Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
  • E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
  • E02D29/0258—Retaining or protecting walls characterised by constructional features
  • E02D29/0275—Retaining or protecting walls characterised by constructional features cast in situ
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
  • E02D5/18—Bulkheads or similar walls made solely of concrete in situ
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
  • E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
  • E02D5/76—Anchorings for bulkheads or sections thereof in as much as specially adapted therefor

Definitions

• This invention relates to concrete reinforcement apparatus.
• This invention has particular but not exclusive application to the reinforcement of continuously-cast concrete walls, and for illustrative purposes reference will be made to such application. However, it is to be understood that this invention could be used in other applications, such as the reinforcement of walls cast by an intermittent process.
• Excavations for building sites and tunnels frequently require the forming of retaining walls within the ground before material can be excavated away from one side of the walls to leave a stable excavation.
• Such walls may also be formed as foundation walls to carry loads down to suitable bearing material, and in this case, no subsequent excavation is carried out. Walls of this type may also be constructed to cut off ground water movement. Such walls have in the past been constructed by boring a line of holes and casting reinforced piles in a closely-spaced row.
• the present invention aims to alleviate the above disadvantages and to provide concrete reinforcement means and methods of forming continuous inground reinforced concrete walls which will be reliable and efficient in use. Other objects and advantages of this invention will hereinafter become apparent.
• this invention in one aspect resides broadly in a reinforcing frame for reinforcing a concrete wall cast within a trench, said reinforcing frame including:- reinforcing means for the internal reinforcement of said concrete wall; blocking means co-operable with the opposed side walls of the trench for blocking flow of wet concrete cast about said reinforcing frame at one side of said blocking means; and connector means for connecting said reinforcing frame to an adjacent reinforcing frame.
• the blocking means comprises a blocking plate of width and height sufficient to substantially block the flow of concrete between the section of trench containing the reinforcing frames and the advancing excavation.
• the blocking plate is attached to one side of the blocking frame, but of course it could be intermediate to thesides of the blocking frame if desired. If the blocking plate is attached to one end of the blocking frame, it is preferred that the connecter means be in the form of slides such as vertical slides formed integrally with the blocking plate and engaging with complementary slides attached to the adjacent end of a second reinforcing frame. In such a case, each reinforcing frame may be a blocking frame.
• the slides are formed by shaping or fabricating the closure plate to provide one or more guides which may engage slidably with the engagement means on the next reinforcing frame to provide a joint which limits relative movement between the two reinforcing frames in a horizontal plane and which, when the clearances in the joint are filled with a material of high compressive strength such as concrete, locks the two adjacent frames together.
• reinforcing frames may incorporate disposable inserts formed of material such as foamed plastics so that voids may be formed in the poured concrete for the location of tension members and blocks associated with anchoring of the panels.
• the blocking plates may be placed intermediate to the opposed sides of respective the reinforcing frames.
• the connection between the reinforcing frames may be made by engaging bar-like members or the like through overlapping loops projecting from adjacent reinforcing frames.
• connection means may be constituted by the provision of complementary engagable means which may take the form of a pair of metal plates formed with matching re-entrant profiles and attached to respective opposite sides of the reinforcing frames, which may be in the form of cages.
• edges of the blocking plate which are exposed in the finished wall may be covered with a plastics material or other non-corrosive material to retard corrosion in the blocking plate. Alternatively they may terminate inwardly ofthe trench wall to enable concrete to substantially cover the plates.
• this invention resides broadly in a method of forming a reinforced concrete wall including:-
• the elongate trench is excavated by a continuous process such as the use of a trenching machine as described in Australian Patent Application No. PH 6409.
• the concrete is placed behind trenching apparatus which is advanced to enable the next reinforcing frame to be inserted into the trench.
• this invention resides broadly in a reinforced concrete wall including, interconnected reinforcing extending the length of the wall and concrete sections substantially divided by blocking means associated with the reinforcing.
• sealing apparatus may be provided to temporarily seal any gaps which are present between the blocking plates and the side or base walls of the excavation due to irregularities in the walls.
• the sealing apparatus may consist of a frame engagableslidably along the vertical slides and carrying at its sides or base flexible seals adapted to provide an effective barrier to the passage of concrete therebeyond.
• the seals may be in the form of inflatable seals which are depressurised while the sealing apparatus is placed in the trench and which are inflated or filled after placement. The seals may be removable when the concrete adjacent the advancing face is partly set.
• intermediate sealing apparatus is provided to furnish a full-area barrier across the trench at a location remote from the vertical slides.
• the intermediate sealing apparatus may take the form of a frame with flexible seals along its sides or base.
• the flexible seals may be of the inflatable type or may be forced against the sides or base of the trench by actuators.
• the intermediate sealing apparatus may comprise a flexible tube which may be lowered vertically into the trench in the uninflated state, then inflated with pressurised fluid to block the cross-section of the trench.
• this invention resides in a method of producing a multi-tiered concrete retaining wall including:- (a) forming a concrete wall by the method described above; (b) excavating on one side of said wall to a depth equal to a selected fraction of the depth of the wall;
• tiers of retaining wall may be formed by repeating steps (b) to (e) as many times as is necessary. If required, the excavation of the depth of a wall may proceed in a number of stages, with the excavation proceeding to intermediate levels while the wall extending above these levels is retained by ground anchors.
• FIG. 1 is a side view of a reinforcement frame
• FIG. 2 is a top view of the reinforcement frame in an excavation
• FIG. 3 is a front view of a sealing apparatus
• FIG. 4 is a sectional top view of the sealing apparatus
• FIG. 5 is a front view of an intermediate sealing apparatus
• FIG. 6 is a top view of the intermediate sealing apparatus
• FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the construction of a two-tiered wall. -- DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT --
• a cage-like reinforcing frame assembly 10 is fabricated by welding together vertical steel bars 11 and horizontal steel bars 12.
• a blocking plate 13 having channel-shaped formations 9 along its opposed vertical edges is welded to the ends of the horizontal steel bars 12 on one end of the reinforcing frame assembly, and spaced engagement bars 14 are welded to the other end of the reinforcing frame assembly such that they are in substantial alignment with the formations 9.
• FIG. 2 the blocking plate 13 on the reinforcing frame assembly 10 is shown in engagement with the engagement bars 15 attached to an adjacent reinforcing frame assembly 16 with the reinforcing frame assembly 10 within the trench 17 and encased in concrete 18.
• FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate front and top views of one form of sealing apparatus 30 for blocking the passage of concrete around the sides of a blocking plate. It comprises a frame
• the sealing apparatus 30 is adapted for placement in a trench 34 in a deflated condition.
• the sealing apparatus 30 may be attached to the blocking plate 40 of a reinforcing frame 41 by means of engagement flanges 42 which slide into the returns 43 on the blocking plate 40. When so engaged, the apparatus 30 may be inflated and the trench 34 filled with concrete 44 around the reinforcing frame 41. The concrete is restrained from entering the open section of trench 45 by the inflatable edge seal 32 and the body of the sealing apparatus 30.
• the inflatable edge seal 32 is attached to the frame 31 by bolts 33 which engage threadably with tapping plates 46 within the inflatable edge seal 32.
• the intermediate sealing apparatus assembly 50 shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 has a frame 51 comprising an end plate 52 and side plates 53.
• the side plates 53 may be hinged to the end plate 52 at their joints, or they may flex to accommodate the necessary movement of the side plates.
• a series of actuators 54 are attached to the side plates 53 by means of brackets 55 and pivot pins 56. Fluid is supplied to and withdrawn from the actuators 54 through flexible pipes 57 joining to commonsupply pipes 58 which are connected to suitable fluid pressurising apparatus. Extension of the actuators forces the free edges 59 of the side plates 53 into contact with the trench wall 60.
• the trench 17 is excavated ahead of a reinforcing frame assembly 10 placed previously with its blocking plate 13 towards the advancing face of the trench.
• a new reinforcing frame assembly 16 is hoisted above the open section of trench and the lower ends of the engagement bars 15 are slid into the upper ends of the slots on the blocking plate 13 so that the two reinforcing frame assemblies 10 and 16 are joined for their full length when the new reinforcing frame assembly 16 is lowered into the trench. Concrete is then poured into and around the new reinforcing frame assembly 16 at one side of the blocking plate 13 to extend the continuously reinforced wall.
• the sealing apparatus assembly 30 may be slid into engagement with the returns 43 on the blocking plate 40 of the new reinforcing frame 41, and the inflatable seals 32 pressurised to block the gaps before concrete is poured. If it is necessary to cast a section of wall which is shorter than available reinforcing frames, the intermediate sealing apparatus 50 may be utilised. The excess length of the reinforcing frame is cut off, leaving a short reinforcing frame 49 without a blocking plate. This short reinforcing frame 49 is slidable engaged with the previous reinforcing frame, and the intermediate sealing apparatus 50 is placed in the trench 60 at the forward end of the short reinforcing frame 49.
• the actuator 54 are extended to force the free edges 59 of the side plates 53 into contact with the sides of the trench 60. This contact provides a seal to restrict themovement of concrete along the trench, and also to prevent movement of the intermediate sealing apparatus 50 along the trench when it is subjected to the pressure of wet concrete on its end plate 52. Concrete may now be poured into and around the short reinforcing frame 49 to complete this panel. When the concrete has set, the intermediate sealing apparatus 50 may be removed from the trench after the actuators 54 have been retracted to withdraw the side plates 53 from contact with the sides of the trench 60.
• a two- tiered wall may be constructed, as shown in FIG. 7.
• the trenching apparatus commences operation on the surface level 71 and excavates a trench in which a reinforced concrete wall 72 is formed.
• the material in the excavation is excavated to a second level 73 at a depth of less than half of the wall height, and ground anchors 74 are installed to retain the top part of the wall 72.
• Excavation then proceeds to a third level 75 near the bottom of the wall 72, and a second row of ground anchors 76 is installed to retain the lower part of the wall 72.
• the trenching machine than commences operation on the third level 75, excavating a trench in which a second reinforced concrete wall 77 is formed.
• Excavation proceeds to a fourth level 78, and a third row of ground anchors 79 is installed to retain the top portion of the second wall 77.
• a further cycle of excavation to a fifth level 80 and installation of ground anchors 81 completes the two-tiered wall. The procedure may be repeated to form further tiers of retaining wall if a deeper excavation is desired.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
• Paleontology (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Bulkheads Adapted To Foundation Construction (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (2)

Family

ID=31499803

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (3)

Cited By (1)

Families Citing this family (5)

Citations (2)

Family Cites Families (7)

• 1988
  • 1988-06-14 JP JP50500088A patent/JPH04500544A/ja active Pending
  • 1988-06-14 EP EP19880905167 patent/EP0393032A4/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 1988-06-14 WO PCT/AU1988/000189 patent/WO1988009849A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation

Patent Citations (2)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events