EP0399952A1 - Strip for making a construction watertight - Google Patents

Abstract

For sealing or covering openings in a construction, a permanently elastic strip consisting of a base layer (1) and a foamed-material layer (2) of open-cell foam structure is used. The foamed-material layer (2) is, on the one hand, watertight and allows, on the other hand, water vapour to pass through. The foamed-material layer is preferably composed of PVC and has a diffusion resistance value (SD) equal to or less than 1.3 m. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a permanently elastic web for sealing a building and the use of a material web according to claim 17.

Permanently elastic material webs for sealing structural joints have been known and used for many years. For example, the German utility model G 77 03 332 a sealing strip for joints between components, in which the surface of the tape is provided with corrugations in the area of the bond. The basis for the formation of such seals is DIN 1854 018 540 (October 1973) for the Federal Republic of Germany.

From German utility model G 81 34 333 it is known to provide permanently elastic tapes for joints with a stretchable fabric. The fabric is embedded just below the surface and is used, among other things, to protect the tape against mechanical stress, e.g. to make them more resistant when walking.

For sealing larger openings, especially in the area of pitched roofs, material webs with different characteristics are mainly used today: The sealing on the inside is carried out by means of a vapor barrier. Mostly polyolefin (polyethylene) foils are applied under thermal insulation materials. The diffusion resistance of such vapor barriers is approximately S _D ≧ 130 m.

Sealing to the outside, that is mostly above the thermal insulation, is often implemented today with sealing sheets with a diffusion resistance S _D between 1.3 and 130 m. Such

Material webs are classified as a "vapor barrier". It is necessary to provide a cavity between the sealing membrane and the roof skin.

To improve the vapor permeability of sealing membranes, they are perforated mechanically or by electrical spark discharge. Such perforated sheets can be welded with the usual methods (hot air or heating wedge). Such a weldability is important with regard to the reliable and permanent connection of several webs. The perforation of the webs is, on the one hand, quite complex and, on the other hand, there are only selective vapor passages in the perforation area, which can lead to condensation in the event of more steam.

The problem with all known waterproofing membranes for sealing buildings (in the form of narrow or wide membranes) is the partially opposing requirement for the sealing behavior. For example, Polysulfide rubber or polyurethane good permanently elastic joint tapes. However, these bands tend to condense.

The object of the invention is to avoid the disadvantages of the known, in particular to propose a web for sealing a building that is simple and economical to manufacture, has sufficient mechanical strength for the intended use, is waterproof and still avoids problems caused by trapped water vapor.

According to the invention, this is achieved primarily by a material web according to the characterizing part of claim 1.

In its approach, the invention deliberately and surprisingly turns away from the prior art: Instead of the mechanically stressable, permanently elastic tape used for sealing tapes, for example according to DE-GM 81 34 333 is provided on the surface with a fabric for protection, the invention proposes the use of a sheet of open-cell foam. It has been shown according to the invention that open-cell foam is outstandingly suitable as a cover sheet: on the one hand, the foam layer ensures sufficient water-tightness, for example against rainwater. On the other hand, the open-cell structure allows optimal steam passage, so that moisture that has penetrated can quickly escape through the web. In the area of the connection, especially the gluing to the structure, the web has a carrier layer, which ensures the required strength. The carrier layer can optimally also be used as a substrate during production, ie when the foam layer is foamed. In addition, the backing layer absorbs mechanical forces when welding or gluing and, for example, also when the sealed opening is changed by stretching, so that the foam layer is protected from destruction.

Nevertheless, the web can be welded using thermoplastic material for the foam layer.

The use of a textile backing layer, particularly a knitted fabric or a nonwoven, is particularly advantageous. The fleece or the knitted fabric can be produced in such a way that the extensibility, above all also the direction of stretch of the carrier layer, roughly corresponds to the extensibility of the foam layer. Before the foam layer can tear under load, the backing layer absorbs the mechanical forces. Depending on the application, especially if less demands are made on the elasticity and elasticity of the tape, a fabric, a fleece, a paper layer or another carrier material can also be used.

The web according to the invention can be particularly advantageous Manufacture if a fleece is used as the carrier layer, which is immersed in a flowable, prepared thermoplastic material and coated in the process.

Foamed PVC is particularly suitable as a foam layer with regard to economical production, diffusion and durability. The open-cell structure of the foam can be achieved particularly reliably using a mechanical gassing process.

Depending on the application, other plastics can also be used, e.g. Latex made of polyurethane or acrylate can be used advantageously.

The use of foam layers with a diffusion resistance value S _D of 1.3 m or less has proven particularly useful. According to SIA Standard 280, Test No. 5, the diffusion resistance (the diffusion-equivalent air layer thickness) S _{D is} calculated from µ xd, where µ is the diffusion resistance number and d is the material thickness in m.

Carrier layers with a diffusion resistance of S _D = 0.050 to 1.0 m can be used very particularly advantageously for the invention.

Foam layers with good mechanical properties with diffusion properties according to the invention can be produced if the foam layer is 0.4 to 1.3 mm, preferably 0.5 to 0.9 mm thick.

• Figur 1 die schematische Darstellung eines dauerelastischen Bandes mit den Merkmalen der Erfindung,
• Figur 2 die schematische Schnittdarstellung einer Bauwerks­fuge, die mit einem erfindungsgemässen Band abge dichtet ist,
• Figur 3 ein abgewandeltes Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung.
• Figur 4 die schematische Darstellung einer Dach-Dichtungs­bahn mit den Merkmalen der Erfindung, und Figur 5 die Anordnung gemäss Figur 4 in der Draufsicht.

The invention is explained below in exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawings. Show it:

• FIG. 1 shows the schematic representation of a permanently elastic band with the features of the invention,
• FIG. 2 shows the schematic sectional illustration of a structural joint which is sealed with a tape according to the invention,
• Figure 3 shows a modified embodiment of the invention.
• Figure 4 is a schematic representation of a roof sealing membrane with the features of the invention, and Figure 5 shows the arrangement according to Figure 4 in plan view.

According to FIG. 1, a foam layer 2 made of an open-cell PVC foam is applied to a carrier layer 1 made of a knitted fabric made of synthetic fibers. The carrier layer 1 is rot-proof due to the synthetic fiber material used. In addition, it is vapor-permeable in every respect, so that it forms practically no resistance to water vapor passing through. The carrier layer 1 is approximately 0.25 to 0.50 mm thick. The foam layer 2 is embedded in the surface of the knitted fabric of the carrier layer 1. The total thickness of the tape is preferably about 0.75 mm.

The PVC foam is open-celled with a size of the individual cells of approximately 0.002 mm to 0.1 mm.

To seal structural joints, the joint edges are coated with an adhesive or contact adhesive, whereupon the permanently elastic tape with the backing layer 1 is applied to the joint area and glued there.

FIG. 2 shows a modified exemplary embodiment, in which a permanently elastic layer 3 was already applied to the underside of the carrier layer 1 during the production process. The tape is supplied ready for gluing and there is no need to apply glue. As can be seen from FIG. 2, the tape with the backing layer 1 is glued onto the two structural parts 4 and 5, so that the tape is held in the area of the joint 6 by the carrier layer 1. Mechanical stress, for example due to changes in the spacing of the structural parts 4 and 5 due to thermal expansion, is absorbed by the carrier layer 1. Due to the knitted fabric used, the carrier layer 1 is sufficiently elastic. Water vapor in the joint 6 can easily pass through the carrier layer 1 and the open-cell foam layer 2, so that the joint 6 is reliably dehumidified. The foam density of the PVC foam of the foam layer 2 according to FIG. 2 is 0.60 to 0.90 g / ml, which gives excellent diffusion properties with good mechanical strength and reliable watertightness.

FIG. 3 shows a permanently elastic tape with backing layer 1 and foam layer 2 analogous to the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2. Two adhesive layers 3 are applied at intervals on the underside of the backing layer 1. Each of the layers 3 is covered by a cover strip 7, which prevents the layer 3 from drying out or losing its adhesive properties. Only immediately before application to structural parts 4 and 5 is the strip 7 removed from each of the adhesive layers 3.

Figure 4 shows the schematic representation of an under-roof waterproofing membrane in cross section. A glass fleece is provided as carrier layer 1, which has been coated by dipping with a foam layer 2 made of open-cell EVA foam. To reinforce the glass fleece, a scrim 1 a or a fabric made of synthetic fibers is provided, which is attached to the fleece 1 on one side. It can be seen from FIG. 5 that the scrim 1 a can absorb tensile stresses and thus relieves the load on the fleece 1. The scrim 1 a offers practically no resistance to the passage of steam. The fleece 1 is also extremely breathable and also elastic.

The glass fleece is also rot-proof and, from this point of view, also ideally suited for the application. The scrim or knitted fabric 1 a can be placed on the fleece 1 or otherwise connected to it. E.g. it could be sewn on. It would also be advantageous to design the backing layer 1 as a knitted fabric or as a knitted fabric (e.g. Malimo technique).

The carrier layer 1 can also be a nonwoven made of natural fibers, e.g. Cotton, cellulose or a mixture of natural fibers and synthetic fibers or with a reinforcing fabric or scrim made of synthetic fibers.

The open-cell foam layer 2 is produced by foaming mechanically incorporated air (whipped foam method). In contrast to the blowing agent foaming, in which a blowing agent gas is split off in the heat, which leads to predominantly closed foam structures, foamed structures with very high open cells are achieved with mechanically incorporated air.

To produce the foam layer 2 according to the invention, it is therefore proposed to incorporate compressed air into plastisols or dispersions. The incorporation should take place in such a way that there is an even distribution and thus an even porosity. Known systems for foam production in this way can be used. These usually work according to the so-called rotor / stator system. The dispersion announced by a pump or the plastisol is intimately mixed with air in a mixer head, which is composed of a stator and a rotor. The stator and rotor are provided with pins for foam formation. Such mixer heads are also often cooled.

The open-celled whipped foam can also be applied to the carrier substrate by coating or brushing instead of by dipping. Such foams can also be made from latices on a different thermoplastic basis, e.g. B. from polymers of urethanes, acrylates or copolymers of ethylene (EVA) and mixtures thereof.

The new sheet can be made particularly watertight or particularly reliably watertight if a lacquer or impregnation is also provided on the surface at least on one side (on the outside). Polymers of VCVA copolymers, acrylate, urethane, silicones or ethylene copolymers as well as their mixtures have proven successful.

Acrylatschaum 100 Tle Acrylsäure-Styrol-Copolymer x 1 1.5 Tle Acrylat-Verdicker 1 Tle Verschäumer x 2 7 Tle Schaumstabilisator x 3 0.5 Tle Wärmestabilisator x 4 1.5 Tensid/Emulgator x 5 0.3 Tle Riechstoff-Emulsion x 6 9 Tle Wässrige Pigment-Dispersionen x1 = Acralen ATR x2 = Dicrylan Verschäumer P x3 = Dicrylan Stabilisator F x4 = Coagulant WS x5 = Emulvin W x6 = Rubberol L Ethylenvinylactetat Copolymer-Schaum 100 Tle Ethylen-Vinylactetat Copolymer x 1 1.2 Tle Verschäumer x 2 8.5 Tle Schaumstabilisator x 3 1.8 Tle Tenside / Emulgator x 4 0.3 Tle Sterisch gehindertes Antioxidant x 5 0.2 Tle Lichtschutzmittel der Benzotriazolklasse x 6 6 Tle Ethylen bis Tetrabromphtalimid x 7 5 Tle Antimonoxid 1 Tle Mikrobiozid x 8 9.5 Tle Wässrige Pigment-Dispersion x1 = Vinnopas EP 17 x2 = Dicrylan Verschäumer P x2= Dicrylan Stabilisator F x4 = Emulvin W x5 = Jrganox 1076 x6 = Tinuvin 320 x7 = Saytex BT 93 x8 = Intercide ABF Polyurethan-Schaum 100 Tle Polyurethan-Dispersion x1 1.2 Tle Verdicker 1.0 Tle Verschäumer x2 7 Tle Schaumstabilisator x3 1.5 Tle Tensid/Emulgator x4 0.3 Tle Sterisch gehindertes Antioxidant x5 0.2 Tle Lichtschutzmittel der Benzotriazolklasse x6 4 Tle Ethylen bis Tetrabromphtalimid x7 4 Tle Antimonoxid 1 Tle Mikrobiozid x8 6.8 Tle Wässrige Pigment-Dispersionen x1 = Acralen KA 8104 : BASF x2 = Dicrylan Verschäumer P x3 = Dicrylan-Stabilisator F x4 = Emulvin W x5 = Jrganox 1010 x6 = Tinuvin 320 x7 = Saytex BT 93 x8 = Intercide ABF The following mixtures result in particularly suitable compounds for the production of open-pored whipped foams: PVC foam paste 100 parts paste PVC 45 parts of diisodecyl phthalate 27 parts of butylbenzyl phthalate x 1 4 parts microbicide: 10.10-oxy-bis-phenoxyarsine 1% in epoxidized soybean oil x 2 2.5 parts of barium zinc stabilizer x 3 20 parts reinforcement, chalk x 4 2.6 parts silicone foam stabilizer x 5 9 parts of flame retardant antimony oxide 0.77 parts of dyes x1 = Santicizer 160, from Monsanto x2 = Intercide ABF, AKZO x3 = Master BZ 2051, Master x4 = Calibrite, Plüss Staufer x5 = foam stabilizer A32, from Wacker

Acrylic foam 100 parts acrylic styrene copolymer x 1 1.5 parts acrylic thickener 1 part foamer x 2 7 parts foam stabilizer x 3 0.5 parts heat stabilizer x 4 1.5 surfactant / emulsifier x 5 0.3 parts of fragrance emulsion x 6 9 parts aqueous pigment dispersions x1 = Acralen ATR x2 = Dicrylan foamer P x3 = dicrylan stabilizer F x4 = Coagulant WS x5 = Emulvin W x6 = Rubberol L Ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer foam 100 parts ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer x 1 1.2 Tle foamer x 2 8.5 Tle foam stabilizer x 3 1.8 Tle surfactants / emulsifier x 4 0.3 Tle Sterically hindered antioxidant x 5 0.2 parts of light stabilizers of the benzotriazole class x 6 6 parts ethylene to tetrabromophthalimide x 7 5 parts of antimony oxide 1 part microbicide x 8 9.5 parts of aqueous pigment dispersion x1 = Vinnopas EP 17 x2 = Dicrylan foamer P x2 = dicrylan stabilizer F x4 = Emulvin W x5 = Jrganox 1076 x6 = Tinuvin 320 x7 = Saytex BT 93 x8 = Intercide ABF Polyurethane foam 100 parts polyurethane dispersion x1 1.2 parts thickener 1.0 Tle foamer x2 7 parts foam stabilizer x3 1.5 parts of surfactant / emulsifier x4 0.3 Tle Sterically hindered antioxidant x5 0.2 parts of light stabilizers of the benzotriazole class x6 4 parts ethylene to tetrabromophthalimide x7 4 parts of antimony oxide 1 part microbicide x8 6.8 parts of aqueous pigment dispersions x1 = Acralen KA 8104: BASF x2 = Dicrylan foamer P x3 = dicrylan stabilizer F x4 = Emulvin W x5 = Jrganox 1010 x6 = Tinuvin 320 x7 = Saytex BT 93 x8 = Intercide ABF

The blow foams in the various examples have enclosed air bubbles in the order of magnitude of 0.002 mm to 0.30 mm.

The blow foams were produced in a dynamic foam machine of the type AIR-O-Matic, S1500.

Of course, the joint tapes according to FIGS. 1-3 can also be made wider in order to be used for sealing steep roofs or walls. It is also provided that the sheets according to FIGS. 4 and 5 are designed as narrow strips for sealing joints.

Claims (16)

1. membrane for sealing a building (6), characterized by a carrier layer (1) and an applied foam layer (2) with an open-cell foam structure. 2. Web according to claim 1, characterized in that the carrier layer (1) is a textile fabric. 3. Web according to claim 2, characterized in that the carrier layer (1) is a knitted fabric. 4. Web according to claim 3, characterized in that the carrier layer (1) is a nonwoven. 5. Web according to claim 4, characterized in that the fleece contains glass fibers. 6. Web according to claim 4, characterized in that the nonwoven contains natural fibers made of cotton and / or rayon. 7. Web according to one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that fleece is reinforced by a scrim or fabric of synthetic fibers. 8. Web according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the foam layer (2) is an open-cell PVC foam. 9. Web according to claim 8, characterized in that the open-cell foam layer (2) is made of a latex made of thermoplastic material. 10. Web according to claim 9, characterized in that the thermoplastic material polymer of urethane and / or Contains acrylates and / or copolymers of ethylene (EVA) or vinyl chloride (VSVAC). 11. Web according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the foam layer (2) has a diffusion resistance value (S _D ) which is equal to or less than 1.3 m. 12. Web according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the foam layer (2) is 0.4 to 1.3 mm thick. 13. Web according to claim 12, characterized in that the foam layer (2) is 0.5 to 0.9 mm thick. 14. Web according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the side of the carrier layer (1) opposite the foam layer (2), at least in sections, an adhesive layer (3) for connecting the tape to the structural parts (5, 6) is provided. 15. Web according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is provided at least on one side with a water-repellent coating. 16. Use of a material web with a backing layer, in particular a textile fabric, and an open-cell foam layer provided thereon for sealing buildings against water ingress.

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