EP0403089B1 - Dispositif et méthode pour entailler des feuilles - Google Patents

Dispositif et méthode pour entailler des feuilles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0403089B1
EP0403089B1 EP90305527A EP90305527A EP0403089B1 EP 0403089 B1 EP0403089 B1 EP 0403089B1 EP 90305527 A EP90305527 A EP 90305527A EP 90305527 A EP90305527 A EP 90305527A EP 0403089 B1 EP0403089 B1 EP 0403089B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
scoring
roll
rolls
sheet
nip
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP90305527A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0403089A2 (fr
EP0403089A3 (fr
Inventor
Roger Anthony Allen
John Mariner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Samuel Jones and Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Samuel Jones and Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GB898913564A external-priority patent/GB8913564D0/en
Priority claimed from GB898922361A external-priority patent/GB8922361D0/en
Application filed by Samuel Jones and Co Ltd filed Critical Samuel Jones and Co Ltd
Publication of EP0403089A2 publication Critical patent/EP0403089A2/fr
Publication of EP0403089A3 publication Critical patent/EP0403089A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0403089B1 publication Critical patent/EP0403089B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D3/00—Cutting work characterised by the nature of the cut made; Apparatus therefor
    • B26D3/08—Making a superficial cut in the surface of the work without removal of material, e.g. scoring, incising
    • B26D3/085—On sheet material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31F—MECHANICAL WORKING OR DEFORMATION OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31F1/00—Mechanical deformation without removing material, e.g. in combination with laminating
    • B31F1/08—Creasing
    • B31F1/10—Creasing by rotary tools

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method and apparatus for forming non-penetrative scored lines on sheet material, e.g. paper, more particularly, but not exclusively, for use in the manufacture of adhesive label laminates.
  • Adhesive label laminates usually consist of a release sheet or liner carrying a release coating, typically a silicone coating, which supports a label sheet having on its reverse a coating of pressure sensitive adhesive.
  • a release coating typically a silicone coating
  • the characteristics of the release coating ensure that one element of the laminate can be readily peeled from the other, and that the adhesive remains on the label sheet.
  • US-A-3,859,157 proposes as a solution to this problem the provision of scored lines of weakness on the reverse of the release liner.
  • the release liner cracks along the scored line to present two edges which can be gripped to peel the liner from the label.
  • the apparatus proposed in the above mentioned United States Patent Specification for the formation of such scored lines consists of two metal rolls which form a nip, with one of the rolls having a series of spaced parallel wires secured so as to extend axially, helically or circumferentially across the surface thereof.
  • Transverse, diagonal or longitudinal scored lines are formed on the label laminate by passing the release liner through the roll nip with the non release coated face presented for engagement with the wires. The nip pressure is sufficient to compact the paper along the scored lines and to render the paper locally weakened.
  • US-A-4,678,457 teaches the replacement of the metal roll of US-A-3,859,157 which carries circumferential scoring wires with a series of spaced and independently mounted rotary crush scoring knives extending in spaced relation across the width of the smooth metal backing roll, and each formed with a rounded crushing edge.
  • US-A-4,698,052 teaches the replacement of the metal backing roll of US-A-3,859,157 with a series of spaced and independently mounted anvil rollers extending in staggered relation across the width of the wire wound metal scoring roll.
  • the crush scoring knives of US-A-4,678,457 and the anvil rollers of US-A-4,698,052 are each carried in a mounting bracket which is biased towards the co-operating backing or scoring roller by air pressure, but which is mounted in such a manner that movement towards or away from the co-operating roller is in an essentially friction-free manner.
  • a method of forming a scored line on a sheet of scorable material comprising the step of passing the sheet through the nip of a pair of contra-rotating rolls, one of which rolls is an anvil roll having a hard surface, and the other of which rolls is a scoring roll having a hard surface with at least one scoring element thereon said scoring element being a tensioned wire, characterised in that the said scoring roll has a resilient surface having a Shore D hardness in the range 60° to 85° and in that the scoring roll has the said at least one scoring element extending over its surface. It has been found that by this method the scoring element is pressed evenly into the sheet to be scored irrespective of the normally occurring variations in thickness of the sheet as described previously. It is assumed that during the scoring process the scoring element resiliently deforms the resilient surface of one of the rolls to a varying extent to compensate for the varying thickness of the sheet so that the scoring remains substantially constant.
  • the Shore D hardness is measured according to International Standard ISO 868-1978 (British Standard BS2782:Part 3:Method 365B:1981 or Standard D2240 of the American Society for Testing Materials).
  • the method comprises the step of applying pressure to the rolls to control the nip.
  • the nip force of the rolls will preferably lie in the range 313 to 717 Newtons per wire when scoring sheets of paper.
  • the method comprises the preliminary step of adjusting the pair of rolls so that the axis of one of them is disposed either upstream or downstream with respect to the axis of the other roll to a small extent e.g. by an amount of around 1 mm.
  • the method may comprise the preliminary step of arranging the hard roll to form a nip only with its central portion so as to leave marginal portions of the sheet unscored.
  • the method may comprise the preliminary step of skewing the axes of the pair of rolls relative to one another to a small extent or for example one or two degrees.
  • the method may comprise the preliminary step of wrapping a scoring element helically round the resilient roll and tensioning the scoring element.
  • the invention provides a method of making a laminate for use in making a label or the like from a paper fibrous material layer, comprising the steps of applying a liquid release coating to one surface of the paper layer and drying it thereon, thereafter forming a plurality of weakened reduced thickness score lines in the other surface of the paper layer by passing the paper layer through the nip of a pair of contra-rotating rolls, one of which rolls has a hard surface and the other of which rolls has a resilient surface having a Shore D hardness in the range 60° to 85°, and wherein the roll having a resilient surface has at least one scoring element extending over its surface, the said scoring element being a tensioned wire, and finally laminating a layer of adhesive and a face sheet to said paper layer, said adhesive layer being intermediate the paper layer and the sheet and being bonded to the said one surface of the paper layer.
  • the invention provides apparatus for scoring sheet material comprising a rotatably mounted scoring roll having at least one linear scoring element (17) in the form of a tensioned wire thereon, a co-operating rotatably mounted anvil roll having a hard surface, the rolls forming a hip through which scorable material can be passed for the formation of scored lines thereon, characterised by said scoring roll having said at least one linear scoring element extending over a resilient surface layer on said scoring roll, and said resilient surface layer having Shore D hardness in the range 60° to 85°.
  • the hardness is measured according to International Standard ISO 868-1978 (British Standard BS2782:Part 3:Method 365B:1981 or Standard D2240 of the American Society for Testing Materials).
  • the required depth of score will vary depending upon the material being scored and the purpose for which the score is being applied. Furthermore, for any particular material being scored, variations in the depth of score within certain limits are in practice acceptable. The term "required depth” is understood as being any depth of score within such acceptable limitations.
  • the scoring and anvil rolls are made of steel and the resilient material is preferably polyurethane.
  • the resilient material has a Shore D hardness of about 70° to about 80° measured as specified above and optimally the hardness is about 75°.
  • a resilient surface layer having a hardness of less than 60° results in uncontrollable variability in the scored lines, and generally to underscoring. If the hardness is greater than 85°, the roll system is insufficiently sensitive to variations in laminate thickness and over or under scoring results.
  • the rolls may be disposed with their axes extending horizontally and with the anvil roll positioned substantially vertically above the scoring roll.
  • the axis of the anvil roll may be offset slightly upstream or downstream on the axis of the scoring roll in the direction of sheet movement, for example by an amount of 1 mm. Such an offset has been found to afford increased stability of operation.
  • the anvil roll is also formed with a central land which forms the nip with the scoring roll so that scoring is not effected across the full width of the scored web.
  • This has been found to give more reliable operation, in that the full tensile strength of the web is present at the web edge, so reducing the chance of the web breaking.
  • the axis of the anvil or scoring roll may be skewed very slightly, for example by 1° or 2° with respect to the axis of the other roll, the amount of skew depending on the length of the rolls. Such skewing can sometimes improve the pressure distribution across the nip, depending on the length, diameter and degree of flexibility, perpendicular to their axes, of the scoring and anvil rolls.
  • the linear scoring elements preferably present a radiused edge, having a diameter of about 1.2 mm.
  • wire such as 18 gauge piano wire, having a diameter of 1.15 mm, has been found to be satisfactory and that simple tensioning of such wire across the surface of the roll affords adequate stability.
  • the use of linear scoring elements which have too small a diameter, for example 0.5 mm or the use of linear scoring elements of too great a diameter, for example 2.0 mm will require different and excessive nip pressures in order to achieve scoring. Also the performance of the final product may not be as acceptable.
  • the linear scoring elements are preferably straight and extend in parallel relation across the surface of the scoring roll. However, the use of divergent or convergent elements is not excluded, provided that they do not intersect.
  • the linear scoring elements may also have other configurations, for example a sinusoidal configuration.
  • Circumferentially extending linear scoring elements may be used for the formation of longitudinal score lines in the sheet, provided that they extend across a resilient surface formed on the roll in accordance with the invention. If the wires are applied circumferentially to a metal surfaced roll, wire movement may otherwise take place as a result of slackening caused by localised stretching produced when the wire is subjected to nip pressure.
  • the apparatus 1 shown comprises a pair of vertical side frames 2 each formed with a vertical slideway 3 at the upper end and a horizontal slideway 4 at the lower end.
  • a roll 5 comprises a cylindrical steel shell 6 extending between end plates 7, the end plates 7 being carried on stub shafts 8.
  • the stub shafts 8 are journalled for rotation in bearing blocks 9 having horizontal slideways grooves 10 co-operable with the horizontal slideways 4.
  • the bearing blocks 9 are secured in the required position in the slideways 4 by conventional jacking bolts (not shown) whereby the axis of rotation of the roll 5 can be shifted in a horizontal plane.
  • the surface of the cylindrical shell 6 carries a resilient sheath 11, 12 mm thick, of polyurethane resin.
  • the cured resin has Shore D hardness of around 75° measured according to International Standard ISO 868-1978 (British Standard BS2782:Part 3:Method 365B:1981 or Standard D2240 of the American Society for Testing Materials).
  • the stub shaft 8 has a flanged boss 12 secured thereon, with the flange 13 thereof having a diameter slightly larger than that of the cylindrical shell 6.
  • a series of regularly spaced small axially extending apertures are formed in the flange 13 near the periphery thereof, with each hole being intersected by a threaded radial hole (not shown) in which a grub screw (not shown) is engaged.
  • a further boss 14 is secured on the other stub shaft 8.
  • the boss 14 carries two flanges, 15 and 16.
  • the flange 15 has secured in the periphery thereof a series of radially extending and regularly spaced steel pins (not shown) formed with apertures extending parallel to the axis of the roll 5.
  • the flange 16 is formed with axially extending and regularly spaced threaded radial holes (not shown) each fitted with a grub screw essentially as described with reference to the flanged boss 12.
  • a series of 18 gauge wires (1.2 mm in diameter) are passed through the axial holes in the flange 13 and the wire ends secured therein by tightening the grub screws.
  • the wires are laid helically and in parallel relation across the surface of the polyurethane coating 11 and at an angle of 45° to the axis of the roll 5.
  • the wires are passed around the radially extending pins located in the flange 15 and then through the axially extending apertures in the flange 16, where, after tensioning, they are secured by tightening the grub screws.
  • the wires could alternatively be tensioned with springs as shown in the prior art.
  • a hardened steel roll 20 having reduced diameter ends so as to leave a central land 21.
  • the roll 20 is carried on stub shafts 22 rotatably mounted in vertically slidable bearing blocks 23.
  • the bearing blocks 23 are formed with slideway grooves 26 and are mounted for vertical sliding movement in the slideways 3 of the frames 2, and are connected by piston rods 24 to pneumatic piston and cylinder units 25.
  • the piston and cylinder units 25 are of a conventional kind. Appropriate control of air pressure facilitates raising or lowering of the roll 20 and generation of nip pressure when a nip is formed between the rolls 5 and 20.
  • FIG 3 shows the essential features of the apparatus of Figures 1 and 2 when in use to form diagonal scored lines on the reverse of a release sheet 30.
  • the sheet 30 is fed through a nip formed between the rotating rolls 20 and 5 at which nip pressure is generated by the pneumatic piston and cylinder units 25.
  • the wires 17 generate diagonal scored lines 31 on the release sheet 30, the scored lines extending across a width corresponding to the width of the land 21. Due to the resilience of the layer 11, continuous scored lines of the required depth are formed.
  • the scoring process can be fine tuned by adjusting the position of the roll 5 with respect to the roll 20 either upstream or downstream to a small extent, e.g. by 1 mm, and/or by skewing the axis of the roll 5 slightly, e.g. by 1 or 2 degrees, relative to the axis of the roll 20. This adjustment is carried out by moving the positions of the bearing blocks 9 in the slideways 4.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
  • Sheets, Magazines, And Separation Thereof (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Making Paper Articles (AREA)
  • Machines For Manufacturing Corrugated Board In Mechanical Paper-Making Processes (AREA)
  • Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
  • Slide Fasteners, Snap Fasteners, And Hook Fasteners (AREA)
  • Shaping Of Tube Ends By Bending Or Straightening (AREA)

Claims (18)

  1. Procédé pour réaliser une ligne d'incision (31) dans une feuille (30) de matière, consistant à faire passer la feuille (30) dans l'interstice de serrage d'une paire de rouleaux (5,20) qui tournent en sens opposés, l'un de ces rouleaux (20) jouant le rôle d'enclume et présentant une surface dure, et l'autre rouleau (5) jouant le rôle de rouleau d'incision et présentant une surface dure sur laquelle est disposé au moins un organe d'incision (17) constitué par un fil métallique (17) sous tension, caractérisé en ce que le rouleau d'incision (5) présente une surface élastique (11) ayant une dureté Shore D comprise entre 60° et 85°, et en ce que sur le rouleau d'incision (5) chaque organe d'incision (17) s'étend sur la surface élastique (11) du rouleau.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'on applique un effort d'appui sur les rouleaux (5,20) afin de contrôler l'interstice de serrage existant entre ces rouleaux.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que l'effort de serrage entre les deux rouleaux (5,20) est compris entre 313 et 717 Newtons par organe d'incision (17).
  4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce qu'on règle la position des deux rouleaux (5,20) pour décaler l'axe d'un rouleau par rapport à l'axe de l'autre rouleau.
  5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'on aménage le rouleau dur (20) pour que l'interstice de serrage existe seulement en regard de la partie centrale (21) de ce rouleau, afin de laisser intactes, sans incisions, des parties marginales de la feuille à traiter (30).
  6. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'on dispose les axes des deux rouleaux (5,20) en biais l'un par rapport à l'autre.
  7. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le rouleau élastique (5) comporte un organe d'incision (17) disposé en hélice et sous tension autour de ce rouleau.
  8. Procédé pour fabriquer une feuille composite laminée destinée à réaliser une étiquette ou un article analogue à partir d'une feuille de papier, comportant les phases opératoires suivantes: on applique sur une face de la feuille de papier (30) un enduit liquide anti-adhésif, et on sèche cet enduit sur la feuille, après quoi on opère suivant le procédé défini par l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes pour pratiquer sur l'autre face de la feuille de papier (30) une série de lignes d'incision (31) à l'endroit desquelles le papier est affaibli par réduction d'épaisseur, et on applique par laminage sur la feuille de papier (30) une couche d'adhésif et une feuille de façade, cette couche d'adhésif se trouvant disposée entre la feuille de papier et la feuille de façade, et fixée par collage provisoire à la face de la feuille de papier précédemment traitée avec l'enduit anti-adhésif.
  9. Dispositif pour réaliser des incisions dans une feuille de matière, comportant un rouleau d'incision (5) monté rotativement et pourvu d'au moins un organe d'incision linéaire (17) constitué par un fil métallique tendu disposé sur ce rouleau, un rouleau-enclume (20) pourvu d'une surface dure, monté rotativement et prévu pour coopérer avec le premier rouleau (5), un interstice de serrage étant réalisé entre les deux rouleaux (5,20) pour le passage d'une feuille de matière appropriée (30) sur laquelle on veut réaliser des lignes d'incision (31), caractérisé en ce que le rouleau d'incision (5) comporte superficiellement une couche de matière élastique ayant une dureté comprise entre 60° et 85° Shore D, et en ce que chaque organe d'incision linéaire (17) s'étend sur toute la couche élastique (11) prévue à la surface du rouleau d'incision (5).
  10. Dispositif selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que les organes linéaires d'incision (17) sont constitués par une série de fils métalliques ayant un diamètre de 1,1 à 1,4 mm, montés sous tension, sensiblement parallèles entre eux, et s'étendant hélicoïdalement en travers de la couche surperficielle de matière élastique (11).
  11. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 9 ou 10, caractérisé en ce que la couche superficielle de matière élastique (11) est constituée de polyuréthane.
  12. Dispositif selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que la matière élastique présente une dureté Shore D comprise entre 70° et 80°.
  13. Dispositif selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que la matière élastique présente une dureté Shore D d'environ 75°.
  14. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 9 à 13, caractérisé en ce que les axes des rouleaux (5,20) sont disposés horizontalement, le rouleau-enclume (20) étant placé sensiblement à la verticale au-dessus du rouleau d'incision (5).
  15. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 9 à 14, caractérisé en ce que l'axe du rouleau-enclume (20) est décalé par rapport à l'axe du rouleau d'incision (5).
  16. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 9 à 15, caractérisé en ce que le rouleau-enclume (20) comporte une plage centrale d'appui (21) qui définit l'interstice de serrage formé avec le rouleau d'incision (5) de manière à ne pas effectuer les incisions sur toute la largeur de la feuille à traiter (30).
  17. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 9 à 16, caractérisé en ce que l'axe de l'un des rouleaux (5,20) est disposé en biais par rapport à l'axe de l'autre rouleau (20,5).
  18. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 9 à 17, caractérisé en ce que les organes linéaires d'incision (17) présentent une arête arrondie.
EP90305527A 1989-06-13 1990-05-22 Dispositif et méthode pour entailler des feuilles Expired - Lifetime EP0403089B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8913564 1989-06-13
GB898913564A GB8913564D0 (en) 1989-06-13 1989-06-13 Apparatus for forming scored lines on sheet material
GB898922361A GB8922361D0 (en) 1989-10-04 1989-10-04 Method and apparatus for forming scored lines on sheet material
GB8922361 1989-10-04

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0403089A2 EP0403089A2 (fr) 1990-12-19
EP0403089A3 EP0403089A3 (fr) 1991-10-23
EP0403089B1 true EP0403089B1 (fr) 1995-02-15

Family

ID=26295476

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90305527A Expired - Lifetime EP0403089B1 (fr) 1989-06-13 1990-05-22 Dispositif et méthode pour entailler des feuilles

Country Status (8)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0403089B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE118394T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE69016843T2 (fr)
ES (1) ES2068338T3 (fr)
FI (1) FI902916A0 (fr)
GR (1) GR3015067T3 (fr)
IN (1) IN177316B (fr)
NZ (1) NZ233960A (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104816968A (zh) * 2015-04-29 2015-08-05 中国重型机械研究院股份公司 一种双导向开式机架夹送机构

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5082310A (en) * 1989-11-06 1992-01-21 Tip Engineering Group, Inc. Arrangement for providing an air bag deployment opening
DE19930897C1 (de) * 1999-07-05 2001-05-03 Gevas Verpackungsmaschinen Gmbh Warenbahn mit durch Trennlinien aufgeteilten, abreißbaren Streifen und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung der Trennlinien in der Warenbahn
ITTO20040826A1 (it) 2004-11-23 2005-02-23 Petratto Srl Macchina cordonatrice-piegatrice per la realizzazione di articoli cartotecnici e di legatoria
ES2332689B1 (es) * 2008-04-30 2011-02-04 Manuel Ballester Escobar Maquina marcadora de patatas para asar.
NL2005579C2 (nl) * 2010-01-14 2011-01-18 Label Line B V Werkwijze en inrichting voor het verpakken van een product en een verpakt product.
WO2011090373A1 (fr) * 2010-01-19 2011-07-28 Easy2Open B.V Procédé et dispositif de conditionnement d'un produit, et produit conditionné
CN114643389B (zh) * 2022-03-02 2023-08-01 国网福建省电力有限公司 一种配件刻痕装置及其工作方法

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3264978A (en) * 1964-08-11 1966-08-09 Philip Morris Inc Rotary embossing machines
US3900645A (en) * 1967-12-11 1975-08-19 Morgan Adhesives Co Scored adhesive laminate
US3731600A (en) * 1971-03-16 1973-05-08 Ex Cell O Corp Resilient female scoring
US4226150A (en) * 1978-08-15 1980-10-07 Avery International Corporation Deflectable bearer roll
US4698052A (en) * 1985-12-04 1987-10-06 Avery International Corporation Apparatus for constant pressure diagonal-web crush-scoring

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104816968A (zh) * 2015-04-29 2015-08-05 中国重型机械研究院股份公司 一种双导向开式机架夹送机构
CN104816968B (zh) * 2015-04-29 2017-01-25 中国重型机械研究院股份公司 一种双导向开式机架夹送机构

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69016843T2 (de) 1995-06-08
IN177316B (fr) 1996-12-28
NZ233960A (en) 1992-03-26
GR3015067T3 (en) 1995-05-31
ATE118394T1 (de) 1995-03-15
AU5510290A (en) 1990-12-20
EP0403089A2 (fr) 1990-12-19
DE69016843D1 (de) 1995-03-23
AU627305B2 (en) 1992-08-20
FI902916A0 (fi) 1990-06-11
EP0403089A3 (fr) 1991-10-23
ES2068338T3 (es) 1995-04-16

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