EP0389367A1 - Verfahren zum Herstellen sehr feinkörniger Kupferteile aus Stranggussrohlingen - Google Patents

Verfahren zum Herstellen sehr feinkörniger Kupferteile aus Stranggussrohlingen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0389367A1
EP0389367A1 EP90400775A EP90400775A EP0389367A1 EP 0389367 A1 EP0389367 A1 EP 0389367A1 EP 90400775 A EP90400775 A EP 90400775A EP 90400775 A EP90400775 A EP 90400775A EP 0389367 A1 EP0389367 A1 EP 0389367A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
piece
temperature
forging
under
rate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP90400775A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0389367B1 (de
Inventor
Marie-Thérèse Daumas
Jean Collard
Gérard Tost
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
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Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
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Publication of EP0389367A1 publication Critical patent/EP0389367A1/de
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B1/00—Explosive charges characterised by form or shape but not dependent on shape of container
    • F42B1/02—Shaped or hollow charges
    • F42B1/036—Manufacturing processes therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
    • B21J1/02—Preliminary treatment of metal stock without particular shaping, e.g. salvaging segregated zones, forging or pressing in the rough
    • B21J1/025—Preliminary treatment of metal stock without particular shaping, e.g. salvaging segregated zones, forging or pressing in the rough affecting grain orientation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K21/00—Making hollow articles not covered by a single preceding sub-group
    • B21K21/08—Shaping hollow articles with different cross-section in longitudinal direction, e.g. nozzles, spark-plugs
    • B21K21/10—Shaping hollow articles with different cross-section in longitudinal direction, e.g. nozzles, spark-plugs cone-shaped or bell-shaped articles, e.g. insulator caps
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/08—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of copper or alloys based thereon
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B1/00—Explosive charges characterised by form or shape but not dependent on shape of container
    • F42B1/02—Shaped or hollow charges
    • F42B1/032—Shaped or hollow charges characterised by the material of the liner

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the working and forming of very high purity copper parts, and in particular, parts such as coatings for hollow charges.
  • hollow charge coatings are industrially manufactured from blanks in the form of a flat disc by a flow spinning process consisting in causing cold plastic deformation on a mandrel in order to transform the sheet metal disc into a cone.
  • the workpiece blank is placed on a high power spinning lathe. Different passes allow the part to be deformed without removal of material.
  • the metal retains the memory of its different deformations under the action of the wheel of the spinning lathe. The parts then obtained do not have a symmetrical stress state with respect to the axis of revolution.
  • the object of the present invention is to remedy this drawback and to propose a manufacturing process which can be implemented and applied to the production of copper parts used in the formation of hollow charges.
  • the main object of the invention is a method for manufacturing copper parts, in particular for forming coatings of hollow charges, the grain size of which is less than 40 micrometers.
  • a piece produced by continuous casting and successively comprises: - a mixing cycle comprising the following stages: . a first delivery of the piece at a delivery rate R1 between 4, 8 and 5, under a first temperature T1 between 480 ° C and 420 ° C; . a first drawing of the piece at a rate E1 of between 2.1 and 2.5 and under a second temperature T2 of between 400 ° and 420 ° C; . a second discharge of the piece at a rate R2 of between 2.1 and 2.5, under the second temperature T2; and . a second drawing of the piece at a rate E2 of between 19.8 and 20.2, under the second temperature T2; - matrix forging comprising the following two stages: .
  • the method comprises, after the mixing cycle, a step of cutting the piece to provide blanks whose mass corresponds to that of the parts to be obtained.
  • a preferential implementation of the second stretch provides for several sub-phases to successively obtain a piece of square section, then of octagonal section, then of round section.
  • the kneading is preceded by a peeling phase.
  • die forging is preceded by a peeling phase.
  • the top of the cone to be formed is obtained during the last forging phase.
  • the recrystallization heat treatment is carried out at a temperature between 300 ° C and 440 ° C, under vacuum and for a period which varies from 30 to 60 minutes.
  • the copper coins to be obtained must have a crystalline structure whose grains are less than 40 micrometers in size.
  • the material used has been in the form of ordinary sheets.
  • the crystal structure of the latter allows flow forming, but does not allow the crystal structure of the finished parts to be of the order of the aforementioned fineness.
  • a feature of the invention consists in using a piece coming from a bar obtained by continuous casting.
  • the crystal structure of such a copper obtained by continuous casting is composed of grains with basalt growth. Their length can reach 8 centimeters. They are generally oriented radially with respect to the section of the bar obtained by casting. This radial structure is homogeneous as a function of the radius, which is not the case for sheets intended to be flow-rotated.
  • the method according to the invention comprises a first series of kneading phases.
  • the piece is successively pushed back and stretched. It is recalled that the drawing rate is the ratio of the initial and final sections of the part and that the delivery rate is the ratio of the final and initial sections.
  • the starting piece has a diameter slightly greater than 200 millimeters.
  • the different dimensions of the part will be specified to illustrate the invention and its successive phases more precisely.
  • the drawing and delivery rates cited being on the other hand parameters, the values of which must be respected in order to obtain the efficiency of the process.
  • the piece is preferably peeled beforehand with a diameter of 203 mm.
  • a first discharge phase is carried out at a temperature T1 of between 420 ° C and 480 ° C, preferably at the temperature of 450 ° C.
  • the delivery rate R1 which must be applied, is between 4.8 and 5, the value of 4.9 should preferably be used.
  • the diameter of the piece goes from 203 mm to 450 mm.
  • Such a discharge can be obtained using a hydraulic press operating with a force of 1,200 tonnes and whose descent of the piston is 60 m / min, or 1 m / s, and this at constant speed.
  • This repression is followed by stretching.
  • This operation is carried out at a temperature T2 slightly lower than the first discharge temperature T1.
  • T2 slightly lower than the first discharge temperature T1.
  • the temperature is therefore reduced.
  • this reduction must be meticulously dosed to avoid the appearance of a phenomenon of work hardening which is likely to occur for an excessive reduction in temperature. Consequently, the temperature T2 is between 400 ° C and 420 ° C, the value of 400 ° C corresponding to the value of 450 ° C for the discharge.
  • the piece is tilted 90 °, its axis being horizontal.
  • the draw ratio to be used is between 2.1 and 2.5, the value of 2.2 being preferred.
  • the diameter of the piece 2 is reduced from 450 mm to 300 mm for this same piece identified 3.
  • the drawing operation can be carried out on the same 1,200 ton press, with the same constant lowering speed of the piston, in l 'occurrence 60 m / min.
  • the piece 3 is tilted, so that its axis is vertical. It then undergoes a second discharge phase, always under the second temperature T2 between 400 and 420 ° C.
  • the delivery rate R2 is between 2.1 and 2.5, the value of 2.2 being preferred.
  • the piece 3 is then brought back in the form of a larger piece, marked 4 in FIG. 1C, its diameter in this case being 450 mm.
  • a second stretch follows the second delivery and is always carried out at the same temperature T2 between 400 and 420 ° C.
  • the piece 4 is replaced horizontally. It then undergoes several successive phases during which the stretching ratio E2 is between 19.8 and 20.2, the value of 20 being preferably chosen.
  • the piece 4 is put in the form of a square piece of 240 mm side.
  • the stretching continues and the square piece 5 is put in the form of an octagonal piece 6, the sides of which are approximately 100 mm.
  • the stretching ends with the transformation of the octagonal piece 6 into an elongated cylindrical piece 7, with a diameter of 100 mm ( Figure F).
  • This last shaping is carried out by means of a calibration carried out on a pestle hammer.
  • Plots produced by continuous casting, are generally much larger than that of the parts produced. Indeed, one of these pieces can commonly exceed 100 kg and have a length of the order of 500 mm. It is then necessary to cut this piece at the end of the last mixing phase, this piece having been stretched sufficiently for this purpose. Blanks 8 are therefore cut off with a mass equal to the mass of the part which is to be manufactured. This sectioning is shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1G.
  • the second main part of the process according to the invention consists of matrix forging from the part obtained after the last wrought operation.
  • the preparation of the plot can also be completed by peeling with a diameter of 95 mm. There follows a pre-forging phase at room temperature during which the diameter of the part increases to take for example the value of 145 mm.
  • the part 10 undergoes the forging of a conical bearing 9.
  • the frustoconical base obtained 11 is intended to ensure the positioning of the part in the final forging tool.
  • the drop in temperature causes the grains in the crystal structure of the plot to be reduced.
  • the forging proper comprises at least one phase of forging at ambient temperature in a matrix 12 whose shape corresponds to the final shape to be obtained.
  • the number of forging phases depends on the final dimensions to be obtained.
  • the last forging phase includes the formation of the top 14 of the cone of the part to be forged 12.
  • the third main part of the process according to the invention consists of a heat treatment for recrystallization. Indeed, at the end of forging, after the various kneading, during which the cumulative kneading rate can reach 500, the grains are deformed by work hardening throughout the part and in the direction of the flow of metal.
  • FIG. 2B represents a detail of a cut made in the piece at the end of the forging, once the shaping of the part is finished. Given the scale, which is symbolized by the representation of 100 ⁇ m / 1 cm, it can be seen that the size of the grains has considerably decreased, these having a size of the order of 50 ⁇ m.
  • the heat treatment preferably consists of a heat treatment under vacuum, at the temperature T3 of 440 ° C.
  • this third temperature T3 is understood between 300 ° C and 440 ° C. This operation is carried out for a period of between 30 and 60 minutes.
  • the final grain size of the copper is less than 40 micrometers. For the application which has just been described, this size is between 10 and 30 micrometers.
  • FIG. 2C represents, on a 100 scale, the crystal structure of the finished part.
  • the size of the grains has further decreased and is around ten micrometers.
  • the process can be completed with a finishing phase.
  • the latter can be carried out by flow spinning, once the metallurgical structure obtained after the heat treatment by recrystallization is stabilized.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
EP90400775A 1989-03-22 1990-03-21 Verfahren zum Herstellen sehr feinkörniger Kupferteile aus Stranggussrohlingen Expired - Lifetime EP0389367B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8903751A FR2644714A1 (fr) 1989-03-22 1989-03-22 Procede d'obtention de pieces de grandes dimensions en cuivre et de structure tres fine, a partir d'un lopin issu de coulee continue
FR8903751 1989-03-22

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0389367A1 true EP0389367A1 (de) 1990-09-26
EP0389367B1 EP0389367B1 (de) 1994-06-22

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EP90400775A Expired - Lifetime EP0389367B1 (de) 1989-03-22 1990-03-21 Verfahren zum Herstellen sehr feinkörniger Kupferteile aus Stranggussrohlingen

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US5039355A (de)
EP (1) EP0389367B1 (de)
DE (1) DE69010043T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2644714A1 (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0637369A1 (de) * 1992-04-23 1995-02-08 Defense Technology International, Inc. Hohlladungsperforator
FR2729596A1 (fr) * 1992-05-07 1996-07-26 Commissariat Energie Atomique Procede de fabrication de pieces metalliques par forgeage libre et matricage sous presse
EP0694754A3 (de) * 1994-07-29 1996-08-14 Alliant Techsystems Inc Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Hohlladungseinlage für ein Geschoss wobei diese Einlage aus einem einphasigen refraktären Material hergestellt ist

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT1282701B1 (it) * 1996-02-27 1998-03-31 Cembre Spa Procedimento per la realizzazione di contatti elettrici applicabili particolarmente sull'anima di rotaie e simili
US6531039B2 (en) 2001-02-21 2003-03-11 Nikko Materials Usa, Inc. Anode for plating a semiconductor wafer
US7011919B2 (en) * 2002-12-02 2006-03-14 Eastman Kodak Company Self-dispersing titanyl phthalocyanine pigment compositions and electrophotographic charge generation layers containing same
US8876990B2 (en) * 2009-08-20 2014-11-04 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Thermo-mechanical process to enhance the quality of grain boundary networks
RU2474484C1 (ru) * 2011-09-07 2013-02-10 Виктор Андреевич ЛАЗОРКИН Способ изготовления поковок с мелкозернистой структурой
EP2762247A4 (de) * 2011-09-22 2015-08-19 Inst Metal Res Chinese Acad Sc Schmiedeverfahren zum hocheffizienten verschliessen poröser defekte bei stahlblöcken oder barren
KR101323168B1 (ko) * 2011-12-16 2013-11-05 포항공과대학교 산학협력단 원뿔형 금속관재의 비틀림 강소성 가공법
CN105887028A (zh) * 2016-05-13 2016-08-24 洛阳高新四丰电子材料有限公司 一种大尺寸高纯铜平面靶材的制备方法
CN108517477B (zh) * 2018-04-16 2020-10-23 中国兵器工业第五九研究所 一种深锥形铜药型罩组织超细晶化梯度控制方法
CN114309411A (zh) * 2022-01-20 2022-04-12 中聚信海洋工程装备有限公司 一种曲拐预制件锻造工艺

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR792240A (fr) * 1934-06-22 1935-12-26 Aluminium Ltd Perfectionnements au travail des métaux
US2312830A (en) * 1941-02-08 1943-03-02 Continuous Casting Corp Method of making drawn, pressed, or stamped cupped objects of metals and alloys
DE2358554B1 (de) * 1973-11-24 1974-08-08 Wieland-Werke Ag, 7900 Ulm Verfahren zum Abziehen und Nachbehandeln eines aus einer Stranggießkokille austretenden Stranges aus Kupfer und Kupferlegierungen
FR2443044A1 (en) * 1975-10-22 1980-06-27 France Etat Metal caps for explosive charges, made by rotary extrusion - where cap is annealed to reduce structural anisotropy and thus provide max. penetrating power of shell into target
DE3515686A1 (de) * 1985-05-02 1986-11-06 Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm GmbH, 8012 Ottobrunn Verfahren und vorrichtung zum herstellen einer trichterfoermigen hohlladungsauskleidung aus metall
FR2599648A1 (fr) * 1986-06-10 1987-12-11 Saint Louis Inst Procede pour la fabrication d'un revetement de charge creuse

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US3465567A (en) * 1966-12-30 1969-09-09 Nasa Method of making tubes
US3464865A (en) * 1967-04-11 1969-09-02 Olin Mathieson Process for treating copper base alloys
US3882712A (en) * 1973-10-01 1975-05-13 Olin Corp Processing copper base alloys
US4047978A (en) * 1975-04-17 1977-09-13 Olin Corporation Processing copper base alloys
US4537242A (en) * 1982-01-06 1985-08-27 Olin Corporation Method and apparatus for forming a thixoforged copper base alloy cartridge casing
JPS60114542A (ja) * 1983-11-22 1985-06-21 Ngk Insulators Ltd 時効硬化性チタニウム銅合金材料
US4799973A (en) * 1984-04-02 1989-01-24 Olin Corporation Process for treating copper-nickel alloys for use in brazed assemblies and product

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR792240A (fr) * 1934-06-22 1935-12-26 Aluminium Ltd Perfectionnements au travail des métaux
US2312830A (en) * 1941-02-08 1943-03-02 Continuous Casting Corp Method of making drawn, pressed, or stamped cupped objects of metals and alloys
DE2358554B1 (de) * 1973-11-24 1974-08-08 Wieland-Werke Ag, 7900 Ulm Verfahren zum Abziehen und Nachbehandeln eines aus einer Stranggießkokille austretenden Stranges aus Kupfer und Kupferlegierungen
FR2443044A1 (en) * 1975-10-22 1980-06-27 France Etat Metal caps for explosive charges, made by rotary extrusion - where cap is annealed to reduce structural anisotropy and thus provide max. penetrating power of shell into target
DE3515686A1 (de) * 1985-05-02 1986-11-06 Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm GmbH, 8012 Ottobrunn Verfahren und vorrichtung zum herstellen einer trichterfoermigen hohlladungsauskleidung aus metall
FR2599648A1 (fr) * 1986-06-10 1987-12-11 Saint Louis Inst Procede pour la fabrication d'un revetement de charge creuse

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0637369A1 (de) * 1992-04-23 1995-02-08 Defense Technology International, Inc. Hohlladungsperforator
EP0637369A4 (de) * 1992-04-23 1996-08-14 Defense Technology Internation Hohlladungsperforator.
FR2729596A1 (fr) * 1992-05-07 1996-07-26 Commissariat Energie Atomique Procede de fabrication de pieces metalliques par forgeage libre et matricage sous presse
EP0694754A3 (de) * 1994-07-29 1996-08-14 Alliant Techsystems Inc Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Hohlladungseinlage für ein Geschoss wobei diese Einlage aus einem einphasigen refraktären Material hergestellt ist

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2644714A1 (fr) 1990-09-28
EP0389367B1 (de) 1994-06-22
US5039355A (en) 1991-08-13
DE69010043D1 (de) 1994-07-28
DE69010043T2 (de) 1995-01-05

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