EP0391267A1 - Potentiomètre - Google Patents

Potentiomètre Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0391267A1
EP0391267A1 EP90106098A EP90106098A EP0391267A1 EP 0391267 A1 EP0391267 A1 EP 0391267A1 EP 90106098 A EP90106098 A EP 90106098A EP 90106098 A EP90106098 A EP 90106098A EP 0391267 A1 EP0391267 A1 EP 0391267A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hard coating
potentiometer
layer
potentiometer according
grinder
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP90106098A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Hans Hohmann
Ernst Halder
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Horst Siedle KG
Original Assignee
Horst Siedle KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Horst Siedle KG filed Critical Horst Siedle KG
Publication of EP0391267A1 publication Critical patent/EP0391267A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C10/00—Adjustable resistors
    • H01C10/30—Adjustable resistors the contact sliding along resistive element
    • H01C10/308—Adjustable resistors the contact sliding along resistive element consisting of a thin film

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a potentiometer according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Potentiometers are known in a variety of forms, so that the following is only representative of a publication for many in the form of DE-OS 32 24 069, which describes the basic structure of a precision rotary potentiometer in more detail.
  • a carrier flange supports a plate on which a resistive ground path interrupted to supply the voltage applied to the potentiometer, usually based on conductive plastic, and optionally a continuous collector ring ground path are applied.
  • the carrier flange also supports, possibly via ball bearings, a shaft which in turn carries the tap that leads in the transverse direction from the shaft a grinder attached to it over the resistance track or track and possibly the collector track or track.
  • the grinder can be a one-piece metallic sliding part and usually consists of a number of individual grinder fingers arranged side by side, which slide on the resistance track and the collector track, so that the tapped voltage can be transferred to the collector and then removed from it.
  • the invention is not limited to such a precision rotary potentiometer, but is suitable for all types of variable resistors, linear series resistors and potentiometers, in particular for those in which very rapid movements can be implemented, for example when they are used as sensors or actual value transmitters in machines or overrun controls are used or in the form of rotary potentiometers for example for generating sawtooth voltages and.
  • Special embodiments of such precision potentiometers which additionally have a damping plastic coating in the grinder area, are able to carry out rotational or longitudinal movements which can be repeated millions of times, sometimes at very high speeds, with the need for the original linearization and to maintain the voltage gradient as pristine as possible over the life of the element, even with appropriate aging, wear and tear.
  • the abrasive wear that usually occurs is linear wear and can be more or less predicted in relation to the service life, i.e. over time, also in its effects and in the changes that are likely to result from the data of the potentiometer.
  • a second, much more unpleasant wear effect is the so-called adhesive wear, which results in a pairing of grinder and piste material, for example, in that one of the partners picks up material from the other partner and attaches itself to it, so that it sticks, for example, to this receiving partner.
  • this adhesive wear closes a qualified forecast, since it occurs more or less statistically and it is not always guaranteed that it is the "hard" partner in the material pairing that is stronger is affected.
  • the adhesive wear is therefore based on transport mechanisms between the two partners and probably depends mainly on metallic surface tensions, for example of the grinder material, so that in the event of an unfortunate pairing, instead of the usual interface ratio of grinder material / runway, a double transition must be expected, i.e. grinder / runway material / runway . Due to its metallic surface tension, the grinder tries to coat itself with other, available material, and this is then usually the slope material of the conductive plastic base. This can result in significantly changed resistance conditions in the transition area between runway and tap.
  • the invention has for its object to remedy this situation and to ensure with a potentiometer of any kind that, while generally avoiding signs of wear, so-called adhesive wear can be avoided.
  • the invention solves this problem with the characterizing features of the main claim and has the advantage that usually very thin, applied on the basis of plasma technology processes Hart layers, preferably with a metal additive, have both very good wear and sliding properties and, as tests have shown, are protected against any type of adhesive wear and can therefore also protect grinders, on the sliding surfaces of which they are preferably applied.
  • a grinder coated in this way can, for example, run through with a rotary potentiometer in the order of magnitude of 10 million until a removal of this plasma-coated hard coating layer occurs approximately in the more protruding central region of the sliding finger sliding surface. It can then be ascertained that after only a further shorter operating time, there are again signs of wear and tear on the actual grinding material exposed by the removal of the hard coating layer, i.e. an accumulation of conductive plastic material here, while the adjacent surfaces, which still have the hard coating coating, are completely clean and remain unaffected. This also clearly gives the advantage that can be realized on the basis of such a coating in the sliding range of potentiometers.
  • the hard coating layer can also be applied to the conventional resistance element, that is to say to the conductive plastic base, which results in the advantages mentioned in connection with suitable grinding systems; in preferred Embodiment of the invention, however, are the grinder systems themselves, which are coated by plasma technology alone or in addition to a hard coating layer on the resistance element, so that, in addition to the general reduction in wear, substantial improvements in the area of the required torque grinder / runway can be achieved.
  • the advances made in the field of plasma technology mean that hard coating layers can be applied in the region or at least close to room temperature ( ⁇ 200 ° C.), so that plastic materials, which can also be used, are noticeably influenced, for example also the already mentioned conductive plastic material for the resistance and collector slopes can be excluded.
  • metal additives with very good wear and tear Sliding properties can be used, for example, tungsten (W), tantalum (Ta) and niobium (NB).
  • metal-containing hydrocarbon compounds metal-containing hydrogenated carbon films
  • coatings or films which are applied to carriers on the basis of plasma-technological processes are already known per se, for example from the publication: Appl. Phys. Lett. 50 (16), April 20, 1987 as an essay by H. Dimigen, H. Hübsch and R. Memming from the Philips GmbH Research Laboratory Hamburg.
  • the drawing shows a top view in a special application on a rotary potentiometer parallel resistance and collector slopes, which are swept by a common grinder.
  • the basic idea of the present invention is to include at least one of the sliding partners that result from a variable resistor or potentiometer, that is to say wipers and / or the conductive plastic base to provide a hard coating layer produced according to plasma technology aspects, so that, in addition to a general reduction in abrasive wear, mainly adhesive wear is eliminated.
  • a carrier plate 10 is provided, on which a resistance track 12 and a collector track 14 are located.
  • a central axis 15 supports, for example fastened via a snap ring 16, a (metallic) tap 17, which in turn supports a grinder consisting of several individual grinder fingers 18 and 19 in such a way that its resilient end regions on the resistance track 12 and the collector track 14 lies on.
  • the resistance track is interrupted at 20, that is to say has end regions which serve for the external supply of voltage.
  • Resistance track or track and collector track or track usually consist of a special conductive plastic material on which the wiper fingers slide, which are usually made of an alloy of certain noble metals such as palladium gold, platinum and the like. can exist, but as a result of this coating can now also consist of less expensive materials, such as copper beryllium or stainless steel.
  • the underside of the grinder fingers in the front attachment i.e. where these grinder fingers with their contact surfaces on the conductive plastic layers slide from resistance and collector slopes, is provided according to the present invention with the hard coating layers, which are applied on a plasma-technological basis, so that layers result in so-called metal-carbon hydrogens or graphite-carbon hydrogens, but also insulating polyamide layers.
  • the hard coating layers are applied on a plasma-technological basis, so that layers result in so-called metal-carbon hydrogens or graphite-carbon hydrogens, but also insulating polyamide layers.
  • the graphite-carbon hydrogen layers gain the electrical conductivity that is required, while insulating polyamide layers in the form of hard coatings preferably work with very thin layer thicknesses, for example in the range of 10 nanometers. This small layer thickness makes it possible to make the polyamide insulation layer electrically invisible, the conductivity being able to be taken over, for example, by tunnel electrodes.
  • the other and preferred type of hard coating layer formation comprises the metal or. Graphite hydrocarbons.
  • Plasma technology enables the production of such layers by physically making homogeneous layer deposits from a plasma cloud.
  • This mainly includes the so-called high-vacuum sputtering technique, which can be used to apply extremely dense and smooth, very thin layers in the range between 10 nanometers to about 2000 nanometers, consisting of different types of materials, such as metal compounds, oxides, nitrides or carbides .
  • plastics can also be metallized in this way.
  • the basic form of a plasma-technological layer application takes place in such a way that a highly ionized vapor is assumed (plasma).
  • plasma a highly ionized vapor
  • This can be achieved by applying a bias or by supplying a beam of accelerated particles, in the first case a decomposition of hydrocarbons into the plasma form caused by the bias or in the second case an ion beam decomposition. By doing so, thin films with the desired properties can be deposited.
  • plasma technology processes are known per se, they are not dealt with in more detail below; for example, reference is made to the publication mentioned.
  • the known separation processes for the extraction of hydrocarbons can be divided into the separation of hydrocarbon gases and those in which solid carbon is used as the carbon source itself.
  • methane, ethane or the like can be broken down by glow discharge and carbon ions can be formed. These ions are then accelerated towards an electrically biased substrate.
  • Laser or arc vaporization of hydrocarbons may be considered when using solid hydrocarbon. It is also possible to work in combination, i.e. both fixed Use carbon as well as a hydrogen carbon gas or hydrogen as a source of jet particles.
  • the main plasma technology manufacturing processes therefore include physical vapor deposition, ion implantation, and possibly thermal spray processes, i.e. wherever surface modification of materials results in the formation of special hard-coating layers on the basis of plasma technology.
  • these layers are then to be determined or selected such that adhesive wear possibilities are excluded. This can be achieved, for example, by applying diamond-like and graphite-like hydrocarbon layers (DLC; GLC) - supplemented by metal additives where this makes sense due to the required conductivity.
  • DLC diamond-like and graphite-like hydrocarbon layers
  • metal additives where this makes sense due to the required conductivity.
  • metal-carbon hydrogens and graphite-carbon hydrogens which are mainly used as coatings for grinding surfaces in potentiometers and the like. Like systems come into question.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)
  • Details Of Resistors (AREA)
  • Adjustable Resistors (AREA)
EP90106098A 1989-04-06 1990-03-30 Potentiomètre Withdrawn EP0391267A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19893911101 DE3911101A1 (de) 1989-04-06 1989-04-06 Potentiometer
DE3911101 1989-04-06

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0391267A1 true EP0391267A1 (fr) 1990-10-10

Family

ID=6377971

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90106098A Withdrawn EP0391267A1 (fr) 1989-04-06 1990-03-30 Potentiomètre

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0391267A1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH03115868A (fr)
DE (1) DE3911101A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2002041329A2 (fr) * 2000-11-18 2002-05-23 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Element de resistance electrique a regulation electromecanique
CN101354233B (zh) * 2008-08-04 2010-06-02 宁波市北仑机械电器有限公司 一体多联角度传感器
US11225885B2 (en) * 2017-08-01 2022-01-18 Eaton Intelligent Power Limited Rocker arm motion detection for diagnostic feedback and control

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6114791A (en) * 1996-11-29 2000-09-05 Denso Corporation Commutator for motor using amorphous carbon and fuel pump unit using the same
CN109411976B (zh) * 2018-10-31 2020-05-19 四川精通电气设备有限公司 一种滑环装置

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3717837A (en) * 1965-06-04 1973-02-20 Micro Electric Ag Potentiometer
DE2152419A1 (de) * 1971-10-21 1973-04-26 Bosch Gmbh Robert Variabler elektrischer widerstand fuer geringe belastungen
EP0104405A1 (fr) * 1982-09-24 1984-04-04 International Business Machines Corporation Matériaux de carbure de silicium

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3717837A (en) * 1965-06-04 1973-02-20 Micro Electric Ag Potentiometer
DE2152419A1 (de) * 1971-10-21 1973-04-26 Bosch Gmbh Robert Variabler elektrischer widerstand fuer geringe belastungen
EP0104405A1 (fr) * 1982-09-24 1984-04-04 International Business Machines Corporation Matériaux de carbure de silicium

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS vol. 50, no. 16, 20 April 1987, NEW YORK Seiten 1056 - 1058; H. DIMIGEN ET AL.: "TRIBOLOGICAL AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF METAL-CONTAINING HYDROGENATED CARBON FILMS" *
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE vol. 24, no. 1, Januar 1989, LONDON, GB Seiten 293 - 297; Y. SAITO ET AL.: "DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON FILMS PREPARED FROM CH4-H2-H2O MIXED GAS USING A MICROWAVE PLASMA" *

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2002041329A2 (fr) * 2000-11-18 2002-05-23 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Element de resistance electrique a regulation electromecanique
WO2002041329A3 (fr) * 2000-11-18 2003-04-24 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Element de resistance electrique a regulation electromecanique
CN101354233B (zh) * 2008-08-04 2010-06-02 宁波市北仑机械电器有限公司 一体多联角度传感器
US11225885B2 (en) * 2017-08-01 2022-01-18 Eaton Intelligent Power Limited Rocker arm motion detection for diagnostic feedback and control

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3911101A1 (de) 1990-10-11
JPH03115868A (ja) 1991-05-16

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