EP0389582B1 - Bogie for high-speed rail vehicles - Google Patents

Bogie for high-speed rail vehicles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0389582B1
EP0389582B1 EP89908799A EP89908799A EP0389582B1 EP 0389582 B1 EP0389582 B1 EP 0389582B1 EP 89908799 A EP89908799 A EP 89908799A EP 89908799 A EP89908799 A EP 89908799A EP 0389582 B1 EP0389582 B1 EP 0389582B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bogie
steering device
link
automatic steering
point
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP89908799A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0389582A1 (en
Inventor
Richard Schneider
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Schweizerische Industrie Gesellschaft
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Schweizerische Industrie Gesellschaft
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Priority to AT89908799T priority Critical patent/ATE94817T1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/38—Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self- adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves, e.g. sliding axles, swinging axles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/02—Arrangements permitting limited transverse relative movements between vehicle underframe or bolster and bogie; Connections between underframes and bogies
    • B61F5/22—Guiding of the vehicle underframes with respect to the bogies
    • B61F5/24—Means for damping or minimising the canting, skewing, pitching, or plunging movements of the underframes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/38—Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self- adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves, e.g. sliding axles, swinging axles
    • B61F5/44—Adjustment controlled by movements of vehicle body

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a bogie for high-speed rail vehicles with the combination of an automatic control device for mutual self-control for the purpose of radial adjustment of the wheel sets between the automatic control device and the bogie frame of additional restraining means.
  • FR-A 2 511 962 discloses a bogie for high-speed rail vehicles which has the combination of a self-control device for mutual self-control for the purpose of radial adjustment of the wheel sets and additional restraining means arranged between the self-control device and the bogie frame. This is to ensure that the wheel sets have increased longitudinal stability without impairing the natural self-steering properties of the wheel sets and the stabilizing effect of the suspension.
  • the object of the invention is now to create a bogie for a fast-moving rail vehicle, which also at high speeds has a stable and track-protecting vehicle run, in that the wheel sets are adjusted radially only when cornering.
  • the problem is solved by separating the dynamic movements from the sinusoidal movement from the quasi-static movements when cornering, as can be seen from the wording of claim 1.
  • FIG. 1 A first example of use is shown in FIG. 1, in which a bogie 1 is provided with one self-control device 11, 11 'for mutual self-control of the two wheel sets 5, 5'.
  • a bogie frame 2 is supported on the one hand by known guide, suspension and damping means on the wheel sets 5, 5 ', on the other hand, this bogie frame 2 carries and guides an associated car body 10 with analog means of the secondary spring stage.
  • the bogie frame 2 is provided with two pivot bearings 3, 3 ', in each of which a control arm 12, 12' of the self-steering devices 11, 11 'arranged on both sides of the bogie frame 2 is mounted.
  • the two control levers 12, 12 ' are connected to one another by a torsionally and flexurally rigid tube 13 in the region of their two upper articulation points 14, 14'. Furthermore, in the control device 11, the upper hinge point 14 of the handlebar lever 12 is connected to the wheel set 5 ′ in a pivot point 18 by means of a handlebar rod 15 and a lower pivot point 19 of the handlebar lever 12 is connected to the wheel set 5 in a pivot point 17 by means of a handlebar rod 16.
  • the control device 11, 11 ' provides the Geometric coupling of the two wheel sets 5, 5 'to one another, for the purpose of mutual self-control when cornering.
  • At least one of the control devices 11 and 11 ' is provided with additional restraining means 6 for damping the dynamic rotary movements within the track play which result from the sinusoidal movement of the wheel sets 5, 5'.
  • At least one damper which preferably has a dry friction characteristic, is provided as a restraining means 6, for example at the upper pivot point 14 or 14 'between the control arm 12 or 12' and a pivot point 7 on the bogie frame 2. The articulation point on the left in FIG. 1 is not shown.
  • the retention means 6 in the form of at least one damper with a dry friction characteristic can also be obtained directly from the torsion and bending-resistant tube 13, e.g. arranged in the middle, lead to the bogie frame 2.
  • the self-control device 11, 11 'for damping the rolling movements of the bogie 1 between the bogie 1 and the body 10 is provided with an anti-rotation device 31, which causes hydraulic anti-rotation with mechanical decoupling of the damping effect for all directions of movement, except for rotation about a vertical axis .
  • the inner lever 36 of the connecting shaft 34 is connected to the bogie frame 2 again by means of a rigid connecting rod 38 via analog articulation points 37.
  • FIG. 2 shows, with respect to the decoupling device, a simplified variant of a bogie equipped with a control device for the mutual self-control of the wheel sets and restraint means.
  • a self-control device 11, 11 'described under FIG. 1 is combined with restraining means 6, which serve to dampen the dynamic rotary movements of the wheel sets 5, 5', which result from their sinusoidal motion.
  • the self-control device 11, 11 ' is provided with an anti-rotation device 51 which effects hydraulic anti-rotation with mechanical decoupling of the damping effect for all directions of movement, except for rotation about a vertical axis.
  • a rigid connecting shaft 54 is mounted in two pivot bearings 33 on the body 10, which has two outer levers 35.
  • a hydraulic anti-roll damper 39 is arranged on the one side via the respective articulation points 37 and a rigid connecting rod 58 on the other side.
  • the restraining means 6 arranged in this way bring about a combined control and rotation inhibition and, in the case of the mutual self-control of the wheel sets with a minimal requirement for hydraulic dampers, combine the contrary requirements of stable straight-ahead driving and a gentle cornering.
  • the torsion and bending-resistant tube 13 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 can, depending on the structural conditions of the bogie 1, also be arranged in the area of the pivot bearings 3, 3 'or at the lower articulation points 19, 19', the two control levers 12 , 12 'interconnect.
  • FIG. 3 Another application example is shown in FIG. 3, in which a bogie 1 is provided with a positive control device 21, 21 'for the box-side positive control of the two wheel sets 5, 5'.
  • a bogie frame 2 provided on the one hand with known guiding, suspension and damping means, is supported on the wheel sets 5, 5 ', on the other hand this bogie frame 2 carries and guides with analog means of the secondary spring stage an associated car body 10.
  • the bogie frame 2 is provided with two pivot bearings 3, 3 ', in each of which a control arm 22, 22' of the positive control devices 21, 21 'arranged on both sides of the bogie frame 2 is mounted.
  • each control device 21, 21 ' there are a central articulation point 30, 30' of the handlebar lever 22, 22 'by means of a handlebar 25, 25' with the wheel set 5 'in an articulation point 17, 17' and a lower articulation point 29, 29 ' the handlebar lever 22, 22 'by means of a handlebar 26, 26' connected to the wheel set 5 at a pivot point 18, 18 '.
  • each an upper articulation point 24, 24 'of the handlebar levers 22, 22' is connected by means of a respective handlebar 20, 20 'via the articulation points 37 to an outer lever 35 of an anti-rotation device 41 mounted on the car body side.
  • This consists of a connecting shaft 44 mounted in two pivot bearings 33 on the box side, the inner lever 36 of which is connected to the bogie frame 2 again via the deflection points 37 by means of a rigid connecting rod 38.
  • the positive control device 21, 21 ' represents the geometrical coupling of the two wheel sets 5, 5' to the car body 10 for the purpose of a box-side positive control when cornering.
  • At least one of the Control devices 21 or 21 ' are provided with additional retaining means 6.
  • At least one damper which preferably has a dry friction characteristic, is provided as the restraining means 6, for example at the upper articulation point 28 between the control arm 22 or 22 'and an articulation point 7 on the bogie frame.
  • the restraining means 6 attached in combination with the anti-rotation device 41 permit the quasi-static unscrewing movements, such as occur when driving around bends between the car body 10 and the bogie 1, and the wheel sets 5, 5 'become steady and analogous to the curve the positive control device 21, 21 'set to the center of the curve.
  • the restraining means 6 arranged in this way bring about a combined control and rotation inhibition and, in the case of the box-side forced control of the wheel sets with a minimal requirement for hydraulic dampers, combine the contrary requirements of stable straight-ahead driving and a gentle cornering.
  • the anti-rotation device 41 attached to the car body 10 additionally effects the mechanical decoupling of the hydraulic anti-rotation device for all directions of movement, except for rotation about a vertical axis.
  • any longitudinal movements such as may result from the elasticity of the secondary spring stage between the bogie 1 and the body 10, have no effect on the rest of the system.
  • control device with restraint means and decoupling device uses an anti-rotation effect around the vertical axis in order to avoid incorrect control of the wheel sets and at the same time to ensure the running stability of the bogie even at high speeds.
  • control device provided with restraint means represents the geometrical coupling of the wheel sets of a bogie to one another.
  • the variant of a restraint device provided with restraint means represents the geometrical coupling of the wheel sets of a bogie with the car body and only reacts to the turning movement between the bogie and the car body due to cornering.
  • the Control device provided with restraint means for the two above-mentioned operating modes is able to automatically distinguish whether this turning movement results from driving around a curve or from swaying from the sinusoidal motion.
  • control device converts the large, slow turning movements that occur when cornering into a radial setting of the wheel sets toward the center of the curve.
  • the control device is blocked by the provided restraint means.
  • the restraining means are in turn arranged in connection with a decoupling device, which decouples the restraining means for all directions of movement, except when the bogie is rotated about its vertical axis.
  • the restraint devices have the characteristic of a dry friction characteristic and thus increase the torsional rigidity between the bogie and the body.
  • the dynamic rotary movements within the track play which result from the sinusoidal movement, are damped both in the straight line and when cornering and are not transmitted to the control device to avoid incorrect control of the wheel sets, while the quasi-static turning movements when cornering have no effect the restraint remains unaffected.
  • Such track-protecting bogies meet a long-standing unsatisfied need by combining the contrary requirements and having good running stability at high speeds and reducing wear to a minimum when cornering.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
  • Handcart (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Regulating Braking Force (AREA)
  • Vehicle Cleaning, Maintenance, Repair, Refitting, And Outriggers (AREA)
  • Platform Screen Doors And Railroad Systems (AREA)
  • Bearings For Parts Moving Linearly (AREA)

Abstract

A bogie for high-speed rail vehicles is a combination of an automatic control device (11, 11') for mutual automatic control, for the purpose of radial adjustment of the wheel sets (5, 5'), between the automatic control device (11, 11') and additional restraining means (6) arranged on the bogie frame (2) and a rotation-inhibiting device (31) which connects the automatic control device with the waggon body (10). The automatic control device (11, 11') is mounted in a pivot bearing (3, 3') on either side of the bogie frame (2). It has two drop arms (12, 12') interconnected in a torsion-proof, rigid manner, for example by a pipe (13). This bogie is suitable for a high-speed rail vehicle which runs smoothly with minimal stress on the track even at high speeds, because the wheelsets are radial adjusted only when rounding bends.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Drehgestell für schnellfahrende Schienenfahrzeuge mit der Kombination einer Selbststeuereinrichtung zur gegenseitigen Selbststeuerung zwecks radialer Einstellung der Radsätze zwischen der Selbststeuereinrichtung und dem Drehgestellrahmen angeordneter zusätzlicher Rückkhaltemittel.The present invention relates to a bogie for high-speed rail vehicles with the combination of an automatic control device for mutual self-control for the purpose of radial adjustment of the wheel sets between the automatic control device and the bogie frame of additional restraining means.

Im Stand der Technik sind Einrichtungen bekannt, die den Sinuslauf der Radsätze eines Schienenfahrzeuges verhindern sollen. (DE-PS 934 453)
Weiter sind Drehgestelle von Schienenfahrzeugen bekannt, deren Radsätze mit ebenfalls bekannten Mitteln parallel geführt sind, um durch eine in Fahrzeuglängsrichtung steife bis starre Radsatzführung, insbesondere bei schnellfahrenden Fahrzeugen, einen stabilen Geradeauslauf sicherzustellen. (DE-PS 834 256) Durch zusätzliche Anordnung von Schlingerdämpfern kann die Ausdrehsteifigkeit zwischen Drehgestell und Wagenkasten erhöht werden und nachteilige Nebenwirkungen, welche sich auf geradem Gleis durch die aus dem Schlingern herrührenden Drehschwingungen ergeben, lassen sich so wirksam dämpfen. (DE-PS 2 042 458) Derart ausgerüstete Drehgestellfahrzeuge laufen zwar bei hohen Geschwindigkeiten genügend stabil, weisen aber in den Kurven einen unakzeptabel hohen Rad/Schiene-Verschleiss auf.Devices are known in the prior art which are intended to prevent the sinusoidal running of the wheel sets of a rail vehicle. (DE-PS 934 453)
Furthermore, bogies of rail vehicles are known, the wheelsets of which are also guided in parallel by known means in order to ensure stable straight running by means of a wheel set guide that is rigid to rigid in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle, in particular in the case of fast-moving vehicles. (DE-PS 834 256) By additional arrangement of roll dampers, the torsional rigidity between the bogie and car body can be increased and disadvantageous side effects, which result from the torsional vibrations resulting from the roll, can be effectively damped. (DE-PS 2 042 458) bogie vehicles equipped in this way run sufficiently stable at high speeds, but have unacceptably high wheel / rail wear in the curves.

Neuere Entwicklungen versuchen, diese konträren Anforderungen von stabilem Lauf bei hohen Geschwindigkeiten und geringem Verschleiss in den Kurven zu vereinen und zwar durch die radiale Einstellung der Radsätze bei Bogenfahrt auf den Kurvenmittelpunkt hin. Hierzu bedient man sich bislang zweier im Stand der Technik bekannter Betriebsweisen, nämlich der gegenseitigen Selbststeuerung (EP- 0 221 667) oder der kastenseitigen Zwangssteuerung (EP- 0 072 328) der Radsätze. Als Nachteil beider Ausführungen hat sich gezeigt, dass die Radsätze speziell beim bogenein- und -auslauf einem gewissen Fehlsteuerungsbetrag unterliegen, welcher ebenfalls zu Rad/Schiene-Verschleiss führt und das Kurvenlaufverhalten verschlechtert. Jüngste praktische Untersuchungen haben darüber hinaus ergeben, dass bekannte Radsatzsteuerungen auf die kleinen, schnellen Ausdrehbewegungen, wie sie infolge Sinuslauf innerhalb des Spurspiels entstehen, bereits ansprechen.Recent developments try to address these conflicting requirements of stable running at high speeds and low wear in the bends by the radial adjustment of the wheel sets when cornering towards the center of the bend. To this end, two modes of operation known in the prior art have been used, namely mutual self-control (EP-0 221 667) or box-side positive control (EP-0 072 328) of the wheel sets. A disadvantage of both versions has been shown that the wheel sets are subject to a certain amount of incorrect control, particularly when the bend is entering and leaving the bend, which likewise leads to wheel / rail wear and worsens the cornering behavior. Recent practical studies have also shown that known wheel set controls are already responding to the small, rapid turning movements that occur as a result of sinusoidal movement within the track play.

So offenbart die FR-A 2 511 962 ein Drehgestell für schnellfahrende Schienenfahrzeuge, das die Kombination einer Selbststeuereinrichtung zur gegenseitigen Selbststeuerung zwecks radialer Einstellung der Radsätze und zwischen der Selbststeuereinrichtung und dem Drehgestellrahmen angeordneter, zusätzlicher Rückhaltemittel aufweist. Damit soll erreicht werden, dass die Radsätze eine erhöhte Längsstabilität haben, ohne dass die natürlichen selbstlenkenden Eigenschaften der Radsätze und die Stabilisierungswirkung der Aufhängung beeinträchtigt werden.For example, FR-A 2 511 962 discloses a bogie for high-speed rail vehicles which has the combination of a self-control device for mutual self-control for the purpose of radial adjustment of the wheel sets and additional restraining means arranged between the self-control device and the bogie frame. This is to ensure that the wheel sets have increased longitudinal stability without impairing the natural self-steering properties of the wheel sets and the stabilizing effect of the suspension.

Auch diese Lösung führt zu stabilitätsmindernden und verschleissverursachenden Fehlsteuerungen der Radsätze.This solution also leads to stability-reducing and wear-causing incorrect control of the wheel sets.

Für die Optimierung eines Drehgestells bezüglich Laufstabilität und Kurvenfahrverhalten sind somit von ausschlaggebender Bedeutung:

  • die Biegesteifigkeit zwischen den beiden Radsätzen
  • die Schersteifigkeit zwischen den beiden Radsätzen
  • die Ausdrehsteifigkeit zwischen Drehgestell und Wagenkasten.
For the optimization of a bogie with regard to running stability and cornering behavior are of crucial importance:
  • the bending stiffness between the two wheel sets
  • the shear stiffness between the two wheel sets
  • the torsional rigidity between the bogie and the body.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist nun die Schaffung eines Drehgestells für ein schnellfahrendes Schienenfahrzeug, welches auch bei hohen Fahrgeschwindigkeiten einen stabilen und gleisschonenden Fahrzeuglauf aufweist, indem die Radsätze ausschliesslich bei Kurvenfahrt radial eingestellt werden.The object of the invention is now to create a bogie for a fast-moving rail vehicle, which also at high speeds has a stable and track-protecting vehicle run, in that the wheel sets are adjusted radially only when cornering.

Gelöst wird die Aufgabe durch die Trennung der dynamischen Bewegungen aus dem Sinuslauf von den quasi-statischen Bewegungen der Kurvenfahrt, wie dies der Wortlaut des Anspruchs 1 erkennen lässt.The problem is solved by separating the dynamic movements from the sinusoidal movement from the quasi-static movements when cornering, as can be seen from the wording of claim 1.

Die Erfindung wird anschliessend beispielsweise anhand einer Zeichnung erläutert.The invention is subsequently explained, for example, using a drawing.

Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine perspektivische Darstellung der erfindungsgemässen Konstruktion eines Drehgestells mit einer Steuereinrichtung für die gegenseitige Selbststeuerung der Radsätze, versehen mit Rückhaltemitteln und einer Entkoppelungsvorrichtung,
Fig. 2
eine perspektivische Darstellung eines Drehgestells analog desjenigen gemäss Fig. 1, mit einer Variante in bezug auf die Entkoppelungsvorricntung,
Fig. 3
eine perspektivische Darstellung analog den Fig. 1 und 2 eines Drehgestells mit einer Steuereinrichtung für die kastenseitige Zwangssteuerung der Radsätze, versehen mit Rückhaltemitteln und einer Entkoppelungsvorrichtung.
Show it:
Fig. 1
1 shows a perspective view of the construction according to the invention of a bogie with a control device for the mutual self-control of the wheel sets, provided with restraint means and a decoupling device,
Fig. 2
2 shows a perspective view of a bogie analogous to that according to FIG. 1, with a variant with regard to the decoupling device,
Fig. 3
1 shows a perspective view analogous to FIGS. 1 and 2 of a bogie with a control device for the box-side forced control of the wheel sets, provided with restraint means and a decoupling device.

Ein erstes Anwendungsbeispiel ist in Fig. 1 dargestellt, bei dem ein Drehgestell 1 mit je einer Selbststeuereinrichtung 11, 11' zur gegenseitigen Selbststeuerung der beiden Radsätze 5, 5' versehen ist. Hierbei ist ein Drehgestellrahmen 2, einerseits über bekannte Führungs-, Federungs- und Dämpfungsmittel auf den Radsätzen 5, 5' abgestützt, andererseits trägt und führt dieser Drehgestellrahmen 2 mit analogen Mitteln der Sekundärfederstufe einen dazugehörenden Wagenkasten 1O. Der Drehgestellrahmen 2 ist mit zwei Drehlagern 3, 3' versehen, in welchen je ein Lenkerhebel 12, 12' der beidseits am Drehgestellrahmen 2 angeordneten Selbststeuereinrichtungen 11, 11' gelagert ist. Die beiden Lenkerhebel 12, 12' sind durch ein torsions- und biegesteifes Rohr 13 im Bereich ihrer beiden oberen Gelenkpunkte 14, 14' untereinander verbunden. Ferner sind bei der Steuereinrichtung 11 der obere Gelenkpunkt 14 des Lenkerhebels 12 mittels einer Lenkerstange 15 mit dem Radsatz 5' in einem Anlenkpunkt 18 und ein unterer Gelenkpunkt 19 des Lenkerhebels 12 mittels einer Lenkerstange 16 mit dem Radsatz 5 in einem Anlenkpunkt 17 verbunden. Umgekehrt ist bei der Steuereinrichtung 11' der obere Gelenkpunkt 14' des Lenkerhebels 12' mittels einer Lenkerstange 16' mit dem Radsatz 5 in einem Anlenkpunkt 17' und ein unterer Gelenkpunkt 19' des Lenkerhebels 12' mittels einer Lenkerstange 15' mit dem Radsatz 5' in einem Anlenkpunkt 18' verbunden. Die Steuereinrichtung 11, 11' stellt die geometrische Koppelung der beiden Radsätze 5, 5' untereinander, zum Zwecke der gegenseitigen Selbststeuerung bei Kurvenfahrt, dar.A first example of use is shown in FIG. 1, in which a bogie 1 is provided with one self-control device 11, 11 'for mutual self-control of the two wheel sets 5, 5'. Here, a bogie frame 2 is supported on the one hand by known guide, suspension and damping means on the wheel sets 5, 5 ', on the other hand, this bogie frame 2 carries and guides an associated car body 10 with analog means of the secondary spring stage. The bogie frame 2 is provided with two pivot bearings 3, 3 ', in each of which a control arm 12, 12' of the self-steering devices 11, 11 'arranged on both sides of the bogie frame 2 is mounted. The two control levers 12, 12 'are connected to one another by a torsionally and flexurally rigid tube 13 in the region of their two upper articulation points 14, 14'. Furthermore, in the control device 11, the upper hinge point 14 of the handlebar lever 12 is connected to the wheel set 5 ′ in a pivot point 18 by means of a handlebar rod 15 and a lower pivot point 19 of the handlebar lever 12 is connected to the wheel set 5 in a pivot point 17 by means of a handlebar rod 16. Conversely, in the control device 11 ', the upper hinge point 14' of the handlebar lever 12 'by means of a handlebar 16' with the wheel set 5 in a pivot point 17 'and a lower hinge point 19' of the handlebar lever 12 'by means of a handlebar 15' with the wheel set 5 ' connected at a pivot point 18 '. The control device 11, 11 'provides the Geometric coupling of the two wheel sets 5, 5 'to one another, for the purpose of mutual self-control when cornering.

Für die Dämpfung der dynamischen Drehbewegungen innerhalb des Spurspiels, welche aus dem Sinuslauf der Radsätze 5, 5' herrühren, ist mindestens eine der Steuereinrichtungen 11 bzw. 11' mit zusätzlichen Rückhaltemitteln 6 versehen. Als Rückhaltemittel 6 ist mindestens ein Dämpfer, der vorzugsweise eine trockene Reibungskennlinie aufweist, beispielsweise am oberen Gelenkpunkt 14 bzw. 14' zwischen dem Lenkerhebel 12 bzw. 12' und einem Anlenkpunkt 7 am Drehgestellrahmen 2 vorgesehen. Der Anlenkpunkt links in Fig. 1 ist nicht dargestellt.At least one of the control devices 11 and 11 'is provided with additional restraining means 6 for damping the dynamic rotary movements within the track play which result from the sinusoidal movement of the wheel sets 5, 5'. At least one damper, which preferably has a dry friction characteristic, is provided as a restraining means 6, for example at the upper pivot point 14 or 14 'between the control arm 12 or 12' and a pivot point 7 on the bogie frame 2. The articulation point on the left in FIG. 1 is not shown.

Alternativ können die Rückhaltemittel 6 in Form mindestens eines Dämpfers mit trockener Reibungskennlinie auch direkt von dem torsions- und biegesteifen Rohr 13, z.B. in dessen Mitte angeordnet, zum Drehgestellrahmen 2 führen.Alternatively, the retention means 6 in the form of at least one damper with a dry friction characteristic can also be obtained directly from the torsion and bending-resistant tube 13, e.g. arranged in the middle, lead to the bogie frame 2.

Ausserdem ist die Selbststeuereinrichtung 11, 11' für die Dämpfung der Schlingerbewegungen des Drehgestells 1 zwischen diesem und dem Wagenkasten 10 mit einer Drehhemmungsvorrichtung 31 versehen, die eine hydraulische Drehhemmung mit mechanischer Entkoppelung der Dämpfungswirkung für alle Bewegungsrichtungen, ausser der Drehung um eine vertikale Achse, bewirkt.In addition, the self-control device 11, 11 'for damping the rolling movements of the bogie 1 between the bogie 1 and the body 10 is provided with an anti-rotation device 31, which causes hydraulic anti-rotation with mechanical decoupling of the damping effect for all directions of movement, except for rotation about a vertical axis .

Hierzu ist am Wagenkasten 10 eine starre Verbindungswelle 34 in zwei Drehlagern 33 gelagert. An der Verbindungswelle 34 sind zwei äussere Hebel 35 und ein innerer Hebel 36 befestigt. Zwischen den beiden äusseren Hebeln 35 und dem torsions- und biegesteifen Rohr 13 der Selbststeuereinrichtung 11, 11' ist über die jeweiligen Gelenkpunkte 37 je ein hydraulischer Schlingerdämpfer 39 angeordnet.For this purpose, there is a rigid connecting shaft on the body 10 34 stored in two pivot bearings 33. Two outer levers 35 and an inner lever 36 are fastened to the connecting shaft 34. A hydraulic anti-roll damper 39 is arranged between the two outer levers 35 and the torsion and bending-resistant tube 13 of the self-control device 11, 11 'via the respective articulation points 37.

Ueber analoge Gelenkpunkte 37 ist der innere Hebel 36 der Verbindungswelle 34 mittels einer starren Verbindungsstange 38 wieder mit dem Drehgestellrahmen 2 verbunden.The inner lever 36 of the connecting shaft 34 is connected to the bogie frame 2 again by means of a rigid connecting rod 38 via analog articulation points 37.

Fig. 2 zeigt in bezug auf die Entkoppelungsvorrichtung eine vereinfachte Variante eines mit einer Steuereinrichtung für die gegenseitige Selbststeuerung der Radsätze und Rückhaltemitteln ausgerüsteten Drehgestells.2 shows, with respect to the decoupling device, a simplified variant of a bogie equipped with a control device for the mutual self-control of the wheel sets and restraint means.

Hierbei ist eine unter Fig. 1 beschriebene Selbststeuereinrichtung 11, 11', mit Rückhaltemitteln 6 kombiniert, die der Dämpfung der dynamischen Drehbewegungen der Radsätze 5, 5' dienen, welche von deren Sinuslauf herrühren.Here, a self-control device 11, 11 'described under FIG. 1 is combined with restraining means 6, which serve to dampen the dynamic rotary movements of the wheel sets 5, 5', which result from their sinusoidal motion.

Für die Dämpfung der Schlingerbewegungen des Drehgestells 1 zwischen diesem und dem Wagenkasten 10 ist die Selbststeuereinrichtung 11, 11' mit einer Drehhemmungsvorrichtung 51 versehen, die eine hydraulische Drehhemmung mit mechanischer Entkoppelung der Dämpfungswirkung für alle Bewegungsrichtungen, ausser der Drehung um eine vertikale Achse, bewirkt.For damping the rolling movements of the bogie 1 between it and the car body 10, the self-control device 11, 11 'is provided with an anti-rotation device 51 which effects hydraulic anti-rotation with mechanical decoupling of the damping effect for all directions of movement, except for rotation about a vertical axis.

Hierzu ist am Wagenkasten 10 eine starre Verbindungswelle 54 in Zwei Drehlagern 33 gelagert, die zwei äussere Hebel 35 aufweist. Zwischen diesen und dem torsions- und biegesteifen Rohr 13 der Selbststeuereinrichtung 11, 11' sind über die jeweiligen Gelenkpunkte 37 auf einer Seite ein hydraulischer Schlingerdämpfer 39 und auf der anderen Seite eine starre Verbindungsstange 58 angeordnet.For this purpose, a rigid connecting shaft 54 is mounted in two pivot bearings 33 on the body 10, which has two outer levers 35. Between these and the torsionally and flexurally rigid tube 13 of the self-regulating device 11, 11 ', a hydraulic anti-roll damper 39 is arranged on the one side via the respective articulation points 37 and a rigid connecting rod 58 on the other side.

Die so angeordneten Rückhaltemittel 6 bewirken eine kombinierte Steuerungs- und Drehhemmung und vereinen bei der gegenseitigen Selbststeuerung der Radsätze mit einem Minimalbedarf von hydraulischen Dämpfern die konträren Anforderungen einer laufstabilen Geradeausfahrt und einer gleisschonenden Kurvenfahrt.The restraining means 6 arranged in this way bring about a combined control and rotation inhibition and, in the case of the mutual self-control of the wheel sets with a minimal requirement for hydraulic dampers, combine the contrary requirements of stable straight-ahead driving and a gentle cornering.

Als Alternative kann das in den Fig. 1 und 2 gezeigte torsions- und biegesteife Rohr 13 je nach den baulichen Gegebenheiten des Drehgestells 1 auch im Bereich der Drehlager 3, 3' oder bei den unteren Gelenkpunkten 19, 19' angeordnet, die beiden Lenkerhebel 12, 12' miteinander verbinden.As an alternative, the torsion and bending-resistant tube 13 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 can, depending on the structural conditions of the bogie 1, also be arranged in the area of the pivot bearings 3, 3 'or at the lower articulation points 19, 19', the two control levers 12 , 12 'interconnect.

Ein weiteres Anwendungsbeispiel ist in Fig. 3 dargestellt, bei dem ein Drehgestell 1 mit je einer Zwangssteuereinrichtung 21, 21' zur kastenseitigen Zwangssteuerung der beiden Radsätze 5, 5' versehen ist. Hierbei ist ein Drehgestellrahmen 2, einerseits mit bekannten Führungs-, Federungs- und Dämpfungsmitteln versehen, auf den Radsätzen 5, 5' abgestützt, andererseits trägt und führt dieser Drehgestellrahmen 2 mit analogen Mitteln der Sekundärfederstufe einen dazugehörigen Wagenkasten 10. Der Drehgestellrahmen 2 ist mit zwei Drehlagern 3, 3' versehen, in welchen je ein Lenkerhebel 22, 22' der beidseits am Drehgestellrahmen 2 angeordneten Zwangssteuereinrichtungen 21, 21' gelagert ist. Bei jeder Steuereinrichtung 21, 21' sind je ein mittlerer Gelenkpunkt 30, 30' des Lenkerhebels 22, 22' mittels einer Lenkerstange 25, 25' mit dem Radsatz 5' in einem Anlenkpunkt 17, 17' und je ein unterer Gelenkpunkt 29, 29' des Lenkerhebels 22, 22' mittels einer Lenkerstange 26, 26' mit dem Radsatz 5 in einem Anlenkpunkt 18, 18' verbunden.Another application example is shown in FIG. 3, in which a bogie 1 is provided with a positive control device 21, 21 'for the box-side positive control of the two wheel sets 5, 5'. Here, a bogie frame 2, provided on the one hand with known guiding, suspension and damping means, is supported on the wheel sets 5, 5 ', on the other hand this bogie frame 2 carries and guides with analog means of the secondary spring stage an associated car body 10. The bogie frame 2 is provided with two pivot bearings 3, 3 ', in each of which a control arm 22, 22' of the positive control devices 21, 21 'arranged on both sides of the bogie frame 2 is mounted. In each control device 21, 21 'there are a central articulation point 30, 30' of the handlebar lever 22, 22 'by means of a handlebar 25, 25' with the wheel set 5 'in an articulation point 17, 17' and a lower articulation point 29, 29 ' the handlebar lever 22, 22 'by means of a handlebar 26, 26' connected to the wheel set 5 at a pivot point 18, 18 '.

Weiterhin ist je ein oberer Gelenkpunkt 24, 24' der Lenkerhebel 22, 22' mittels je einer Lenkerstange 20, 20' über die Gelenkpunkte 37 mit je einem äusseren Hebel 35 einer wagenkastenseitig angebrachten Drehhemmungsvorrichtung 41 verbunden. Diese besteht aus einer in zwei Drehlagern 33 kastenseitig gelagerten Verbindungswelle 44, deren innerer Hebel 36 über die Umlenkpunkte 37 mittels einer starren Verbindungsstange 38 wieder mit dem Drehgestellrahmen 2 verbunden ist.Furthermore, each an upper articulation point 24, 24 'of the handlebar levers 22, 22' is connected by means of a respective handlebar 20, 20 'via the articulation points 37 to an outer lever 35 of an anti-rotation device 41 mounted on the car body side. This consists of a connecting shaft 44 mounted in two pivot bearings 33 on the box side, the inner lever 36 of which is connected to the bogie frame 2 again via the deflection points 37 by means of a rigid connecting rod 38.

Somit stellt die Zwangssteuereinrichtung 21, 21' die geometrische Koppelung der beiden Radsätze 5, 5' mit dem Wagenkasten 10 zum Zwecke einer kastenseitigen Zwangssteuerung bei Kurvenfahrt dar.Thus, the positive control device 21, 21 'represents the geometrical coupling of the two wheel sets 5, 5' to the car body 10 for the purpose of a box-side positive control when cornering.

Für die Dämpfung der dynamischen Drehbewegungen innerhalb des Spurspiels, welche aus dem Sinuslauf der Radsätze 5, 5' herrühren, ist mindestens eine der Steuereinrichtungen 21 oder 21' mit zusätzlichen Rückhaltemitteln 6 versehen. Als Rückhaltemittel 6 ist mindestens ein Dämpfer, der vorzugsweise eine trockene Reibungskennlinie aufweist, beispielsweise am oberen Gelenkpunkt 28 zwischen dem Lenkerhebel 22 bzw. 22' und einem Anlenkpunkt 7 am Drehgestellrahmen vorgesehen.For damping the dynamic rotary movements within the track play, which result from the sinusoidal movement of the wheel sets 5, 5 ', at least one of the Control devices 21 or 21 'are provided with additional retaining means 6. At least one damper, which preferably has a dry friction characteristic, is provided as the restraining means 6, for example at the upper articulation point 28 between the control arm 22 or 22 'and an articulation point 7 on the bogie frame.

Gleichzeitig werden von den in der Kombination mit der Drehhemmungsvorrichtung 41 angebrachten Rückhaltemitteln 6 die quasi-statischen Ausdrehbewegungen, wie sie beim Befahren von Kurven zwischen Wagenkasten 1O und Drehgestell 1 auftreten, zugelassen und die Radsätze 5, 5', werden stetig und analog dem Kurvenverlauf durch die Zwangssteuereinrichtung 21, 21' auf den Kurvenmittelpunkt hin eingestellt.At the same time, the restraining means 6 attached in combination with the anti-rotation device 41 permit the quasi-static unscrewing movements, such as occur when driving around bends between the car body 10 and the bogie 1, and the wheel sets 5, 5 'become steady and analogous to the curve the positive control device 21, 21 'set to the center of the curve.

Die so angeordneten Rückhaltemittel 6 bewirken eine kombinierte Steuerungs- und Drehhemmung und vereinen bei der kastenseitigen Zwangssteuerung der Radsätze mit einem Minimalbedarf an hydraulischen Dämpfern die konträren Anforderungen einer laufstabilen Geradeausfahrt und einer gleisschonenden Kurvenfahrt.The restraining means 6 arranged in this way bring about a combined control and rotation inhibition and, in the case of the box-side forced control of the wheel sets with a minimal requirement for hydraulic dampers, combine the contrary requirements of stable straight-ahead driving and a gentle cornering.

Die am Wagenkasten 10 angebrachte Drehhemmungsvorrichtung 41 bewirkt zusätzlich die mechanische Entkoppelung der hydraulischen Drehhemmung für alle Bewegungsrichtungen, ausser der Drehung um eine vertikale Achse.The anti-rotation device 41 attached to the car body 10 additionally effects the mechanical decoupling of the hydraulic anti-rotation device for all directions of movement, except for rotation about a vertical axis.

Durch die jeweils mechanische Entkoppelung der hydraulischen Drehhemmung mit den Drehhemmungsvorrichtungen 31, 41, 51 bleiben z.B. etwaige Längsbewegungen, wie sie aus Elastizitäten der Sekundärfederstufe zwischen Drehgestell 1 und Wagenkasten 10 herrühren können, ohne Einfluss auf das übrige System.Through the mechanical decoupling of the hydraulic anti-rotation device with the anti-rotation devices 31, 41, 51, for example, any longitudinal movements, such as may result from the elasticity of the secondary spring stage between the bogie 1 and the body 10, have no effect on the rest of the system.

Ein Weglassen der Verbindungsstange 38 der mechanischen Entkoppelung hingen würde, unter dem Einfluss der genannten Längsbewegungen, zu einer unkontrollierten, an sich parallelen Bewegung der Radsätze 5, 5' zueinander in Gleisachse führen.Omitting the connecting rod 38 of the mechanical decoupling would, under the influence of the mentioned longitudinal movements, lead to an uncontrolled, parallel movement of the wheel sets 5, 5 'to one another in the track axis.

Durch die Anordnung einer Steuereinrichtung mit Rückhaltemitteln und Entkoppelungsvorrichtung wird ein Drehhemmungseffekt um die vertikale Achse genutzt, um eine Fehlsteuerung der Radsätze zu vermeiden und gleichzeitig die Laufstabilität des Drehgestells auch bei hohen Geschwindigkeiten zu gewährleisten.The arrangement of a control device with restraint means and decoupling device uses an anti-rotation effect around the vertical axis in order to avoid incorrect control of the wheel sets and at the same time to ensure the running stability of the bogie even at high speeds.

Die mit Rückhaltemitteln versehene Steuereinrichtung stellt bei der gegenseitigen Selbststeuerung die geometrische Koppelung der Radsätze eines Drehgestells untereinander dar. Die Ausführungsvariante einer mit Rückhaltemitteln versehenen kastenseitigen Zwangssteuerung stellt die geometrische Koppelung der Radsätze eines Drehgestells mit dem Wagenkasten dar und reagiert nur auf die Ausdrehbewegung zwischen Drehgestell und Wagenkasten infolge Kurvenfahrt.In the case of mutual self-control, the control device provided with restraint means represents the geometrical coupling of the wheel sets of a bogie to one another. The variant of a restraint device provided with restraint means represents the geometrical coupling of the wheel sets of a bogie with the car body and only reacts to the turning movement between the bogie and the car body due to cornering.

Aufgrund ihrer erfindungsgemässen Ausführung ist die mit Rückhaltemitteln versehene Steuereinrichtung für beide genannten Betriebsweisen selbsttätig in der Lage, zu unterscheiden, ob diese Ausdrehbewegung von dem Befahren einer Kurve oder dem Schlingern aus dem Sinuslauf herrührt.Because of its design according to the invention, the Control device provided with restraint means for the two above-mentioned operating modes is able to automatically distinguish whether this turning movement results from driving around a curve or from swaying from the sinusoidal motion.

So werden durch die Steuereinrichtung die grossen, langsamen Ausdrehbewegungen, wie sie beim Befahren von Kurven auftreten, in eine radiale Einstellung der Radsätze auf den Kurvenmittelpunkt hin umgesetzt. Im Bereich der kleinen, schnellen Ausdrehbewegungen, wie sie infolge Sinuslauf innerhalb des Spurspiels entstehen, wird die Steuereinrichtung jedoch von den vorgesehenen Rückhaltemitteln blockiert.For example, the control device converts the large, slow turning movements that occur when cornering into a radial setting of the wheel sets toward the center of the curve. In the area of the small, rapid unscrewing movements, as they arise as a result of sinusoidal movement within the track play, the control device is blocked by the provided restraint means.

Die Rückhaltemittel sind ihrerseits in Verbindung mit einer Entkoppelungsvorrichtung angeordnet, welche die Entkoppelung der Rückhaltemittel für alle Bewegungsrichtungen, ausser bei der Drehung des Drehgestells um seine vertikale Achse, bewirkt.The restraining means are in turn arranged in connection with a decoupling device, which decouples the restraining means for all directions of movement, except when the bogie is rotated about its vertical axis.

Die Rückhaltemittel besitzen die Charakteristik einer trockenen Reibungskennlinie und erhöhen damit die Drehsteifigkeit zwischen Drehgestell und Wagenkasten. Hierdurch werden die dynamischen Drehbewegungen innerhalb des Spurspiels, welche aus dem Sinuslauf herrühren, sowohl in der Geraden als auch bei Kurvenfahrt gedämpft und zur Vermeidung von Fehlsteuerungen der Radsätze nicht auf die Steuereinrichtung übertragen, während die quasi-statischen Ausdrehbewegungen bei Kurvenfahrt von der Wirkung der Rückhaltemittel unbeeinflusst bleiben.The restraint devices have the characteristic of a dry friction characteristic and thus increase the torsional rigidity between the bogie and the body. As a result, the dynamic rotary movements within the track play, which result from the sinusoidal movement, are damped both in the straight line and when cornering and are not transmitted to the control device to avoid incorrect control of the wheel sets, while the quasi-static turning movements when cornering have no effect the restraint remains unaffected.

Derartige gleisschonende Drehgestelle erfüllen ein seit langem bestehendes unbefriedigtes Bedürfnis, indem sie die konträren Anforderungen vereinen und bei hohen Geschwindigkeiten eine gute Laufstabilität aufweisen sowie den Verschleiss bei Kurvenfahrt auf ein Minimum reduzieren.Such track-protecting bogies meet a long-standing unsatisfied need by combining the contrary requirements and having good running stability at high speeds and reducing wear to a minimum when cornering.

Claims (11)

  1. Bogie for high-speed rail vehicles, combining an automatic steering device (11, 11') for two-way automatic steering for the purpose of radial adjustment of the wheel sets (5, 5'), and extra restraining means (69) disposed between the automatic steering device (11, 11') and the bogie frame (2), characterised in that the bogie has a rotation locking device (31, 51) connecting the automatic steering device to the carriage body (10).
  2. Bogie for high-speed rail vehicles, characterised by the combination of a positive steering device (21, 21') for positive steering of the wheel sets (5, 5') from the body, extra restraining means (6) disposed between the positive steering device (21, 21') and the bogie frame (2), and a rotation locking device (41) disposed between the positive steering device (21, 21') and the carriage body (10).
  3. Bogie according to claim 1, characterised in that the automatic steering device (11, 11') is mounted on either side of the bogie frame (2) in a respective rotary bearing (3, 3') and in that it has two link levers (12, 12'), which are connected together in a torsion-resistant and bend-resistant manner, e.g. by means of a tube (13).
  4. Bogie according to claim 1, characterised in that, in the automatic steering device (11) on one or both longitudinal sides of the bogie (1), an upper pivotal point (14') of the link lever (12') is connected by means of a link rod (16') to the one wheel set (5) at a coupling point (17'), and a lower pivotal point (19') of the link lever (12') is connected by means of another link rod (15') to the other wheel set (5') at a coupling point (18').
  5. Bogie according to claim 1, characterised in that, in the automatic steering device (11, 11'), the upper pivotal point (14) of the link lever (12) is connected by means of a link rod (15) to the one wheel set (5') at a coupling point (18), and a lower pivotal point (19) of the link lever (12) is connected by means of a link rod (16) to the wheel set (5) at a coupling point (17).
  6. Bogie according to claims 1 to 5, characterised in that in order to damp the dynamic motions of the wheel sets (5, 5'), at least one steering device (11, 11'; 21, 21') is provided with extra restraining means (6), which are disposed on the bogie frame (2) in the form of at least one damper, preferably having a dry friction characteristic curve, between the steering device (11, 11'; 21, 21') and a coupling point (7).
  7. Bogie according to claims 1 to 6, characterised in that a steering device (11, 11'; 21, 21') for damping the rolling motions of the bogie (1) is provided with a rotation locking device (31; 41; 51) between the bogie (1) and the carriage body (10).
  8. Bogie according to claims 1 and 3-7, characterised by a rotation locking device (31) with a rigid connecting shaft (34) which, mounted in two rotary bearings (33) on the carriage body (10), has two outer levers (35), between which and the automatic steering device (11, 11') a respective hydraulic rolling-motion damper (39) is mounted via pivotal points (37), and in the case of which connecting shaft (34) an inner lever (36) is connected to the bogie frame (2) via further pivotal points (37) by means of a rigid connecting rod (38).
  9. Bogie according to claims 1 and 3-7, characterised in that a rotation locking device (51) has a rigid connecting shaft (54) which, mounted in two rotary bearings (33) on the carriage body (10), has two outer levers (35), between which and the automatic steering device (11, 11') a respective hydraulic rolling-motion damper (39) is mounted on one side of the bogie via pivotal points (37), and a rigid connecting rod (58) is mounted on the other side of the bogie. (Fig. 2)
  10. Bogie according to claims 2, 6 or 7, characterised in that a steering device (21, 21') is mounted by its link levers (22, 22') in a respective rotary bearing (3, 3') on either side of the bogie frame (2), and a respective central pivotal point (30, 30') of the link lever (22, 22') is connected by means of a link rod (25, 25') to the one wheel set (5) at a coupling point (17, 17'), and a respective lower pivotal point (29, 29') of the link lever (22, 22') is connected by means of a link rod (26, 26') to the other wheel set (5') at a coupling point (18, 18'), and a respective upper pivotal point (24, 24') of the link lever (22, 22') is connected by means of a link rod (20, 20') via pivotal points (37, 37') to a respective outer lever (35, 35') of a rotation locking device (41) mounted on the carriage body (10).
  11. Bogie according to claims 1-10, characterised in that means are provided for connecting the bogie to or combining the bogie with a carriage body.
EP89908799A 1988-08-30 1989-08-08 Bogie for high-speed rail vehicles Expired - Lifetime EP0389582B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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AT89908799T ATE94817T1 (en) 1988-08-30 1989-08-08 BOGIE FOR HIGH-SPEED RAIL VEHICLES.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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CH322388 1988-08-30
CH3223/88 1988-08-30

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EP0389582A1 EP0389582A1 (en) 1990-10-03
EP0389582B1 true EP0389582B1 (en) 1993-09-22

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EP (1) EP0389582B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH03501008A (en)
AU (1) AU4038489A (en)
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CA (1) CA1330178C (en)
CS (1) CS503689A3 (en)
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DE (1) DE58905696D1 (en)
DK (1) DK101390D0 (en)
FI (1) FI96830C (en)
GB (1) GB2230501B (en)
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PL (1) PL163342B1 (en)
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WO (1) WO1990002068A1 (en)
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JPH03501008A (en) 1991-03-07
BG91850A (en) 1993-12-24
CA1330178C (en) 1994-06-14
DK101390A (en) 1990-04-25
ZA896623B (en) 1990-05-30
AU4038489A (en) 1990-03-23
HU894684D0 (en) 1990-07-28
GR1000524B (en) 1992-08-25
NO901866L (en) 1990-04-26
RU2083405C1 (en) 1997-07-10
PL163342B1 (en) 1994-03-31
FI902128A0 (en) 1990-04-27
FI96830C (en) 1996-09-10
YU165689A (en) 1993-10-20
NO901866D0 (en) 1990-04-26
EP0389582A1 (en) 1990-10-03
NO173265B (en) 1993-08-16
DD287446A5 (en) 1991-02-28
WO1990002068A1 (en) 1990-03-08
GB2230501A (en) 1990-10-24
GB2230501B (en) 1992-04-08
GR890100533A (en) 1990-08-22
YU47331B (en) 1995-01-31
DK101390D0 (en) 1990-04-25
HUT55689A (en) 1991-06-28
GB9009289D0 (en) 1990-08-22
FI96830B (en) 1996-05-31
CS503689A3 (en) 1992-04-15
DE58905696D1 (en) 1993-10-28
US5211116A (en) 1993-05-18
NO173265C (en) 1993-11-24

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