maintained also in the presence of soapy water in the bowl, or vassel, as well.
  • a speed is preferably used during at least part of the actual washing stage, in order to have every article at least partially soaked at each revolution by the soapy solution in the bowl.
  • the use of the speed according to the invention provides a cleansing action that is equal and even better than that obtainable according to known washing methods.
  • the machine will preferably alternate periods of drum rotation at the speed according to the invention to periods of zero speed (steady drum) and/or reduced speed (20-40 revolutions per minute), in order to allow the articles to be differently positioned.
  • rotations of the drum at high speed are preferably performed, to remove water and/or possible soap and detergent from the articles.
  • the total time of actual agitation or flapping of the articles i.e. the total amount of the washing and drying cycle periods during which the textile articles are actually lifted and dropped at each drum revolution, is preferably within the range from 20 to 200 seconds.
  • the washing machine and the washing process according to the invention provide other advantages.
  • a first advantage consists in the possibility of reducing even by 40% the quantity of water used in each washing cycle.
  • the saving of water results in a corresponding saving of the electrical power used for heating the water up to a temperature that in a preferred embodiment is within the range from 30 to 40 degrees C.
  • said saving of water also involves a corresponding saving of detergent.
  • the detergent used will be of the liquid type with limited foam formation, but a detergent in powder can be used as well.
  • a typical programme of washing cycle using a process and a machine according to the invention is designed in a way as to have a first washing stage prior to heating at 30-40 degrees C the soapy solution containing the detergent, followed by the washing stage at said temperature, successively followed by 2 or 3 rinsings with cold water.
  • the washing takes place alternating periods of rotation of the drum at the speed according to the invention to periods of "strong spinning” (250-600 rpm) and to periods of steady drum (zero speed) and/or slow rotation (20-40 rpm) to allow the products change their position in the drum and avoid the formation of folds.
  • the heating of the soapy solution at the desired temperature (30-40 degrees C) may take place with steady drum or during rotation at a speed according to the invention (80-240 rpm).
  • the rinsing is carried out twice or three times according to the aforereported concept of alternating rotations at different speeds and pauses; at the end of each rinsing the water is discharged (with steady drum or rotation at 80-240 rpm) and a final high-speed spinning is performed.
  • the wetting of the products both with soapy solution or with the rinsing water occurs by temporary and at least partial immersion of the products into the bath provided in the bottom area of the drum. Said wetting may be made easier and improved by means of shower or spraying systems (in the machines which are provided with said devices).
  • the total time of actual agitation, or flapping, of the articles should not exceed 200 seconds.
  • Figure 1 is a graph showing the different behaviour of a knitted article made of "pure wool” washable only by hand (not treated for "unshrinkability") after a series of washings according to the traditional "delicate-wool" cycle and according to the invention cycle.
  • the dashed line shows the behaviour of the examined article washed in a household washing-machine with a gentle cycle according to the state of the art, while the continuous line indicates the behaviour of the same article washed with a cycle according to the invention.
  • the slope of the two curves is dramatically different: the curve of size shrinkage upon a traditional gentle cycle washing (namely with the drum rotating at about 50/60 rpm) reaches the critical value of 10% approximately only after 4-5 washings, while the curve of size shrinkage upon a washing according to the invention attains this value only after 20 washings. Since this value of 20 washings corresponds to the average number of washings which a woollen article undergoes during its life, the process according to the invention allows a woollen product "washable by hand" to be machine washed for the whole length of its average life without being aesthetically damaged or its use being prevented upon extreme size shrinkage.
  • the short dashed line shows the behaviour of a wool-gentle-cycle (with drum rotation at 50/60 rpm) according to the state of the art, while the continous line shows the behaviour of the washing cycle according to the invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
  • Control Of Washing Machine And Dryer (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Verfahren zum Waschen von textilen Artikeln mittels einer automatischen oder halbautomatischen Waschmaschine mit einer umlaufenden Trommel und bei Vorhandensein ruhender Seifenlösung oder Spülwassers innerhalb der Trommel und des Behälters der Waschmaschine, gekennzeichnet dadurch, daß mindestens während des Waschschrittes des Waschprogrammablaufes die Trommel mit einer Winkelgeschwindigkeit gedreht wird, die gleich oder höher als die niedrigste Geschwindigkeit ist, die es erlaubt, die Artikel an den Trommelwänden haftend zu halten, während die textilen Artikel bei jeder Umdrehung der Trommel gleichzeitig zeitweise und mindestens teilweise in die in der Trommel und in dem Behälter vorhandene Seifenlösung oder das Spülwasser eintauchen, und dadurch, daß die Umlaufgeschwindigkeit, die das Halten der Artikel an der Trommelwand erlaubt, während der Wasch- und/oder Spülschritte mit Perioden einer stillstehenden Trommel, schneller Rotation und verminderter Rotation abgewechselt wird.
  2. Verfahren zum Heißlufttrocknen von textilen Artikeln mittels einer automatischen oder halbautomatischen Wasch- und Trockenmaschine oder einer Trockenmaschine mit einer umlaufenden Trommel, gekennzeichnet dadurch, daß die Trommel mindestens teilweise während des Heißlufttrockenprogrammablaufes mit einer Winkelgeschwindigkeit gedreht wird, die gleich oder höher als die niedrigste Geschwindigkeit ist, die es erlaubt, die Artikel an den Trommelwänden haftend zu halten.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, bei dem die Wasch- und/oder Trockenmaschine eine Trommel mit einem Durchmesser in dem Bereich von ungefähr 40 cm bis ungefähr 50 cm besitzt, wobei die Trommel mit einer Geschwindigkeit in dem Bereich von ungefähr 80 bis ungefähr 240 U/min gedreht wird.
  4. Verfahren nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 3, gekennzeichnet dadurch, daß während der Wasch-, Spül- und/oder Trockenschritte des Wasch- oder Trockenprogrammablaufes die Rotation der Trommel mit der zuvor genannten Geschwindigkeit mit Perioden der schnellen Rotation (250-600 U/min), Perioden ohne Rotation ("stillstehende Trommel") und/oder mit Perioden verminderter Rotation (20-40 U/min) abgewechselt wird; wobei die Gesamtzeit der effektiven Bewegung der Artikel innerhalb des Bereiches von 20 bis 200 Sekunden liegt.
  5. Verfahren nach den vorhergehenden Ansprüchen, bei dem während der Wasch- und/oder Spülschritte ein Wasservolumen verwendet wird, das proportional zu dem Volumen des Behälters und der Trommel ist, wobei das Wasservolumen für Trommeln mit einem Durchmesser in dem Bereich von 40 bis 50 cm in dem Bereich von 5 bis 13 Litern liegt.
  6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, bei dem der Wasserspiegel in dem Behälter und in der Trommel innerhalb von 3 bis 10 cm über dem unteren Rand der Trommel liegt.
  7. Verfahren nach den Ansprüchen von 1 bis 6, gekennzeichnet dadurch, daß es einen CFS (Kennziffer des Verfilzungsausmaßes in einem Programmablauf) von weniger als 0,4 % hat, gemessen entsprechend den I.E.C.-Vorschriften.
  8. Automatische oder halbautomatische Maschine zum Waschen textiler Artikel von der Art, die mit einer umlaufenden Trommel versehen ist, gekennzeichnet dadurch, daß sie mit Mitteln zur Steuerung der Umlaufgeschwindigkeit der Trommel mindestens teilweise während des Waschschrittes des Waschprogrammablaufes auf einen Wert, der gleich oder höher als die niedrigste Geschwindigkeit ist, die es erlaubt, die textilen Artikel an den Trommelwänden haftend zu halten, während die Artikel bei jeder Trommelumdrehung gleichzeitig mindestens teilweise in eine in dem Behälter und der Trommel der Waschmaschine vorgesehene Seifenlösung oder Wasser eintauchen, und mit Steuerungsmitteln versehen ist, um während der Wasch- und/oder Spülschritte die Umlaufgeschwindigkeit, die das Halten der Artikel an der Trommelwand erlaubt, mit Perioden stillstehender Trommel, hoher Umlaufgeschwindigkeit und verminderter Rotation abzuwechseln.
  9. Maschine zum Heißlufttrocknen textiler Artikel von der Art, die mit einer umlaufenden Trommel versehen ist, gekennzeichnet dadurch, daß sie mit Mitteln zur Steuerung der Umlaufgeschwindigkeit der Trommel mindestens teilweise während des Heißlufttrockenprogrammablaufes auf einen Wert versehen ist, der gleich oder höher als die niedrigste Geschwindigkeit ist, die es erlaubt, die textilen Artikel an den Trommelwänden haftend zu halten.
  10. Maschine nach Anspruch 8 oder 9, bei der die Trommel einen im Bereich zwischen 40 und 50 cm liegenden Durchmesser besitzt und die Steuerungsmittel eine Umlaufgeschwindigkeit innerhalb des Bereiches von 80 bis 240 U/min zur Verfügung stellen.
  11. Maschine nach den Ansprüchen 8 bis 10, bei der die Steuerungsmittel Mittel umfassen, um während der Schritte des Wasch- und/oder Trockenprogrammablaufes Perioden der Rotation der Trommel mit der ausgewählten Geschwindigkeit (80-240 U/min) mit Perioden hoher Geschwindigkeit (250-600 U/min) und Perioden keiner Rotation ("stillstehende Trommel") und/oder verminderter Rotation (20-40 U/min) abzuwechseln, wobei die Gesamtzeit der effektiven Bewegung der Artikel innerhalb des Bereiches von 20 bis 200 Sekunden liegt.
  12. Maschine nach den Ansprüchen 8 bis 11, gekennzeichnet dadurch, daß sie ein Wasch- und/oder Trockenprogramm umfaßt, das Wasch- und/oder Trockenschritte entsprechend den Ansprüchen von 1 bis 6 vorsieht.
  13. Verfahren zum Waschen von textilen Artikeln mit dem Vorbehalt, daß die textilen Artikel keine Wollartikel sind, mittels einer automatischen oder halbautomatischen Waschmaschine mit einer umlaufenden Trommel und bei Vorhandensein ruhender Seifenlösung oder Spülwassers innerhalb der Trommel und des Behälters der Waschmaschine, gekennzeichnet dadurch, daß mindestens während des Waschschrittes des Waschprogrammablaufes die Trommel mit einer Winkelgeschwindigkeit gedreht wird, die gleich oder höher als die niedrigste Geschwindigkeit ist, die es erlaubt, die Artikel an den Trommelwänden haftend zu halten, während die textilen Artikel bei jeder Umdrehung der Trommel gleichzeitig zeitweise und mindestens teilweise in die in der Trommel und in dem Behälter vorhandene Seifenlösung oder das Spülwasser eintauchen.
EP90111540A 1989-06-23 1990-06-19 Verfahren und Maschine zum Waschen und Trocknen von Textilwaren Expired - Lifetime EP0404047B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT8920965A IT1230903B (it) 1989-06-23 1989-06-23 Procedimento e macchina per il lavaggio e/o l'asciugatura di manufatti tessili.
IT2096589 1989-06-23

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0404047A1 EP0404047A1 (de) 1990-12-27
EP0404047B1 true EP0404047B1 (de) 1995-01-18

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90111540A Expired - Lifetime EP0404047B1 (de) 1989-06-23 1990-06-19 Verfahren und Maschine zum Waschen und Trocknen von Textilwaren

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EP (1) EP0404047B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE117385T1 (de)
DE (1) DE69016105T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2068946T3 (de)
IT (1) IT1230903B (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3276072B1 (de) 2016-07-26 2019-06-12 Miele & Cie. KG Verfahren zum behandeln von wäsche in einer wäschebehandlungsmaschine und wäschebehandlungsmaschine zum behandeln von wäsche

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4310595A1 (de) * 1993-03-31 1994-10-06 Bosch Siemens Hausgeraete Waschmaschine mit einer reversierend betriebenen Wäschetrommel
IT1275186B (it) * 1995-02-10 1997-07-30 Candy Spa Procedimento di lavaggio per macchina lavabiancheria
IT1308788B1 (it) † 1999-07-05 2002-01-10 Merloni Elettrodomestici Spa Metodo per il lavaggio di biancheria e macchina atta al lavaggio dibiancheria che implementa tale metodo.
ITVI20020272A1 (it) * 2002-12-18 2004-06-19 Tonello Srl Metodo e macchina a cestello rotante per il trattamento di lavaggio o di tintura di manufatti tessili.
ITTO20050454A1 (it) 2005-06-29 2006-12-30 Indesit Co Spa Elettrodomestico con dispositivo di bloccaggio per capi tessili
KR101085904B1 (ko) 2007-02-26 2011-11-23 삼성전자주식회사 세탁기 및 그 세탁제어방법
US9416478B2 (en) 2009-03-31 2016-08-16 Lg Electronics Inc. Washing machine and washing method
ITTO20101070A1 (it) * 2010-12-27 2012-06-28 Indesit Co Spa Procedimento e macchina per l'asciugatura di biancheria

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2432766A (en) * 1942-04-23 1947-12-16 Apex Electrical Mfg Co Apparatus for washing clothes
FR1364698A (fr) * 1963-05-13 1964-06-26 Procédé et appareil pour le traitement de tissus, notamment pour le lavage du linge
US3172278A (en) * 1963-07-09 1965-03-09 Maytag Co Fabric treating machine with drive means to effect a tumble, distribution and extraction operation
US3388410A (en) * 1967-09-11 1968-06-18 Donald E. Marshall Cleaning apparatus and method
FR2632329B1 (fr) * 1988-06-07 1991-09-06 Ciapem Procede de lavage du linge de laine, et machine a laver le linge mettant en oeuvre ce procede

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3276072B1 (de) 2016-07-26 2019-06-12 Miele & Cie. KG Verfahren zum behandeln von wäsche in einer wäschebehandlungsmaschine und wäschebehandlungsmaschine zum behandeln von wäsche

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT1230903B (it) 1991-11-08
ES2068946T3 (es) 1995-05-01
DE69016105D1 (de) 1995-03-02
ATE117385T1 (de) 1995-02-15
IT8920965A0 (it) 1989-06-23
EP0404047A1 (de) 1990-12-27
DE69016105T2 (de) 1995-08-24

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