EP0388911B1 - Method and device for packaging and compressing fibres - Google Patents

Method and device for packaging and compressing fibres Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0388911B1
EP0388911B1 EP90105303A EP90105303A EP0388911B1 EP 0388911 B1 EP0388911 B1 EP 0388911B1 EP 90105303 A EP90105303 A EP 90105303A EP 90105303 A EP90105303 A EP 90105303A EP 0388911 B1 EP0388911 B1 EP 0388911B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
press
fiber
container
pressing
press container
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EP90105303A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0388911A1 (en
Inventor
Siegfried Rewitzer
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Hoechst AG
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Hoechst AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B27/00—Bundling particular articles presenting special problems using string, wire, or narrow tape or band; Baling fibrous material, e.g. peat, not otherwise provided for
    • B65B27/12—Baling or bundling compressible fibrous material, e.g. peat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
    • B30B9/30—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for baling; Compression boxes therefor
    • B30B9/3003—Details
    • B30B9/301—Feed means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
    • B30B9/30—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for baling; Compression boxes therefor
    • B30B9/3078—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for baling; Compression boxes therefor with precompression means
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01G—PRELIMINARY TREATMENT OF FIBRES, e.g. FOR SPINNING
    • D01G1/00—Severing continuous filaments or long fibres, e.g. stapling
    • D01G1/02—Severing continuous filaments or long fibres, e.g. stapling to form staple fibres not delivered in strand form
    • D01G1/04—Severing continuous filaments or long fibres, e.g. stapling to form staple fibres not delivered in strand form by cutting

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device and a method for packaging and pressing fiber flakes from short-cut fibers or other fibers with high sliding properties in bale form.
  • the rigid coupling of the pre-press and main press system has been broken, in that the press boxes used can no longer be assigned to a specific press, but are freely movable and can be temporarily stored in order to be fed to a pre-press or the main press in any order.
  • the press boxes used can no longer be assigned to a specific press, but are freely movable and can be temporarily stored in order to be fed to a pre-press or the main press in any order.
  • press boxes which can be of any type and can be transported in any way.
  • EP-B1-0 014 923 in which the final pressing can be carried out in the transportable press containers. According to this patent, the final packaging and reinforcement of the bales produced takes place in the final press. If a higher utilization of this press is required, EP-B1-00 29 977 teaches that the packaging operations can also take place outside the actual main press.
  • a prerequisite for all of these packaging processes is that the staple fibers to be packaged have a certain degree of cohesion, thus ensuring, for example, the addition or storage of the flake in the pre-press, but also the stability of the bale before the final packaging and reinforcement.
  • These prerequisites no longer exist for a number of so-called short-cut fibers, ie fibers with a maximum cut length of approximately 20 mm, preferably 4 to 12 mm.
  • Such materials which are used, for example, as reinforcing fibers in inorganic matrices, moreover usually have little or no crimp. But even with crimped material, undesirable sliding operations can occur, such as. B.
  • box bags such as has previously only been used for the packaging of thread cables, is suitable for ensuring the stability of the pre-pressed or end-pressed material, provided that care is taken to ensure that the filling with fiber flake produces as few inhomogeneities as possible and has mass differences.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of a suitable device for filling and pressing such fiber flake.
  • Figures 2a and 2b show a section along the plane II-II 'of the device according to Figure 1 again.
  • Figure 2a contains a swivel trunk in the filling shaft, while Figure 2b has a movable paddle at this point.
  • Figure 3 shows a further embodiment of the device in which the press box is moved back and forth.
  • FIG. 4 shows a further embodiment of the device in which the clearing device is moved back and forth.
  • Figure 5 shows a possible arrangement of depositing devices and associated presses and a final press in a schematic representation.
  • Figure 6 shows a product produced in the form of a bale.
  • the mode of operation of the device for packaging and pressing fiber flake and the method to be followed are first to be described generally in connection with FIGS. 1 and 2a and 2b.
  • the fiber flake to be packaged reaches the device via a delivery tube (1) and falls through the filling shaft (2) into the opening (30) of the clearing device.
  • a distribution of the fiber flake is necessary here.
  • the filling shaft at least at its lower end (3), already has a width that largely corresponds to the width of the press container (11) into which the material is to be packaged and pressed.
  • the use of a pivotable distribution device (6) is necessary.
  • This swiveling distribution device can consist, for example, of a swiveling trunk (17) which is moved back and forth in the filling shaft (2) with the aid of a movement device (19).
  • the same distribution task can also be solved by a swivel-mounted paddle (18), which is again connected to a drive device (19). With the help of such devices, it is possible to fill the space above the discharge opening (3) of the filling shaft (2) uniformly over the entire width (4) with fiber flake. The flake is then taken over by a clearing device (7).
  • This clearing device can consist, for example, of an endless conveyor belt with attached knobs or hooks or an oscillating conveyor of corresponding width (4).
  • this broaching device is capable of further transporting the pile of fiber flake produced by the swiveling distribution device (6) without there being any noticeable change in the flake density, measured over the width of the broaching device.
  • the clearing device (7) is shown as an arrangement of several screw conveyors (20), in which the pitch of the screw spirals (21) may increase in the direction of the discharge opening (22) via a drive (29) can be moved.
  • the use of screw conveyors is preferred for stack lengths of less than 20 mm, while nubbed belts, in particular over 20 mm of cut length, can bring advantages in the case of crimped fibers.
  • Vibratory or vibratory conveyors are characterized by particularly gentle transport, avoiding the formation of braids or the like.
  • this clearing device (7) or the several screw conveyors (20) arranged in parallel next to one another it is possible to distribute the fiber flake evenly over the length (10) of the opening (5) of the press container (11), provided that either the discharge opening ( 22) the screw conveyor (20) or the clearing device (7) executes a relative movement to the opening of the press container (11) in such a way that the stroke distributes fiber flake evenly over the entire length (10) of the opening (5) of the press container (11) or the resulting flake is first accumulated in an equalization chamber (8) in order to then accumulate in the press container (11).
  • a possible embodiment for such an equalization of the fiber flock density also in the longitudinal direction is the use of a compensating device, which consists of a compensating space (8) in which the flake delivered by the clearing device (7) is piled up.
  • This compensation space (8) has a bottom surface which is formed by the slide (23).
  • This slide which is optionally made of several parts, can completely separate the compensation space (8) from the interior of the press container (11) and, in the open state, completely connect these two spaces to one another without there being an impediment to the transport of fiber flake into the press container .
  • the two longitudinal walls (24) of the compensation space (8) are preferably aligned with the inner walls of the press container (11) located below.
  • the compensation chamber (8) is closed at the top by the press ram (12).
  • one side wall is the discharge opening (22) of the clearing device (7); a press ram is arranged opposite it, which can be advanced over the entire length (10) to the discharge opening (22) and against which the fiber flock is then conveyed.
  • the counter pressure ram (25) can provide a predetermined resistance to its movement against the conveying direction of the discharge device (7), which can be accomplished, for example, by a piston-cylinder unit (40) controlled by compressed air. Due to the required force, a combination of vibratory conveyor and counter pressure stamp (25) is not possible without special measures.
  • this longitudinal equalization device (9) thus consists in distributing the resulting fiber flake in width by the device (6) and by filling the compensation space over the length (10).
  • the clearing device (7) is stopped, the counter pressure stamp (25) is held in its end position and the slide (23) is opened completely.
  • the material accumulated in the compensation chamber (8) is then brought into the interior of the press container (11) by lowering the press ram (12). After lifting the ram (12) into its upper rest position, closing the slide (23) and moving the counter-pressure ram (25) up to the discharge opening (22) of the clearing device (7), the clearing device (7) can go into operation again and close again a gradual filling of the compensation chamber (8) against the resistance of the counter pressure ram (25).
  • FIGs 1 and 2a and 2b also show the basic structure of the press container.
  • This press container (11) should have a rectangular cross section and preferably have no internal internals, such as retaining devices or lacing grooves or the like. It is a rectangular hollow body with the inner width (4) and the length (10), which is closed at its bottom by a releasable base plate (16).
  • this base plate can be held in a drawer-like manner in the lower part of the press container (11); further solutions for such a base plate are already known in the prior art.
  • packaging material (15) preferably with an already prefabricated box bag which is held at the upper edge of the press container by clamping devices (14).
  • the packaging material for the special fiber flake with increased sliding properties can either be a box sack that is dimensioned so generously that after filling with the fiber material and compression by the press ram (12) before the last, final pressing, for example with the press ram (12) can be closed overlapping.
  • another type of packaging (15) can also be used.
  • a box sack is used, which has approximately only the size of the side walls and the base plate of the press container (11) and, for example, subsequently receives an overlapping cover film for covering the end face before the final pressing.
  • the press container (11) should be designed so that it can absorb the pressure acting on it in any case.
  • reinforcements (41) are indicated on the outside of the press container.
  • a light design of the container (11) is also possible if the walls of the press container (11) can be supported flat during the pressing or the press box (11) can be removed from the material to be pressed at least before the final pressing.
  • the press container (11) are preferably freely movable, ie they are not connected to the storage or pressing device via guides or rods. Rather, you can use suitable means of transport, such as floor conveyors or roller conveyors or the like, can be transported as desired. In particular, transport to a separate final press (34) is possible, which works independently of the device for packaging and pressing fiber flake described here. However, in a simplified embodiment, the device according to FIG. 1 is already suitable for a final pressing. In this case, the press box (11) should be removable from the pressed material after the detachable base plate (16) has been released, so that unimpeded packaging of the compressed fiber material in bale form is possible.
  • the press containers (11) preferably also have no otherwise customary retaining flaps. Due to the special properties of the fiber material to be packaged here with high sliding properties and mostly little crimping, the tendency of the pre-pressed material to swell out of the press container after the press ram has been returned is slight.
  • the retaining flaps as they are known from the prior art for the packaging of normal fiber flake, mostly have no effect here due to the high lubricity of the fibers, their retaining effect is usually so limited that it can be dispensed with.
  • the actual packaging and pressing of the fibrous material is carried out according to the method according to the prior art in such a way that a certain amount of fiber material is introduced into the press container and then the press ram (12) is lowered in order to pre-compress this material; afterwards the ram is raised and after further filling it is used again. It is thus possible to pre-compress the material sufficiently, especially if it was possible due to the devices used, one To achieve as uniform a filling of the press container as possible with the fiber flake.
  • FIG. 3 Another embodiment has been shown schematically in FIG. 3.
  • the distribution of the fiber flake over the width of the press container (11) is carried out in the same way as described above, but the distribution in the longitudinal direction (10) of the press container is different here.
  • a relative movement of the press box (11) or its opening (5) to the discharge opening (22) of the clearing device (7), which in turn was shown in FIG. 3 as an aggregation of several screw conveyors, is used for the uniform distribution in the longitudinal direction.
  • the relative movement of the clearing device or discharge opening of the clearing device and the press container (11) takes place by using a traversing device (26), which leads to a back and forth movement of the press box (11).
  • the filling shaft (2) there is at least one foreign body sensor (31) or the like, which is coupled to the drive of the clearing device (7) in such a way that when this detector responds, the clearing device (7) in its conveying direction for a certain short time is reversed and now the fiber material can be automatically excreted together with the foreign body via the nozzle (32).
  • Foreign bodies of this type are, for example, knife fragments which can be recognized very well by corresponding metal detectors.
  • FIG. 4 shows another embodiment of the device according to the invention.
  • the distribution over the longitudinal direction (10) of the press box (11) takes place by a traversing movement of the entire clearing device (7), while the press container (11) is fixed in the filling and pressing position.
  • Further press containers (11) in addition to the actual press container in the press position are intended to indicate the introduction and removal of such press containers.
  • the left press container should still be empty, only equipped with a box sack, while the right container (11) already contains pressed goods that are to be fed to a final press.
  • Roller or roller conveyors (37, 38) are indicated here as transport devices.
  • the clearing device moves back and forth in this embodiment.
  • a traversing device is used, which moves the clearing device (7) including drive (29) back and forth.
  • the stroke of this traversing device should be oriented in such a way that the opening of the press container (11) is completely released in a left end position, so that the press ram (12) can be lowered and, on the other hand, the stroke is sufficient to achieve a uniform To allow scattering of the fiber flake over the entire length of the press container.
  • the clearing device (7) can consist of a correspondingly wide vibrating or vibrating conveyor.
  • the discharge opening (3) of the filling shaft (2) which is connected to the inlet opening (30) of the clearing device (7), is also accommodated in this traversing device. It is necessary, for example, to connect the filling shaft (2) or the delivery tube (1) for fiber flake to at least one elastic connecting member (36) and possibly also (42). These elastic links are made of, for example made of elastic plastic or rubber and have approximately the shape of the filling shaft.
  • the two end positions in the traversing of the clearing device (7) are again indicated in FIG. 4. The end position is indicated in solid lines, in which the use of the press ram (12) is possible without damaging the clearing device. In the dash-dotted version, the other end position is indicated, which is necessary for the discharge of the fiber flake to the other side of the press container.
  • foreign body sensors (31) are provided and a reversing device of the drive (29) so that foreign bodies can be ejected via the connection piece (32).
  • FIG. 4 shows a base (43) which also has transport devices for the press container (11) but also corresponding positioning devices (13).
  • force transducers can be attached here, which are attached, for example, to pneumatic actuators (not shown) and with the help of which a continuous control of the degree of filling, i.e. that is, the amount of fiber flake filled in can be carried out.
  • these force transducers (44) are pivoted out or shut down again before actuation of the press ram (12) in order to prevent damage during the actual pressing process, if possible. If several load cells are used, the uniformity of the distribution of the fiber flake may even be tracked and the effectiveness of the distribution devices (6) and / or (9) may be influenced.
  • the mode of operation of this device is similar to that already described for the device according to FIG. 1.
  • the fiber flake falls through the filling shaft (2) and the elastic members (36) and optionally (42) into the broaching device, after being evenly distributed over the width of the by a pivotable distribution device (6)
  • Fill shaft has been distributed.
  • the lower discharge opening of the filling shaft and the clearing device already have a working width which corresponds to the width (4) of the press container (11).
  • the clearing device moves back and forth between two limit points. One limit position allows the press ram (12) to be lowered into the press container (11) without risk, the other end position satisfies the requirement for an even distribution of the fiber flake over the full length of the press container (11).
  • the press containers (11) are lined in the form of a box bag before being filled with packaging material. These box bags are held by appropriate clamping devices (14). By pressing from time to time with the aid of the press ram (12), the fiber material is compressed. After the packaging has been completed or closed, the fibrous material can be finally pressed in the press container (11). It is then possible, using suitable devices, to remove the press container (11) from the pressed material after removal of the detachable base plate (16) and the fiber flake in the strongly pressed state, for example by introducing reinforcements made of steel strip or wires (33) in bale form (35 ) to fix (Fig. 6). It is also possible to remove the press container (11) before the final pressing.
  • Such final pressing and packaging of the material does not have to be carried out with the help of the press ram (12) of the device, but can also be carried out in a possibly separate press (34) with or without a feeding container (11).
  • FIG. 5 A schematic representation of a possible arrangement is shown in FIG. 5.
  • the press boxes (11) pass from the pre-pressing devices via roller conveyors (37) to a central press (34), in which the final pressing and packaging is carried out.
  • the empty press containers are sent back to the storage and pre-pressing devices via roller conveyors (38).
  • Such a system can be part of a larger crimping system using various pre-presses or cable trays. These options have been indicated by the additional roller tracks (39).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Auxiliary Devices For And Details Of Packaging Control (AREA)
  • Preliminary Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)

Abstract

Device and method for packaging and pressing fibre flocks from short-cut fibres or fibres with high sliding properties in bale form by means of a filling shaft (2), in which a distributor device (6) ensures that the fibre flocks are transferred uniformly to a clearing device (7) already having the width (4) of the press-container orifice (5), the clearing device (7), in interaction with a longitudinal smoothing device (9), moving the flocks further in such a way that a uniform feed of the press container (11) is obtained. Fibre flocks introduced in this way can then be prepressed, finish-pressed, packaged to form bales and sheathed in a way known per se. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung und ein Verfahren zum Verpacken und Pressen von Faserflocke aus Kurzschnittfasern oder anderen Fasern mit hohen Gleiteigenschaften in Ballenform.The invention relates to a device and a method for packaging and pressing fiber flakes from short-cut fibers or other fibers with high sliding properties in bale form.

Es ist allgemein bekannt, Stapelfaserflocke in Behältern abzulegen, mehrfach vorzupressen und dann eine Endpressung in einer zweiten Presse vorzunehmen. Das so gepreßte Material wird üblicherweise mit flächenförmigem Verpackungsmaterial, wie z. B. Folien, verpackt und im hochgepreßten Zustand mit einer Armierung versehen. Die so erzeugten Ballen sind die übliche Versandform für Stapelfasern bzw. Stapelfaserflocke. Bewährt haben sich sogenannte Karusselpressen, bei denen zwei Preßkästen um eine vertikale Achse drehbar angeordnet sind, und jeweils in einem Kasten in der Vorpreßstufe das Fasermaterial angesammelt und von Zeit zu Zeit vorgepreßt wird, um anschließend nach einer Drehung des Freßkastenpaares um 180° der Wirkung des Hauptpressenstempels ausgesetzt zu werden. Derartige Pressen sind z. B. in der DE-A-25 23 043, aber auch in der DE-B-20 42 004 ausführlich beschrieben.It is generally known to deposit staple fiber flakes in containers, to pre-press several times and then to carry out a final pressing in a second press. The material thus pressed is usually covered with sheet-like packaging material, such as. B. foils, packed and provided in the pressed state with a reinforcement. The bales produced in this way are the usual form of dispatch for staple fibers or staple fiber flakes. So-called carousel presses have proven themselves, in which two press boxes are arranged rotatably about a vertical axis, and in each case the fiber material is accumulated in a box in the pre-pressing stage and is pressed from time to time, after which the pair of feeding boxes is rotated by 180 ° of the effect of the Main press stamp to be exposed. Such presses are e.g. B. in DE-A-25 23 043, but also in DE-B-20 42 004 described in detail.

Bei neueren Ausführungsformen wurde die starre Kopplung von Vorpressen- und Hauptpressensystem durchbrochen, indem die eingesetzen Preßkästen nicht mehr einer bestimmten Presse zugeordnet werden können, sondern frei beweglich sind, zwischengelagert werden können, um in beliebiger Reihenfolge einer Vorpresse bzw. der Hauptpresse zugeführt zu werden. Für die Verpackung und Verpressung von Fadenkabeln wurde bereits in der DE-A-27 36 316 beschrieben, Vor- und Endpressung unabhängig voneinander zu gestalten und Preßkästen einzusetzen, die in beliebiger Art und Weise und auf beliebigen Wegen transportiert werden können. Eine Weiterführung stellt die Lehre der EP-B1-0 014 923 dar, bei der die Endverpressung in den transportablen Preßbehältern vorgenommen werden kann. Gemäß dieser Patentschrift erfolgt die endgültige Verpackung und Armierung der erzeugten Ballen in der Endpresse. Falls eine höhere Auslastung dieser Presse erforderlich ist, lehrt die EP-B1-00 29 977, daß die Verpackungsoperationen auch außerhalb der eigentlichen Hauptpresse erfolgen können.In more recent embodiments, the rigid coupling of the pre-press and main press system has been broken, in that the press boxes used can no longer be assigned to a specific press, but are freely movable and can be temporarily stored in order to be fed to a pre-press or the main press in any order. For the packaging and pressing of thread cables it has already been described in DE-A-27 36 316 to design pre-pressing and final pressing independently of one another and to use press boxes which can be of any type and can be transported in any way. A continuation is the teaching of EP-B1-0 014 923, in which the final pressing can be carried out in the transportable press containers. According to this patent, the final packaging and reinforcement of the bales produced takes place in the final press. If a higher utilization of this press is required, EP-B1-00 29 977 teaches that the packaging operations can also take place outside the actual main press.

Besondere Vorteile, die sich durch den Einsatz von frei beweglichen Preßbehältern ergeben, wie z. B. die Möglichkeit der genauen Wägung des Füllzustandes eines Preßbehälters, werden beispielsweise in der EP-B1-115 069 beschrieben.Special advantages that result from the use of freely movable press containers, such as. B. the possibility of precise weighing of the filling state of a press container are described for example in EP-B1-115 069.

Voraussetzung für alle diese Verpackungsverfahren ist, daß die zu verpackenden Stapelfasern einen gewissen Zusammenhalt aufweisen und so beispielsweise die Zudosierung bzw. Ablage der Flocke in der Vorpresse, aber auch die Standfestigkeit des Ballens vor der endgültigen Verpackung und Armierung gewährleisten. Diese Voraussetzungen sind bei einer Reihe von sogenannten Kurzschnittfasern, d. h. Fasern, deren Schnittlänge maximal etwa 20 mm beträgt, vorzugsweise 4 bis 12 mm, nicht mehr gegeben. Derartige Materialien, die beispielsweise als Verstärkungsfasern in anorganischen Matrices eingesetzt werden, weisen darüber hinaus meist nur eine geringe oder überhaupt keine Kräuselung auf. Aber auch bei gekräuseltem Material können unerwünschte Gleitvorgänge auftreten, wie z. B. bei der Ablagerung, Verpressung und Verpackung von siliconisierten Stapelfasern, wie sie beispielsweise als Füllfasern für Polster, Bettzeug bzw. stark wärmeisolierende Kleidung eingesetzt werden. In allen diesen Fällen ist die Reibung der Fasern untereinander stark herabgesetzt, was zu großen Schwierigkeiten bei der gleichmäßigen Füllung der Vorpressensysteme, bei dem Weitertransport des so angesammelten Materials und bei der Verpackung nach der Endpressung führt.A prerequisite for all of these packaging processes is that the staple fibers to be packaged have a certain degree of cohesion, thus ensuring, for example, the addition or storage of the flake in the pre-press, but also the stability of the bale before the final packaging and reinforcement. These prerequisites no longer exist for a number of so-called short-cut fibers, ie fibers with a maximum cut length of approximately 20 mm, preferably 4 to 12 mm. Such materials, which are used, for example, as reinforcing fibers in inorganic matrices, moreover usually have little or no crimp. But even with crimped material, undesirable sliding operations can occur, such as. B. in the deposition, pressing and packaging of siliconized staple fibers, such as those used for example as filler fibers for upholstery, bedding or highly heat-insulating clothing. In all these cases, the friction between the fibers is greatly reduced, which leads to great difficulties in the uniform filling of the pre-press systems Further transport of the material thus collected and in the packaging after the final pressing leads.

Es bestand daher immer noch die Aufgabe, ein Ablage-, Ballenpressen- und Verpackungssystem für diese Stapelfasern mit besonderen Gleiteigenschaften zu finden, das sich möglichst in vorhandene Abfüll- und Pressensysteme integrieren läßt.There was therefore still the task of finding a storage, baling and packaging system for these staple fibers with special sliding properties that could be integrated into existing filling and press systems as far as possible.

Es wurde nun gefunden, daß der Einsatz von Kastensäcken, wie er bisher nur für die Verpackung von Fadenkabel benutzt wurde, geeignet ist, die Standfestigkeit des vorgepreßten bzw. endgepreßten Materials sicherzustellen, sofern dafür gesorgt wird, daß die erzeugte Füllung mit Faserflocke möglichst wenige Inhomogenitäten und Massenunterschiede aufweist.It has now been found that the use of box bags, such as has previously only been used for the packaging of thread cables, is suitable for ensuring the stability of the pre-pressed or end-pressed material, provided that care is taken to ensure that the filling with fiber flake produces as few inhomogeneities as possible and has mass differences.

Während es bei der Verarbeitung von Stapelfasern für übliche textile Einsatzzwecke ohne weiteres ausreichend ist, das Material frei in den Preßbehälter fallen zu lassen, muß beispielsweise bei der Verpackung von ungekräuselten Kurzschnittfasern von z. B. 6 mm Schnittlänge genau darauf geachtet werden, daß das angelieferte Material sehr gleichmäßig über den gesamten Querschnitt im Preßkasten verteilt wird. Wird diese Gleichmäßigkeit nicht erreicht, besteht die Gefahr, daß es bei dem Weitertransport bzw. bei der Verpackung dieses Materials in Ballenform zu Gleitvorgängen kommt, die zum Wegrutschen von Teilen innerhalb des Ballens oder sogar zur vollständigen Auflösung dieser Verpackungsform führen können. Daneben besteht vor allen Dingen noch die Gefahr, daß durch die ungleichmäßige Schüttung des Materials die Kraft des Preßstempels nicht mehr gleichmäßig verteilt wird. Das bedeutet, daß die Gefahr von Verklemmungen des Preßstempels gegeben ist. Es waren daher zusätzlich Verfahren und Vorrichtungen zu entwickeln, die die oben geschilderten Nachteile nicht aufweisen.While in the processing of staple fibers for conventional textile uses it is sufficient to let the material fall freely into the press container, for example in the packaging of crimped short cut fibers of e.g. B. 6 mm cutting length, be careful that the material supplied is distributed very evenly over the entire cross-section in the press box. If this uniformity is not achieved, there is a risk that the further transport or packaging of this material in the form of a bale will lead to sliding processes which can lead to parts slipping away within the bale or even to the complete dissolution of this packaging form. In addition, there is above all the danger that the force of the ram is no longer evenly distributed due to the uneven pouring of the material. This means that there is a risk of the press ram getting jammed. Methods and devices therefore had to be developed which do not have the disadvantages described above.

Versuche haben gezeigt, daß eine ausreichende Vergleichmäßigung nicht mehr durch Rührvorgänge oder dgl. in dem Preßbehälter erreicht werden kann. Gefunden wurde vielmehr, daß es notwendig ist, die Vergleichmäßigung der Flockenmenge in Richtung der Breite des Preßkastens und in Richtung der Länge des Preßkastens getrennt vorzunehmen.Experiments have shown that adequate homogenization can no longer be achieved by stirring processes or the like in the press container. Rather, it was found that it was necessary to carry out the equalization of the amount of flakes separately in the direction of the width of the press box and in the direction of the length of the press box.

Die gefundenen Lösungen sind in dem Hauptverfahrens- und Hauptvorrichtungsanspruch festgehalten, während Sonderausführungen, die bevorzugt sind, Gegenstand der Unteransprüche sind.The solutions found are set out in the main process and main device claim, while special designs which are preferred are the subject of the subclaims.

Die weitere Erläuterung der Erfindung soll für Verfahren und Vorrichtung gemeinsam anhand der beigefügten Abbildungen erfolgen.The further explanation of the invention is intended to be made for the method and the device together using the attached figures.

Figur 1 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung einer geeigneten Vorrichtung zum Abfüllen und Verpressen derartiger Faserflocke dar.Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of a suitable device for filling and pressing such fiber flake.

Figur 2a und 2b geben einen Schnitt entlang der Ebene II-II′ der Vorrichtung gemäß Figur 1 wieder. Figur 2a enthält einen Schwenkrüssel im Füllschacht, während Figur 2b ein bewegliches Paddel an dieser Stelle aufweist.Figures 2a and 2b show a section along the plane II-II 'of the device according to Figure 1 again. Figure 2a contains a swivel trunk in the filling shaft, while Figure 2b has a movable paddle at this point.

Figur 3 zeigt eine weitere Ausführungsform der Vorrichtung, bei der der Preßkasten hin und her bewegt wird.Figure 3 shows a further embodiment of the device in which the press box is moved back and forth.

Figur 4 zeigt eine weitere Ausführungsform der Vorrichtung bei der die Räumvorrichtung hin und her bewegt wird.FIG. 4 shows a further embodiment of the device in which the clearing device is moved back and forth.

Figur 5 zeigt eine mögliche Anordnung von Ablegevorrichtungen und zugehörigen Pressen und eine Endpresse in schematischer Darstellung.Figure 5 shows a possible arrangement of depositing devices and associated presses and a final press in a schematic representation.

Figur 6 zeigt ein erzeugtes Produkt in Form eines Ballens.Figure 6 shows a product produced in the form of a bale.

Die Arbeitsweise der Vorrichtung zum Verpacken und Pressen von Faserflocke und das dabei einzuhaltende Verfahren sollen zunächst allgemein in Verbindung mit den Figuren 1 und 2a und 2b beschrieben werden. Die zu verpackende Faserflocke erreicht die Vorrichung über ein Anlieferrohr (1) und fällt durch den Füllschacht (2) in die Öffnung (30) der Räumvorrichtung. Hierbei ist eine Verteilung der Faserflocke notwendig. Wie aus den Figuren 2a und 2b ersichtlich, weist der Füllschacht wenigstens an seinem unteren Ende (3) bereits eine Breite auf, die der Breite des Preßbehälters (11), in den das Material verpackt und verpreßt werden soll, weitgehend entspricht. Um eine gleichmäßige Beaufschlagung der Räumvorrichtung (7) mit der anfallenden Faserflocke zu erreichen, ist der Einsatz einer schwenkbaren Verteilungsvorrichtung (6) erforderlich. Diese schwenkbare Verteilungsvorrichtung kann beispielsweise aus einem schwenkbaren Rüssel (17) bestehen, der mit Hilfe einer Bewegungsvorrichtung (19) in dem Füllschacht (2) hin und her bewegt wird. Die gleiche Verteilungsaufgabe kann auch durch ein schwenkbar gelagertes Paddel (18) gelöst werden, das ebenfalls wieder mit einer Antriebsvorrichtung (19) verbunden ist. Mit Hilfe derartiger Vorrichtungen ist es möglich, den Raum oberhalb der Austragsöffnung (3) des Füllschachtes (2) gleichmäßig über die gesamte Breite (4) mit Faserflocke anzufüllen. Die Flocke wird dann von einer Räumvorrichtung (7) übernommen. Diese Räumvorrichtung kann beispielsweise aus einem endlosen Förderband mit aufgesetzten Noppen oder Haken oder einem Schwingförderer von entsprechender Breite (4) bestehen. Wichtig ist, daß diese Räumvorrichtung in der Lage ist, die durch die schwenkbare Verteilungsvorrichtung (6) erzeugte Schüttung von Faserflocke weiterzutransportieren, ohne daß es zu einer merklichen Veränderung der Flockendichte, gemessen über die Breite der Räumvorrichtung kommt. In den Figuren ist die Räumvorrichtung (7) dargestellt als eine Anordnung von mehreren Schneckenförderern (20), bei welchen die Steigung der Schneckenwendeln (21) gegebenenfalls in Richtung der Austragsöffnung (22) zunimmt, die über einen Antrieb (29) bewegt werden. Der Einsatz von Schneckenförderern ist bevorzugt bei Stapellängen unter 20 mm, während Noppenbänder insbesondere über 20 mm Schnittlänge und bei gekräuselten Fasern Vorteile bringen können. Schwing- oder Rüttelförderer zeichnen sich durch besonders schonenden Transport unter Vermeidung von Zopfbildung oder dergl. aus.The mode of operation of the device for packaging and pressing fiber flake and the method to be followed are first to be described generally in connection with FIGS. 1 and 2a and 2b. The fiber flake to be packaged reaches the device via a delivery tube (1) and falls through the filling shaft (2) into the opening (30) of the clearing device. A distribution of the fiber flake is necessary here. As can be seen from FIGS. 2a and 2b, the filling shaft, at least at its lower end (3), already has a width that largely corresponds to the width of the press container (11) into which the material is to be packaged and pressed. In order to achieve a uniform loading of the broaching device (7) with the resulting fiber flake, the use of a pivotable distribution device (6) is necessary. This swiveling distribution device can consist, for example, of a swiveling trunk (17) which is moved back and forth in the filling shaft (2) with the aid of a movement device (19). The same distribution task can also be solved by a swivel-mounted paddle (18), which is again connected to a drive device (19). With the help of such devices, it is possible to fill the space above the discharge opening (3) of the filling shaft (2) uniformly over the entire width (4) with fiber flake. The flake is then taken over by a clearing device (7). This clearing device can consist, for example, of an endless conveyor belt with attached knobs or hooks or an oscillating conveyor of corresponding width (4). It is important that this broaching device is capable of further transporting the pile of fiber flake produced by the swiveling distribution device (6) without there being any noticeable change in the flake density, measured over the width of the broaching device. In the figures, the clearing device (7) is shown as an arrangement of several screw conveyors (20), in which the pitch of the screw spirals (21) may increase in the direction of the discharge opening (22) via a drive (29) can be moved. The use of screw conveyors is preferred for stack lengths of less than 20 mm, while nubbed belts, in particular over 20 mm of cut length, can bring advantages in the case of crimped fibers. Vibratory or vibratory conveyors are characterized by particularly gentle transport, avoiding the formation of braids or the like.

Über diese Räumvorrichtung (7) bzw. die mehreren, parallel nebeneinander angeordneten Schneckenförderer (20) ist es möglich, die anfallende Faserflocke über die Länge (10) der Öffnung (5) des Preßbehälters (11) gleichmäßig zu verteilen, sofern entweder die Austragsöffnung (22) der Schneckenförderer (20) bzw. der Räumvorrichtung (7) eine Relativbewegung zur Öffnung des Preßbehälters (11) in der Weise ausführt, daß der Hub eine gleichmäßige Verteilung von Faserflocke über die gesamte Länge (10) der Öffnung (5) des Preßbehälters (11) gestattet oder die anfallende Flocke zunächst in einem Ausgleichsraum (8) angesammelt wird, um dann als Anhäufung in den Preßbehälter (11) zu gelangen.Using this clearing device (7) or the several screw conveyors (20) arranged in parallel next to one another, it is possible to distribute the fiber flake evenly over the length (10) of the opening (5) of the press container (11), provided that either the discharge opening ( 22) the screw conveyor (20) or the clearing device (7) executes a relative movement to the opening of the press container (11) in such a way that the stroke distributes fiber flake evenly over the entire length (10) of the opening (5) of the press container (11) or the resulting flake is first accumulated in an equalization chamber (8) in order to then accumulate in the press container (11).

Eine mögliche Ausführungsform für eine derartige Vergleichmäßigung der Faserflockendichte auch in Längsrichtung ist der Einsatz einer Ausgleichsvorrichtung, die aus einem Ausgleichsraum (8) besteht, in dem die durch die Räumvorrichtung (7) angelieferte Flocke angehäuft wird. Dieser Ausgleichsraum (8) hat eine Bodenfläche, die durch den Schieber (23) gebildet wird. Dieser Schieber, der gegebenenfalls mehrteilig ausgeführt ist, kann den Ausgleichsraum (8) vollständig von dem Innenraum des Preßbehälter (11) abtrennen und in geöffnetem Zustand diese beiden Räume vollständig miteinander verbinden, ohne daß es zu einer Behinderung des Transports von Faserflocke in den Preßbehälter kommt. Die beiden Längswände (24) des Ausgleichsraumes (8) fluchten vorzugsweise mit den Innenwänden des darunter befindlichen Preßbehälters (11). Nach oben wird der Ausgleichsraum (8) durch den Preßstempel (12) abgeschlossen. Es verbleiben noch die beiden Seitenwände: die eine Seitenwand ist die Austragsöffnung (22) der Räumvorrichtung (7); ihr gegenüber ist ein Preßstempel angeordnet, der über die gesamte Länge (10) bis zur Austragsöffnung (22) vorgeschoben werden kann und gegen den dann die Faserflocke gefördert wird. Der Gegendruckstempel (25) kann seiner Bewegung gegen die Förderrichtung der Austragsvorrichtung (7) einen vorgegebenen Widerstand leisten, was beispielsweise durch einen mit Preßluft gesteuerten Kolben-Zylindereinheit (40) bewerkstelligt werden kann. Aufgrund der benötigten Kraft ist eine Kombination von Schwingförderer und Gegendruckstempel (25) ohne besondere Maßnahmen nicht möglich.A possible embodiment for such an equalization of the fiber flock density also in the longitudinal direction is the use of a compensating device, which consists of a compensating space (8) in which the flake delivered by the clearing device (7) is piled up. This compensation space (8) has a bottom surface which is formed by the slide (23). This slide, which is optionally made of several parts, can completely separate the compensation space (8) from the interior of the press container (11) and, in the open state, completely connect these two spaces to one another without there being an impediment to the transport of fiber flake into the press container . The two longitudinal walls (24) of the compensation space (8) are preferably aligned with the inner walls of the press container (11) located below. The compensation chamber (8) is closed at the top by the press ram (12). The two remain Side walls: one side wall is the discharge opening (22) of the clearing device (7); a press ram is arranged opposite it, which can be advanced over the entire length (10) to the discharge opening (22) and against which the fiber flock is then conveyed. The counter pressure ram (25) can provide a predetermined resistance to its movement against the conveying direction of the discharge device (7), which can be accomplished, for example, by a piston-cylinder unit (40) controlled by compressed air. Due to the required force, a combination of vibratory conveyor and counter pressure stamp (25) is not possible without special measures.

Die Arbeitsweise dieser Längsvergleichmäßigungsvorrichtung (9) besteht also in einer Verteilung der anfallenden Faserflocke in der Breite durch die Vorrichtung (6) und durch die Füllung des Ausgleichsraumes über die Länge (10). Wenn der Gegendruckstempel (25) seine Endstellung erreicht hat, wird die Räumvorrichtung (7) angehalten, der Gegendruckstempel (25) in seiner Endposition gehalten und der Schieber (23) vollständig geöffnet. Das in dem Ausgleichsraum (8) angesammelte Material wird dann durch Absenken des Preßstempels (12) in den Innenraum des Preßbehälters (11) verbracht. Nach Anheben des Preßstempels (12) in seine obere Ruheposition, Schließen des Schiebers (23) und Vorfahren des Gegendruckstempels (25) bis an die Austragsöffnung (22) der Räumvorrichtung (7) kann die Räumvorrichtung (7) wieder in Betrieb gehen und wieder zu einer allmählichen Füllung des Ausgleichraumes (8) gegen den Widerstand des Gegendruckstempels (25) führen.The operation of this longitudinal equalization device (9) thus consists in distributing the resulting fiber flake in width by the device (6) and by filling the compensation space over the length (10). When the counter pressure stamp (25) has reached its end position, the clearing device (7) is stopped, the counter pressure stamp (25) is held in its end position and the slide (23) is opened completely. The material accumulated in the compensation chamber (8) is then brought into the interior of the press container (11) by lowering the press ram (12). After lifting the ram (12) into its upper rest position, closing the slide (23) and moving the counter-pressure ram (25) up to the discharge opening (22) of the clearing device (7), the clearing device (7) can go into operation again and close again a gradual filling of the compensation chamber (8) against the resistance of the counter pressure ram (25).

Den Figuren 1 und 2a und 2b ist auch der prinzipielle Aufbau des Preßbehälters zu entnehmen. Dieser Preßbehälter (11) sollte einen rechteckigen Querschnitt aufweisen und vorzugsweise keine inneren Einbauten, wie Rückhaltevorrichtungen oder Schnürnuten oder dergleichen aufweisen. Er ist ein rechteckiger Hohlkörper mit der inneren Breite (4) und der Länge (10), der an seinem Boden durch eine lösbare Bodenplatte (16) verschlossen ist. Diese Bodenplatte kann im einfachsten Fall schubkastenartig in dem unteren Teil des Preßbehälters (11) gehalten werden, weitere Lösungen für eine derartige Bodenplatte sind im Stand der Technik bereits bekannt. Für die vorliegende Verpackungsaufgabe ist es notwendig, daß der Innenraum des Preßbehälters mit Verpackungsmaterial (15) ausgelegt ist, vorzugsweise mit einem bereits vorgefertigten Kastensack, der am oberen Rand des Preßbehälters durch Klemmvorrichtungen (14) gehalten wird. Das Verpackungsmaterial für die spezielle Faserflocke mit erhöhten Gleiteigenschaften kann entweder ein Kastensack sein, der so reichlich bemessen ist, daß er nach Befüllung mit dem Fasermaterial und Verdichtung durch den Preßstempel (12) vor der letzten, endgültigen Pressung z.B. mit dem Preßstempel (12) noch überlappend verschlossen werden kann. Es ist jedoch auch eine andere Ausführungsart der Verpackung (15) einsetzbar. Hierbei wird ein Kastensack eingesetzt, der in etwa nur die Größe der Seitenwände und der Bodenplatte des Preßbehälters (11) aufweist und beispielsweise anschließend eine überlappende Abdeckfolie zur Abdeckung der Stirnseite vor der endgültigen Verpressung erhält.Figures 1 and 2a and 2b also show the basic structure of the press container. This press container (11) should have a rectangular cross section and preferably have no internal internals, such as retaining devices or lacing grooves or the like. It is a rectangular hollow body with the inner width (4) and the length (10), which is closed at its bottom by a releasable base plate (16). In the simplest case, this base plate can be held in a drawer-like manner in the lower part of the press container (11); further solutions for such a base plate are already known in the prior art. For the present packaging task, it is necessary that the interior of the press container is designed with packaging material (15), preferably with an already prefabricated box bag which is held at the upper edge of the press container by clamping devices (14). The packaging material for the special fiber flake with increased sliding properties can either be a box sack that is dimensioned so generously that after filling with the fiber material and compression by the press ram (12) before the last, final pressing, for example with the press ram (12) can be closed overlapping. However, another type of packaging (15) can also be used. Here, a box sack is used, which has approximately only the size of the side walls and the base plate of the press container (11) and, for example, subsequently receives an overlapping cover film for covering the end face before the final pressing.

Der Preßbehälter (11) sollte so ausgeführt sein, daß er den auf ihn einwirkenden Preßdruck auf jeden Fall aufnehmen kann. Dazu sind außen am Preßbehälter Verstärkungen (41) angedeutet. Auch eine leichte Ausführung des Behälters (11) ist möglich, falls die Wände des Preßbehälters (11) beim Pressen flächig abgestützt werden können oder der Preßkasten (11) zumindest vor der Endpressung von dem zu verpressenden Material entfernt werden kann.The press container (11) should be designed so that it can absorb the pressure acting on it in any case. For this purpose, reinforcements (41) are indicated on the outside of the press container. A light design of the container (11) is also possible if the walls of the press container (11) can be supported flat during the pressing or the press box (11) can be removed from the material to be pressed at least before the final pressing.

Die Preßbehälter (11) sind vorzugsweise frei beweglich, d.h. sie sind nicht über Führungen oder Stangen mit der Ablage oder Preßeinrichtung verbunden. Sie können vielmehr mittels geeigneter Transportmittel, wie z.B. Flurförderer oder Rollenbahnen oder dergleichen beliebig transportiert werden. Insbesondere ist ein Transport zu einer getrennten Endpresse (34) möglich, die unabhängig von der hier beschriebenen Vorrichtung zum Verpacken und Pressen von Faserflocke arbeitet. Für ein endgültiges Verpressen ist jedoch gegebenenfalls auch in einer vereinfachten Ausführungsform bereits die Vorrichtung gemäß Figur 1 geeignet. In diesem Fall sollte der Preßkasten (11) nach Lösung der lösbaren Bodenplatte (16) von dem gepreßten Gut entfernbar sein, so daß eine ungehinderte Verpackung des zusammengepreßten Fasermaterials in Ballenform möglich wird.The press container (11) are preferably freely movable, ie they are not connected to the storage or pressing device via guides or rods. Rather, you can use suitable means of transport, such as floor conveyors or roller conveyors or the like, can be transported as desired. In particular, transport to a separate final press (34) is possible, which works independently of the device for packaging and pressing fiber flake described here. However, in a simplified embodiment, the device according to FIG. 1 is already suitable for a final pressing. In this case, the press box (11) should be removable from the pressed material after the detachable base plate (16) has been released, so that unimpeded packaging of the compressed fiber material in bale form is possible.

Weiter oben wurde augeführt, daß die Preßbehälter (11) vorzugsweise auch keine sonst üblichen Rückhalteklappen aufweisen. Aufgrund der besonderen Eigenschaften des hier zu verpackenden Fasermaterials mit hohen Gleiteigenschaften und meist geringer Kräuselung ist die Tendenz des vorgepreßten Materials, nach Rückführung des Preßstempels aus dem Preßbehälter herauszuquellen, gering. Auf der anderen Seite zeigen die Rückhalteklappen, wie sie aus dem Stand der Technik für die Verpackung von normaler Faserflocke bekannt sind, hier aufgrund der hohen Gleitfähigkeit der Fasern meist keine Wirkung, ihr Rückhalteeffekt ist meist so begrenzt, daß auf ihn verzichtet werden kann.It was stated above that the press containers (11) preferably also have no otherwise customary retaining flaps. Due to the special properties of the fiber material to be packaged here with high sliding properties and mostly little crimping, the tendency of the pre-pressed material to swell out of the press container after the press ram has been returned is slight. On the other hand, the retaining flaps, as they are known from the prior art for the packaging of normal fiber flake, mostly have no effect here due to the high lubricity of the fibers, their retaining effect is usually so limited that it can be dispensed with.

Die eigentliche Verpackung und Verpressung des faserigen Materials erfolgt nach dem Verfahren gemäß dem Stand der Technik in der Form, daß eine bestimmte Menge an Fasermaterial in den Preßbehälter eingeführt wird und dann der Preßstempel (12) abgesenkt wird, um dieses Material vorzuverdichten; danach wird der Preßstempel hochgefahren und nach weiterer Füllung kommt er erneut zum Einsatz. Es ist so möglich, das Material bereits ausreichend vorzukomprimieren, insbesondere dann, wenn es aufgrund der eingesetzten Vorrichtungen möglich gewesen ist, eine möglichst gleichmäßige Füllung des Preßbehälters mit der Faserflocke zu erzielen.The actual packaging and pressing of the fibrous material is carried out according to the method according to the prior art in such a way that a certain amount of fiber material is introduced into the press container and then the press ram (12) is lowered in order to pre-compress this material; afterwards the ram is raised and after further filling it is used again. It is thus possible to pre-compress the material sufficiently, especially if it was possible due to the devices used, one To achieve as uniform a filling of the press container as possible with the fiber flake.

Eine weitere Ausführungsform ist in Figur 3 schematisch dargestellt worden. Die Verteilung der Faserflocke über die Breite des Preßbehälters (11) erfolgt in gleicher Weise wie vorgehend beschrieben, dagegen ist die Verteilung in Längsrichtung (10) des Preßbehälters hier eine andere. Ausgenutzt für die gleichmäßige Verteilung in Längsrichtung wird eine Relativbewegung des Preßkastens (11) bzw. seiner Öffnung (5) zu der Austragsöffnung (22) der Räumvorrichtung (7), die in der Figur 3 wiederum als Aggregation mehrerer Schneckenförderer dargestellt wurde. Die Relativbewegung von Räumvorrichtung bzw. Austragsöffnung der Räumvorrichtung und Preßbehälter (11) erfolgt durch Einsatz einer Changiervorrichtung (26), die zu einer Hin- und Herbewegung des Preßkastens (11) führt. In der Figur 3 ist mit ausgezogenen Linien die eine Endposition dieser Changierung wiedergegeben, in der auch die Zwischen- und gegebenenfalls Endpressung des Fasermaterials mit Hilfe des Preßstempels (12) erfolgt und in strichpunktierter Linie die andere Endstellung des Preßkastens (11′) zusammen mit der Changiervorrichtung (26′). Um einen Faserflug nach Möglichkeit zu vermeiden ist es notwendig, für eine Abdichtung des Preßkastens auch bei der Changierung zu achten; eine derartige Dichtung (27) wurde in der Figur 3 ebenfalls angedeutet. Im Füllschacht (2) findet sich noch wenigstens ein Fremdkörpersensor (31) oder ähnliches, der mit dem Antrieb der Räumvorrichtung (7) in der Weise gekoppelt ist, daß bei Ansprechen dieses Detektors für eine bestimmte kurze Zeit die Räumvorrichtung (7) in ihrer Förderrichtung umgekehrt wird und nun das Fasermaterial zusammen mit dem Fremdkörper über den Stutzen (32) automatisch ausgeschieden werden kann. Derartige Fremdkörper sind beispielsweise Messer-Bruchstücke, die durch entsprechende Metalldetektoren sehr gut erkannt werden können.Another embodiment has been shown schematically in FIG. 3. The distribution of the fiber flake over the width of the press container (11) is carried out in the same way as described above, but the distribution in the longitudinal direction (10) of the press container is different here. A relative movement of the press box (11) or its opening (5) to the discharge opening (22) of the clearing device (7), which in turn was shown in FIG. 3 as an aggregation of several screw conveyors, is used for the uniform distribution in the longitudinal direction. The relative movement of the clearing device or discharge opening of the clearing device and the press container (11) takes place by using a traversing device (26), which leads to a back and forth movement of the press box (11). In Figure 3, the one end position of this traversing is shown with solid lines, in which the intermediate and, if necessary, final pressing of the fiber material is carried out with the aid of the press ram (12) and the other end position of the press box (11 ') together with the dash-dotted line Traversing device (26 '). In order to avoid fiber flying as far as possible, it is necessary to ensure that the press box is sealed even when traversing; such a seal (27) was also indicated in Figure 3. In the filling shaft (2) there is at least one foreign body sensor (31) or the like, which is coupled to the drive of the clearing device (7) in such a way that when this detector responds, the clearing device (7) in its conveying direction for a certain short time is reversed and now the fiber material can be automatically excreted together with the foreign body via the nozzle (32). Foreign bodies of this type are, for example, knife fragments which can be recognized very well by corresponding metal detectors.

In Figur 4 ist eine weitere Ausführungform der Vorrichtung gemäß der Erfindung wiedergegeben. Hier erfolgt die Verteilung über die Längsrichtung (10) des Preßkastens (11) durch eine Changierbewegung der gesamten Räumvorrichtung (7), während der Preßbehälter (11) in der Füll- und Preßposition fixiert ist. Weitere Preßbehälter (11) neben dem eigentlichen Preßbehälter in Preßposition sollen die An- und Abführung derartiger Preßbehälter andeuten. Der linke Preßbehälter soll dabei sich noch im leeren Zustand, nur bereits mit einem Kastensack ausgestattet, befinden, während der rechte Behälter (11) bereits fertig gepreßte Ware enthält, die einer Endpresse zugeführt werden soll. Als Transporteinrichtungen sind hier Rollen- bzw. Walzenförderer (37, 38) angedeutet.FIG. 4 shows another embodiment of the device according to the invention. Here the distribution over the longitudinal direction (10) of the press box (11) takes place by a traversing movement of the entire clearing device (7), while the press container (11) is fixed in the filling and pressing position. Further press containers (11) in addition to the actual press container in the press position are intended to indicate the introduction and removal of such press containers. The left press container should still be empty, only equipped with a box sack, while the right container (11) already contains pressed goods that are to be fed to a final press. Roller or roller conveyors (37, 38) are indicated here as transport devices.

Wie bereits oben ausgeführt, bewegt sich bei dieser Ausführungsform die Räumvorrichtung hin und her. Dazu dient eine Changiervorrichtung, die die Räumvorrichtung (7) einschließlich Antrieb (29) hin- und herbewegt. Auch hier sollte der Hub dieser Changiervorrichtung so ausgerichtet sein, daß in einer linken Endstellung die Öffnung des Preßbehälters (11) vollständig freigegeben wird, so daß der Preßstempel (12) abgesenkt werden kann und auf der anderen Seite der Hub ausreichend sein, um ein gleichmäßiges Streuen der Faserflocke über die gesamte Länge des Preßbehälters zu ermöglichen. Auch in diesem Fall kann als Alternative die Räumvorrichtung (7) aus einem entsprechend breiten Schwing- oder Rüttelförderer bestehen.As already explained above, the clearing device moves back and forth in this embodiment. For this purpose, a traversing device is used, which moves the clearing device (7) including drive (29) back and forth. Here, too, the stroke of this traversing device should be oriented in such a way that the opening of the press container (11) is completely released in a left end position, so that the press ram (12) can be lowered and, on the other hand, the stroke is sufficient to achieve a uniform To allow scattering of the fiber flake over the entire length of the press container. In this case too, the clearing device (7) can consist of a correspondingly wide vibrating or vibrating conveyor.

In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist die Austragsöffnung (3) des Füllschachtes (2), die mit der Einlauföffnung (30) der Räumvorrichtung (7) verbunden ist, mit in dieser Changiervorrichtung aufgenommen. So ist es erforderlich, den Füllschacht (2) bzw. das Anlieferrohr (1) für Faserflocke mit wenigstens einem elastischen Verbindungsglied (36) und gegebenenfalls auch (42) zu verbinden. Diese elastischen Glieder sind beispielsweise aus elastischem Kunststoff oder Gummi gefertigt und haben in etwa die Form des Füllschachtes. Die beiden Endstellungen bei der Changierung der Räumvorrichtung (7) sind in Figur 4 wiederum angedeutet. In ausgezogenen Linien ist die Endstellung angegeben, in der der Einsatz des Preßstempels (12) ohne Beschädigung der Räumvorrichtung möglich ist. In der strichpunktierten Ausführung wird die andere Endlage angedeutet, die für die Austragung der Faserflocke bis zur anderen Seite des Preßbehälters notwendig ist. Auch bei dieser Vorrichtung sind Fremdkörpersensoren (31) vorgesehen und eine Reversiervorrichtung des Antriebes (29), so daß Fremdkörper über den Stutzen (32) ausgestoßen werden können.In a particularly preferred embodiment, the discharge opening (3) of the filling shaft (2), which is connected to the inlet opening (30) of the clearing device (7), is also accommodated in this traversing device. It is necessary, for example, to connect the filling shaft (2) or the delivery tube (1) for fiber flake to at least one elastic connecting member (36) and possibly also (42). These elastic links are made of, for example made of elastic plastic or rubber and have approximately the shape of the filling shaft. The two end positions in the traversing of the clearing device (7) are again indicated in FIG. 4. The end position is indicated in solid lines, in which the use of the press ram (12) is possible without damaging the clearing device. In the dash-dotted version, the other end position is indicated, which is necessary for the discharge of the fiber flake to the other side of the press container. In this device too, foreign body sensors (31) are provided and a reversing device of the drive (29) so that foreign bodies can be ejected via the connection piece (32).

In der Figur 4 ist ein Sockel (43) wiedergegeben, der ebenfalls Transportvorrichtungen für den Preßbehälter (11) aber auch entsprechende Positioniervorrichtungen (13) aufweist. Darüberhinaus können hier Kraftaufnehmer (Wiegezellen) angebracht werden, die beispielsweise an nicht gezeigten pneumatischen Stellgliedern befestigt sind und mit deren, Hilfe eine fortlaufende Kontrolle des Füllgrades, d.h. also der Menge an eingefüllter Faserflocke durchgeführt werden kann. Zweckmäßigerweise werden diese Kraftaufnehmer (44) vor einer Betätigung des Preßstempels (12) wieder ausgeschwenkt oder heruntergefahren, um eine Beschädigung während des eigentlichen Preßvorgangs nach Möglichkeit auszuschließen. Bei Einsatz mehrerer Wiegezellen kann ggf. sogar die Gleichmäßigkeit der Verteilung der Faserflocke verfolgt und ggf. Einfluß auf Wirksamkeit der Verteilungsvorrichtungen (6) und/oder (9) genommen werden.FIG. 4 shows a base (43) which also has transport devices for the press container (11) but also corresponding positioning devices (13). In addition, force transducers (load cells) can be attached here, which are attached, for example, to pneumatic actuators (not shown) and with the help of which a continuous control of the degree of filling, i.e. that is, the amount of fiber flake filled in can be carried out. Advantageously, these force transducers (44) are pivoted out or shut down again before actuation of the press ram (12) in order to prevent damage during the actual pressing process, if possible. If several load cells are used, the uniformity of the distribution of the fiber flake may even be tracked and the effectiveness of the distribution devices (6) and / or (9) may be influenced.

Die Fahrweise dieser Vorrichtung ähnelt der, wie sie bei der Vorrichtung gemäß Figur 1 bereits beschrieben wurde. Die Faserflocke fällt durch den Füllschacht (2) und die elastischen Glieder (36) und gegebenenfalls (42) in die Räumvorrichtung, nachdem sie durch eine schwenkbare Verteilungsvorrichtung (6) gleichmäßig über die Breite des Füllschachtes verteilt worden ist. Die untere Austragsöffnung des Füllschachtes und die Räumvorrichtung haben bereits eine Arbeitsbreite, die der Breite (4) des Preßbehälters (11) entspricht. Bei dem Betrieb bewegt sich die Räumvorrichtung zwischen 2 Grenzpunkten hin und her. Die eine Grenzstellung gestattet das gefahrlose Absenken des Preßstempels (12) in den Preßbehälter (11), die andere Endstellung genügt der Forderung nach einer gleichmäßigen Verteilung der Faserflocke über die volle Länge des Preßbehälters (11). Die Preßbehälter (11) sind vor dem Verfüllen mit Verpackungsmaterial in Kastensackform ausgekleidet. Diese Kastensäcke werden durch entsprechende Klemmvorrichtungen (14) gehalten. Durch die von Zeit zu Zeit vorzunehmende Pressung mit Hilfe des Preßstempels (12) wird eine Verdichtung des Fasermaterials erreicht. Nach Vervollständigung bzw. Schließen der Verpackung kann eine Endpressung des faserigen Gutes in dem Preßbehälter (11) erfolgen. Es ist dann möglich, mit geeigneten Vorrichtungen den Preßbehälter (11) nach Entfernung der lösbaren Bodenplatte (16) von dem gepreßten Gut zu entfernen und die Faserflocke im stark gepreßten Zustand z.B. durch Einbringen von Armierungen aus Bandstahl oder Drähten (33) in Ballenform (35), zu fixieren (Fig. 6). Auch eine Entfernung des Preßbehälters (11) vor der Endpressung ist möglich.The mode of operation of this device is similar to that already described for the device according to FIG. 1. The fiber flake falls through the filling shaft (2) and the elastic members (36) and optionally (42) into the broaching device, after being evenly distributed over the width of the by a pivotable distribution device (6) Fill shaft has been distributed. The lower discharge opening of the filling shaft and the clearing device already have a working width which corresponds to the width (4) of the press container (11). During operation, the clearing device moves back and forth between two limit points. One limit position allows the press ram (12) to be lowered into the press container (11) without risk, the other end position satisfies the requirement for an even distribution of the fiber flake over the full length of the press container (11). The press containers (11) are lined in the form of a box bag before being filled with packaging material. These box bags are held by appropriate clamping devices (14). By pressing from time to time with the aid of the press ram (12), the fiber material is compressed. After the packaging has been completed or closed, the fibrous material can be finally pressed in the press container (11). It is then possible, using suitable devices, to remove the press container (11) from the pressed material after removal of the detachable base plate (16) and the fiber flake in the strongly pressed state, for example by introducing reinforcements made of steel strip or wires (33) in bale form (35 ) to fix (Fig. 6). It is also possible to remove the press container (11) before the final pressing.

Eine derartige Endverpressung und Verpackung des Materials muß nicht mit Hilfe des Preßstempels (12) der Vorrichtung vorgenommen werden, sondern kann auch in einer ggf. getrennt aufgestellten Endpresse (34) mit oder ohne Freßbehälter (11) erfolgen.Such final pressing and packaging of the material does not have to be carried out with the help of the press ram (12) of the device, but can also be carried out in a possibly separate press (34) with or without a feeding container (11).

Die Auftrennung zwischen Füll- und Preßvorrichtung und Endpresse ist bereits von den Karusellpressen für die Verpackung von Faserflocke seit Jahrzehnten bekannt. Derartige Pressensysteme können auch im vorliegenden Fall eingesetzt werden. Bekannt ist aber auch bereits die Verpackung mit Hilfe von frei beweglichen, transportablen Preßbehältern. Eine schematische Darstellung einer möglichen Anordnung ist in Figur 5 wiedergegeben. Hier sind zwei Ablage- und Vorpreßeinrichtungen nebeneinander angeordnet. Die Preßkästen (11) gelangen von den Vorpreßeinrichtungen über Rollenbahnen (37) zu einer Zentralpresse (34), in der die endgültige Verpressung und Verpackung vorgenommen wird. Die leeren Preßbehälter werden über Rollenbahnen (38) wieder den Ablage- und Vorpreßeinrichtungen zurückgeschickt. Ein derartiges System kann Teil einer größeren Verpressungsanlage unter Einsatz von verschiedenen Vorpressen oder Kabelablegern sein. Diese Möglichkeiten sind durch die zusätzlichen Rollenbahnen (39) angedeutet worden.The separation between the filling and pressing device and the final press has been known for decades for the carousel presses for packaging fiber flakes. Such press systems can also be used in the present case. However, the packaging with the help of freely movable, transportable is also known Press containers. A schematic representation of a possible arrangement is shown in FIG. 5. Here two filing and pre-pressing devices are arranged side by side. The press boxes (11) pass from the pre-pressing devices via roller conveyors (37) to a central press (34), in which the final pressing and packaging is carried out. The empty press containers are sent back to the storage and pre-pressing devices via roller conveyors (38). Such a system can be part of a larger crimping system using various pre-presses or cable trays. These options have been indicated by the additional roller tracks (39).

Claims (21)

  1. An apparatus for packaging and pressing in bale form loose fiber material of short-length fibers or other fibers of high slipperiness, comprising
    a) a fill shaft (2) for the loose fiber to be packaged, having at least at its discharge opening (3) a width (4) equal to that of the press container opening (5) and possessing on the inside a pivotable distributing means (6),
    b) a clearer means (7) of appropriate width, arranged underneath the fill shaft (2) and capable of transporting the loose fiber at least as far as the edge of the press container opening (5) or into an equalizer space (8) above the press container opening (5),
    c) a longitudinal homogenizer means (9) for homogenizing the fiber pack density in the longitudinal direction (10) of the press container (11), situated upstream of or above the opening (5) of the press container,
    d) press containers (11) which are fixable within the depositing and/or pressing apparatus in their spatial position relative to the press ram (12), the clearer means (7) and the longitudinal homogenizer means (9) by positioning means (13) and which possess clamping means (14) for attaching packaging material (15) to the inner surface of the press container (11),
    e) further known means of such packaging and pressing means, such as a press ram (12) comprising appropriate actuating means, packaging and reinforcing means, open and closed control loop means, etc.
  2. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the apparatus for packaging and pressing in addition comprises a final press (34) into which the press containers (11) are transportable after having been filled and the contents pressed and in which the final pressing takes place with further compression of the loose fiber material and the packaging material (15) and also the final packaging and reinforcement of the bales thus produced.
  3. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that press containers (11) have a rectangular cross-section and are freely movable, i.e. have no permanent connection to other parts of the packaging and pressing apparatus, the inside is free of grooves and retention means, and the container has at the bottom end a detachable base plate (16).
  4. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the distributing means (6) in the fill shaft (2) is a trunk (17) which is pivotable in the direction of the width (4) of the press container (11) or a similarly pivotable paddle (18).
  5. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the clearer means (7) comprises at least two, preferably three to five, screw conveyors (20) in a parallel arrangement, in which the pitch of the screw helices (21) preferably increases from the inlet point (3) of the fill shaft (2) in the direction of the discharge opening (22) in order that compaction of the fiber pack be avoided during transport.
  6. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the longitudinal homogenizer means (9) has at least the following features:
    an equalizer space (8) which has the same cross-section as the press container (11), is situated directly above this press container (11) and is separated therefrom by a single- or multi-part, fully openable slider (23), the ceiling of the equalizer space (8) is formed by the press ram (12), the longitudinal walls (24) of the equalizer space (8) being preferably flush with the longitudinal walls of the press container (11), while one of the side walls is as regards the width (4) the discharge opening (22) of the clearer means (7) and the opposite wall is constructed as a counterpressure ram (25) which is movable over the entire length of the equalizer space (8) and which can oppose this movement with a predetermined resistance.
  7. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the longitudinal homogenizer means (9) has at least the following features:
    a clearer means (7) having a fixed discharge opening (22) above the press container (11) held on a traverse means (26) which moves the press container (11) in the longitudinal direction with such a stroke that the continuous stream of fiber leaving the clearer means (7) can be deposited uniformly over the entire length (10) of the press container (11) and intermediate pressings of the deposited material by the press ram (12) are possible.
  8. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the longitudinal homogenizer means (9) has the following features:
    fixed position of the press container (11) in the total installation during the filling and pressing operation but traversing movement of the clearer means (7) in the longitudinal direction of the press container (11) with such a stroke that the continuous stream of fiber leaving the clearer means can be deposited uniformly over the entire length (10) of the press container (11) and intermediate pressings of the deposited material by use of the press ram (12) are possible.
  9. Apparatus as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that there is a flexible connection between the fill shaft and the inlet opening (30) of the traverse clearer means (7) in order to ensure uniform filling of the clearer means or output per unit time.
  10. Apparatus as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fill shaft is fitted out with foreign body sensors (31) which in connection with a means for reversing the operating direction of the clearer means (7) permit the automatic elimination of foreign bodies and fiber of the wrong length via an opening (32).
  11. A process for the pressing and packaging of loose fiber material comprising short-length fibers or other fibers of high slipperiness in bale form, wherein the fiber material is uniformly distributed in the fill shaft (2) which has approximately already the same width (4) of opening (3) of the press container (11) to be filled, then subjected to the action of a clearer means of equal width and transported by same without noticeable deterioration in the uniformity across the width (4), then subjected to a technique for homogenizing the distribution of the fiber over the length of the opening (10) of the press container (11) before being introduced into the press container (11), which is lined with packaging material (15), where the fiber is intermittently and repeatedly subjected to the action of the press ram (12), the packaging material (15) is sealed once the desired flow level has been reached, and the fiber material thus packaged is pressed and reinforced in this state by the use of tapes or wires (33).
  12. The process as claimed in claim 11, characterized in that the deposited and pre-pressed fiber is preferably transported in a press container (11) to a final press (34) and, after the packaging material (15) has been sealed, subjected to a particularly strong pressing operation and the fiber material pressed and packaged in this manner is bandaged in the highly pressed state as a bale (35).
  13. The process as claimed in claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the uniform distribution of the fiber material in the fill shaft (2) is achieved by the action of a pivotable trunk (17) in the upper part of the shaft (2) or by a paddle (18) which is pivotable in the direction of the width (4) of the shaft (2).
  14. The process as claimed in any one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that the transfer and the continued transport of the fiber from the fill shaft (2) is effected by a clearer means (7) comprising at least two, preferably three to five, screw conveyors (20) in a parallel arrangement.
  15. The process as claimed in any one of claims 11 to 14, characterized in that the pressing, optionally including the final pressing, of the fiber material takes place in the press containers (11) and these containers (11) are freely movable or transportable and are fixed in their spatial position by positioning means (13) only during the filling and pressing operations.
  16. The process as claimed in any one of claims 11 to 15, characterized in that the filling and pressing operation is effected by continuous or repeated weighing of the press container to be filled in the intervals between interim pressing periods in order thereby to obtain a predetermined bale weight.
  17. The process as claimed in any one of claims 11 to 16, characterized in that the process for homogenizing the distribution of the fiber across the length (10) of the opening (5) of the press container (11) comprises the provision above the press container (11) of an equalizer space (8) as defined in claim 6, into which the clearer means (7) deliver fiber against the predetermined resistance of a counterpressure ram (25) until the entire equalizer space (8) is uniformly filled with fiber and, after the clearer means (7) has been stopped and the slider (23) has been opened, the press ram (12) transfers the fiber accumulated in the equalizer space (8) into the press box (11) for pressing.
  18. The process as claimed in any one of claims 11 to 16, characterized in that the technique for homogenizing the fiber distribution across the length (10) of the opening (5) of the press container (11) comprises relative movements between the outlet opening (22) from the clearer means (7) on the one hand and the opening (5) of the press box (11) on the other in such a way as to ensure uniform filling of the press box in the longitudinal direction (10) and in addition making possible the repeated use of the press ram (12) for pressing the deposited fibrous material inside the press container (11).
  19. The process as claimed in claim 18, characterized in that the press box (11) is fixed in its position and the clearer means (7) moves traversingly in such a way that its outlet opening (22) moves across virtually the full length (10) of the opening (5) of the press container (11) and the fill shaft (2) and the inlet openings (30) of the clearer means (7) are connected to one another via an elastic connecting member (36).
  20. The process as claimed in any one of the preceding claims 11 to 19, characterized in that the conveying direction of the clearer means (7) is reversible, enabling, in cooperation with metal or foreign body detectors (31), an automatic elimination of foreign bodies and fiber of the wrong length via the opening (22).
  21. The process as claimed in claim 16, characterized in that the weighing is effected by the use of a plurality, preferably 4, of force measuring means and the weight differences to be observed lead to a variation in the movements of the homogenizing means (6, 9).
EP90105303A 1989-03-23 1990-03-21 Method and device for packaging and compressing fibres Expired - Lifetime EP0388911B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE3909566A DE3909566A1 (en) 1989-03-23 1989-03-23 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PACKING AND PRESSING FIBERFLAKES
DE3909566 1989-03-23

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EP0388911A1 EP0388911A1 (en) 1990-09-26
EP0388911B1 true EP0388911B1 (en) 1993-11-10

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH03630A (en) 1991-01-07
ES2047733T3 (en) 1994-03-01
DK0388911T3 (en) 1994-03-21
CA2012860A1 (en) 1990-09-23
US5074101A (en) 1991-12-24
DE59003391D1 (en) 1993-12-16
EP0388911A1 (en) 1990-09-26
ATE97076T1 (en) 1993-11-15
DE3909566A1 (en) 1990-09-27

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