EP0014923A1 - Method for baling fibrous material and a baling press therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A process for the packaging of fibrous material in bales by multi-stage compression with several first-stage presses (1, 50), where the prepressed material is transported in box-shaped, doorless containers (3), optionally with the possibility of stand-by positions, to a central press (4, 71), where the pre-pressed material is pressed completely into a bale and than packaged, and where the empty containers (3) are transported back to the first-stage presses, characterized in that containers (3) are used for the packaging of stable fibers or tows, which are designed for the final compression in the central press (4, 71), having a bottom plate (15), which is releasable from the solid casing (13), transporting the containers (3) from the first-stage presses (1, 50) to a central press (4, 71), which is working independently from the operation cycles of the first-stage presses, on one or more non-circular paths, optionally with intermediate storage, taking up the containers (3) by the central press (4, 71) in an optional order, completely removing the casing (13) of the container (3) after the final compression of the material in the container (3) by the action of the central press (4, 71) and its ram (27), while maintaining the material subjected to the force of the press and packaging the bale, and after retraction of the ram (27) removing the bale from the central press (4, 71) and re-combining of the bottom plate (15) and the casing (13) for its transporting back on one or more non-circular paths.

Description

It has been known for a long time, it faseri ^g Gut, such as staple fiber stock to accumulate in the so-called carousel presses, multi-level to compress and pack. Such a press is described for example in Figures 1 and 2 of DE-OS 25 23 043. In these presses, the fibrous material is initially in one half of a rotatable double ^p reßkastens accumulated and pre-pressed and then exposed by a rotation of the Doppelpreßkastens 180 ° the action of the main press ram. So-called lacing grooves, which are provided in the press ram, the bottom pressure plate and also in the side walls of the press box, serve to reinforce the bales produced. To insert packaging material and of course also to eject the finished bale, the side walls of the press box are designed as doors that can be opened when performing these operations. Carousel presses of this type are usually connected to every fiber production line. This is not only disadvantageous because the machine is very expensive due to its large volume with large dimensions, but also because it requires a great deal of effort from operating personnel to operate it, since the packaging material and usually also the reinforcing tapes must be inserted by hand. In addition, considerable dead times arise in the main press part of such a carousel press, since the working rhythm is generally predetermined by the speed at which the pre-press is filled.

In order to better utilization of the main reßsystems ^p to g _e - währleisten was suggested in DE-AS 20 42 004 to combine a main press with two Vorpressensystemen, and various press boxes on a predetermined circular path of each Vorpres are transported senteil to the main press part to . Such a double carousel press allows better utilization of the main press part, but due to the given construction, the insertion of packaging material and reinforcing tapes remains difficult. The immediate vicinity of the pre-presses makes automatic feeding of packaging material at least very difficult. In addition, the use of such a press for the simultaneous processing of different, for example differently colored, fiber flakes is at least made more difficult, since a partial mutual mixing of the different types of fiber flakes in the main press section cannot usually be completely ruled out.

The introduction of the sheet-like packaging material is associated with considerable difficulties in all known carousel presses due to the spatial constriction due to the adjacent pre-press parts and generally can only be solved with great manual effort. For this reason, attempts have already been made to dispense with the use of flat packaging material before the reinforcement and to carry out this packaging only afterwards.

However, this type of packaging has not proven itself generally, since it can have some disadvantages. The following should be mentioned here: lower mechanical strength of the usual plastic films that are not fixed in their position by reinforcements and prevented from tearing, the risk of rust occurring stains in the packaged goods due to corrosion of the reinforcement tapes or wires in direct contact and the possibility of cutting partial cables when packaging cable tapes as the fibrous goods to be packaged. However, these difficulties can be overcome, for example, by using special reinforcing materials and packaging materials such as shrink films.

In addition to the packaging of fiber flakes in bale form, it is also known to lay endless fiber cables in transportable boxes. A larger fill weight in these cartons is possible when using the device of DE-PS 12 39 656, according to which the cables, which are continuously deposited by a swivel-mounted trunk, are continuously compressed by two press rams arranged to the side of the trunk. Through this compression of the fiber cable stored in a box, a higher density can be achieved, but this is still not considered sufficient without re-pressing even for endless cables. Such a press has been proposed in DE-OS 27 36 316 especially for the packaging of man-made fiber cables in bale form. It consists of an aggregate that is arranged separately from the depositing device with pre-pressing. The packaging material used in the process according to this DE-OS box bags that must be placed in the empty support container. The manufacture of such packaging material sets is complex, and their use in the packaging of fiber flakes is therefore often not desirable.

Still It was therefore the task of finding a press system in which more preferably 3 or more depositing and Vorpreßeinrichtun ^g s in conjunction with a main or central press work together and in which the central press is preferably additionally designed in such a way that it allows an unhindered, if necessary, automatic wrapping with packaging material and a subsequent reinforcement, which may also be carried out automatically. Such a device and the method required to operate it should be equally suitable for the packaging of fiber flakes and endless cable tapes.

It has now been found that high density, a packing of fibrous material, ie fiber material and tow is allenform in _B possible if the fibrous Good initially each supplied to a storage device and is preferably continuously prepressed there during the deposition process in a press container, the pre-compressed material is transported in package form to a central press, which is also supplied by other storage stations, and is then pressed and packaged there. Preferred embodiments of the method according to the invention and the corresponding device are the subject of the further claims.

An essential idea of the present invention is the separation of the depositing and pre-pressing device from the central press. The central press can thus be used for several fiber lines. The transport of the pre-pressed fibrous material takes place in press containers, which are transported by suitable devices from the depositing and pre-pressing devices to the central press.

In a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention and of the press system required for this purpose, the fibrous material is pre-pressed in several independent pre-presses, the respective fiber lines assigned. The storage and pre-pressing is carried out in portable press containers with a removable base plate. The fibrous material to be pressed is collected and pre-pressed in such a press container in a pre-press in a conventional manner, but the filled press container is then transported to the central address without a constraint on a predetermined path and, after taking over the press container, possibly without a base plate in the central press and after covering the open end faces of the press container in the portable press container pressed together by the action of the ram of the central press to a fraction of the volume. The surrounding press container is then completely removed from the material under a pressing pressure and, preferably after covering the freely accessible side surfaces of the bale with a sheet of packaging material, the protruding surfaces of the packaging material are bent over by the action of flat or rod-shaped hold-downs and on the surfaces of the bale. By defining the protruding areas of the packaging material, subsequent unimpeded reinforcement of the bale with tapes or wires is possible. After the hold-down device and the main press die have been moved back, the fully packed bale can be removed from the central press, while the empty press box is transported back to one of the pre-presses after being reunited with the associated base plate.

In contrast to the known prior art, the transportable press containers have no rigid connections with the central press, which force the press containers to move, for example, only on a circular path or the like. The press container according to The invention has the shape of an open box, preferably of rectangular cross section, the lower opening of which is closed by a releasable base plate. Holding devices on the open cylinder part of the press container and the base plate ensure that the material to be pressed cannot get out of the lower opening of the box-shaped part of the press container during the pre-pressing and transport. Known backflow devices are to be provided near the upper opening of the box-shaped part during the pressing of fiber flake, which prevent the pre-pressed material from swelling out between the individual pre-pressing passages and during transport to the central press. Suitable backflow devices and their mode of operation have been described, for example, in DE-AS 19 38 602; however, other systems of the same type can also be used.

the portable press container according to the invention not only have to withstand the press pressure of the pre-press, but also that of the central press, they preferably have reinforcing ribs or the like on their outside, while the inner surfaces of the jacket-shaped part and the base plate are preferably smooth and without recesses or grooves are. Due to the lack of lacing grooves and in particular due to the box-like shape without doors or the like, it is possible to make the weight of a press container including the backflow devices and the releasable base plate connected via holding devices so low that the transport of such a container even when filled is without difficulty using the usual means of transport such as Roller or rail tracks, floor conveyors, monorails or the like is possible.

In Figures 2 and 3 wheels, which are attached to the bottom plates of the press boxes, are shown as transport devices for the press container. It is possible, for example, to guide the press container on these rails on a rail system, the rails being able to be equipped to a track system with switches, turntables, siding and the like for the intermediate storage of the press container. However, the transport devices can also consist, for example, of a roller conveyor system, as was indicated in FIGS. 10 and 11. In this case, the base plates of the press containers should have a smooth lower surface without projections and the like. Roller conveyors of this type have proven themselves for the horizontal conveyance of heavy piece goods; they can contain driven rollers which facilitate the further transport of the containers.

Floor lift conveyors such as Forklifts or towed conveyors are suitable for transporting the press containers from the storage and pre-pressing devices to the central press and back again. Such conveyor systems are characterized in particular by their spatial mobility, since they are not tied to specific tracks or track and switch systems. When using such lifting conveyors, it can be advantageous to design the base plates of the press containers in the manner of transport pallets.

It is not absolutely necessary that the transport devices act on the base plate of the press container. A suitable transport device would also be provided, for example, by a hanging rail track with appropriate tracks and switches. In this case, the press container would have on the outer surfaces of your box-shaped part suitable devices such as hooks or the like, which allow a connection to the monorail system. The use of a monorail system as a transport device can be advantageous since such transport devices are suitable for being able to be combined with the transfer and conveying devices to be described later.

The various transport devices described above are only to be understood as a selection from a large number of known transport devices. In individual cases, the local situation, for example the arrangement of the various depositing and pre-pressing devices and the central press, should decide which transport devices can be used with particular advantage. Of course, combinations of the various transport devices are also possible, e.g. the transport on a roller conveyor from which the press containers are taken on a monorail or by floor conveyors.

The central press required for the implementation of the method according to the invention must, in accordance with the press systems known hitherto, have a particularly powerful press ram which is preferably to be operated hydraulically. When running as a superstructure press, the required counter pressure plate can be firmly anchored to the ground as a floor pressure plate. In contrast to the hitherto known balers, the central press according to the invention does not necessarily have to have a press box connected to it. However, as shown below in connection with the discussion of individual special embodiments, the method according to the invention can also be carried out with an end press with a firmly connected press box.

Preferably, however, the press container is not firmly connected with the _Z entralpresse. Instead, devices must be provided to allow the acquisition of entralpresse to _Z transported press container in the central press and its fixation in the pressing position. Such transfer devices can consist, for example, of a gripper system which is capable of gripping a press container transported to the central press and of transporting the box-shaped part of this press container without a base plate over a surface such that no pre-pressed material can escape from the lower opening of the box-shaped part Such a takeover system is shown schematically in FIGS. 3 and 4 and is guided on an upper rail track. This gripper system must be in a position not only to horizontal transport of _P reßbehälters without base plate so over a surface that no pressed Good to escape, but also to keep the box-shaped portion of the press container in the exact pressing position of the central press during the pressing process .

After the main pressing process has been carried out in the central press by lowering the ram, conveyors must intervene which allow the box-shaped part of the press container to be completely removed from the material pressed into a bale. These conveying devices can be provided as separate devices in the press and pull the box-shaped part of the press container up or down, for example via gripper systems. In FIGS. 4 and 5, these conveying devices are part of the take-over device, that is to say that the gripper device guided on an upper rail track also has pneumatic devices which pull up the box-shaped part of the press container ge from the pressed good.

A superstructure press is preferably used as the central press, the press system of which rests on a yoke that is supported by columns. The distance of these columns from the press container in the press position or the bale produced should be selected so that after the press container has been removed, all side surfaces of the bale are accessible without hindrance. This is the only way to pack and arm the pressed bale in a simple manner, if necessary fully automatically.

The method according to the invention in this embodiment and the press system required for this permit particularly simple packaging of the bales with flat, flexible packaging material cuts, the feeding and wrapping being able to take place fully automatically. As can be seen, for example, from the figures, only the press ram and the bottom pressure plate of the central press have lacing grooves that are required for later strapping. Before the pressing process is carried out, this press stamp and the bottom pressure plate must be covered with a blank of the desired packaging material. This covering e.g. with a plastic film is sufficient to prevent the pressed material from penetrating the lacing grooves. These packaging material blanks later cover at least the end faces of the pressed bale. These packaging material blanks can be introduced, for example, in such a way that bottom pressure plate and stamp of the central press are each provided with such a blank before a press container is inserted into the central press with the aid of the transfer device. The location of the packaging material blanks can be e.g. can be fixed by clamps, retainers or by the action of suction nozzles.

However, it is already possible to place the packaging material blank for covering the lower end face on the base plate of an empty press container and to fasten protruding ends of this blank, for example with the aid of clips, to the box-shaped part of the press container. In this case, it would not be necessary to cover the floor pressure plate of the central press with such a blank. It would then only be necessary to cover the upper end face of the press container or the press face of the press ram with a further cut before the main pressing process. In general, it is advantageous to choose the area of the packaging material blanks for the end faces larger than the open cross-sectional area of the press container or the later end faces of the bale produced. There are basically two options for packaging such bales with the aid of packaging blanks. One is that the packaging material blanks for the end faces are chosen so large that the excess surfaces of these packaging material blanks which protrude after the pressing are sufficient to also overlap all the side surfaces after being folded over. However, such a procedure generally leads to difficulties in pressing, since relatively large amounts of packaging material lie around the lowering die and, even after the pressing box has been removed, difficulties can arise in bending the protruding packaging blanks onto the side faces. Furthermore, there is a risk that the protruding surfaces of the packaging blanks can be damaged during the pressing process. For this reason, packaging blanks are preferably used that only protrude slightly from the end faces of the pressed bale. An outstanding length of approx. 10 cm on each edge of the bale has proven to be particularly advantageous. In this embodiment of the method, the side surfaces of the bale are made with a further blank in the form of a web Packing material wrapped, care must be taken that this web covering the side surfaces is held in place until the bale has been tied. This can be done in a simple manner, for example by welding, stitching, sewing or the like of the overlapping ends of this web under a certain pretension, it is also possible to fix the ends of this web in their position by using, for example, hydraulically driven rod-shaped or flat hold-down devices, until the reinforcement is finished.

Reinforcement with the help of the lacing grooves in the press ram and the bottom pressure plate is practically only possible without problems if it can be excluded with certainty that the lateral openings of these lacing grooves are not closed by protruding packaging surfaces. For this reason, it is necessary to fold the protruding edge surfaces of the packaging material blanks and to hold them on the surfaces of the bale until there is no longer any risk of the side openings of the lacing grooves being moved. The protruding and fixing of the protruding edge surfaces is expediently carried out by using rod-shaped or sheet-like hold-down devices which, for example, have a pneumatic drive and are, for example, embedded in the surfaces of the press ram and the floor pressure plate. In another embodiment, these hold-down devices can also be mounted in frames which are brought close to the finished wrapped bale. The protruding edge surfaces can be folded over once in the direction of the side surfaces or in the direction of the end surfaces of the bales. If it is preferred to lay down on the end faces, this must be done. Both the press ram and the bottom pressure plate have an annular outer part, which is independent of the position of the Main part can be moved. Both embodiments are shown in Figures 2 to 9, the exact mode of operation will be discussed in detail in connection with the individual figures.

The bale already wrapped with packaging material can be reinforced in the usual way by tensioning wires, steel strips or the like. It is easily possible to have this reinforcement also carried out by automatically operating devices, these automatic tapes being attached, for example, to the frames which already carry the hold-down devices.

After retracting the hold-down device and the main press ram, the bale is free on the floor pressure plate and can be removed from the press. Before pressing the contents of the next press container, the empty box-shaped press container must be removed from the press with the aid of the conveying and transfer devices, it being expedient to put it back on the associated base plate. The empty box-shaped part lowered by the conveying devices can, for example, also be taken over by a further gripper device which deposits this box-shaped part at another suitable location while the transfer device is already transferring the next full press container to the central press. In this case, it is of course necessary to transport the associated bottom plate separated at a point at which the second Greifervorrich- ^g do the box-shaped portion and the bottom plate of the press container can recombine.

The figures show exemplary embodiments of the method and the press system. With their help, an attempt is made to further clarify the invention and thus to express a limitation or limitation of the invention.

• Figure 1 shows in schematic form a spatial assignment of the press system.
• FIG. 2 shows a pre-press with a transportable press container.
• FIGS. 3 to 8 show different processes in the central press, in FIG. 3 the transfer device, in FIGS. 4 and 5 the final pressing state, in FIGS. 6 to 6b an automatic wrapping device for the side surfaces of the bale, in FIG. 7 the bending of the protruding packaging surfaces by holding down and in Figure 8 the execution of the reinforcement were particularly emphasized.
• FIG. 9 shows another embodiment of the central press and the hold-down devices required.
• FIG. 10 shows another embodiment of the press system according to the invention in a top view,
• Figure 11 shows the side view of the press system according to
• Figure 10 in the area of the central press again.
• FIG. 12 shows a side view of a system which is simplified compared to the embodiment corresponding to FIGS. 10 and 11, while FIG. 13 shows a top view of this system.

1 shows a possible spatial arrangement of the individual parts of the press system according to the invention. Here are three pre-presses (1) via transport devices such as Roller conveyors (2,8) connected to the central press (4). The fibrous material to be pressed is collected and pre-pressed in the pre-presses (1), and the filled press containers (3) are transported to the central press (4) via a roller conveyor (2). The main pressing process takes place in this central press (4), the pressed material being provided with packaging material for the side surfaces using the automatically operating wrapping device (5) and, for example, after reinforcement can be removed with steel belts as ready-to-ship bales (7).

The empty press containers (6) are transported back to the pre-presses (1) on a second roller conveyor (8). The roller conveyors (2 and 8) are drawn in the vicinity of the pre-presses (1), each with open ends to indicate that, for example, further pre-presses (1) can be included in this system or that further empty press containers (6) can be added to these open ends. or filled press container (3) can be in reserve. Via these roller conveyors (2 and 8), for example, laying devices according to DE-PS 1 239 656 for laying and pre-pressing thread cables can also be connected, provided that these cable supports are set up to enable accretion and pre-pressing in the empty press containers (6) .

FIG. 2 shows a pre-press part according to the invention. The material to be pressed falls over a filling shaft (12), through the upper housing (11) of the pre-press into a transportable press container, which consists of a box-shaped part (13), automatically working backflow flaps (14) and a removable base plate (15). The fibrous material is compressed under the action of the press ram (10), which can be moved via a piston rod (9), and results in the pre-pressed material (20). The box-shaped part (13) of preferably rectangular or square cross section is detachably connected to the base plate (15) by means of a holding device (18). This holding device can consist, for example, of a tongue and groove guide, as can be found in the simplest form in drawers. In the exemplary embodiment described here, a blank made of packaging material (19) was inserted for the later lower end face of the bale before the box-shaped part (13) was joined to the base plate (15). Wheels (17), which were connected to the base plate (15) via a base plate substructure (16), serve as transport devices.

The pre-pressing usually takes place in such a way that the loose, fibrous material first accumulates in the interior of the box-shaped container (13) and the interior of the upper housing (11) and is compressed in the box-shaped part (13) of the press container by lowering the pre-compression ram (10) becomes. After the pre-pressing die (10) has been raised again, the filling process is continued and the fibrous material is pre-compressed by alternately filling and lowering the pre-pressing die (10) in the interior of the box-shaped part (13). The known backflow flaps (14) serve to prevent the pre-pressed material from swelling out of the cylindrical part (13). The position of the backflow flaps (14) can, for example, depend on the position of the press ram (10) can be controlled. After the box-shaped part (13) has been filled with pre-pressed fibrous material, the press container, ie the box-shaped part (13), together with the base plate (15) can be transported away from the area of the pre-press with the aid of the wheels (17). An empty container then moves into its place, the base plate (15) of which is again covered with a packaging blank (19). The exact position of the press container relative to the press ram (10) can be ensured by suitable locking devices, not shown. The press container filled with pre-pressed fiber material (20) can now be transported to the central press on a flat surface. This transport can be facilitated, for example, by a drive (not shown) or by pulling devices.

In addition to the most important parts of the central press, such as the press ram (27) and the bottom pressure plate (29), FIG. 3 shows a filled press container (3) with bottom plate (15) and a combined transfer and conveying device (21). With the help of the transfer and conveying device, which can consist of a gripper device (22), an upper roller carriage (24) and a rail system (25), the box-shaped part (13) of the press container becomes horizontal in the work area of the press ram (27) of the central press moved, the holding devices (18) allowing the base plate (15) to be released from the box-shaped part (13) during this horizontal movement. Holding devices, not shown, ensure that the packaging blank (19) does not change its position during this movement. The connection between the gripper devices (22) and the box-shaped part (13) of the press container can take place, for example, using suitable holding devices (23). The central press ram (27) is divided in the present case into a core press ram (27a) and an outer press ram (27b), which surrounds the core stamp (27a) in a ring. The position of the press ram (27) is brought about by a drive (not shown) via the piston rod (26). The bottom pressure plate (29), like the associated press ram, is divided into a core pressure plate (29a) and an outer pressure plate (29b) which surrounds the core pressure plate in a ring. The exact position of the box-shaped part ( ₁₃ ) of the press container relative to the press ram (27) and the bottom pressure plate (29) can be done by suitable locking means, not shown, which act, for example, on the transfer and conveying device (21). In the figure, lacing grooves (28) are also provided both in the press ram (27) and in the bottom pressure plate (29), which enable the bale to be reinforced later in the pressed state.

FIG. 4 shows the actual pressing of the fibrous material with the help of the press ram (27a and b). The box-shaped part (13) of the press container is held by the gripper device (22) of the transfer and conveying device (21). To carry out the method, it is essential that, before lowering the press ram (27a, 27b), the upper end face of the press box or the press surface of the press ram (27a, 27b) with a packaging blank (30) for the upper end face of the bale (31 ) was covered. The use of the packaging blanks (19) and (30) for the end faces of the later bale is necessary for several reasons. These cuts serve once so that the lacing grooves (28) of the press ram (27) and the bottom pressure plate (29) do not move with the goods to be packaged and thus lead to a hindrance to the subsequent reinforcement, but also possibly to contamination of the packaged material. It is therefore not necessary in the method according to the invention that the same fiber material is accumulated and pre-pressed in all pre-presses (1).

Rather, the method according to the invention permits the packaging of different fibrous goods, that is, also differently colored fiber flakes. Without the use of the packaging blanks (19) and (30) there is a risk _f Ahr that fiber material remains in the Schnürnuten (28) of a previous press operation and remains in a subsequent pressing operation of extraneous fibrous material therein. In addition, of course, the packaging material also has the task of protecting the material pressed into a bale (31) from contamination during later transport and storage.

The next process step is shown in FIG. While the press ram (27a), (27b) remains unchanged in its position, with the help of the gripper device (22) of the transfer and conveying device (21) the box-shaped part (13) of the press container was completely removed from the material (31) pressed into bales away. The drive means of the gripper device (22) required for this lifting movement were not shown.

FIG. 6 shows an automatic wrapping of the now exposed side surfaces of the bale (31) with packaging material using an automatically working wrapping device (5). In order to better illustrate the structure and mode of operation of this wrapping device (5), the central press system is shown in cross section in FIG. 6, as in the previous figures, while FIGS. 6a and 6b show the timing of the wrapping process in the supervision. FIG. 6 shows again the pressed bale (31), which has packaging blanks (19) and (30) on its end faces. In addition, the side surfaces of the bale are now covered by a third blank of packaging material (41). This third packaging blank (41) comes from a supply roll (32) which is held by arms (33).

The actual packaging process can be seen in FIGS. 6a and 6b in time. While in FIG. 6a one end of the packaging material web '(35) is held by the swivel device (37) attached to the support arms (36) and the supply roll (32) is swung out far using the swivel arms (33) and the pneumatic actuator (39) the entire device is moved to the compressed bale (31) with the aid of the transport carriage (40) and thereby reaches the end position which was shown in FIG. 6b. By moving the entire wrapping device (5) and by an additional pivoting movement of the support arms (33) about the pivot point (34) and the pivoting of the pivoting device (37), all side surfaces of the bale (31) are enclosed by a film (35). While the film web (35) is held in this position, a separating and welding device (38) connects the overlapping packaging material webs. Due to the pre-tension with which the wrapping was carried out and the subsequent welding of the separated film web, which bears the identification number (41), a fixation of the position of this web is ensured at the same time. The supply roll (32) is then pivoted back by moving the support arms (33) and the transport carriage (40) is moved back. As soon as the automatically operating wrapping device (5) has reached the position according to FIG. 6a again, take over the free end of the packaging material web (35) to the swivel device (37).

It is not yet possible to reinforce the bale, which is now completely covered with packaging material, since the lateral openings of the lacing grooves (28) are at least partially covered by protruding packaging material surfaces. One possibility of bending these protruding packaging edges and holding them on the surface of the bale is shown in FIG. The flip is done here based on the proposals of DE-OS 2 736 316 by lifting an annular outer part (27b) of the press die, the core press die (27a) remaining in the press position. At the same time, an annular outer pressure plate (29b) of the bottom pressure plate is lowered. In the resulting cavities, the protruding packaging material surfaces can be folded over on the end faces of the bale if appropriately shaped hold-downs act on them. In FIG. 7, these hold-down devices are held by special carrying frames (43), (44) which, after removal of the box-shaped part ( ₁ 3) -des. _- Press container can be brought close to the pressed bale (31). FIG. 7 shows the hold-down devices fastened to the support frame (44) in the pivoted-in state (42a), while the hold-down devices (42b) of the support frame (43) are already in the pivoted-out working position. The pivoting movement of the hold-down device about its pivot point can be carried out by suitable drive devices, which, however, have not been shown in the figure.

The annular outer punch (27b) and the annular outer pressure plate (29b) can be moved by suitable movement devices, such as e.g. hydraulic control piston. They have suitable incisions which, when the parts (27b) and (29b) are returned to the starting pressing position, make it impossible to damage the pivoted down hold-down devices (42b). After lowering the outer press ram (27b) and lifting the outer pressure plate (29b) accordingly, the hold-down devices (42b) can be retracted because the press parts (27b) and (29b) now project the protruding ends of the packaging material surfaces in their bent positions on the end faces fix the bale.

The lateral openings of the lace grooves (28) are now freely accessible and can the reinforcement of the finished ^g e- pressed bales. In Figure 8, an automatic banding of the bale was indicated with the aid of a banding device (45), which is also attached to the carrying frame (44). For automatic strapping, it is necessary to provide corresponding deflections of the reinforcing material from an upper lacing groove in the press ram (27) to a lower lacing groove in the bottom pressure plate (29). These deflections can be provided in the support frame (43). After the carrying frames (43) and (44) have been moved back and the press ram (27a, 27b) has been raised, the pressed bale remains on the ground pressure plate (29a, 29b) in the fully packaged state; it can be removed from the press or, for example, can be transferred to another known means of transport for such products via an ejection device, not shown.

At the end of the process, it is necessary that the box-shaped part (13) of the press container is lowered again with the aid of the transfer and conveying device (21) and reunited with the associated base plate (15), the base plate (15) before being combined with a packaging blank (19) was covered. The empty press container can now be returned to a pre-press with the transport devices described and is ready there for the new filling.

A variant of the method and the required central press is shown in FIG. 9. In contrast to Figures 2 to 8, neither the press ram (27) nor the bottom pressure plate (29) is divided into core and outer parts. The packaging areas of the packaging blanks (19) and (30) which protrude beyond the end faces of the bale are not bent onto the end faces but onto the side faces with the aid of hold-down devices (47a, b), (49a, b). The levers in the recesses (46) of the press ram (27) t _i gen-down device (49a, b) may be their swivel action g _u ng conventional means, not shown Antriebsvorrich- _t Ungen perform. The hold-down device (49a) is drawn in the pivoted-in position, while the hold-down device (49b) is in the working position. Hold-down devices (47a, b) are let into the bottom pressure plate (29) and can be moved by means of a pneumatic drive (48). In contrast to the hold-down devices described so far, the hold-down devices (47a, b) only perform an up and down movement. The hold-down device (47a) is drawn in the retracted position, the hold-down device (47b) in the extended position.

The packaging and reinforcement of the bale (31) is advantageously carried out as follows when using a device according to FIG. 9.

After lowering the press ram (27) and extending the hold-down device to its working position (47b), (49b), the side surfaces are wrapped with a sheet of packaging material (35). The width of this packaging material web was chosen so that it does not exceed the height of the side surfaces of the bale in the pressed state.

The application of the packaging material web to the side can be done in the manner as already described in FIGS. 6a and b and the associated text. In this variant of the method, the side surfaces are wrapped with packaging material with hold-down devices (47b), (49b) already extended. After the packaging material web for the side surfaces has been fixed by welding, stapling or the like, the bale is first reinforced. The lower hold-down devices (47b) are then moved into position (47a) while the press ram (27) is raised in position (49b) with the hold-down devices still extended. This procedure allows the hold-down devices to be removed from their position between the individual packaging blanks and the bale is freely available for removal.

A further press system according to the invention is shown in FIGS. 10 and 11. Here, two pre-presses (1) and (1 ') and a cable laying and pre-pressing device (50) are connected to a central press (55) via routes (51, 52, 5-3 and 54). Known cable cutting machines (59, 59 ') are arranged above the pre-presses (1) and (1') and are able to cut the continuous cables (56, 57), which can come from different fiber lines, into staple fibers. The staple fibers then fall directly into transportable press containers (60) lined with packaging material. The staple fiber flake is pre-pressed directly in the press container. After a certain weight or degree of filling has been reached, the filled press container (60) is moved, for example, via the travel route (51, 52) in the direction of the central press (55). In FIG. 10, a further endless cable (58), which can originate from a further fiber line, is placed in the cable laying and pre-pressing device (50) in a further press container (60) and pre-pressed. If this press container is filled, it can also be moved in the direction of the central press via the routes (51, 54).

In this embodiment, it is expedient to fill the press container (60) with packaging material e.g. to be laid out in a bag shape before filling with fibrous material. The transport of the press container on the routes (51 to 54) can follow again, for example, by a roller conveyor, as indicated in FIG. 11. However, it is possible to use any other device for the horizontal conveying of goods instead of a roller conveyor.

In the embodiment according to FIGS. 10 and 11, the press containers (60) can be made weaker, since they only have to withstand the pressure of the pre-press. These press containers (60) are removed from the pre-pressed material (70) with the aid of a take-over device (61). For this purpose, e.g. Takeover device (61) movable on a rail track and corresponding gripping and pulling devices, which were indicated schematically in FIG. The pre-pressed material (70) of the press box (60) is moved into the central press with the aid of the take-over device (61), which can be a conventional superstructure press, for example, in which the press chamber can be closed by doors (62, 63). According to this embodiment, it is possible to use the take-over device (61) to introduce the pre-pressed material into the central press (55), in which, after the final pressing, banding can be carried out, for example, with the automatic banding device (45). The finished bales (7) can be transported away, for example, via a movable press floor (64) and then further via a driveway (65), which can again be designed as a roller conveyor. The empty press container (60) is transported back from the transfer device (61) to the individual pre-presses via the routes (66 to 69). On the way to the depositing and pre-pressing devices (1, 1 'or 50), the empty press containers (60) can again be equipped with packaging blanks or sets, for example.

The transfer of the precompressed Guts (70) by the transfer device (61) in the central press can also be performed in this embodiment of the invention, so that is placed on the movable Preßboden (64) prior ^g epreßte Good (70), in turn, the the rest of the transport to the central press. A further embodiment of the invention is shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, in which two depositing and pre-pressing devices (1) for fiber, curl and (50) for cable tape are provided. The endless cables (57 and 58) come from the associated fiber lines. While the cable (58) is deposited and pre-pressed directly as a cable band, the endless cable (57) is first cut in the cutting machine (59) and then falls into the pre-press (1).

The storage and pre-pressing devices (1 and 50) are in turn connected to the central press (71) via routes (51 to 53) and (66 to 68). As already described above, the transportable press containers (72) are filled with fibrous material in the depositing and pre-pressing devices, which is then pressed in these press containers in the central press (71). As with the previously described embodiment, it is also possible here to get by with weaker-sized press containers, which only have to be designed for the pressure in the pre-presses, if it is ensured that the additional forces occurring in the central press, for example, through supporting walls, that lie on the side surfaces of the press container can be picked up.

Claims (18)

1. A method for packaging fibrous material in bales by multi-stage pressing, characterized in that the fibrous material is fed to a storage device and preferably pre-pressed there during the laying process in a press container, the pre-compressed fibrous material in package form to a central press also supplied by other storage stations transported and pressed and packaged there. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the press container with the pre-compressed fibrous material without positive guidance on a predetermined path next to other press containers from other storage devices of the central press fed there, the fibrous material in the press containers one after the other finished pressing, each of which was finally compressed
Bale off and the empty press container is transported back to the storage facilities. 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the press container fed to the central press from various storage devices contain pre-compressed staple fiber flake and / or pre-compressed endless cable strips. 4. The method according to claim 1-3, characterized in that staple fiber flake is filled in a packaging or sack that was placed in a press container, the staple fiber flake pre-pressed in the packaging sleeve, the press container with the pre-compressed material to the central press, the Press container separated from the filled packaging envelope, move the filled packaging envelope into the central press, finally pressed and then in the Press condition is closed and reinforced on all sides. 5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that after the depositing and pre-pressing of the staple fiber flake in the casing used for packaging, the upper part of the two-part press container used is removed and then only the lower part of the press container is fed together with the pre-compressed material to the central press . 6. The method according to claim 1-3, characterized in that the deposited staple fibers are pre-pressed in a press container, the press container with the pre-pressed material is fed to the central press and is finally compressed there, the bale obtained is reinforced in the end-compressed state, the press container is removed from the bale and the bale only then is it sealed on all sides with a packaging sleeve. 7. The method according to claim 1-3, characterized in that fibrous material is placed and pressed in a press container, which is preferably only provided on the bottom with a protruding packaging web, the press container transported after the pre-pressing to the central press, at the latest there the upper end face with another packaging sheet covered, the fibrous material is pressed in the press container, the press container without base plate is removed from the fibrous material under pressure, the bale is covered with the above and below protruding packaging material strips, the bale is reinforced, transported away and the press container with base plate is closed a storage device is transported back. 8. The method according to claim 1-3 or 7, characterized in that fibrous material in a pre-press in a transportable press container with detachable base plate, which is preferably covered with a packaging blank, is stored and pre-pressed, the filled press container is transported to a central press on a predetermined path without forced guidance and, after taking over and covering the still free end face or end faces with packaging material, the contents of the press container are compressed to a fraction of its volume by the action of the press ram of the central press , the press container is completely removed from the material under pressure, then the side surfaces of the bale, which are now freely accessible, are preferably wrapped with a sheet of packaging material,
whereby protruding surfaces of the packaging material are bent over by the action of holding-down devices and held on the surfaces of the bale, then the bale is reinforced with ribbons or the like and is removed from the central press after the ram has been moved back and the empty press container is transported back to one of the preliminary presses. 9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that the end faces of the filled press container are covered with protruding blanks of the packaging material, the protruding surfaces of these packaging material blanks after the main pressing process and the removal of the press container by the action of hold-downs on the side surfaces of the bale bent and held in this position, the side surfaces of the bale are still covered with a sheet of packaging material, the width of which corresponds approximately to the side height of the pressed bale, and the sheet is preferably held in this position until the subsequent reinforcement has been completed. 10. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that after the main pressing process with removal of the press container, the side faces of the in the central press bale under pressure with a sheet of packaging material, the width of which is greater than the height of the finished bale, is wrapped and held in this position, then annular outer parts of the press ram and the bottom pressure plate are moved back from the bale under pressure into the resulting free spaces the protruding surfaces of the packaging material are bent onto the end faces of the bale with the aid of hold-down devices and held in this position until the reinforcement of the bale can be carried out after returning the annular outer parts of the press ram and the bottom pressure plate. 11. The method according to claims 8-10, characterized in that the holding of the side surfaces of the bale wrapping web of packaging material at the predetermined location by welding, gluing, stitching, sewing or clamping the two ends of this web. 12. The method according to claim 8 - 11. characterized in that the transfer of the portable press container into the central press takes place in such a way that the portable press container is preferably gripped by a take-over device -and, after loosening the holding devices of the base plate and jacket part of the press container, is moved into the exact working position of the central press without pressed material and; or the lower packaging cut can change its predefined position. 13. Press system for multi-stage pressing of fibrous - good in bale form and packaging these bales with flat flexible packaging materials and reinforcing tapes, characterized in that the press ^y stem a) several pre-presses with portable, doorless Press containers which have detachable base plates and allow accumulation and pre-pressing of possibly different fibrous material such as staple fiber or cable tapes into different press containers and transport of the press containers in the filled state, b) transport devices for transport and, if necessary, intermediate storage of the press container from the individual pre-presses to the central press and back, which allow the press container to move on a predetermined path without being forced to and c) there is a central press which, by the action of its press ram, can compress the volume of the fibrous material pre-pressed in the press containers by the pre-presses to a fraction of the volume, this central press having the following features: Devices for taking over each press container from the transport devices and for moving into the working position. Conveying devices which allow a complete removal of the box-shaped casing part of the press container from the fibrous material under a press pressure, such as
Devices that allow the automatic reinforcement of the bales when pressed. 14. Press system according to claim 13, characterized in that the central press has a plurality of rod-shaped or sheet-like hold-down devices, which are either extended from the press ram and the pressure plate or from the vicinity of the pressed bale supporting frames after removal of the press box and also retracted can be used to supernatant ver to bend packaging material surfaces and hold them on the surfaces of the bale produced for a desired period of time, and preferably devices which can be moved into the vicinity of the pressed bale after removal of the casing part of the press container and which allow the side surfaces of the bale to be wrapped with a web of packaging material. 15. Press system according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the portable press container have the shape of an open box with smooth inner surfaces and preferably rectangular cross-section, the box part is closed at its lower end by a releasable base plate, the box part and base plate having suitable holding devices to allow a positive connection of these parts during the pre-pressing and transport to the central press and, if the press containers are to be used for pressing fiber flake, have conventional automatic backflow devices at their upper opening, which prevent the pre-pressed fiber flake from swelling out. 16. Press system according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the take-over devices on the central press allow the takeover of the press container without the associated base plate, the pre-pressed material and / or the packaging material blanks for covering the end faces having to keep their position unchanged. 17. Press system according to claims 13 - 16, characterized in that the transportable press container optionally has driven movement devices such as wheels or rollers, which a trans allow porting of the press container on a given path without positive guidance. 18. Press system according to claims 13 - 1 ₇ , characterized in that the press ram of the central press is divided into a core punch and an outer punch surrounding it, and the position of these two rams to one another can be varied during the pressing process and that the bottom pressure plate in a core pressure plate and a surrounding outer pressure plate is divided, in which the position of the outer pressure plate relative to the core pressure plate can be varied during the pressing process.

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