EP0395290B1 - Structure de toiture - Google Patents
Structure de toiture Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0395290B1 EP0395290B1 EP90304149A EP90304149A EP0395290B1 EP 0395290 B1 EP0395290 B1 EP 0395290B1 EP 90304149 A EP90304149 A EP 90304149A EP 90304149 A EP90304149 A EP 90304149A EP 0395290 B1 EP0395290 B1 EP 0395290B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- roof
- sheeting
- supporting
- corrugated
- battens
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000003195 fascia Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000282320 Panthera leo Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011120 plywood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010454 slate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004078 waterproofing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D1/00—Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements
- E04D1/02—Grooved or vaulted roofing elements
- E04D1/04—Grooved or vaulted roofing elements of ceramics, glass or concrete, with or without reinforcement
- E04D1/045—Vaulted roofing elements laid alternately side-up and side-down, e.g. monks and nuns tiles
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D1/00—Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements
- E04D1/34—Fastenings for attaching roof-covering elements to the supporting elements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D12/00—Non-structural supports for roofing materials, e.g. battens, boards
- E04D12/004—Battens
- E04D12/006—Batten-supporting means
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
- E04D13/004—Protection against birds, mice or the like
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D3/00—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets
- E04D3/36—Connecting; Fastening
- E04D3/3608—Connecting; Fastening for double roof covering or overroofing
Definitions
- the invention relates to roofing, and is particularly suitable for the construction of tiled or slated roofs.
- underlay such as roofing felt
- roofing felt In a conventional roof, sheets of underlay, such as roofing felt, are laid over a timber framework formed by the rafters, and tiles or slates are laid on top of the underlay.
- the underlay thus forms a secondary barrier to water penetration.
- Low-pitch roofs of this type are particularly prone to problems, a major one being that of water ingress. As the roof is relatively flat, water or snow may collect on the tiles or slates and then seep between the tiles or slates. The low pitch of the roof also means that wind can blow water underneath the tiles or slates. Pantiles are particularly likely to allow water to creep beneath them, due to their shape.
- the roofing felt underlay is the only barrier to prevent water from entering the building. Often it does not prove to be an effective barrier, as the roofing felt tends to sag between the rafters on which it is laid, creating gaps between adjacent overlapping sheets.
- a further drawback of known tiled or slated roof structure is that they provide very little thermal insulation.
- CH-A-219877 describes roof comprising a roof-supporting structure, corrugated waterproof sheeting supported by the structure and covering substantially the entire roof in a waterproof manner, and tiles overlying the corrugated waterproof sheeting.
- the waterproof sheeting has its corrugations running down the slope of the roof and is supported from below across its entire width by boarding or the like.
- DE-A-1784371 describes a roof structure in which a corrugated sheeting is laid under the battens which are fixed by nailing into rafters. In one embodiment ceiling boards are placed below the corrugated sheeting.
- the roof shown in the drawings comprises a timber framework on which sheets of corrugated waterproof material 12 are laid. Slates or tiles 20 of stone, clay, or concrete are then laid on top of the corrugated sheeting.
- roof trusses 1 are fixed in position extending from a ridgeboard 2 to a wall 3 of the building in the conventional manner.
- An undercloak 4 is fitted flush to the top of each gable wall 5 of the building at this stage.
- Purlins 6 are fixed across the roof trusses 1 at regular intervals, perpendicular to the trusses.
- An apron of waterproof material 7 may be fitted at the eaves of the roof structure, supported by plywood 8 and an inclined chamfered board 9 secured to a fascia board 10. The outer edge of the apron overhangs the fascia board.
- the arrangement causes the lower margin of the corrugated sheeting 12 adjacent the eaves to slope at a lesser angle to the horizontal than the remainder of the sheeting, as can be seen in Figure 7.
- Supporting battens 11 are laid on top of the purlins, parallel to the roof trusses.
- the supporting battens 11 are spaced apart at regular intervals, to coincide with whole numbers of corrugations of corrugated waterproof sheets 12 (figs. 2 and 3) and are fixed in place by nails or analogous means to the purlins.
- the corrugated sheets 12 are laid on top of the framework of roof trusses 1, purlins 6 and supporting battens 11, so that the corrugations run parallel to the roof trusses and supporting battens.
- Each supporting batten runs underneath a crest 13 (fig. 3) of a corrugation of the corrugated sheets.
- the corrugated sheets are preferably about 3mm thick and made into a monolayer from organic fibres impregnated with bitumen under high pressure and at high temperature.
- Such a corrugated material is sold under the Trade Mark “Onduline” by Onduline Building Products Ltd., London.
- each sheet of corrugated material may be used in the construction of a roof, and each sheet overlaps its neighbours. Where the overlap is between adjacent sheets at different heights on the roof, the sheets are arranged so that the lower edge of the higher sheet overlays the upper edge of the lowe sheet. Therefore, any water running down the corrugations does not enter the building at these overlaps.
- the layer of corrugated material covers the entire roof structure in a watertight manner.
- the corrugated sheets 12 are fixed in position with nails 14 (fig. 3).
- the nails are positioned at regular intervals, and each nail passes through a crest 13 (fig. 3) of a corrugation and into a purlin 6.
- the corrugated sheets 12 are supported by a framework of purlins 6 and roof trusses.
- a gas-permeable filler 15 made of polyethylene foam is positioned on the lowest purlin 6a, and the corrugated sheets 12 fit flush onto the filler.
- the filler 15 prevents the entry into the roof structure of dust, birds and other foreign material, whilst still permitting the passage of air.
- Tiling battens 16 (figs. 2 and 3) are laid on top of corrugated sheets 12, parallel to the purlins 6 and spaced at regular intervals at a pitch appropriate to the size and type of tile or slate.
- the tiling battens 16 are fixed in position with nails 17 (fig. 3). Each nail passes through a crest 13 of a corrugation of the corrugated sheets, and into one of the supporting battens 11 which lies beneath the crest of the corrugation (fig. 3).
- the tiling battens 16 are supported by the corrugated sheets 12 and the supporting battens 11.
- a bird comb 18 may be positioned at the eaves of the roof structure to prevent the entry of birds.
- a bargeboard 19 is fixed at the junction of the roof with the side walls 5.
- Tiles or slates 20 are hung on the tiling battens 16 in the normal manner, and guttering 21 may be fitted to the fascia board 10 at the eaves in the usual way.
- Figures 4 and 5 show a modification of the roof structure of Figures 1 to 3.
- the purlins 6 are set at regular intervals corresponding to the gauge of the tiles or slates eventually to be used.
- the supporting battens 11 are omitted, the corrugated sheeting 12 being placed directly over the purlins 6.
- the tiling battens 16 are placed directly over the purlins and secured in place by nailing to the purlins 6
- Rigid steel bridge members 40 are placed at intervals over the ridges in the corrugated sheet and underneath the tiling battens at the points where the tiling battens are nailed to the purlins to support the tiling battens and prevent them crushing the corrugations in the sheeting.
- the bridge members are in the shape of an inverted U with a cross piece 43 and two diverging legs 44.
- the bottoms of the legs are curved to form smooth feet 41 which rest on the sheeting and do not damage it.
- the height H of the bridge member 40 corresponds to the depth of the corrugations and the spacing W of the feet 41 of the bridge member corresponds to the width of the corrugations.
- Each nail which secures the tiling batten to the purlin also passes through a hole 42 in the bridge member and through the crest of the corrugation in the sheeting and thus serves to hold the corrugated sheeting and bridging member in place.
- the bridging members do not prevent air flowing up the spaces formed by the corrugations from the eaves to the ridge of the roof on both sides of the sheeting.
- the embodiment of Figures 4 and 5 is the same as that of Figures 1 to 3.
- Figures 6 and 7 show a modification of the embodiment of Figures 4 and 5 which is identical in every respect except that the bridge members 40 are omitted.
- the tiling battens 16 are nailed to the purlins 6 through the crests of the corrugations, care being taken when driving in the nails not to drive them in too far and thus distort the corrugations of the sheeting.
- the invention therefore, provides a highly waterproof roof structure, as protection is provided both by the tiles or slates and by the underlaying sheet of corrugated material.
- the invention is particularly useful for low-pitch roofs or roofs with badly fitting tiles or slates, as even when water does seep between the tiles, it is prevented from entering the building by the corrugated waterproof underlay. Any water entering the roof simply runs down the troughs of the corrugations and leaves the building.
- Good waterproof sealing is possible between adjacent sheets of the waterproof material, so that water does not enter the building through gaps between the underlay sheets as can happen with conventional roofs. This effective sealing is partly due to the overlap of corrugations between adjacent sheets, which provides an interlocking junction between sheets, and partly due to the high bitumen content of the material used, so that one sheet adheres to the other.
- the positioning of nails through the crests of the corrugated sheets further prevents water seeping into the building. Any water present within the roof structure will collect in the troughs of the corrugated sheets, and as nails only perforate the crests, the likelihood of water entering building through these perforations is reduced.
- the invention also enables air-flow through the roof, due to the corrugated nature of the waterproof sheets, allowing evaporation of moisture present within the roof structure.
- a roof structure according to the invention is also thermally insulating. This results partly from the thickness of the corrugated sheets and partly from holding air within the structure due to the corrugations.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Roof Covering Using Slabs Or Stiff Sheets (AREA)
- Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
- Fluid-Driven Valves (AREA)
Claims (21)
- Toit comprenant une structure (1) de support de toit, une feuille ondulée étanche (12) supportée par la structure et recouvrant sensiblement la totalité du toit de façon étanche à l'eau, et des tuiles ou des ardoises (20) couvrant la feuille ondulée étanche (12) et reposant sur celle-ci, la feuille étanche (12) comprenant des fibres imprégnées de bitume et ayant ses ondulations suivant la pente du toit, la structure de support de toit comprenant des chevrons, la structure de support de toit comprenant également des moyens (6) supportant structurellement la feuille ondulée étanche (12) depuis le dessous sur toute sa largeur, lesdits moyens de support (6) étant fixés en fixant des moyens aux chevrons (1), la feuille ondulée étanche (12) étant fixée auxdits moyens de support (6) par des clous ou d'autres moyens de fixation (14) qui passent à travers des crêtes (13) des ondulations dans la feuille (12) dans les moyens de support à des points situés entre les chevrons, et la feuille ondulée (12) le long du bord inférieur du toit adjacent au larmier descendant en pente à un angle plus faible par rapport à l'horizontale que le reste.
- Toit selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la feuille ondulée étanche est d'une épaisseur d'au moins 3 mm et a été formée en imprégnant les fibres avec du bitume sous pression.
- Toit selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel les tuiles (20) sont supportées directement sur la feuille ondulée (12).
- Toit selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel des lattes (16) pour tuiles sont supportées au dessus de la feuille et les tuiles ou ardoises (20) sont supportées par les lattes pour tuiles.
- Toit selon la revendication 4, dans lequel les lattes pour tuiles sont fixées aux moyens de support par des clous ou d'autres moyens de fixation (17) s'étendant dans la structure de support de toit à travers des crêtes (13) des ondulations dans la feuille.
- Toit selon la revendication 4 ou 5, dans lequel des moyens formant entretoise (11, 40) sont prévus entre la structure de support de toit et les lattes (16) pour tuiles pour supporter les lattes (16) pour tuiles aux points où les lattes pour tuiles sont fixées à la structure de support de toit.
- Toit selon la revendication 4 ou 5, dans lequel la structure de support de toit comprend des lattes de support (11) positionnées de sorte que chacune se trouve sous une crête (13) différente dans les ondulations de la feuille, les lattes (16) pour tuiles étant fixées aux lattes de support (11) par des clous ou d'autres moyens de fixation (17).
- Toit selon la revendication 4 ou 5, dans lequel la structure de support du toit comprend des pannes (6) espacées à des intervalles correspondant au format des tuiles ou ardoises et dans lequel les lattes (16) pour tuiles se trouvent au-dessus des et en parallèle aux pannes et sont fixées aux pannes par des clous ou d'autres moyens de fixation (17).
- Toit selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la structure de support de toit comprend des pannes (6) perpendiculaires aux fermes ou chevrons et supportant des lattes (11) s'étendant parallèlement aux fermes ou chevrons (1) et supportées par les pannes (6).
- Toit selon la revendication 9, dans lequel les ondulations de la feuille (12) sont parallèles aux fermes (1), et chaque latte de support (11) se trouve sous la crête (13) d'une ondulation dans la feuille.
- Toit selon la revendication 8 ou 9, dans lequel la feuille ondulée étanche (12) est fixée aux pannes par des clous ou d'autres moyens de fixation (14) passant à travers des crêtes (13) des ondulations dans la feuille.
- Toit selon l'une quelconque des revendications 9, 10 ou 11, dans lequel les lattes (16) pour tuiles sont fixées aux lattes de support (11) par des clous (17) à travers des crêtes des ondulations dans la feuille (12), les lattes (16) pour tuiles étant perpendiculaires aux fermes ou chevrons (1).
- Toit selon l'une quelconque des revendications 4 à 12, dans lequel un élément rigide (40) formant pont est placé au-dessus de la crête de l'ondulation à chaque point où la latte (16) pour tuiles est clouée à la structure de support de toit pour supporter la latte pour tuiles.
- Toit selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, dans lequel la structure de support de toit comprend des fermes ou chevrons (1) couverts par des planches à recouvrement (51).
- Toit selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel les fibres de la feuille ondulée étanche (12) sont organiques.
- Toit selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel les fibres de la feuille ondulée étanche (12) sont imprégnées de bitume à haute température.
- Toit selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel un matériau de remplissage (15) perméable à l'air remplit l'espace entre la feuille ondulée étanche (12) et la structure de support de toit (6) à une position proche du larmier du toit.
- Structure de toit selon la revendication 17, dans lequel le matériau de remplissage (15) perméable à l'air est une mousse de polyéthylène.
- Toit selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel une structure de filtre (18) est positionnée par dessus les extrémités inférieures des ondulations au niveau du larmier pour empêcher l'entrée des oiseaux tout en permettant à l'air d'entrer dans l'espace du toit entre les tuiles et la feuille ondulée à travers l'extrémité inférieure de l'ondulation.
- Toit selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la structure de support comprend une planche chanfreinée inclinée (9) adjacente au larmier pour supporter le bord inférieur de la feuille ondulée (12) à l'angle le plus faible de la pente.
- Toit selon l'une-quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la structure de support de toit comprend des pannes (6) et dans lequel un tablier (7) en matériau étanche à l'eau s'étend depuis la panne la plus basse (6a) du toit jusqu'au bord le plus bas du toit, supporté par une planche inclinée (8).
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB898908698A GB8908698D0 (en) | 1989-04-18 | 1989-04-18 | Roof structure |
GB8908698 | 1989-04-18 | ||
GB8926660 | 1989-11-24 | ||
GB8926660A GB2233683B (en) | 1989-04-18 | 1989-11-24 | Roof structure |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0395290A1 EP0395290A1 (fr) | 1990-10-31 |
EP0395290B1 true EP0395290B1 (fr) | 1996-07-17 |
Family
ID=26295236
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP90304149A Expired - Lifetime EP0395290B1 (fr) | 1989-04-18 | 1990-04-18 | Structure de toiture |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0395290B1 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE140506T1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69027810T2 (fr) |
DK (1) | DK0395290T3 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2088967T3 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ES2037598B1 (es) * | 1991-08-27 | 1994-01-16 | Bodry Gerhard | "cubierta de edificio y procedimiento para su fabricacion" |
GB2318593A (en) * | 1996-10-24 | 1998-04-29 | David Frederick Martin | Roof batten spacer |
ES2178587B1 (es) * | 2000-12-28 | 2004-11-16 | Fernando Gordun Burillo | Lamina de impermeabilizacion. |
US20030000157A1 (en) * | 2001-05-11 | 2003-01-02 | Boral Lifetile Inc. | Eave riser extension for roof transitions |
ES2317718B1 (es) * | 2005-09-29 | 2009-12-17 | Verea, S.L. | Procedimiento para la colocacion de cubiertas autoventiladas en seco. |
FR3022927B1 (fr) * | 2014-06-26 | 2016-06-10 | Onduline Sa | Methode de conception d'une plaque ondulee et plaque ondulee obtenue |
GB2540823B (en) * | 2015-08-25 | 2017-09-06 | Wetheralds Construction Ltd | Roofing assembly |
CN107023126A (zh) * | 2017-06-02 | 2017-08-08 | 高志斌 | 一种轻型钢结构防水屋面抗风揭加固结构 |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH219877A (de) * | 1941-06-20 | 1942-03-15 | J & W Knabenhans Geb | Geneigtes Dach. |
CH241845A (de) * | 1944-10-13 | 1946-04-15 | Wuethrich Walter | Flachbedachung. |
CH340332A (de) * | 1958-04-29 | 1959-08-15 | Kummer Walter | Dach |
FR1223464A (fr) * | 1959-01-26 | 1960-06-17 | Cimt Comp Ind Mat Transport | Panneau, notamment destiné à l'exécution de couvertures |
DE1784371A1 (de) * | 1968-08-01 | 1971-08-05 | Richard Kellerhoff | Unterdach fuer Dachziegel aller Art mit wellenfoermig ausgebildeten Dichtungsbahnen oder Tafeln |
DE1945686A1 (de) * | 1969-09-10 | 1971-03-18 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Dachunterspannbahn |
FR2500039A1 (fr) * | 1981-02-17 | 1982-08-20 | Pioch Lucien | Bac metallique autoportant support de tuiles |
FR2532349B3 (fr) * | 1982-08-26 | 1985-06-14 | Eternit Financiere | Procede de pose de plaques support de tuiles canal |
US4690839A (en) * | 1984-01-26 | 1987-09-01 | Mitsuboshi Sangyo Co. Ltd. | Method for manufacturing thick asphalt sheet |
DE8632630U1 (de) * | 1986-12-05 | 1987-07-23 | Bieber, Heinz, 6339 Bischoffen | Befestigungselement |
FR2637633B1 (fr) * | 1988-10-12 | 1993-04-16 | Omnium Francais Indl Cal | Toit en tuiles plates, son procede de realisation, et element de support et repartition de charge pour un tel toit |
-
1990
- 1990-04-18 AT AT90304149T patent/ATE140506T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-04-18 DE DE69027810T patent/DE69027810T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-04-18 ES ES90304149T patent/ES2088967T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-04-18 DK DK90304149.9T patent/DK0395290T3/da active
- 1990-04-18 EP EP90304149A patent/EP0395290B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DK0395290T3 (da) | 1996-08-26 |
DE69027810D1 (de) | 1996-08-22 |
DE69027810T2 (de) | 1996-12-05 |
EP0395290A1 (fr) | 1990-10-31 |
ATE140506T1 (de) | 1996-08-15 |
ES2088967T3 (es) | 1996-10-01 |
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