EP2411593B1 - Method for producing a functional layer of a building shell, and building shell and functional layer - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a functional layer of a building envelope, a building envelope with such a functional layer and a method for producing a functional layer of a building envelope.

Nowadays roofs and facades, ie the building envelope, are subject to high demands due to internal and external influencing factors. External influencing factors are water in liquid form (rain, snow, condensation water, etc.), but also dust, dirt and insects, which are driven or penetrated by cracks and joints of the covering material. As a result, the underlying layers can be unduly moistened, polluted and / or damaged. Internal influencing factors z. B. are water vapor convection or diffusion, which can lead to unacceptably high dew or condensation.

In order to protect the overall construction from the aforementioned influencing factors, building composite foils are nowadays laid. As a rule, underfloor, underfloor and façade membranes are used to protect against the external factors influencing air and vapor barriers / brakes. Depending on the climatic conditions in this case, the reverse arrangement may be useful. Depending on the material used in the composite construction films different properties are required, for. Water permeability and water vapor permeability (sd value), depending on the requirements, between vapor-permeable (sd value between 0 and 0.5 m), moisture-variable, vapor-damping (sd value between 0.5 and 1500 m) and vapor-blocking pathways ( sd value> 1500 m) (DIN 4108).

Roofs differ in shape, inclination, design and stress by z. B. use, construction, climatic conditions and building physics stress. While undisturbed areas covered relatively easily can be, there are detail points, z. As eaves, throats, rising components and connections, as well as penetrations z. As fans, cables, etc., where time-consuming and material-consuming connections must be made. Overall, it is therefore difficult to produce the required waterproofness and airtightness of the composite construction film.

So far, connections and detail points of the functional layer were performed or repaired by sleeves or adhesive tapes. Disadvantage of this method is that Bauverbundfolien z. B. in geometrically demanding and / or difficult to access details time consuming and difficult with tools such. As nails, staples, adhesive tapes, adapt or -close. In addition, adhesive tapes in particular do not adhere to damp or dusty surfaces.

From the EP 0 185 214 A1 , which represents the closest prior art for a method according to claim 5, a method for insulating structures against moisture and a sealing means for performing this method is known. In this case, the application of a sprayed sealing layer of a sealant for remediation purposes either takes place directly on a building structure or flat on an already existing layer.

From the EP 1 288 273 A2 , which represents the closest prior art for a functional layer according to claim 1, a one-component sealing composition of vinyl polymer dispersion is known, which is provided for connecting and / or sealing of materials. For use, the sealant is pressed out of the cartridge or plastic bag by means of a squeeze gun. The viscosity of the sealant in the wet state is at least about 50 Pa · s and is preferably at least about 350 Pa · s.

Special difficulties also arise when laying a functional layer in the field of rafter fields. The rafter fields are thereby formed by the open space between the rafters, with building inside, ie towards the building, a formwork is provided. The arrangement of a composite construction film in the rafter field and the connection to the formwork is often difficult and time consuming. So goes out of the DE 201 20 812 U1 already shows the use of a roof seal, which has a covering the fields between the rafters, sealing foil, which is designed as a vapor barrier, wherein the film is fastened with their side edges to the rafters and a foil strip of diffusion-open plastic material is provided at the top of the rafters.

From the US 2,179,678 A is a wall partition is known in which on one side of a coating is sprayed. This coating is a moisture barrier layer that does not transmit moisture.

From the US 5,819,496 A shows the use of a spray film, which is a vapor barrier.

From the EP 0 773 245 A2 shows the use of an aqueous polymer dispersion for the production of water vapor barriers.

The object of the present invention is to provide a functional layer for a building shell or a method for producing a functional layer, wherein adaptation of the functional layer to certain details of the building envelope is possible in a simple manner and at the same time the necessary tightness of the functional layer is ensured.

The above object is achieved in a functional layer of a Grebäudehülle by the features of claim 1 and in a method of the type mentioned by the features of claim 5.

According to the invention, it is provided in the case of the functional layer that it comprises at least one composite construction film and, in regions, a film applied by brushing, which forms an air- and / or waterproof film after application, wherein the film is applied in areas in which no composite construction film is provided and / or the composite building film is cut in or cut out for a connection or a component and / or two composite construction films overlap so that adhesion and sealing result after the application of the film, and wherein the viscosity of the material of the film ranges between 5000 and 25,000 mPa · s is. According to the method, it is provided that the functional layer has at least one composite construction film and, in regions, a film applied by brushing and / or spraying, which forms an air-tight and / or watertight film after application, wherein the film is applied in areas in which no composite film is provided and / or the composite construction film for a connection or a component is cut or cut and / or overlap two composite films, so that after application of the film results in bonding and sealing, and wherein the viscosity of the material of the film for the coating application is in the range between 5000 to 25,000 mPa · s.

Finally, it has been found that, for reasons of laying technology, it is particularly expedient if the predominant part of the surface to be provided with a functional layer comprises a composite construction film, for example an undercladding, underdeck or façade membrane and / or an air and vapor barrier / brake , while the respective connection or detail points, which are problematic to connect, are covered by the film. In principle, the film can have the same properties (eg sd value) as the composite construction film. Of very particular advantage in this context may also be, if the film has different properties than the composite construction film, as may be the case for example in the field of rafters, which will be discussed in more detail below.

As a result, a method is provided by the invention, with which it is possible in a simple manner to apply to the outside of a formwork, which forms the bottom or ground of a rafter field, a dense functional layer quickly and without damage, which otherwise build all Complies with requirements. Moreover, the invention thus provides a material or a method, wherein - regardless of the nature of the substrate and the type of geometric requirement - the detail of the building or the building envelope can be quickly and easily equipped with a functional layer, the meets all structural requirements. The film applied by spraying and / or brushing, hereinafter referred to simply as "spray film", but not limited to spraying, but also can be painted, offers the significant advantage of being much faster and easier to apply can, as attributable to the rafter field composite construction film, if necessary attributed and otherwise be fixed accordingly. The spray film is preferred as inner or lowermost layer, ie applied directly or directly to the outer roof structure. By an appropriate choice of material of the spray can be ensured that this securely adheres to the outside of the formwork, so special fasteners are not necessary.

It should be expressly understood that the present invention is not limited to the use of a spray foil in the rafter field. In principle, the invention can also be realized in the area of the façade, if a corresponding stud work is realized there. In this case, the spray film is applied to the outside of the building inside formwork, which limits the stator field between two adjacent uprights toward the building. Below, only the special requirements in the field of rafters or rafter fields and the realization of the spray film will be discussed here. However, the above and following statements apply in the same way for the facade or provided in the facade area stand works.

The material of the spray film is a plastic containing appropriate additives depending on the application and the properties required for it. As plastic is basically any plastic material in question, which can be applied by brushing or spraying. Preferred here are plastic dispersions which can be dispersed, emulsified or dissolved in an aqueous or organic, preferably aqueous, medium, 1K or 2K, polymers, polyamides, polyolefins, polystyrene, prepolymers and crosslinkers, polysulfones, fluorinated polymers, polycarbonates, PVC, polyacrylonitrile , Bitumen / bitumen copolymers, cellulose, latex, butadiene, styrene-butadiene, polyester, polyether, polyurethane, polyurethane resin, in this case preferably acrylates and polyurethanes. The plastic content in the dispersion or in the solution is advantageously between 10 and 90 wt .-%, preferably 20 and 80 wt .-% and particularly preferably between 30 and 70 wt .-%. When using prepolymers, the plastic content is> 70%, preferably> 85% and more preferably> 95%.

In addition, the plastic contains additives. Among the additives contained are in particular rheology modifiers, pH regulators, UV stabilizers, Antioxidants, defoamers, plasticizers, adhesion promoters, drying agents, dyes, pigments and flow modifiers to understand. Based on the total amount of the spray film in the dry state, the proportion of additives to 30 wt .-%, preferably 0.5-15% and more preferably 1-7%.

The defoamer additives of the group may in principle be silicone-containing or mineral oil-containing defoamers. Particularly advantageous silicone-containing defoamers have been found.

The proportion of defoamers based on the total amount of all components is between 0.1 and 10 wt .-% based on the total amount of all components, in particular between 0.2 and 7.5 wt .-%. Particularly suitable mixtures have been found in which the defoamer has a proportion between 0.3 and 5 wt .-%.

Rheology additives are generally contained in an amount of 0.05 to 5 wt .-% and in particular 0.1 to 2.0 wt .-%, based on the total amount of the spray film in the wet state. For a spray application rheology modifiers are preferred, which exert a strong thixotropic or pseudoplastic effect, such that the viscosity of the spray film or the spray film material during the application, ie the action of high shear forces, is low, but the viscosity at low shear forces, So after application, so increases that a drainage of the sprayed layer does not take place.

Whether and which of the other additives, which are not described in more detail above, are incorporated in the spray film depends on the nature of the intended field of use and the amount of the other components contained. In general, the amount of this proportion is between 0 and 5 wt .-%.

Depending on the composition, the spray film can be applied not only in the previously mentioned areas of the composite construction film. It is then also suitable for use in the areas of flat roofs, sealing of earth-contacting components and gutters. Furthermore, she can and drainage membranes, horticultural foils, concrete, plaster, wood, fleece or similar materials for connections or repairs.

The time savings when using a spray film is greater, the more sophisticated and geometrically complex the building detail is built. For example, the time saved when laying on a fillet bar compared with the prior art with an adhesive bond tape to be connected composite construction film about 50%, the same savings is achieved with a pair of pliers.

The application temperature of the spray film is between 5 and 50 ° C, preferably between 10 and 40 ° C. The film-forming time of the applied material is a maximum of 2 hours, preferably 1 hour and in particular between 5 and 30 min.

The applied layer thickness depends on the respective requirements. In normal applications, between 4 and 800 μm are applied during the coating application and between 11 and 1500 μm in the spray application. Layer thicknesses between 100 and 300 μm are preferably provided in both applications. For the sealing of earthblown components higher demands are necessary. Layer thicknesses of 0.4-3 mm are required in this range, preferably between 0.7-1.5 mm.

To check the adhesion values, the spray film is applied to various substrates and, after 24 hours, a T-peel test in accordance with DIN 4108 is carried out. The adhesive strengths are> 8 N / 5 cm, preferably> 12 N / 5 cm and more preferably> 15 N / 5 cm. When applied to a wet surface, at least 70% of the previously indicated values are reached, preferably up to 85% and sometimes more.

The watertightness is determined according to EN 13859 as a static water column. To check the spray film is applied to a 2 mm wide and 5 cm long crack in a film base material. In this case, water impermeability> 100 mm, preferably> 200 m, more preferably> 500 mm and in particular> 1000 mm. For the sealing of earth-contacting components Here are higher requirements. There, water impermeability of> 500 mm are required, preferably> 1500 mm.

• Anwendung der Sprühfolie auf/als Luft- und/oder Dampfsperre/-bremse: sd-Wert nach EN 1931: 0,5-100 m, bevorzugt 2-40 m, weiter bevorzugt 2-5 m; und/oder
• Anwendung der Sprühfolie auf/als feuchtevariable Luft- und/oder Dampfsperre/-bremse: sd-Wert nach EN 1931: <2m im feuchten Bereich (rel. Feuchte 90%) und >2 m im trockenen Bereich (rel. Feuchte 40%), bevorzugt <1,2 m im feuchten Bereich (rel. Feuchte 90%) und >2,5 m im trockenen Bereich (rel. Feuchte 40%); und/oder
• Anwendung der Sprühfolie auf/als Abdichtung bei erdberührten Bauteilen: sd-Wert nach EN 1931: >20 m, bevorzugt >100 m, weiter bevorzugt >200 m; und/oder
• Anwendung der Sprühfolie als diffusionsoffene Unterspann-, Unterdeck- und/oder Fassadenbahn: sd-Wert nach EN 1931: 0,01-0,5 m, bevorzugt 0,02-0,3 m.

The water permeability or vapor permeability depends on the application and can be adjusted by the base material and the layer thickness depending on the application as follows:

• Application of the spray film on / as an air and / or vapor barrier / brake: sd value according to EN 1931: 0.5-100 m, preferably 2-40 m, more preferably 2-5 m; and or
• Application of the spray foil on / as moisture-variable air and / or vapor barrier / brake: sd value according to EN 1931: <2m in the moist range (relative humidity 90%) and> 2 m in the dry range (relative humidity 40%) , preferably <1.2 m in the moist range (relative humidity 90%) and> 2.5 m in the dry range (relative humidity 40%); and or
• Application of the spray film on / as a seal on earth-contacting components: sd value according to EN 1931:> 20 m, preferably> 100 m, more preferably> 200 m; and or
• Application of the spray film as vapor-permeable underlayment, underlayment and / or façade membrane: sd value according to EN 1931: 0.01-0.5 m, preferably 0.02-0.3 m.

For the vapor-permeable case, it is also possible to use specifically incompatible defoaming additives which lead to pores caused by microfoam and thus to correspondingly low sd values.

A special case in the application is the loop-shaped laying over the rafters. Generally speaking, a high sd value is required in the area of the rafter field and a low sd value in the area of the rafters themselves, in particular on the rafter tops. This can be achieved, for example in that the moisture-variable case is applied to the entire roof. However, preference is given to the variant in which a vapor-damping or steam-blocking film with a high sd value is placed in the rafter field and the spray foil is applied to the rafters. In this case, a smaller sd value the spray film of <1.7 m, preferably <1 m and more preferably <0.5 m can be used.

Depending on the nature of the substrate can be additionally worked with a support structure / location. This serves to compensate for larger roughnesses and porosities or to bridge gaps. The support structure / layer may be, for example, a nonwoven or fabric. In particular, lightweight nonwovens (10-50 g / m ² ) made of polypropylene or polyester can be used, since these are inexpensive and flexible and provide a good substrate for the coating with the spray film.

Since components of a building are not covered directly but in the course of the construction progress, it can lead to not insignificant exposure times against the free weather. UV exposure, heat, cold, wind and rain are the main factors here. This is preferably taken into account by the spray film having sufficient resistance to UV radiation / heat and moisture swelling, being heat-resistant and cold-flexible, and offering adequate breaking strength and elongation at break ,

The resistance to UV radiation / heat is determined on a spray film according to EN 13859 in a combination of artificial weathering (QUV, 14 days) and heat storage (80 ° C, 90 days). Subsequently, waterproofness, breaking forces and elongation at break are determined. At these values 50% of the starting values before weathering and heat storage are achieved in the spray film according to the invention, preferably 80% and more preferably 90%.

Resistance to moisture swelling has been determined on a spray film film of the invention by storage in water at 50 ° C for 4 weeks. The weight increase is less than 20%, preferably less than 10% and more preferably less than 5%, depending on the material of the spray film. The breaking strength against the un-stored state is> 30%, preferably> 50%. If the test is performed on a support, a replacement can not be observed.

The cold flexibility has been determined on the spray film according to the invention with the respective largest layer thickness as cold bending behavior according to EN 13859. The test was passed at -5 ° C, preferably at -15 ° C and more preferably at -30 ° C.

The tensile strength according to EN 13859 of the spray film has been found to be sufficient at a value of> 50 N / 5cm. Preferably, values of> 80 N / 5 cm have been achieved.

The elongation at break according to EN 13859 of the spray film has proven to be suitable at a value of> 50%. Preferably> 100% and further> 200% were achieved.

On the other hand, if the spray film is applied to a support structure, an elongation at break of> 10%, preferably> 20%, is sufficient. The tear strength in this case should preferably be> 100 N / 5 cm.

For the practical suitability of the coating or the spray film in addition to the properties of the cured spray film and the properties in the liquid form are important. The viscosity, the drying time and the flow behavior of the material of the spray film play a role either alone or in combination.

The viscosity for the coating application is in the range of 5,000 to 25,000 mPa · s. It should preferably be between 8,000 and 18,000 mPa · s and more preferably between 11,000 and 15,000 mPa · s. Viscosities between 500 and 5,000 mPa · s are expedient for the spray application, preferably between 1,000 and 4,000 mPa · s and in particular between 1,500 and 3,000 mPa · s.

The drying time at 20 ° C and 50% relative humidity is preferably <5 hours, so that a further work after application of the spray film in a reasonable period is possible. The spray film is then dry to the surface and light. Preferably, the drying time is less than two hours and more preferably <1 hour, with an open time of> 5 minutes, preferably between 6 and 20 minutes, may be useful to allow for corrections.

Drying times of the solvent-free film, ie the aqueous-based spray film, depend very much on the acrylate dispersions used, with the exception of temperature and atmospheric moisture. It has been shown that formulations based on the Revacryl range of Synthomer have the best drying time and film formation properties, as compared to formulas based on comparable acrylate dispersions - eg Primal AC 235 (Rohm & Haas) or Mowilith LDM 7739 ( Celanese) - gives: Acrylate dispersion Manufacturer Salary [%] Tg [° C] Primal AC 235 Rohm & Haas 46 5-10 Mowilith LDM 7739 Celanese 48 7 Revacryl 100 Synthomer 60 5-13

The comparative formulations were side by side gerakelt on Kunsstofffolie (200 microns wet layer thickness) and determines the time to stable, ie by applying pressure with a blunt object, no more damaging film formation: Stable film formation [min] temperature AC 235 LDM 7739 Revacryl 100 11 ° C 50 50 23 13 ° C 38 45 16 15 ° C 33 38 13

An example recipe for indoor applications (below the thermal insulation), where no minus degrees on the film of the spray in winter, looks like this:

Plastic dispersion Synthomer Revacryl 100, deaerator Tego Airex 902W 2.7%, BTC Helizarin blue 3.3%, filler quartz movements Tremin Wollastonite USST 939-100 10%, filler Dupont Tipure TiO ₂ 3.3%, thickener Borchi Gel 0625 0.1% , Thickener Borchi Gel 0622 0.2%, defoamer Tego Foamex 825 3.3%.

• Kunststoffdispersionen Synthomer Revacryl 100 : Synthomer Revacryl 5239 Verhältnis 1:2, Entschäumer Tego 590 LAE 15%, BTC Helizarinblau 0,25%, Füllstoff Quarzwerke Tremin Wollastonit USST 939-100 12,5%, Verdicker Borchi Gel 0625 0,1 %, Verdicker Borchi Gel 0622 0,2%.

An example recipe outdoor applications (above the thermal insulation), which act in the winter minus degrees on the film of the spray film, looks like this:

• Synthetic dispersions Synthomer Revacryl 100: Synthomer Revacryl 5239 1: 2 ratio, Tego 590 LAE defoamer 15%, BTC Helizarin blue 0.25%, quartz works filler Tremin Wollastonite USST 939-100 12.5%, thickener Borchi Gel 0625 0.1%, thickener Borchi Gel 0622 0.2%.

The flow behavior is particularly important in inclined and vertical applications of importance, it being understood in principle that the present invention in horizontal, tilted at any angle and vertical applications can be readily implemented. Runners, which are also known as curtains or noses, can occur if the material is too thick and too low in viscosity, especially in applications on a vertical surface. In the context of the present invention, it has been found that the run-off behavior depends on the viscosity of the material On the other hand depends on the layer thickness. Furthermore, the surface tension of the substrate to which the material of the spray film is applied plays a role. In principle, the viscosity and the layer thickness as well as the surface tension of the substrate should be such that, when applied to a vertical flat surface, a running width of less than 7 cm, preferably less than 5 cm and in particular <3 cm results.

In an experiment conducted in the context of the present invention, two drops of the liquid film having a viscosity corresponding to the above-mentioned ranges are applied to a film of polyamide 6 having a surface tension of 42 mN / m. Subsequently, the film has been placed vertically. The layer thickness of the drops was in the range of 1.5 mm. The running behavior or the length of the runner was less than 3 cm.

Below are some recipe examples of the material of the inventive spray film indicated:

Recipe 1 (spraying)

Plastic dispersion RA 576 H (based on acrylate / methacrylate) from Ercros, defoamer Tego Foamex 805 1% from Evonik, Printofix Red 0.5% from Clariant, thickener Borchi Gel 0621 0.5% from OMG Borchers.
Viscosity: 1,750 mPa · s
Layer thickness: 284 g / m ²
Sd value: 1.95 m
Use eg: U-shaped between the rafters or as vapor-damping LDS

Recipe 2 (swipe)

Plastic dispersion Mowilith LDM 7739 (based on acrylate) from Celanese, defoamer AF 0871 1% from OMG Borchers, Printofix Yellow 0.5% from Clariant, thickener Borchi Gel 0621 0.1%, from OMG Borchers, leveling additive Borchi Gel 232 1% of the company OMG Borchers
Viscosity: 15,400 mPa · s
Layer thickness: 197 g / m ²
Sd value: 0.92 m
Use eg: U-shaped between the rafters or as vapor-damping LDS

Recipe 3 (swipe)

Plastic dispersion Emuldur DS 2360 (based on polyurethane) from BASF, defoamer Tego Foamex 805 0.8% from Evonik, thickener Borchi Gel 0621 0.15% from OMG Borchers, leveling additive Borchi Gel 232 1.2% from OMG Borchers
Viscosity: 10,300 mPa · s
Layer thickness 1: 60 g / m ²
Sd value: 1: 0.05 m
Layer thickness 2: 105 g / m ²
Sd value 2: 0.09 m
Use eg: as vapor-permeable UDB or on the rafters in combination with U-vapor brake

Recipe 4 (spraying)

Acrylate dispersion: RA 576 H from Ercros
Defoamer: AF 0871 1.25% of the company OMG Borchers
Color: Printofix Red 0.5% of Clariant
Thickener: Borchi Gel 0621 0.5% of the company OMG Borchers
Viscosity: 1,750 mPa · s
Layer thickness: 284 g / m ²
Sd value: 1.95 m
Use eg: U-shaped between the rafters or as vapor-damping LDS

Recipe 5 (spraying)

Acrylate dispersion: Mowitith LDM 7739 from Celanese
Defoamer: AF 0871 1.5% of the company OMG Borchers
Color: Printofix Red 1.0% of the company Clariant
Color: Printofix Yellow 1.0% of Clariant
Thickener: Borchi Gel 0621 0.1% of the company OMG Borchers
Leveling additive: Tego Wet 270 1% of Evonik
Viscosity: 2,550 mPa · s
Layer thickness: 205 g / m2
SD-value: 2,3 m
Use eg: U-shaped between the rafters or as vapor-damping LDS

Recipe 6 (spraying)

Plastic dispersion Emuldur DS 2361 (based on polyurethane) from BASF, defoamer Tego Foamex 805 1.2% from Evonik, thickener Borchi Gel 0621 0.08% from OMG Borchers, leveling additive Borchi Gel 232 0.9% from OMG Borchers
Viscosity: 1,360 mPa · s
Layer thickness: 66 g / m ²
Sd value: 0.19 m
Application eg: as vapor-permeable UDB on the rafters in combination with U-vapor barrier, sealing of panel joints

Recipe 7 (swipe)

Acrylate dispersion: Synthomer 100 from Synthomer
Defoamer: Tego 815 N 4% of Evonik
Color: Printofix Black 1.0% of the company Clariant
Thickener: DSX 3800 0.2% from Cognis
Viscosity: 11,700 mPa · s
Layer thickness: 123 g / m2
SD-value: 1,4 m
Use eg: U-shaped between the rafters or as vapor-damping LDS

The differences between the recipes for the spreadable and sprayable variants essentially relate to the proportion of the rheology additive to the total amount of the spray film in the wet state. For the sprayable variant higher proportions are necessary because of the higher applied layer thickness and the resulting greater tendency to runners. Based on the example given, the proportion of the rheology additive increases by about 50% based on the initial addition of the additive for the coating film.

The application of the film according to the invention can be carried out by spray application by airless devices, Airmix devices or spray cans. In the case of airless application by means of a pressure spray bottle, commercially available nozzles (hollow cone, full cone, flat jet, etc.) can generally be used. Due to the high viscosity of the material of the spray film, however, a special nozzle is preferably used. With Airmix application, the spray foil is filled into the paint cup of the spray gun and applied with compressed air. The spray cans preferably contain about 50% of dimethyl ether as blowing agent and about 50% spray film. In the spray application method, the distance to the surface to be sprayed is about 30 cm.

According to the invention, it is basically possible that the functional layer is completely formed by the spray film. However, it is also possible that at least one air and / or waterproof, in particular trained as a vapor barrier, along the rafter field running film strip is applied, with the longitudinal edges of the film strip and the previously or subsequently applied spray film then overlap. It is preferred in this case if first spray film strips are applied to the formwork, while the central region remains free for the film strip. Subsequently, the film strip is then applied overlapping on the applied spray film, so that then results in a secure bonding of the film strip on the spray film on the formwork.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, the spray film is applied to at least one, in particular both rafter sides of the rafters of a rafter compartment at least to a partial height. In this case, a U-shape (based on the cross-section) results in the functional layer. In this case, the spray film is applied so that ultimately results in a closed surface of the spray film and thus airtightness in the spray film. This not only affects the rafter sides and the outside of the formwork, but also, in particular, the transition between the formwork and the rafters.

In connection with the present invention it has been found that it is favorable that the Sprtihfolie is applied starting from the formwork over a rafter height between 10 to 90%, preferably 20 to 80% and in particular of more than 30% on the rafter side. The sd value of the spray film and / or the film strip at a relative humidity of 40% should be more than 0.5 m, preferably more than 0.8 m, more preferably more than 1.3 m and in particular more than 1.9 m amount.

In order to allow unhindered drying out of the wood of the rafters to the outside, the vapor-damping spray film, which is applied as a functional layer on the formwork, should not be provided on the rafter tops. The rafter tops can either remain free or it will be a diffusion-open further film strip and / or a more diffusion-open spray film (ie by spraying or brushing) at least partially applied. In this case, the sd value of the further film strip or of the further film should be less than 0.5 m, preferably less than 0.3 m and in particular less than 0.09 m.

Although a connection between the provided on the rafter top further film strip or the other film with the lower spray film is not absolutely necessary, an overcoating in this area, so an overlap in the edge region with a few centimeters, is still preferred, since this is the airtightness better ensured.

After application of the lower spray film, optionally in conjunction with a film strip, as well as provided on the rafter tops further spray or the other film strips, the building envelope is preferably further constructed by appropriate materials. For example, a thermal insulation material can first be applied to the film, which is then introduced into the rafter compartment. This can be followed by another formwork, another thermal barrier coating or a vapor-permeable underlay membrane. It is also possible to provide a further vapor-permeable film applied by spraying or brushing or another diffusion-open separating layer.

On the aforementioned layers, which may be provided in themselves but in any combination with each other, then a counter battens and / or a battens may be applied as needed. The outside forms a hard, outer cover. This can be a tile roof or a metal roof.

Moreover, it is understood that appropriate layers and materials may be provided in the area of the facade, if desired and necessary.

Furthermore, the present invention, as mentioned above, also relates to a building shell, in which the aforementioned features according to the method are then realized correspondingly constructive.

• dass die Viskosität des Materials der Folie für eine Streichapplikation im Bereich zwischen 8.000 und 18.000 mPa · s und weiter bevorzugt zwischen 11.000 und 15.000 mPa · s liegt, und/oder dass die Viskosität für eine Sprühapplikation zwischen 500 und 5.000 mPa · s, bevorzugt zwischen 1.000 und 4.000 mPa · s und weiter bevorzugt zwischen 1.500 und 3.000 mPa · s liegt und/oder
• dass die Trocknungszeit bei 20°C und 50% relativer Feuchte kleiner 5 Stunden, vorzugsweise kleiner 2 Stunden, weiter bevorzugt kleiner 1 Stunde ist, und/oder dass die offene Zeit des Materials der Folie nach der Applikation größer 5 Minuten, insbesondere zwischen 6 und 20 Minuten beträgt und/oder
• dass die Ablaufweite des auf eine senkrechte Fläche applizierten Materials der Folie in Abhängigkeit der Oberflächenspannung des Untergrunds, der Viskosität und die Dicke des applizierten Material kleiner als 10 cm, bevorzugt kleiner 5 cm und weiter bevorzugt kleiner 3 cm ist und/oder
• dass die Schichtdicke der Folie bei nicht erdberührten Anwendungen bei der Streichapplikation zwischen 4 und 800 µm und bei der Sprühapplikation zwischen 11 und 1.500 µm, bevorzugt zwischen 100 und 300 µm liegt und/oder
• dass die Haftfestigkeit der Folie nach 24 h bei einer T-Peel-Prüfung nach DIN 4108 auf trockenem Unterdruck größer 8 N/5 cm, bevorzugt größer 12 N/5 cm und insbesondere größer 15 N/5 cm beträgt und dass, vorzugsweise, bei Applikation auf feuchter Oberfläche die Haftfestigkeit wenigstens 70%, bevorzugt etwa 85% der Haftfestigkeit auf trockener Oberfläche entspricht und/oder
• dass die Folie bei nachfolgenden Anwendungen folgende Wasserdampfdurchlässigkeit aufweist:
  • Anwendung als Dampfbremse: sd-Wert nach EN 1931: 0,5 bis 100 m, bevorzugt 2 bis 40 m und insbesondere 2 bis 5 m; und/oder
  • Anwendung als feuchte-variable Dampfbremse: sd-Wert nach EN 1931: kleiner 2 m im feuchten Bereich (relative Feuchte 90%) und größer 2 m im trockenen Bereich (relative Feuchte 40%), bevorzugt kleiner 1,2 m im feuchten Bereich (relative Feuchte 90%) und größer 2,5 m im trockenen Bereich (relative Feuchte 40%); und/oder
  • Anwendung als Abdichtung bei erdberührter Anwendung: sd-Wert nach EN 1931: größer 20 m, bevorzugt größer 100 m und insbesondere größer 200 m; und/oder
  • Anwendung als diffusionsoffene Schicht: sd-Wert nach EN 1931: 0,01 bis 0,5 m, bevorzugt 0,02 bis 0,3 m.
• dass als Material der Folie ein Ein- oder Mehrkomponenten-Kunststoff vorgesehen ist, insbesondere in Form einer Kunststoffdispersion, die im wässrigen oder organischen Medium dispergierbar, emulgierbar oder lösbar ist und/oder
• dass der Kunststoff ausgewählt ist aus Polyamiden, Polyolefinen, Polystyrolen, Prepolymeren und Vernetzern, Polysulfonen, fluorierten Polymeren, Polykarbonaten, PVC, Polyacrylnitril, Bitumen/Bitumen-Copolymeren, Zellulose, Latex, Butagen, Styrol-Butagen, Polyester, Polyether, Polyurethan, Acrylaten, jeweils für sich oder in beliebiger Kombination miteinander und/oder
• dass der Kunststoffgehalt in der Dispersion, Emulsion oder in der Lösung zwischen 10 Gew.-% und 90 Gew.-%, bevorzugt zwischen 80 Gew.-% und 100 Gew.-% und insbesondere zwischen 30 Gew.-% und 70 Gew.-% liegt und/oder
• dass bei Verwendung von Prepolymeren der Kunststoffgehalt größer 70%, bevorzugt größer 85% und weiter bevorzugt größer 95% liegt und/oder
• dass der Kunststoff Additive enthält und dass als Additive Rheologie-Modifikatoren, pH-Regulatoren, UV-Stabilisatoren, Antioxidantien, Entschäumer, Weichmacher, Haftvermittler, Trocknungsmittel, Farbstoffe, Pigmente und/oder Verlaufs-Modifikatoren vorgesehen sind und/oder
• dass der Anteil der Additive bezogen auf die Gesamtmenge des Materials der Folie im Trockenzustand bis 30 Gew.-% beträgt, vorzugsweise zwischen 0,5 bis 15% und insbesondere zwischen 1 bis 7% liegt und/oder
• dass als Entschäumer-Additive silikonhaltige und/oder mineralölhaltige Entschäumer vorgesehen sind und/oder
• dass der Anteil der Entschäumer bezogen auf die Gesamtmenge aller Komponenten zwischen 0,1 Gew.-% bis 10 Gew.-%, insbesondere zwischen 0,2 Gew.-% und 7,5 Gew.-% und besonders bevorzugt zwischen 0,3 Gew.-% und 5 Gew.-% beträgt und/oder
• dass die Rheologie-Modifikatoren in einer Menge von 0,05 Gew.-% bis 5 Gew.% und insbesondere 0,1 Gew.-% bis 2 Gew.-% bezogen auf die Gesamtmenge der Folie im Nasszustand enthalten sind und/oder
• dass solche Rheologie-Modifikatoren vorgesehen sind, die einen starken tixoprophen bzw. strukturviskosen Effekt derart ausüben, dass die Viskosität der Folie während der Applikation niedrig ist, aber die Viskosität nach der Applikation derart ansteigt, dass ein Abfließen der applizierten Folie nicht stattfindet und/oder
• dass die Applikationstemperatur der Folie zwischen 5°C und 50°C, vorzugsweise zwischen 10°C und 40°C liegt und/oder
• dass die Hautbildungszeit der Folie maximal zwei Stunden, bevorzugt eine Stunde und insbesondere zwischen 5 Minuten und 30 Minuten liegt und/oder
• dass die Schichtdicke der Folie bei nicht erdberührten Anwendungen bei der Streichapplikation zwischen 4 und 800µm und bei der Sprühapplikation zwischen 11 und 1.500 µm, bevorzugt zwischen 100 und 300 µm liegt und/oder
• dass die Schichtdicke der Folie bei erdberührten Anwendungen zwischen 0,4 bis 3 mm, bevorzugt zwischen 0,7 und 1,5 mm beträgt und/oder
• dass die Haftfestigkeit der Folie nach 24 h bei einer T-Peel-Prüfung nach DIN 4108 auf trockenem Unterdruck größer 8 N/5 cm, bevorzugt größer 12 N/5 cm und insbesondere größer 15 N/5 cm beträgt und dass, vorzugsweise, bei Applikation auf feuchter Oberfläche die Haftfestigkeit wenigstens 70 %, bevorzugt 85 % der Haftfestigkeit auf trockener Oberfläche entspricht und/oder
• dass die Wasserdichtigkeit (bestimmt nach EN 13859 als statische Wassersäule) bei nicht-erdberührten Anwendung größer 100 mm, vorzugsweise größer 200 mm, weiter bevorzugt größer 500 mm und insbesondere größer 1000 mm beträgt und/oder
• dass die Wasserdichtigkeit (bestimmt nach EN 13859 als statische Wassersäule) bei erberührten Anwendungen größer 500 mm und insbesondere größer 1500 mm beträgt und/oder
• dass die Folie bei diffusionsoffenen Anwendungen unverträgliche Entschäumungsadditive aufweist, die zu mikroschaumverursachten Poren und niedrigen sd-Werten führen und/oder
• dass die Funktionsschicht im Bereich der Folie eine Stützstruktur zur Überbrückung aufweist und/oder
• dass die Stützstruktur als Gewebe oder Vlies, insbesondere aus Polypropylen oder Polyester ausgebildet ist und/oder
• dass die Beständigkeit der Folie nach (EN 13859) nach künstlicher Bewitterung (QUV, 14 Tage) und Wärmelagerung (80°C, 90 Tage) derart ist, dass wenigstens 50%, bevorzugt mehr als 80% und insbesondere mehr als 90% der Ausgangswerte vor der Bewitterung und Wärmelagerung erreicht wird und/oder
• dass die Gewichtszunahme der Folie bei einer Lagerung in Wasser bei 50°C für vier Wochen weniger als 20%, bevorzugt weniger als 10% und insbesondere weniger als 5% beträgt und/oder
• dass die Prüfung des Kaltbiegeverhaltens der Folie nach EN 13895 bei - 5°C, bevorzugt bei 15°C und insbesondere bei -30°C bestanden wird und/oder
• dass die Reißkraft der Folie nach EN 13859 größer 50 N/5cm, insbesondere größer 80 N/5cm beträgt und/oder
• dass die Reißdehnung nach EN 13859 der Folie größer 50%, bevorzugt größer 100% und insbesondere größer 200% beträgt und/oder
• dass die Reißdehnung bei Applikation der Folie auf eine Stützstruktur größer 10%, bevorzugt größer 20% beträgt und/oder die Reißkraft bei Applikation auf die Stützstruktur größer 100 N/5cm beträgt und/oder
• dass die Folie zur Verwendung im Dachbereich, insbesondere im Bereich Flachdach, zur Abdichtung von erdberührten Bauteilen, bei Regenrinnen, bei Noppen- und Drainagebahnen, bei Gartenbaufolien, bei Beton, Putz, Holz, Vlies oder dergleichen Materialien für Anschlüsse vorgesehen ist und/oder
• dass bei Anwendung der Funktionsschicht im Sparren aufweisenden Dachbereich eine dampfbremsende Bauverbundfolie im Sparrenfeld zwischen den Sparren vorgesehen ist, während auf den Sparren die Folie vorgesehen ist und dass, insbesondere, die Folie einen sd-Wert von kleiner 1,7 m, bevorzugt kleiner 1 m und insbesondere kleiner 0,5 m aufweist und/oder
• dass der Sprühauftrag der Folie durch Airless-Geräte, Airmix-Geräte oder Sprühdosen erfolgt und/oder
• dass vor Applikation der Folie die Bauverbundfolie beim Verlegen derart vorbereitet wird, dass die Bauverbundfolie auf dem Untergrund plan aufliegt und/oder
• dass die Bauverbundfolie benachbart den Bereich, in dem die Folie appliziert werden soll, gefaltet und mit Kammern oder Nägeln am Untergrund befestigt wird und/oder
• dass die Bauverbundfolie im Bereich eines Durchdringungspunktes für ein Bauteil der Gebäudehülle ausgeschnitten und dass anschließend auf den Anschlussbereich das Bauteil und die Bauverbundfolie überlappend auf die Folie appliziert wird und/oder
• dass das anschließende Bauteil und die Bauverbundfolie von der Folie über einen Überdeckungsbereich von kleiner 10 cm, bevorzugt zwischen 3 und 7 cm, überdeckt werden.

The following further features are given, which describe for themselves or in any combination with each other and / or with the features specified in the claims possible embodiments of the method according to the invention the functional layer of the invention and / or the building envelope according to the invention and are therefore also essential to the invention. Thus, the method, the building envelope and / or the functional layer or the spray film can be additionally characterized by

• that the viscosity of the material of the film for a coating application in the range between 8,000 and 18,000 mPa · s and more preferably between 11,000 and 15,000 mPa · s, and / or that the viscosity for a spray application between 500 and 5,000 mPa · s, preferably between 1,000 and 4,000 mPa · s and more preferably between 1,500 and 3,000 mPa · s and / or
• that the drying time at 20 ° C and 50% relative humidity is less than 5 hours, preferably less than 2 hours, more preferably less than 1 hour, and / or that the open time of the material of the film after application is greater than 5 minutes, in particular between 6 and 20 minutes and / or
• that the running distance of the material applied to a vertical surface of the film depending on the surface tension of the substrate, the viscosity and the thickness of the applied material is less than 10 cm, preferably less than 5 cm and more preferably less than 3 cm and / or
• that the layer thickness of the film is not between 4 and 800 .mu.m in the case of non-ground contact applications and between 11 and 1500 .mu.m, preferably between 100 and 300 .mu.m in the case of spray application, and / or
• that the adhesive strength of the film after 24 h in a T-peel test according to DIN 4108 on dry vacuum greater than 8 N / 5 cm, preferably greater than 12 N / 5 cm and in particular greater than 15 N / 5 cm and that, preferably, at Application on wet surface the adhesive strength at least 70%, preferably about 85% of the dry surface adhesion and / or
• the film has the following water vapor permeability in subsequent applications:
  • Application as a vapor barrier: sd value according to EN 1931: 0.5 to 100 m, preferably 2 to 40 m and in particular 2 to 5 m; and or
  • Application as a moisture-variable vapor barrier: sd value according to EN 1931: less than 2 m in the wet area (relative humidity 90%) and greater than 2 m in the dry area (relative humidity 40%), preferably less than 1.2 m in the wet area ( relative humidity 90%) and greater than 2.5 m in the dry area (relative humidity 40%); and or
  • Application as a seal in contact with the earth: sd value according to EN 1931: greater than 20 m, preferably greater than 100 m and in particular greater than 200 m; and or
  • Application as vapor-permeable layer: sd value according to EN 1931: 0.01 to 0.5 m, preferably 0.02 to 0.3 m.
• in that the material of the film is a single- or multi-component plastic, in particular in the form of a plastic dispersion which is dispersible, emulsifiable or soluble in the aqueous or organic medium and / or
• the plastic is selected from polyamides, polyolefins, polystyrenes, prepolymers and crosslinkers, polysulfones, fluorinated polymers, polycarbonates, PVC, polyacrylonitrile, bitumen / bitumen copolymers, cellulose, latex, butages, styrene-butanes, polyesters, polyethers, polyurethane, acrylates , each alone or in any combination with each other and / or
• that the plastic content in the dispersion, emulsion or in the solution between 10 wt .-% and 90 wt .-%, preferably between 80 Wt .-% and 100 wt .-% and in particular between 30 wt .-% and 70 wt .-% is and / or
• when using prepolymers, the plastic content is greater than 70%, preferably greater than 85% and more preferably greater than 95%, and / or
• that the plastic contains additives and in that rheology modifiers, pH regulators, UV stabilizers, antioxidants, defoamers, plasticizers, adhesion promoters, drying agents, dyes, pigments and / or flow modifiers are provided as additives and / or
• that the proportion of the additives based on the total amount of the material of the film in the dry state is up to 30 wt .-%, preferably between 0.5 to 15% and in particular between 1 to 7% and / or
• that are provided as antifoam additives silicone-containing and / or mineral oil defoamers and / or
• the proportion of defoamers, based on the total amount of all components, is between 0.1% by weight to 10% by weight, in particular between 0.2% by weight and 7.5% by weight and particularly preferably between 0.3 Wt .-% and 5 wt .-% is and / or
• the rheology modifiers are present in an amount of from 0.05% by weight to 5% by weight and in particular from 0.1% by weight to 2% by weight, based on the total amount of film in the wet state, and / or
• that rheology modifiers are provided which exert a strong tixoprophene or pseudoplastic effect in such a way that the viscosity of the film during application is low, but the viscosity after the application increases in such a way that the applied film does not flow out and / or
• that the application temperature of the film is between 5 ° C and 50 ° C, preferably between 10 ° C and 40 ° C and / or
• that the skin-forming time of the film is a maximum of two hours, preferably one hour and in particular between 5 minutes and 30 minutes, and / or
• that the layer thickness of the film is not between 4 and 800 .mu.m in the case of non-ground contact applications and between 11 and 1500 .mu.m, preferably between 100 and 300 .mu.m in the case of spray application, and / or
• that the layer thickness of the film in Erddberührt applications between 0.4 to 3 mm, preferably between 0.7 and 1.5 mm and / or
• that the adhesive strength of the film after 24 h in a T-peel test according to DIN 4108 on dry vacuum greater than 8 N / 5 cm, preferably greater than 12 N / 5 cm and in particular greater than 15 N / 5 cm and that, preferably, at Application on wet surface, the adhesive strength of at least 70%, preferably 85% of the adhesive strength on dry surface corresponds and / or
• that the water resistance (determined according to EN 13859 as a static water column) is greater than 100 mm, preferably greater than 200 mm, more preferably greater than 500 mm and in particular greater than 1000 mm in the case of non-contact application, and / or
• that the waterproofness (determined according to EN 13859 as a static water column) is greater than 500 mm and in particular greater than 1500 mm in the case of applied applications, and / or
• that in the case of vapor-open applications, the film has incompatible defoaming additives which lead to micro-foam-induced pores and low sd values and / or
• that the functional layer in the region of the film has a support structure for bridging and / or
• that the support structure is formed as a woven or non-woven, in particular polypropylene or polyester and / or
• the resistance of the film to (EN 13859) after artificial weathering (QUV, 14 days) and heat storage (80 ° C, 90 days) is such that at least 50%, preferably more than 80% and in particular more than 90% of the initial values is achieved before weathering and heat storage and / or
• that the weight increase of the film when stored in water at 50 ° C for four weeks is less than 20%, preferably less than 10% and in particular less than 5% and / or
• that the test of the cold bending behavior of the film according to EN 13895 at - 5 ° C, preferably at 15 ° C and in particular at -30 ° C is passed and / or
• the tear strength of the film according to EN 13859 is greater than 50 N / 5 cm, in particular greater than 80 N / 5 cm, and / or
• that the elongation at break according to EN 13859 of the film is greater than 50%, preferably greater than 100% and in particular greater than 200%, and / or
• that the elongation at break when applying the film to a support structure is greater than 10%, preferably greater than 20%, and / or the tensile strength when applied to the support structure is greater than 100 N / 5 cm and / or
• in that the film is intended for use in the roof area, in particular in the area of flat roofs, for sealing earth-contacting components, in gutters, in burls and drainage paths, in horticultural foils, in concrete, plaster, wood, fleece or the like materials for connections and / or
• that when using the functional layer in the rafter-containing roof area, a vapor-damping building composite foil is provided in the rafter field between the rafters, while the foil is provided on the rafters and, in particular, the foil has an sd value of less than 1.7 m, preferably less than 1 m and in particular less than 0.5 m and / or
• that the spray application of the film by airless devices, Airmix devices or spray cans takes place and / or
• that before application of the film, the composite construction film is prepared during installation so that the composite building film rests flat on the ground and / or
• that the composite building film adjacent to the area in which the film is to be applied, folded and fixed with chambers or nails on the ground and / or
• that the composite construction film is cut out in the region of a penetration point for a component of the building envelope and that subsequently the component and the composite construction film are applied to the film in an overlapping manner on the connection area and / or
• that the subsequent component and the composite construction film are covered by the film over a coverage area of less than 10 cm, preferably between 3 and 7 cm.

It may otherwise be expressly pointed out that the aforementioned range indications and intervals also include all intermediate ranges and intervals lying within the range or interval limits as well as all individual values and these are to be regarded as essential to the invention, even if these are in detail not mentioned.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the invention will be explained with reference to the drawing. In this case, all described and / or illustrated Features alone or in any combination, the subject matter of the present invention, regardless of their combination in the claims or their dependency.

Fig. 1

eine schematische Darstellung eines Gebäudes mit einer Gebäudehülle,

Fig. 2

eine Ansicht eines Sparrenfeldes einer erfindungsgemäßen Gebäudehülle,

Fig. 3

eine der Fig. 2 entsprechende Ansicht einer anderen Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung,

Fig. 4

eine der Fig. 3 entsprechende Ansicht einer weiteren Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung,

Fig. 5

eine schematische Querschnittsansicht einer Gebäudehülle im Dachbereich,

Fig. 6

eine schematische Querschnittsansicht einer ersten Verlegesituation,

Fig. 7

eine schematische Ansicht einer zweiten Verlegesituation,

Fig. 8

eine schematische Ansicht einer dritten Verlegesituation,

Fig. 9

eine schematische Ansicht einer vierten Verlegesituation,

Fig. 10

eine schematische Ansicht einer fünften Verlegesituation,

Fig. 11

eine schematische Ansicht einer sechsten Verlegesituation,

Fig. 12

eine schematische Ansicht einer siebten Verlegesituation,

Fig. 13

eine schematische Ansicht einer achten Verlegesituation,

Fig. 14

eine Seitenansicht der Verlegesituation aus Fig. 13,

Fig. 15

eine schematische Ansicht einer neunten, nicht zur Erfindung gehörenden Verlegesituation,

Fig. 16

eine Seitenansicht der Verlegesituation aus Fig. 15,

Fig. 17

eine schematische Ansicht einer zehnten, nicht zur Erfindung gehörenden Verlegesituation,

Fig. 18

eine Seitenansicht der Verlegesituation aus Fig. 17,

Fig. 19

eine schematische Ansicht einer elften, nicht zur Erfindung gehörenden Verlegesituation,

Fig. 20

eine Seitenansicht der Verlegesituation aus Fig. 19 und

Fig. 21-24

Tabellen mit Eigenschaften der erfindungsgemäßen Sprühfolie

It shows

Fig. 1

a schematic representation of a building with a building envelope,

Fig. 2

a view of a rafter field of a building envelope according to the invention,

Fig. 3

one of the Fig. 2 corresponding view of another embodiment of the present invention,

Fig. 4

one of the Fig. 3 corresponding view of another embodiment of the present invention,

Fig. 5

a schematic cross-sectional view of a building envelope in the roof area,

Fig. 6

a schematic cross-sectional view of a first installation situation,

Fig. 7

a schematic view of a second installation situation,

Fig. 8

a schematic view of a third installation situation,

Fig. 9

a schematic view of a fourth installation situation,

Fig. 10

a schematic view of a fifth installation situation,

Fig. 11

a schematic view of a sixth installation situation,

Fig. 12

a schematic view of a seventh laying situation,

Fig. 13

a schematic view of an eighth installation situation,

Fig. 14

a side view of the laying situation Fig. 13 .

Fig. 15

a schematic view of a ninth, not belonging to the invention installation situation,

Fig. 16

a side view of the laying situation Fig. 15 .

Fig. 17

a schematic view of a tenth, not belonging to the invention laying situation,

Fig. 18

a side view of the laying situation Fig. 17 .

Fig. 19

a schematic view of an eleventh, not belonging to the invention installation situation,

Fig. 20

a side view of the laying situation Fig. 19 and

Fig. 21-24

Tables with properties of the spray film according to the invention

In Fig. 1 schematically a building 1 is shown, which has a building envelope 2. In the present case, the building envelope 2 has a facade 3 and a roof 4. The facade 3 is divided into a located above the bottom 5, not touching the earth façade area 6 and in an earth-contacting facade area 7, which is below the surface of the bottom 5, on. In the area of the roof 4 is present a fireplace 8 and an antenna. 9

The building envelope 2 is with a in Fig. 1 Provided functional layer not shown, which may be provided fully or partially in the area of the facade 3 and / or the roof 4. It is understood that areas in which doors, windows or even the fireplace 8 or the antenna 9 or other details are excluded from this.

In the Fig. 2 to 4 is now a part of a roof structure of the building 1 shown. The roof construction also belongs to the building envelope 2, which is in the Roof area has a building inside shuttering 11 and a plurality of rafters 12. The formwork 11 is arranged towards the building interior and is usually connected to the lower sides 13 of different rafters 12. Between adjacent rafters 12 are each rafter fields 14, which are bounded at the bottom of the formwork 11. The formwork 11 may be any component of any material that seals the rafter panels 14 to the building interior. The outside 15 of the formwork 11 has in the present case to the outside, ie away from the building interior.

In all the illustrated embodiments, it is now the case that the functional layer is applied to the outer side 15 of the formwork 11 at least in regions by brushing and / or spraying a film, which is referred to below as a spray film 10. The spray film 10 forms after application, so after application to the outside 15 of the formwork 11, an air and / or waterproof film, which preferably also has the properties of a vapor barrier.

In the Fig. 2 to 4 Different possibilities of forming the functional layer are shown. In all embodiments, it is such that the functional layer not only extends over the entire width of the rafter field 14, but is also provided on the rafter sides 16. In this case, the functional layer each extends over a partial height of the rafter side 16. As is apparent from the in Fig. 2 shown two rafter fields 14 results, the functional layer, which is completely formed in this embodiment of the spray film 10, only a small part or almost completely extend over the entire rafter height. The rafter top 17 is according to the embodiment Fig. 2 uncoated so that unimpeded drying of the wood to the outside is possible.

In the embodiment according to Fig. 3 For example, the functional layer has a foil strip 18 applied to the outside 15, wherein a strip of spray foil 10 is provided at the edge on both edges. At the left rafter field 14 of the Fig. 3 it is the case that first the right spray film 10 has been applied. Subsequently, the film strip 18 has been placed, in such a way that the film strip 18 and the spray film 10 overlap. Subsequently the left spray film 10 has been applied, wherein here also an overlap with the film strip 18 takes place. Moreover, it is in the right spray film strip so that this - albeit only partially - on the rafter top 17 protrudes. It is understood that this is not necessarily the case. In the right rafter compartment 14 in the embodiment according to Fig. 3 First, the film strip 18 has been placed on the outside 15 of the formwork 11. Subsequently, the spray film strip 10 are then applied edge side. Again, there is an overlap of the spray film 10 with the film strip 18.

In the embodiment according to Fig. 4 is located on the rafter top 17 another spray 19th It is in the left rafter 12 according to Fig. 4 so that the spray film 19 has been applied first. Subsequently, the spray film 10 has been applied. The spray foil 10 and the further spray foil 19 overlap in the transition area. At the middle rafter 12 according to Fig. 4 it is so that the first spray film 10 has been applied, except for the rafter top 17. Subsequently, the further spray film 19 has been applied, this results in an overlap on the left side, while this is not the case on the right side , There is even an uncoated gap.

Instead of the further spray film 19 may be applied to the rafter top 17 and another film strip, which then has the same properties as the other spray 19.

In Fig. 5 a roof structure of a building envelope 2 is shown. In this case, the functional layer is applied to the outer side 15 of the formwork 11 as a spray film 10, which extends to the rafter sides 16. The Spzühfolie 10 is accordingly - seen in cross section - U-shaped. On the rafter tops 17 another spray 19 is applied. While the further spray film 19 is open to diffusion, the spray film 10 is a vapor barrier. The spray film 10 and the further spray film 9 thus have different sd values. In the rafter fields 14 a thermal insulation material 20 is introduced. On the further spray film 19, a further formwork 21 is applied, which ultimately rests on the rafters 11 and is fixed thereto.

Above the other formwork 21 is a lower cover web 22, which is in this case open to diffusion. Instead of the lower web 22, a further spray film with corresponding properties, in the present case so that it is open to diffusion, can also be provided. Above the underlay membrane 22 there is a counter-battens 23 and, in turn, a battens 24. The outer roof skin is presently formed by a hard cover 25 in the form of a tile roof.

It should be pointed out that the Fig. 5 shows a possible embodiment of a roof structure in a building envelope 2 according to the invention. For example, it is readily possible to provide above the rafters 11 Aufsparrendämmung or doubling. On the other formwork could be dispensed with in principle. Instead of a hard cover in the form of a tile roof could also be provided a metal roof, moreover.

It should also be pointed out that the in the Fig. 2 to 5 In principle, embodiments illustrated in the area of the facade can also be realized in the case of a stud work. The present invention is therefore not limited to the roof area, but extends in particular to the facade area, in which case instead of the rafters stand are provided.

In the in the 6 to 20 illustrated embodiments, it is such that the functional layer of the building envelope 2, which is at least substantially not externally at least substantially outside the building envelope 2, at least in some areas applied by spraying or brushing film which forms an air- and / or waterproof film after application. The aforementioned film applied by spraying and / or brushing is hereinafter referred to as spray film 10, without being limited to the application by spraying.

In connection with the Fig. 1 It should be pointed out that the spray foil 10 may in principle be provided over the full area in the entire area of the building envelope 1, that is to say on the facade 3 and in the area of the roof 4. In this case, the spray film forms the functional layer. The same applies if the spray film is applied only partially, so not the entire surface. In the embodiments described below, it is the case that the functional layer has a composite construction film 112 in addition to the spray film 10.

Under composite film is ultimately understood a film layer that can be composed on one or more tracks. Incidentally, the term "Bauverbundfolie" includes films for protection against external factors, in particular underlayment, Unterdeck- and façade membranes, as well as tracks to protect against internal factors, in particular air and vapor barriers / brakes. If the term "composite construction film" is used below, this may in principle mean any of the aforementioned webs.

In a combination of a spray film 10 with a composite construction film 112, it is particularly appropriate to cover large area and easy-to-install areas on the composite film 112, while in such areas where the connection of the composite film is difficult or impossible for connection technical reasons or the composite construction film for Connection of components is cut or cut, the spray film 10 is applied.

In Fig. 6 an installation situation is shown, which shows that the composite construction film 112 is prepared during installation by a detail to be connected in the region of the detail such that the composite construction film 112 rests flatly on the substrate 113. For this purpose, the composite building films 112 is folded in the detail immediately adjacent area or provided with a convolution 114 and attached to the substrate 113 with nails 115 or not shown brackets. After creating a secure flatness of the composite construction film 112, the spray film 10 can then be applied in the detail area to be connected.

In Fig. 7 an installation situation is shown, in which a Kehlsparren 116, rafters 117, Kehlschalung 118 and a composite construction film 112 are shown. In the illustrated embodiment, it is such that the composite construction film 112 meeting one another from both sides of the throat can easily be connected to one another by applied spray film 10.

In Fig. 8 an installation situation with a throat bar 120 and a rafter 121 is shown. The composite construction film 112 is cut out in the region of the fillet beam 120, namely around it, so that an opening 122 results. Subsequently, the area of the opening 122 and the adjacent region of the composite construction film 112 equipped with spray film 10, so that the closed functional layer 10 results.

In Fig. 9 an installation situation in connection with an antenna 9 is shown. It should be pointed out that instead of the antenna 9, in principle, a pipe or a fan could be provided.

The composite construction film 112 is cut out in the penetration area of the antenna 9, so that the opening 122 results. Subsequently, the opening region and the immediately adjacent region of the composite construction film 112 is provided with a spray film 10, so that then an air- and watertight connection and thus a correspondingly dense functional layer 10 results.

Fig. 10 shows one of the Fig. 9 comparable installation or connection situation, wherein instead of the antenna 9, a cable 123 is provided. Otherwise, reference may be made to the above statements.

In Fig. 11 an installation situation is shown in which the connection to a wall 124 is shown. The wall connection is ultimately representative of rising components. Instead of the wall 124 so other rising components can be provided. Adjacent to the wall 124 is a rafter 121, on which a composite construction film 112 is applied. At the end, the composite construction film 112 is folded in the direction of the wall 124. The connection of the composite building film 112 to the wall 124 takes place via the spray film 10, which is applied on the edge of the composite building film 112 and the adjacent wall area. This ultimately results in the air and water tightness of the functional layer.

Fig. 12 shows a connection situation for a chimney 8. Here, the composite construction film 112 is cut out in the region of the chimney 8, so that the opening 122 results. Subsequently, the connection via the spray film 10, which then overlaps, as in the other embodiments, on the one hand, the composite construction film 112 and on the other hand, the chimney 8 in the connection area. The overlap should preferably be greater than 2 cm, preferably greater than 5 cm and in particular in the range between 7 cm and 15 cm.

Incidentally, it should be pointed out that the in Fig. 12 illustrated chimney connection only representative of comparable connections, such as windows, in particular roof windows and roof windows is to be considered.

The FIGS. 13 and 14 show a connection situation in which two composite building films 112, which overlap, are connected to one another via a spray film 10. Finally, the end-side joints of the composite construction films 112, which overlap, are masked and sealed over the spray film 10. It is understood that in the FIGS. 13 and 14 illustrated embodiment, not only in the field of end-side shocks, but also on the longitudinal joints or edges of Bauverbundfolien 112 application can be found.

Again, it should be noted that the aforementioned installation situations represent only selected applications. It is understood that the spray film 15 may in principle be provided at all hard to reach places, the spray film 10 is then adjusted by their properties according to the structural requirements.

The in the 15 to 20 illustrated embodiments ultimately relate to repair applications that are not the subject of the invention Fig. 15 a situation is shown in which in the composite construction film 112, a crack 125 is located. Cracks of the type in question usually have a width of less than 3 mm, preferably less than 2 mm, in particular less than 1 mm. The length of such cracks can be arbitrary. Cracks of this type can be repaired quickly and easily by applying the spray film 10 to achieve air and water tightness.

In the in the FIGS. 17 and 18 illustrated embodiment, a gap 126 is shown schematically as a defect in the composite construction film 112. The gap 126 usually has a gap width between 3 mm to 20 mm, preferably between 3 mm and 10 mm. To bridge the defect, a support structure 127 is presently provided in the form of a fleece. The fleece may have a basis weight between 10 and 80 g / m ² , preferably between 10 and 50 g / m ² and in particular between 10 and 30 g / m ² . About the support structure 127, the spray film 10 is applied, which then also on the surrounding Adheres area of the composite film and ensures a dense functional layer 10.

Finally, the show FIGS. 19 and 20 a comparatively simple embodiment in which so-called nail or Tackerstellen, are driven into the nails 115, chambers or the like fasteners through the composite construction film 112, are sealed by the spray film 10 accordingly. It is understood that, for example, in the embodiment according to Fig. 6 a corresponding seal may also be provided in the region of the nail 115.

In all the aforementioned embodiments, in which the application of the spray film 10 is effected by spraying, it is such that the spray application can be carried out by various devices. These may, for example, be so-called airless devices, airmix devices and spray cans. The distance from the nozzle or outlet opening of the respective device to the surface to be sprayed should be about 30 cm.

Various embodiments of the spray or liquid film were tested in the laboratory for their suitability as a vapor barrier for various relevant properties. The results are shown in Tables 1a, 1b, 2a and 2b according to FIGS. 21 to 24 shown. On the basis of five samples with the quantities shown in Tables 1a and 1b, the water vapor diffusion equivalent air layer thickness s _d and the water vapor diffusion resistance coefficient μ were determined, which provides information on the suitability as a vapor barrier. Both series of measurements were taken in different climatic conditions. The results show that for an optimum vapor barrier, the effect of which depends on the thickness thereof, a (wet) layer of 100 to 1000 g / N ^{2 is to be} applied, the surface mass of the film being 80 to 500 g / N ² in the cured state , This corresponds to a film thickness of about 80 to 500 microns.

Claims (13)

1. A functional layer of a building shell (2), wherein the functional layer has at least a composite construction foil and area by area a foil (10) applied by painting, which after application forms an air- and/or water-tight film, wherein the foil (10) is applied in areas, in which no composite construction foil is provided and/or the composite construction foil is cut in or cut out for a connection or a component and/or two composite construction foils overlap, so that after application of the foil (10) an adhesion or sealing occurs, and wherein the viscosity of the material of the foil (10) is in the range between 5,000 and 25,000 mPa per sec.
2. A functional layer according to claim 1, characterized in that the foil (10) is formed as a vapor barrier.
3. A building shell with a functional layer according to claim 1 or 2.
4. A building shell (2) according to claim 3, characterized in that the building shell (2) has a shuttering (11) on the building inner side and a plurality of rafters (12) with rafter fields (14) provided between the rafters (12) and the shuttering (11), wherein the functional layer is applied at least area by area by painting the foil (10) on the external side (15) of the shuttering (11).
5. A method for the production of a functional layer of a building shell (2), wherein the functional layer has at least a composite construction foil and area by area foil (10) applied by painting and/or spraying, which after application forms an air- and/or water-tight film, wherein the foil (10) is applied in areas, in which no composite construction foil is provided and/or the composite construction foil is cut in or cut out for a connection or a component and/or two composite construction foils overlap, so that after application of the foil (10) an adhesion or sealing occurs, and wherein the viscosity of the material of the foil (10) for the painting application is in the range between 5,000 and 25,000 mPa per sec.
6. A method according to claim 5, wherein the building shell (2) has a shuttering (11) on the building inner side and a plurality of rafters (12) with rafter fields (14) provided between the rafters (12) and the shuttering (11), wherein the foil (10) is applied at least area by area by painting and/or spraying on the external side (15) of the shuttering (11).
7. A method according to claim 5, characterized in that at least one air- and/or water-tight foil strip (18), in particular designed as a vapor barrier, running along the rafter fields (14) is applied to the shuttering (11) and that, preferably, the longitudinal edges of the foil strip (18) and the foil (10) overlap.
8. A method according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the foil (10) is applied to at least one, in particular both rafter sides (16) of the rafters (12) of a rafter bay (14) at least up to a partial height.
9. A method according to one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that the foil (10) emanating from the shuttering (11) is applied to the rafter side (16) over a rafters height between 10 to 90%, preferably 20 to 80% and in particular over 30% and/or that the sd-value of the foil (10) and/or the foil strip amounts to a relative humidity of 40% more than 1.5 m, preferably more than 0.8 m, more preferred more than 1.3 m and in particular more than 1.9 m.
10. A method according to one of claims 5 to 9, characterized in that a diffusion-open further foil strip and/or a diffusion-open further foil (19) is applied at least area by area to the rafter top (17) by spraying or painting.
11. A method according to one of claims 5 to 10, characterized in that the sd-value of the further foil strip or the further foil (19) is less than 0.5 m, preferably less than 0.3 m and in particular less than 0.09 m.
12. A method according to one of claims 5 to 11, characterized in that the foil (10) and the further foil (19) or the further foil strip overlap, preferably in the area of the rafter sides (16).
13. A method according to one of claims 5 to 12, characterized in that a thermal insulating material (20) is introduced into the rafter bay (14) and/or above the rafters (12) a further shuttering (21) and/or a further thermal insulating material and/or an under-deck foil (22) and/or a further diffusion-open foil applied by spraying or painting and/or a diffusion-open separating layer and/or a counter lathing (23) and/or a support lathing (24) and/or a hard outer cover is applied.

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