EP0397562A1 - Sicherheitsvorrichtung für Röntgenanlagen - Google Patents

Sicherheitsvorrichtung für Röntgenanlagen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0397562A1
EP0397562A1 EP90401231A EP90401231A EP0397562A1 EP 0397562 A1 EP0397562 A1 EP 0397562A1 EP 90401231 A EP90401231 A EP 90401231A EP 90401231 A EP90401231 A EP 90401231A EP 0397562 A1 EP0397562 A1 EP 0397562A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cathode
sheath
safety device
ray
filament
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP90401231A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0397562B1 (de
Inventor
Jacques Le Guen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric CGR SA
Original Assignee
General Electric CGR SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by General Electric CGR SA filed Critical General Electric CGR SA
Publication of EP0397562A1 publication Critical patent/EP0397562A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0397562B1 publication Critical patent/EP0397562B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05G—X-RAY TECHNIQUE
    • H05G1/00—X-ray apparatus involving X-ray tubes; Circuits therefor
    • H05G1/08—Electrical details
    • H05G1/26—Measuring, controlling or protecting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05G—X-RAY TECHNIQUE
    • H05G1/00—X-ray apparatus involving X-ray tubes; Circuits therefor
    • H05G1/02—Constructional details
    • H05G1/025—Means for cooling the X-ray tube or the generator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05G—X-RAY TECHNIQUE
    • H05G1/00—X-ray apparatus involving X-ray tubes; Circuits therefor
    • H05G1/02—Constructional details
    • H05G1/04—Mounting the X-ray tube within a closed housing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05G—X-RAY TECHNIQUE
    • H05G1/00—X-ray apparatus involving X-ray tubes; Circuits therefor
    • H05G1/08—Electrical details
    • H05G1/26—Measuring, controlling or protecting
    • H05G1/54—Protecting or lifetime prediction

Definitions

  • the invention relates to radiology devices and, more particularly in such devices, a safety device for the X-ray unit comprising the X-ray source (tube) and the means ensuring protection against ionizing radiation and electric shock.
  • X-ray tubes for medical diagnosis for example, generally consist of a diode, that is to say with a cathode and an anode or anti-cathode, these two electrodes being enclosed in a vacuum-tight envelope which allows to provide electrical isolation between these two electrodes.
  • the cathode produces an electron beam and the anode receives these electrons on a small surface which constitutes a focus from which the X-rays are emitted.
  • anodic current When the high supply voltage is applied across the cathode and the anode, so that the cathode is at negative potential, a current called anodic current is established in the circuit, through a generator producing the high supply voltage; the anode current crosses the space between the cathode and the anode in the form of a beam of electrons which bombard the hearth.
  • the rotary anode of the conventional type has the general shape of a disc, having an axis of symmetry around which it is rotated by means of an electric motor; the electric motor has a stator located outside the envelope, and a rotor mounted in the envelope of the X-ray tube and arranged along the axis of symmetry, the rotor being mechanically secured to the anode by the intermediate of a support shaft.
  • the energy dissipated in such a tube is high and it is therefore planned to cool it.
  • the tube is enclosed in an enclosure in which a cooling fluid, in particular oil, is circulated.
  • the fluid is itself cooled in an exchanger which can be of the air or water type.
  • a cooling device has thus been produced which operates continuously.
  • the X-ray tube emits only intermittently so that the dissipated energy is important during the examination phase itself, from a few seconds to a few minutes, and that it is practically zero during the rest time. necessary to change the patient. This results in significant disparities in the amount of heat to be removed depending on the phase considered, which leads in particular to significant variations in the temperatures of the materials of the tube used, variations which can adversely affect the proper functioning of the tube.
  • the oil contained in the enclosure of the sheath is therefore subjected to temperature rises which have for effect of producing an expansion of the volume of oil and, consequently, an overpressure inside the enclosure of said sheath.
  • the sheath is equipped with a membrane which, as it moves, increases or decreases the volume of the enclosure containing the cooling oil.
  • the ducts are equipped with alarm devices which detect an excessive increase in the volume of the enclosure, that is to say a displacement of the expansion membrane, and provide a signal of alarm, for example using a microswitch associated with said membrane.
  • Other alarm devices measure the temperature or the pressure and provide an alarm signal when the measured values exceed a certain threshold.
  • An object of the present invention is therefore to provide a safety device the action of which is independent of the shutdown device of the high voltage generator, which eliminates the risks resulting from the failure of the latter.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a security device which cannot be deactivated by the users.
  • the invention relates to a safety device for an X-ray assembly of a radiology device which comprises an X-ray tube enclosed in a sheath filled with a coolant, said tube comprising an anode brought to a high voltage by a voltage generator and a cathode, comprising at least one filament connected to an electrical supply circuit, characterized in that it comprises at least one device sensitive to temperature or to pressure which is placed inside the sheath and connected in series in the electrical supply circuit of the cathode filament so that the electrical supply of the filament is cut off when the temperature or the pressure exceeds a predetermined threshold.
  • the temperature sensitive device is a thermostat and the pressure sensitive one is a pressure switch.
  • One or the other or both can be used in series in the supply circuit, which increases safety.
  • a device for detecting the supply current and a cut-off device for the voltage generator which is controlled by the current detection device so as to cut the generator.
  • the current detector detects the interruption of the cathode electrical supply.
  • the supply current detection device can be replaced by an X-ray detector emitted by the X-ray tube.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown an X-ray tube 11 which is arranged in a cooling sheath 12.
  • the X-ray tube 11 has a glass envelope 13 in which a high vacuum is produced. Inside this envelope 13 are arranged an emissive cathode 14 and an anode 15 which, in the particular case, is rotating.
  • the anode 15 is mounted at the end of a rotor 16 which cooperates with a stator 17 placed outside the casing 13.
  • the cooling sheath 12 is for example made by the watertight assembly of four parts referenced 18,19,20 and 21.
  • Part 18, which is substantially central, carries the exit window 22 for X-ray radiation.
  • the end parts 20 and 21 are closed at their ends and bear one one inlet port 23 for the coolant and the other an outlet port 24 for this liquid.
  • Parts 18 and 20 are connected through part 19.
  • the cooling fluid circulates in the space 25 between the envelope 13 and the internal walls of the sheath 12 and is therefore in contact with the glass envelope 13 so as to cool it.
  • the electric supply cables of the X-ray tube penetrate into the sheath 12 through the orifice 29 for the cathode 14 and the orifice 30 for the anode 15.
  • These orifices 29 and 30 are fitted with insulating pads 31 and 32 of cylindrical shape which are tightly mounted.
  • These studs end inside the sheath with electrical terminals 26, 27 and 28 for the stud 31 and 33, 34 35 and 48 for the stud 32.
  • these electrical terminals are connected to the conductors of each power supply cable.
  • the electrical terminals 26, 27 and 28 are connected to the cathode 14 composed of two filaments 39 and 40 by three electrical conductors 36, 37 and 38.
  • the electrical terminal 48 is connected so as to bring the rotating anode 15 to a high positive voltage with respect to the cathode, the latter being at a negative voltage. Furthermore, the electrical terminals 33, 34 and 35 are connected to the stator 17 of the motor.
  • the safety device mainly consists of a thermostat and / or a pressure switch which is connected in series in the circuit electric supply of the cathode filament (s) and which is placed in the coolant of the sheath enclosure.
  • FIG. 2 very schematically represents the main elements of the X-ray tube of FIG. 1, elements which then bear the same references in the two figures. Also shown in this figure 2, the electrical diagram for supplying the cathode 14.
  • the cathode has two filaments 39 and 40 whose common point is connected to the conductor 37 while the ends are connected to the conductors 36 and 38.
  • each filament serves to create on the anode 15 a source of X-ray sources which has particular characteristics.
  • the electrical terminals 26, 27 and 28, on the one hand and 33, 34 and 48 and 48, on the other hand, are respectively connected to a supply device 41 by means of conductors 26 ′, 27 ′ and 28 ′ for the cathode electrical cable and 33 ′, 34 ′ 35 ′ and 48 ′ for the anode electrical cable.
  • the thermostat or the pressure switch is connected in series in the common conductor 37 and is referenced 42. From the electrical point of view, it is a switch 43 which is normally closed and which opens when the temperature and / or the pressure exceeds a certain threshold. From the mechanical point of view, it is disposed in the sheath and carried either by the stud 31, or by the base of the cathode.
  • the safety device has only one element, a thermostat or a pressure switch, but a thermostat and a pressure switch can be connected in series so as to increase safety in the event of failure of the a. Furthermore, when only one device is used, it is preferable use a pressure switch because it can detect an overpressure in the coolant, whereas a thermostat may not detect a localized temperature increase anywhere in the duct.
  • the operation of the safety device according to the invention is simple: as soon as the temperature and / or the pressure exceeds the setting threshold of the thermostat and / or the pressure switch, the switch 43 opens and the filament 39 or 40 which was powered no longer is. As a result, there is no longer any emission of electrons or X-rays, this emission of electrons being the main source of the heating of the tube-coolant-sheath assembly.
  • the invention provides a device for detecting the absence of emission of electrons and X-rays so as to cut off the high voltage generator.
  • This detection device can be constituted by a cathode current detector placed outside the sheath on the low voltage part of the heating transformer 44.
  • a relay 46 which, in the event cutting the cathode supply current during normal operation, controls the stopping of the high voltage by means of a contact 45 placed on the low voltage supply of the transformer 47 high voltage supply.
  • the security device according to the invention could replace the safety devices, external to the sheath, which are currently used. However, it is preferable that this new safety device is added to the previous ones so as to constitute the last link of the safety system in case all the others have been faulty or neutralized.
  • the different triggering thresholds of the different safety devices must be provided so that the devices inside the sheath, those of the invention, only trigger for higher values of temperature and / or pressure than those of the devices exteriors.
  • the new security device which has just been described has the following advantages over existing devices: - It does not initially cut the high voltage generator, which avoids the risk due to the failure of the cut-off relay of said generator; - its position inside the sheath makes it inaccessible to the user and therefore cannot be neutralized; - It is autonomous because it does not need to be electrically supplied by a separate circuit and it cuts the cathode supply current itself.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • X-Ray Techniques (AREA)
EP90401231A 1989-05-10 1990-05-09 Sicherheitsvorrichtung für Röntgenanlagen Expired - Lifetime EP0397562B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8906095A FR2646982B1 (fr) 1989-05-10 1989-05-10 Dispositif de securite pour ensemble radiogene
FR8906095 1989-05-10

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0397562A1 true EP0397562A1 (de) 1990-11-14
EP0397562B1 EP0397562B1 (de) 1994-01-12

Family

ID=9381518

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90401231A Expired - Lifetime EP0397562B1 (de) 1989-05-10 1990-05-09 Sicherheitsvorrichtung für Röntgenanlagen

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US5008916A (de)
EP (1) EP0397562B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH034499A (de)
DE (1) DE69005896T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2646982B1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0526319A1 (de) * 1991-07-31 1993-02-03 General Electric Cgr S.A. Sicherheitsvorrichtung in einem Röntgenapparat

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2675630B1 (fr) * 1991-04-17 1993-07-16 Gen Electric Cgr Dispositif de blindage d'un stator de moteur pour anode tournante de tube a rayons x.
DE4401066A1 (de) * 1994-01-15 1995-07-20 Philips Patentverwaltung Röntgenstrahler mit einem Temperaturfühler
US6542577B1 (en) * 2000-08-18 2003-04-01 Koninklijke Philips Electronics, N.V. Hermetically sealed stator cord for x-ray tube applications
JP4541536B2 (ja) * 2000-12-25 2010-09-08 エスアイアイ・ナノテクノロジー株式会社 放電検出回路。
JP4262042B2 (ja) * 2003-10-09 2009-05-13 ジーイー・メディカル・システムズ・グローバル・テクノロジー・カンパニー・エルエルシー 熱発生装置、ｘ線撮像装置およびｘ線装置過熱防止方法
JP2005185718A (ja) * 2003-12-26 2005-07-14 Ge Medical Systems Global Technology Co Llc 放射線断層撮像装置および撮像方法
JP2014107158A (ja) * 2012-11-28 2014-06-09 Canon Inc 放射線発生装置

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2290322A (en) * 1940-09-27 1942-07-21 Picker X Ray Corp Waite Mfg X-ray tube safety switch
DE738296C (de) * 1937-02-28 1943-08-10 Electricitaetsgesellschaft San Vorrichtung zur Vermeidung oertlicher UEberhitzung bei raeumlich einstellbaren, mit einem Isolier- und Kuehlmittel gefuellten Behaeltern fuer Roentgenroehren
US4032788A (en) * 1973-09-12 1977-06-28 U.S. Philips Corporation Circuit arrangement for supervising the loading of an x-ray tube
US4386320A (en) * 1978-09-15 1983-05-31 Lafrance Robert R X-Ray system signal derivation circuits for heat unit indicators and/or calibration meters
DE3212528A1 (de) * 1982-04-03 1983-10-13 Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz AG, 5000 Köln Verfahren und vorrichtung zur ueberwachung des betriebs einer roentgenroehre eines analysengeraetes, insbesondere fuer zementrohmehl
EP0283688A1 (de) * 1987-02-20 1988-09-28 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Röntgenstrahler

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5130772B1 (de) * 1970-06-11 1976-09-02
US3898465A (en) * 1973-03-05 1975-08-05 Haim Zaklad Imaging transducer for radiation particles
JPS60212999A (ja) * 1984-04-07 1985-10-25 Hitachi Medical Corp Ｘ線装置
NL8500875A (nl) * 1985-03-26 1986-10-16 Ver Nl Kanker Inst Beelddetector voor hoogenergetische fotonenbundels.
FR2588180A1 (fr) * 1985-10-08 1987-04-10 Thomson Cgr Appareil d'examen radiologique
FR2588961B1 (fr) * 1985-10-22 1987-11-20 Thomson Cgr Appareil de radiologie a balayage

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE738296C (de) * 1937-02-28 1943-08-10 Electricitaetsgesellschaft San Vorrichtung zur Vermeidung oertlicher UEberhitzung bei raeumlich einstellbaren, mit einem Isolier- und Kuehlmittel gefuellten Behaeltern fuer Roentgenroehren
US2290322A (en) * 1940-09-27 1942-07-21 Picker X Ray Corp Waite Mfg X-ray tube safety switch
US4032788A (en) * 1973-09-12 1977-06-28 U.S. Philips Corporation Circuit arrangement for supervising the loading of an x-ray tube
US4386320A (en) * 1978-09-15 1983-05-31 Lafrance Robert R X-Ray system signal derivation circuits for heat unit indicators and/or calibration meters
DE3212528A1 (de) * 1982-04-03 1983-10-13 Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz AG, 5000 Köln Verfahren und vorrichtung zur ueberwachung des betriebs einer roentgenroehre eines analysengeraetes, insbesondere fuer zementrohmehl
EP0283688A1 (de) * 1987-02-20 1988-09-28 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Röntgenstrahler

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0526319A1 (de) * 1991-07-31 1993-02-03 General Electric Cgr S.A. Sicherheitsvorrichtung in einem Röntgenapparat
FR2679762A1 (fr) * 1991-07-31 1993-02-05 Gen Electric Cgr Dispositif de securite dans un appareil de radiologie.
US5285492A (en) * 1991-07-31 1994-02-08 General Electric Cgr S.A. Safety device in a radiology machine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0397562B1 (de) 1994-01-12
DE69005896D1 (de) 1994-02-24
DE69005896T2 (de) 1994-07-07
FR2646982B1 (fr) 1992-02-07
US5008916A (en) 1991-04-16
JPH034499A (ja) 1991-01-10
FR2646982A1 (fr) 1990-11-16

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